I-Okapi isilwane esingajwayelekile. Ngokubonakala kwayo, kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi isihlobo esiseduze sendlulamithi. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-okapi ngasikhathi sinye ifana ne-zebra, inyamazane nehhashi. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungamamitha ama-2, isisindo singama-230-240 kg, ukuphakama kubune ngamasentimitha angama-140. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bancanyana kunabesifazane, futhi babuye bahluke lapho kukhona phambi kwezimpondo ezimbili ezimfishane. Umzimba omfishane omisipha, intamo ende ende, ikhanda elincane nekhanda elincane kakhulu ukubukeka okubonakalayo - ezinye izici zangaphandle ze-okapi. Izinwele zezilwane zimfishane futhi zihle kakhulu; ekukhanyeni, kucwazimula kahle ngemibala ehlukahlukene, kusukela kubomvu kuya nsundu okumnyama. Isibalo se-okapi sikhanya, futhi emilenzeni kumnyama, imivimbo ecishe ibe mnyama, efana nemivimbo ye-zebra. Enye into engajwayelekile yokwakheka kwe-okapi lulimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olude ngendlela exakile yesilwane esifutha. Bageza iso labo nge-okapi futhi bathola ukudla okufanele, futhi bahlukanise kalula amaqabunga namaqabunga emagatsheni.

Indlela Yokuphila Nebhayoloji

I-Okapi ihola impilo yansuku zonke. Kungaleso sikhathi sokuzalela kuphela, owesilisa nowesifazane bakhombisa intshisekelo komunye nomunye. Amasayithi ezinsikazi achaze imingcele ngokucacile, engabukeki kwabesilisa. Lesi isilwane esinamahloni futhi esiqaphile, esizama ukuzifihla esikhondweni kaningi emehlweni wamehlo. Izwi lakhe lithule, lifana kancane ne-moo ephansi, enekhwela elincane. Kepha ama-okapi awanazo izintambo zezwi. Isilwane asihambelani kahle nokudingiswa futhi kwesinye isikhathi siyafa, ngakho-ke kwizindawo zasekhaya akukho abameli abaningi bezinhlobo. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engama-30. Owesifazane uthwala izithole kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-15. Ingane isikhathi eside igcina eduze kukanina futhi iphendula izwi layo kuphela. Imvamisa i-okapi ihamba ngezindlela ezifanayo ezinyathelwe. Amaqabunga ezihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahlana, ama-ferns, izithelo namakhowe kungukudla okuyinhloko kwe-okapi. Isitha sakhe esiyingozi kakhulu ingwe.

Ifakwe emhlabeni Red Book

Inani lamanje labakwa-okapi abaphila emvelweni, ngokusho kokulinganisa okuhlukahlukene, lisuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-35 kuye kwangama-50. Ama-zoo emhlabeni wonke aqukethe cishe i-160 okapi. Isamba sonke njengamanje sizinzile futhi akukho ukuthambekela kokuncipha. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kungokubonga kuphela ngezindlela zokuphepha. Ezinye izilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokongiwa, isibonelo, endaweni ekhethekile yase-Okapi, efakwe ohlwini Lwamagugu Omhlaba lwe-UNESCO. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izilwane ezihlala ngaphandle kwalezi zindawo zivelelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezingozi. Izinkinga ezinkulu zezinhlobo ukulahleka kwezindawo zemvelo nokubulawa kwemvelo. Bazingela izilwane zenyama nezikhumba. Isithiyo esikhulu impela senhlalo yezinhlobo zezimpi zezimpi zombango ezivame ukwenzeka kule ngxenye ye-Afrika.

Okapi

Isilwane esinezintambo eziboshwe ngokubukeka okumangazayo, isihlobo esikude sendlulamithi futhi okuwukuphela koyimeleyo wohlobo lwaso - uJohnston okapi noma, njengoba ama-pygmies asenkabeni ye-Afrika eyibiza ngokuthi “ihhashi lasehlathini”.

p, blockquote 1,0,0,0,0 ->

Incazelo

U-Okapi sengathi udalwe ezilwaneni eziningana. Imilenze ye-okapi inemibala emnyama nemhlophe qhwa, efana ne-zebra. Ijazi emzimbeni linombala onsundu, futhi kwezinye izindawo licishe laba mnyama. Umbala wekhanda le-okapi nawo uyingqayizivele: kusuka ezindlebeni kuya esihlathini nasentanjeni, ijazi licishe libe mhlophe, ebunzini futhi liphansi ekhaleni linsundu, nekhala ngokwalo kumnyama. Enye into ehlukanisa i-okapi lulimi olude lapho i-okapi igeza ngalo amehlo nezindlebe.

p, blockquote 2,0,1,0,0 ->

Okunye futhi okuhlukayo kwama-okapi wesilisa kuphela ama-ossicons (izimpondo ezincane). Ubukhulu nokwakheka kwe-okapi kufana nehhashi. Ukuphakama kwesilwane esidala lapho kubuna kufinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-170, futhi isisindo singama-200 - 250 kilogram. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane bufinyelela kumamitha amabili.

p, blockquote 3,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Habitat

Kwemvelo yemvelo, i-okapi ingatholakala endaweni eyodwa - lokhu kusendaweni yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Amapaki kazwelonke (uSolonga, Maiko kanye neVirunga) akhiwa ngokukhethekile ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nasenyakatho yombuso. Iningi labantu ligxile kakhulu endaweni yabo. Indawo yokuhlala yabesifazane inciphisiwe futhi musa ukugqagqana. Kepha abesilisa abanayo imingcele ecacile, kepha noma kunjalo bahlala bodwa.

p, blockquote 4,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Okudingayo

I-Okapi ekudleni yizilwane ezinamakha kakhulu. Ukudla okuyinhloko ngamaqabunga amadala, lawo u-Okapi adonsa kuwo amagatsha esihlahla. Ngolimi lwayo olude, i-okapi imboza ihlumela kanye nokunyakaza okushelelayo kwehla izinyembezi zamaqabunga amnyama anamanzi.

p, blockquote 5,1,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->

Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi "ihhashi lasehlathini" likhetha utshani ekudleni kwalo. Ayenqabi i-fern noma amakhowe, izithelo ezahlukahlukene, amajikijolo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-okapi idla ubumba (equkethe usawoti kanye ne-saltpeter), kanye namalahle. Ngokunokwenzeka, isilwane sengeza lezi zinto ekudleni kwaso ukuze sigcine isilinganiso samaminerali emzimbeni.

p, blockquote 7,0,0,1,0 ->

Izitha zemvelo

Njengoba i-okapi ihola indlela yokuphila efihliwe kakhulu, inobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele futhi ivikelwe kakhulu, kunezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, isifungo kunazo zonke kunazo zonke ingwe yasendle. Futhi, ama-hyenas angahlasela i-okapi. Ezindaweni zokunisela, izingwenya ziyingozi kuma-okapi.

p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->

Njengakwezinye izilwane eziningi, isitha esikhulu umuntu. Ukuhlakazwa kwamahlathi ngokungangabazeki kuthinta inani lezilwane ezimangalisayo ze-okapi.

p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,1 ->

Indawo yase-Okapi

I-Okapi iyisilo esiyivelakancane, futhi evela emazweni lapho kuhlala khona okapiKubonakala kuphela insimu yaseCongo. Kuhlala u-Okapi emahlathini aminyene acebile ezifundeni ezisempumalanga nasenyakatho yezwe, ngokwesibonelo, indawo yokugcina iMaiko.

Ivela ikakhulu ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-500 kuya kwayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ezintabeni ezikhule kakhulu ngamahlathi. Kepha kutholakala emathafeni avulekile, eduze namanzi. Ithanda ukuhlalisa i-okapi, lapho kunamabhishi amaningi kanye namathanga lapho kulula ukufihla khona.

Ubuningi obuqondile abaziwa ngokuthembekile. Izimpi ezihlala njalo kuleliya lizwe azinegalelo ekutadisheni okuningiliziwe kwezitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni. Izilinganiso zokuqala zibonisa amakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15-18 ama-okapi ahlala endaweni yeRiphabhliki yaseCongo.

Ngeshwa, ukuvuna amahlathi, okucekela phansi indawo yokuhlala yabamele abaningi bezilwane zasendaweni, kuthinta kabi inani le-okapi. Ngakho-ke, sekuyisikhathi eside sifakwe ku-Red Book.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Entwasahlobo, abesilisa baqala ukunakekela izinsikazi, bahlela ukubulawa, ikakhulukazi kwesimo esibonisa, bacindezela izintamo zabo ngenkuthalo. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ikhulelwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka - izinsuku ezingama-450. Ukubeletha kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yezimvula. Izinsuku zokuqala nengane zichithwa zodwa, ehlathini kaningi. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, inesisindo esisuka ku-15 kuye ku-30 ​​kg.

Ukondla kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside - kuze kube unyaka. Ngenqubo yemfundo, insikazi ayilahli ingane, ihlala imdumisa ngezwi layo. Uma kwenzeka ingozi enzalweni, iyakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu.

Ngemuva konyaka, izimpondo ziqala ukuqhuma kwabesilisa, kuthi lapho beneminyaka emithathu sebengabantu abadala. Kusukela ngeminyaka emibili sebevele bebhekwe njengabakhulile ocansini. Ama-Okapi ahlala ekudingisweni kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ngokwemvelo ayaziwa ngokuthembekile.

U-Okapi uqale wabonakala e-Antwerp Zoo. Kepha washeshe washona, esehlale khona isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokho, inzalo yokuqala evela ku-okapi etholakala ekudingisweni nayo yashabalala. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kuphela, bafunda ukuwukhulisa ngempumelelo ezimweni zezindiza.

Lesi isilwane esithanda ukwedlula zonke - asikubekezeleli ukushintshwa okushisa okungazelelwe, kudinga umswakama ozinzile. Ukwakheka kokudla kufanele futhi kusondele lapho kunakekelwa. Umuzwa onjalo uvumela abambalwa kuphela ukuthi baphile ezindaweni zoos zamazwe asenyakatho, lapho ubusika obubandayo bujwayelekile. Eqoqweni langasese kukhona ngisho nelincane lawo.

Kepha muva nje, impumelelo enkulu iye yatholakala ekuzaleni kwayo ekudingisweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzalo iyatholakala - uphawu oluqinile lokuvumelana nokuvumelana kwesilo ezimweni ezingejwayelekile.

Bazama ukubeka izilwane ezincane ku-zoos - zishesha ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane esisanda kubanjwa kufanele sibekelwe yedwa ngaphandle kwengqondo.

Lapho bazama ukungamphazamisi futhi, futhi uma kungenzeka, bondla ukudla okujwayelekile nje. Ukwesaba abantu, izimo ezingaziwa, ukudla, isimo sezulu kufanele kudlule. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-okapi ingafa ngenxa yokuxineka - lokhu akuyona into engjwayelekile. Ngomqondo omncane wobungozi, uqala ngokuxhamazela ngenkani esitokisini esethukile, inhliziyo nenqubo yakhe yovalo kungenzeka ingamelana nomthwalo.

Ngokushesha lapho esehlisa umoya, ukulethwa e-zoo noma ku-menagerie yangasese kwenzeka. Lesi isivivinyo esinzima kunazo zonke sesilo sasendle. Inqubo yokuthutha kufanele ibe mnene ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo, yijabulise, ngaphandle kokwesaba impilo yesilwane. Abesilisa bagcinwa bohlukile kwabesifazane. Akufanele kube nokukhanya okuningi endaweni ebiyelwe; kushiywe indawo eyodwa kuphela ekhanyiswe kahle.

Uma unenhlanhla, kanti insikazi ithela inzalo, bayayihlukanisa masinyane ekhoneni elimnyama, belingisa isizinda sehlathi, lapho iphindela kulo, ihambile imvelo. Kuyiqiniso, akuvamile ukuba ukondliwe kuphela ngohlaza olujwayelekile lwase-Afrika, kodwa kuthathelwa indawo izihlahla eziqhakazayo, imifino yendawo kanye namakhambi, ngisho neziqhekeza. Bathandwa yiwo wonke ama-herbivores. Usawoti, umlotha kanye ne-calcium (ushoko, ama-egghell, njll) kufanele kufakwe ekudleni.

Ngemuva kwalokho u-Okapi usejwayela abantu kangangokuba akesabi ukuthatha izithaso ezandleni zakhe. Bambambe ngobuhlakani ngolimi lwakhe, bambeka emlonyeni wakhe. Kubukeka kujabulisa ngokweqile, okuthi kudlulise intshisekelo yezivakashi kule ndalo emangalisayo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-okapi njengezinhlobo usafundwa; cishe akukho mininingwane ngemvelaphi yohlobo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ososayensi baseLondon bathola izinsalela zesilwane. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kubonise ukuthi abukho ubudlelwano nehhashi. Okwesibili ukuthi ukhokho osondelene kakhulu we-okapi nendlulamthi kudala afa. Ayikho imininingwane emisha etholakele engaphika noma ishintshe imininingwane etholwe yiBritish.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Okapi Animal

Ukuvela kwesilo sezimangaliso zase-Afrika kuyingqayizivele. Inombala onsundu, onamathiphu kusuka koshokholethi omnyama aze abomvu. Izinyawo zimhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama engxenyeni engenhla, ikhanda limhlophe-grey elinendawo enkulu onsundu engxenyeni engenhla, ukuzungeza komlomo namakhala amakhulu amakhulu kumnyama. Umsila onsundu onebhulashi ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-40 cm. Akukho okuguqukayo okubushelelezi kusuka kumbala kuya kumbala, iziqhingi zoboya bomthunzi owodwa zikhawulelwe kahle.

Abesilisa banezimpondo ezincane, okusikisela umqondo wobumbano nendlulamithi. Unyaka nonyaka, amathiphu ezimpondo ayawa bese kukhula okusha. Ukukhula kwezilwane kucishe kube yimitha eyodwa nohhafu, ngenkathi intamo imfushane kunaleyo eyenziwe ngayo, kepha iphakeme kakhulu. Abesifazane ngokwesiko bade ngamasentimitha ambalwa futhi abanazimpondo. Isisindo esidala somuntu abadala singama-250 kg, ikonyana elisanda kuzalwa lingama-30 kg. Ekugcineni, isilo sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 noma ngaphezulu.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kufana nendlulamithi, ulimi lwe-okapi lufika kubude obuyi-35 cm. Isilwane esinomzimba ohlanzekile sikhanyisa kalula ukungcola emehlweni noma ezindlebeni.

U-Okapi akanamathuluzi okumelana nomhlaseli. Ukuphela kwendlela yokusinda ukuthi ubaleke. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamnika izindlebe ezibucayi, okwamvumela ukuba afunde ngendlela eyingozi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izindlebe zikhulu, zide, ziyamangala. Ukugcina ubumsulwa bezindlebe, buzihlanze njalo ngolimi lwazo, isilo siphoqelelwa ukuba silondoloze izindlebe ezicashile. Ukuhlanzeka kungenye indlela yokuvikela umhlaseli.

Abamele lezinhlobo abanazo izintambo zezwi. Ukuphefumula kakhulu, kwenza umsindo okufana nokukhwehlela noma ikhwela. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukusebenzisa ukwehlisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-okapi ayinantula yesinye inyongo. Enye into kwakuyizikhwama ezikhethekile esihlathini, lapho isilwane singagcina khona ukudla isikhashana.

Uhlala kuphi u-okapi?

Isithombe: U-Okapi e-Afrika

Indawo yokuhlala ilinganiselwe. Endle, amahhashi wangaphambili kaJohnston angatholakala kuphela enyakatho-mpumalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, impahla ye-okapi yandiswa yafinyelela emkhawulweni womngcele wesifundazwe esiseduze - i-Uganda. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okuphelele kukhipha kancane kancane izilwane ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Futhi ama-okapis asabekayo awakwazi ukucinga ikhaya elisha.

Izilwane zikhetha indawo yazo yokuhlala ngokucophelela. Kufanele kube yindawo evundile mayelana nekhilomitha ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izilwane azihloli izinkomba zokugcina, zincike emvelweni. Ithafa liyingozi kubo, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukubona ihhashi lasehlathini endaweni engenalutho. Ama-Okapi ahlala ezindaweni ezikhule ngamahlahla amade, lapho kulula khona ukucasha futhi ezwe inyamazane idlula emagatsheni.

Amahlathi emvula asenkabeni ye-Afrika aseyindawo efanelekile ukuhlala i-okapi. Izilwane ezi-picky zikhetha indlu hhayi kuphela ngenani lamakati, kepha futhi nokuphakama kwamaqabunga akhula kuzo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi amathikithi abe nensimu enkulu - umhlambi awuhlali eduze, umuntu ngamunye unekona elihlukile. Ekudingisweni, izimo zokusinda kwe-okapi zidalwe ngokwenziwe.

• Indawo ebiyelwe emnyama enendawo encane ekhanyisiwe,
• Ukungabikho kwezinye izilwane eduzane,
• Ukondla ngamaqabunga adliwe ngumuntu endle,
• Ngomama onengane - ekhoneni elimnyama elingisa ihlathi eliminyene, nokuthula okuphelele,
• Ukuxhumana okuncane nomuntu kuze kube yilapho umuntu esejwayele ngokuphelele izimo ezintsha,
• Izimo zesimo sezulu esijwayelekile - ushintsho olukhulu lokushisa lungasibulala isilwane.

Kunama-zoo angaphansi kwama-50 emhlabeni lapho kuhlala khona ama-okapi. Ukuzalanisa kwabo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethambile. Kepha umphumela waba ukwanda kokuphila kwesilwane iminyaka engama-30. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ihhashi lasehlathini isikhathi esingakanani selikhona, ososayensi bavumelana ngokuphele kweminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-25.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Okapi isilwane sase-Afrika

U-Okapi unamahloni ngendlela emangalisayo. Imininingwane ngokuziphatha kwabo kwansuku zonke abantu bathola kuphela ekudingisweni. Akunakwenzeka ukubuka inani labantu ezindaweni ezivulekile zaphakathi e-Afrika - izimpi eziqhubekayo zenza noma ikuphi ukuphila kohambo lwesayensi kusongele abacwaningi. Izingxabano zithinta inani lezilwane: abazingeli bangena ezindaweni ezigcinwe futhi babeke izicupho zezilwane ezibalulekile.

Futhi ekuthunjweni, izilwane ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Ukwakha ubukhosi obucacile, abesilisa balwela ubunyoninco. Ngokuphonsa abanye abantu ngezimpondo nezinselo, iduna elinamandla libonisa amandla alo ngokwelula intamo phezulu. Abanye bonke babehlala bekhalela ukuthobeka ngenhlonipho phansi. Kepha le ndlela yokuxhumana ayijwayelekile ku-okapi, kungcono ngayo emakhejini angawodwa. Okuhlukile kungomama abanezingane.

Okulandelayo kuyaziwa ngokuziphatha kwe-okapi ku-vivo:

• Umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni ethile, aqonde kuyo ngokuzimela,
• Abesifazane banamathela kwimingcele ecacile, evimba abantu bangaphandle ekungeneni impahla yabo,
• Abesilisa baphatha imingcele ngokunganaki, bavame uklaba basondelene,
• Umuntu ngamunye umaka impahla yakhe ngosizo lwe-amakha amakha emilenzeni nasezinkalweni, kanye nomchamo,
• Insikazi ingadabula ngokukhululeka indawo yeduna. Uma iwundlu linaye, akekho engozini evela kummeleli omkhulu,
• Uthando lukamama ngewundlu luqine kakhulu, luvikela ingane okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha luzelwe,
• Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, amafomu ngababili ahlukana kalula, lapho nje owesifazane ezwa isidingo sokuvikela ingane,
• Ngesinye isikhathi zakha amaqembu abantu abaningana, mhlawumbe ukuya endaweni yokunisela. Kepha akunakuqinisekiswa kwale hypothesis,

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Okapi Cub

Abakwa-Okapi abadingi abaholi.Ibonisa ukuhlaselwa kwezitha, ukuvikela insimu kusuka kubancintisana, ukukhulisa inzalo ngokuhlangene - konke lokhu akusimo semvelo yamahhashi asehlathini. Zikhethele ucezwana lokhuni, ulimake bese lidla kuze kufike isikhathi sokuqalisa - le yindlela izilwane eziqaphile aziphatha ngayo. Ukuba necebo elincane lilodwa, ama-okapi abucayi aqinisekisa ukuthula emhlabeni, anciphise amathuba ezitha ukuzingela ngempumelelo.

Isikhathi sokuzala senzeka ngoMeyi-Julayi, lapho insikazi nowesilisa behlangana kafushane ukwakha i-pair. Ezinyangeni eziyi-15 ezilandelayo, insikazi ithwala umbungu. Izinsana zizalwa ngenkathi yezimvula kusuka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla. Izinsana ezisencane kakhulu zinesisindo esingu-14 kg, ezinkulu - zifinyelela kuma-30. Ubaba akekho lapho azalwa, akazizwa enesifiso ngalo mndeni omusha. Kodwa-ke, insikazi, ijwayele inkululeko, ihlangabezana nokubanda komlingani wayo ngaphandle kwemizwa.

Ezinsukwini zokugcina zokukhulelwa, umama okhulelwe ungena esihlahleni sehlathi ukuze athole umhlambi oyisithulu, omnyama. Umshiya lapho umntwana, futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo eza kuye ezokondla. Ingane esanda kuzalwa iyazifihla emaqabungeni ewile futhi iqhwa, ngumnikazi kuphela ozwayo ozwela we-okapi ongayithola. Ingane yenza imisindo efana ne-mooing, ukuze kube lula ukuthi umama ayithole.

Ubunye balo mbhangqwana buzoba nomhawu ngabasakazi abathandanayo. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, i-okapi encane ikhula ibe ngumama futhi imlandela yonke indawo. Ukuthi lo umndeni uhlala isikhathi esingakanani awaziwa kumuntu. Amawundlu abesifazane avuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva konyaka owodwa nohhafu, abesilisa abasebasha beza kulokhu benezinyanga ezingama-28 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, ukuguga kuthatha iminyaka emi-3.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Okapi Animal

Inani lezinhlobo zezilwane lincipha ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwezimfihlo kwezilwane, bekunzima ukubala inani lazo ngesikhathi kutholakala izinhlobo zezilwane. Kodwa-ke, nangaleso sikhathi kwaziwa ukuthi ama-pygmies awaqothula ngobuningi bawo. Isikhumba se-okapi sinombala omuhle ngokungajwayelekile, velvety ngokuthinta, ngakho bekulokhu kuyisidingo sakho. Inyama yezilwane nayo ayishiyanga abathandi bokudla okumnandi.

Ngo-2013, inani lezilwane ezihlala endle lalinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 - 50. Ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2019, kwase kusele abangu-10 000. Isibalo sabakwa-okapi abahlala ezindlini zezilwane asidluli kumashumi amahlanu. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2018, izinhlobo azifakiwe kwiBhuku elibomvu, kepha lokhu kuyindaba yesikhathi kuphela. Izinyathelo zokuphepha cishe azinikezi imiphumela ngenxa yesimo sezepolitiki esinzima e-DR Congo - ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala i-okapi endle.

Kunokugcinwa kwemvelo embusweni. Inhloso yokudalwa kwabo ukugcina umphakathi we-okapi. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu ahlomile abahlali base-DR Congo ahlala ephula imingcele yokubhuka futhi aqhubeke nokubeka izicupho ezilwaneni. Imvamisa inhloso yezenzo ezinje zokudla. Abantu badla izilwane ezisengozini, futhi kunzima ukuzivikela. Ngaphandle kwabazingeli be-okapi, izindawo ezigcinwe kuzo ziheha abazingeli begolide nabendlovu.

Okunye okwenza kwehle inani labantu ukuwohloka kwezimo zokuphila. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okusheshayo sekuholele ekunyamalaleni kwe-okapi kusuka emahlathini ase-Uganda. Manje isimo siyaphindwa emahlathini asenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-DR Congo. Njengoba ingakwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kwehlathi, ama-okapi alahlekile uma uhulumeni wezwe eligcwele impi engathathi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Umphakathi wezesayensi womhlaba wonke uzama ukufaka ingcindezi kuMengameli wase-DR Congo, uFelix Chisekedi.

Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuba khona kwe-okapi, abahlali bendawo bakha amaphuzu wokubanjwa kwezilwane okusemthethweni. Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kososayensi ezindlini zoos, izilwane ziphila isikhathi eside kunasendle. Ukuqothulwa kwamalungu omndeni wendlulamthi kungavinjelwa ngokubanikeza indawo ephephile yokuhlala. ICentral Africa ayinazo izimo ezinjalo, futhi asikho isidingo sokulinda ukuxazululwa kusenesikhathi kwezingxabano zamasosha ezweni.

I-Okapi isilo esesabekayo. Umbala ongajwayelekile, isikhumba esinsundu esinsundu esinamabala, ukuzwa okubucayi okumangazayo nomqondo wokuhogela - konke lokhu kwenza ihhashi lasehlathini libe lehlukile. Ngokushesha endaweni yabo yokuhlala, ukudla, noma komunye nomunye, babhekana nezinkinga eziningi empilweni yansuku zonke. Kepha abamele abazimele nabaningi abazimele be-fauna kunzima ukuthola. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqothuka kwezinhlobo. Okapi - isilo esiwusizo emvelweni.

Ukubhebhetheka

Isifunda okuwukuphela kwendawo etholakala kuyo i-okapi yiDemocratic Republic of the Congo. I-Okapi ihlala emahlathini acinene asezindaweni ezishisayo asenyakatho nasempumalanga yezwe, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezigcinwe eSalonga, Maiko naseVirunga.

Ubungako bamanje be-okapi endle abaziwa. Njengoba i-okapi iyizilwane ezesabekayo futhi ezifihlayo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala ezweni elinezimpi zombango, kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo yazo. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, okubenza banciphise indawo yokuhlala, kungenzeka kufaka ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu. Ubuningi obulinganiselwa be-okapi buhlukahluka kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-35 kuye kwezingama-50 zabantu abaphila mahhala. Ezindaweni zomhlaba wonke zingu-160.

Umlando wokutholwa kwe-okapi

Umlando wokutholwa kwe-okapi ungenye yemizwa ephakeme kakhulu ye-zoological yezilwane yekhulu lama-20. Imininingwane yokuqala ngesilwane esingaziwa yatholwa ngonyaka we-1890 ngumhambi odumile uHenry Stanley, okwazile ukufika emahlathini ayizintombi eCongo Basin. Embikweni wakhe, uStanley uthe ama-pygmies abona amahhashi akhe awamanganga (ngokungafani nokulindelwe) futhi achaza nokuthi izilwane ezifanayo zitholakala emahlathini awo. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, lowo owayeyiRhuluneli lase-Uganda ngaleso sikhathi, u-Johnston waseNgilandi wanquma ukubheka amazwi kaStanley: imininingwane mayelana "namahhashi amahlathi" angaziwa yabonakala iyinhlekisa. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nohambo lwango-1899, uJohnston wakwazi ukuthola isiqinisekiso samazwi kaStanley: okokuqala, ama-pygmies, kanye nesithunywa sevangeli esimhlophe uLloyd, sichaze uJohnston ukubonakala "kwehhashi lasehlathini" futhi labika negama lakhona lendawo - okapi. Futhi-ke uJohnston wayebuye abe ngumphathi wecala: eFort Beni, amaBelgius amnika izingcezu ezimbili zesikhumba se-okapi. Bathunyelwa eLondon kwiRoyal Zoological Society. Ukuhlolwa kwabo kukhombisa ukuthi isikhumba akuyona eyanhlobo lwamadwala, futhi ngoDisemba 1900 isazi sezilwane sashicilela incazelo yohlobo lwesilwane esisha, silinika igama elithi "ihhashi likaJohnston." KwangoJuni 1901 kuphela lapho kuthunyelwa isikhumba esigcwele nezinsibha ezimbili eLondon, kwavela ukuthi bengebona abamahhashi, kodwa basondele emathanjeni ezilwane ezaphela kudala. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwakunguhlobo olusha ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, igama lesimanje i-okapi labhaliswa ngokusemthethweni - igama elisetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka phakathi kwama-pygmies aqhamuka emahlathini ase-Ituri. Kodwa-ke, i-okapi yahlala icishe ingafinyeleleki.

Izicelo ze-zoo nazo aziphumelelanga. Kuphela ngo-1919, i-Antwerp Zoo yathola u-okapi omncane wokuqala, owayehlala eYurophu izinsuku ezingamashumi amahlanu kuphela. Imizamo embalwa eminingi yaphela ngehluleki. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1928, intokazi yase-Okapi egama linguTele yafika e-Antwerp Zoo. Ubuye waphila kwaze kwaba ngu-1943 futhi wabulawa yindlala phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Futhi ngo-1954, wonke ama-zoo afanayo e-Antwerp, kwazalwa ikonyana lokuqala le-okapi, elashona ngokushesha. Ukutshala kokuqala ngempumelelo kwe-okapi kutholakala ngo-1956 eParis. Njengamanje e-Epulu (Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa) kunesiteshi esikhethekile sokubamba i-okapi ebukhoma.

Kuyathakazelisa

U-Okapi waba umuzwa wangempela we-zoological wekhulu le-XX. Kuze kube ngu-1890, akekho owayesola ukuthi lesi silwane esimangalisa kangaka sihlala emahlathini ashisayo aseCongo. Isihambi saseBrithani esihamba phambili, uHenry Stanley, echaza ngemizwa yaso yokuhlala kwakhe kuleli, siphawule ukuthi ama-pygmies amtshela ngamahhashi amahlathi angavamile ahlala endaweni yakubo.

Ngo-1899, uMbusi Wase-Uganda, uHarry Johnston, bathatha uhambo lokuthola amahhashi, ama-pygmies awabiza ngokuthi "okapi", futhi umsebenzi waphumelela njengomqhele. Kamuva, wathola amasampula wezikhumba ze-okapi, azidlulisela eRoyal Society yaseLondon. Ngo-1900, i-zoologist Sclater yamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukutholakala kohlobo olusha. Igama elithi Okapi, laqanjwa ama-pygmies ase-Afrika, lagcinwa njengegama elisemthethweni. Lesi silwane sanikezwa igama lezinhlobo zaseLatini ukuhlonipha isihambi saseBrithani, isibalo somphakathi, umphathi wamakoloni uHarry Johnston. Kwakunguye kanye owayengumbusi wase-Uganda, owakhombisa intshiseko enkulu "ngehhashi lasehlathini eliyinqaba", futhi wakwazi ukuhlanganisa imizamo yabantu abaningi yokuthola nokuchaza uhlobo olusha.

Indlela yokuphila, isimilo

U-Okapi, ngokungafani nemindlulamithi yezinkomo, uncamela ukuba yedwa yedwa futhi kuyaqabukela ahlangane ngamaqembu (lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ufuna ukudla). Izigaba zabantu besilisa zigoqana futhi azinayo imingcele ecacile (ngokungafani nezindawo zezinsikazi), kodwa endaweni zihlala zikhudlwana futhi zifinyelela ku-2,5-5 km2. Izilwane zidla ingxenye enkulu yosuku, zihamba buthule phakathi kokufika, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyazivumela ukuhlaselwa kwaso kuhlwe. Baphumula ebusuku, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqaphela kwabo okungokwemvelo: akumangazi ukuthi izitho zokuzwa nomqondo wokuhogela zithuthukiswa kahle kakhulu phakathi kwezinzwa eziku-okapi.

Kuyathakazelisa! UJohnston's okapi akanazintambo zezwi, ngakho-ke imisindo iyenziwa lapho umoya uthululwa. Phakathi kwabo, izilwane zikhuluma ngokukhala okuthule, ukwehlisa noma ukukhwehlela okuthule.

Ama-Okapi acocekile futhi athande ukukhotha isikhumba sawo esihle isikhathi eside, lokho okungabavimbeli ekumaka owabo umchamo. Kuliqiniso, ngabantu besilisa kuphela abashiya lephunga elinjalo, nabesifazane bazise ngobukhona babo, behlikihla izintamo zabo ngezindlala ezinephunga. Abesilisa bagcwala ezihlahleni.

Ngokulondolozwa okuhlanganyelwe, ngokwesibonelo, e-zoo, i-okapi iqala ukubheka isikhundla esiphakeme, futhi emzabalazweni wokuphakama bashaya kanzima abaphikisi babo ngamakhanda nezinselo. Lapho kutholwa ubuholi, izilwane ezivelelayo zize zibuke ngamehlo ukuzama ukwedlula ongaphansi ngokuqondisa izintambo zazo nokuphakamisela amakhanda abo phezulu. Abakwa-okapi abasezingeni eliphansi, ngenkathi bebonisa inhlonipho kubaholi, bavame ukubeka amakhanda / intamo yabo ngqo emhlabathini.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

Owesilisa kusuka kowesifazane uvame ukwehlukaniswa ngama-ossicons. Ukuphuma kwamathambo owesilisa, okuyi-12 cm ubude, kutholakala emathanjeni wangaphambili futhi kuqondiswe emuva futhi ngokungacabangi. Iziqongo zama-ossicons zivame ukungabi nalutho noma ukuphela ngamaphepha ambozwe wophondo oluncane. Iningi labesifazane alinazo izimpondo, futhi uma likhula, liphansi ngosayizi kuya kwabesilisa futhi lihlala limbozwe ngokuphelele esikhunjeni. Omunye umehluko ophathelene nombala womzimba - izintokazi ezivuthiwe ngokobulili zimnyama kunabesilisa.

Umlando Wokuthola kwe-Okapi

Umvubukuli we-okapi wayengumhambi odumile waseBrithani ongumhloli wamazwe wase-Afrika, uHenry Morton Stanley, owafika emhlanjini waseCongo ngo-1890. Kulapho ahlangana khona nama-pygmies angamangali ngamahhashi aseYurophu, ethi cishe nezilwane ezifanayo ziyazulazula emahlathini endawo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, imininingwane mayelana "namahhashi asehlathini", ebekwe komunye wemibiko kaStanley, yanquma ukubheka owesilisa waseNgilandi wesibili, uMbusi wase-Uganda uJohnston.

Icala elifanele lavela ngo-1899, lapho ingaphandle le “bhiza lasehlathini” (i-okapi) lichazwa ngumbusi ngokuningiliziwe ngababhishobhi nesithunywa sevangeli uLloyd. Ubufakazi baqala ukufika ngokulandelana: Abazingeli baseBelgium basheshe banikela ngezicucu ezi-2 zesikhumba se-okapi kuJohnston, awuthumela kuRoyal Zoological Society (London).

Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho kuvela ukuthi lezi zikhumba aziyona eyeyodwa yezinhlobo ze-zebra ezikhona, futhi ebusika bango-1900 kwachazwa isilwane esisha (umlobi - wezologist Sclater) ngaphansi kwegama elithile "ihhashi likaJohnston".

Kwathi kuphela unyaka kamuva, lapho kufika amashuni amabili nesikhumba esigcwele eLondon, kwacaca ukuthi zazikude kakhulu nokulingana, kodwa kufana nezinsalela zamadlozi endabuko engapheli. Isilwane esingaziwa bekufanele siqanjwe kabusha ngokuphuthumayo, siboleke kuma-pygmies igama laso langempela "okapi".

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

I-Okapi itholakala kuphela eDemocratic Republic of the Congo (eyake yaziwa ngokuthi yiZaire), yize kungakabi kudala kangako ukuthi ama-artiodactyls atholakale entshonalanga ne-Uganda.

Iningi lemfuyo ligxila empumalanga esenyakatho neRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo, lapho kunamahlathi amaningi wemvula angenakufinyeleleka. Abakwa-Okapi bakhetha ukuhlala eduze nezigodi zemifula nemifudlana, engaphakeme kune-0.5-1 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, lapho kukhula khona imifino eluhlaza.

Ukudla kwe-Okapi

Esihlahleni semvula esishisayo, imvamisa emahlathini awo aphansi, ama-okapi abheka amahlumela / amaqabunga euphorbiaceae nezihlahlana, kanye nezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo, ezikhipha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuyoklaba otshanini obunotshani. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezivela emindenini yezitshalo eziyi-13 zifakiwe ku-okapi fodder base, iningi layo ngezikhathi ezithile iwela ekudleni kwayo.

Futhi izinhlobo ezingama-30 zezilwane zokudla zezitshalo ezidla njalo nje. Ukudla okuhlala njalo kwe-okapi kwenziwa ngezitshalo ezidliwayo nezinobuthi (noma zenzelwe abantu):

• amaqabunga aluhlaza,
• efihlekile kanye amahlumela
• amafonti
• utshani,
• izithelo,
• amakhowe.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu yokudla kwansuku zonke iwela emaqabunga. U-Okapi uyaziklebhula ngomnyakazo oshelelayo, ngemuva kokubamba amahlumela esihlahleni ngolimi lwayo olungamasentimitha angama-40.

Ukuhlaziywa kukadoti we-okapi wasendle kukhombisa ukuthi izilwane ezikudakwamthamo omkhulu zidla amalahle, kanye nobumba olunosawoti olugcwele usawoti olugcwaliswe ngosawoti, ohlanganisa imithombo yemifudlana yasendaweni nemifula. Izazi zebhayoloji ziphakamise ukuthi ngale ndlela, ama-okapi akha ukuntuleka kosawoti wamaminerali emizimbeni yawo.

Ukuzalela inzalo

I-Okapi iqala imidlalo yokuzalela ngoMeyi - Juni noma Novemba - Disemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ziguqula umkhuba wazo wokuhlala zodwa futhi ziguqukele phambili ukuze kuqhubeke uhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuphindaphindwa, lo mbhangqwana uyahlukana, futhi konke ukukhathazeka ngenzalo kwehlela emahlombe omama. Owesifazane uphethe umbungu izinsuku ezingama-440, futhi ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa ushiya emgodini ominyene.

U-Okapi uletha eyodwa enkulu (kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-30 ​​kg) nengane ezimele ngokuphelele, ethi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 isithole ubisi ebeleni likamama, kuthi ngemuva kwengxenye yehora ikwazi ukulandela umama. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, umntwana osanda kuzalwa uvame ukulala endaweni yokukhosela (eyenziwe ngowesifazane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokubeletha), ngenkathi ethola ukudla. Umama uthola iwhole ngemisindo efana naleyo eyenziwe ngumdala okapi - ukukhwehlela, ikhwela elizwakala kahle noma i-moo ephansi.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokwenziwa ngobuqili kwendawo yokugaya, lonke ubisi lukamama lubanjelwa kwigrama lokugcina, kanti i-okapi encane ayinazo izidakamizwa (ngephunga elivela kubo), eligcina ngokuyikho ezilwaneni ezidla zangaphezulu.

Ubisi lukamama lugcinwa ekudleni kwezingane cishe kuze kube unyaka owodwa ubudala: izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala, iwundlu liyaphuza njalo, kanti izinyanga zesibili - ngezikhathi ezithile, lisebenza ezingalweni. Ngisho nokushintshela ekuzondleni, iwundlu elikhulayo linamathela ngokuqinile kunina futhi lihlala lisondele.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlangana kuqinile kuzinhlangothi zombili - umama uyaphuthuma ayovikela ingane yakhe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyingozi engakanani. Kusetshenziswa izinselo eziqinile nemilenze eqinile, alwe nayo nezitha ezicindezelayo. Ukwakheka okugcwele komzimba ezilwaneni ezisencane akupheli ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala, yize amakhono okuzala evula kakhulu ngaphambili - kubantu besifazane eneminyaka eyi-7 izinyanga, futhi emadodeni aneminyaka emi-2 izinyanga.