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Incazelo
Ku-80 kuya ku-95 cm (ama-intshi angama-31 kuye kwangama-37) ubude, ngumzingeli ophakathi nendawo ophakathi nendawo efanayo nohlobo lodadewabo, i-Indian vulture. Le ndondo impunga kakhulu ngombala onsundu kanye nesembozo esimpunga somsila. Okhalweni babe fluff olumhlophe. Intamo yinde, yeze, inqunu futhi imnyama. Ikhanda elimnyama linama-angular futhi lincane ngombhalo omnyama obonakala umfishane phakathi. Umgodi indlebe iyisizwe esivelele futhi wadalula.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomdwebo omfishane
ITokokljuvy vulture inosayizi acishe abe ngu-103 cm. Isisindo - kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-2.6 kg.
nenqe Izacile-akhokhiswa (Gyps tenuirostris).
Le ndondo iphakathi ngosayizi futhi ibukeka inzima kunesibonakaliso seNdiya (isibonakaliso samaGyps), kepha amaphiko ayo amafushane kancanyana futhi uqhwaku lwayo alunamandla kangako, kepha luncane kakhulu. Ikhanda nentamo kumnyama. Esikhathini izimpaphe kukhona ukungabi ezisobala fluff emhlophe. Ngemuva nomlomo futhi kumnyama kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kukhona imibimbi nokusonga okujulile entanyeni nasekhanda, okuvame ukungabonakali entanyeni yaseNdiya. Indlebe ukuvuleka kukhona ebanzi futhi esikufezile.
Iris imnyama nsundu. I-Waxwort imnyama ngokuphelele. amanqe Young mncane-akhokhiswa zifana izinyoni omdala, kodwa abe ukuphaphatheka phansi ngemuva ekhanda futhi isiphundu. Isikhumba entanyeni simnyama kakhulu.
Umuthi omfishane omncane uphakathi ngosayizi futhi ubukeka usinda
Fine-akhokhiswa Vulture izindawo
Amaqhubu amancane akhokhwayo ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezindaweni, ezindaweni eziphansi ezinokhuni futhi ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Zingabonakala kaningi endaweni eseduze nedolobhana nalapho kuxhelwe khona. EMyanmar, lezi Izinyoni ezidla inyama ngokuvamile itholakala e "nenqe zokudla," okuyinto ayizindawo lapho ingcuba selibekiwe zokondla amanqe uma kukhona ukudla okwanele ngemvelo. Lezi zindawo, njengomthetho, zitholakala ebangeni elingamamitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-1,200, futhi lapho zihlala ziletha izilwane ezifile ukuze kusinde izinyoni eziphethwe.
Amaqhuqhuva akhokhwayo kancane ahlala ezindaweni ezomile ezivulelekile ezindaweni zokuhlala kwabantu, kodwa futhi enza isidleke ezindaweni ezivulekile kude nezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala.
Izacile-akhokhiswa amanqe bahlala ezivulekile
Isivini esinqunyiwe
Umlimi omfishane othanda ukusakazeka usakazeka endaweni enamagquma ezintabeni zeHimalaya, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya (izwe laseHaryana), ukuya eningizimu yeCambodia, Nepal, Assam neBurma. Senzeka India, enyakatho, kuhlanganise ethafeni Indo-Gangetic, entshonalanga, okungenani uhlala Himachal Pradesh futhi Punjab. Uhla lufinyelela eningizimu - eSouth West Bengal (futhi mhlawumbe neNorth Orissa), empumalanga emathafeni ase-Assam, nasezindaweni eziseningizimu yeNepal, enyakatho nephakathi neBangladesh. Izici zokuziphatha komvini omfishane okhokhelwa.
Ukuziphatha nenqe mncane-akhokhiswa kakhulu efana ukuziphatha kwezinye izinhlelo amanqe ezihlala ezwekazini laseNdiya.
Zitholakala, njengomthetho, ngamaqembu amancane kanye nabanye abadli bezidumbu. Imvamisa izinyoni zihlala eziqongweni zezihlahla noma zesundu. Bachitha ebusuku ngaphansi ophahleni lwezindlu belahlwa noma ezindongeni ubudala eduze Slaughterhouse, endaweni yokulahla udoti eyayingaphandle emaphethelweni esigodi nezakhiwo eduze. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, konke kungcoliswa ngemfucumfucu, okubangela ukufa kwezihlahla, uma izidlovukazi zizisebenzisa isikhathi eside njenge-perch. Kulokhu, izimpungushe ezingakhokhelwa zilimaza ukulima kwemango, izintende zezandla zikakhukhunathi nezingadi uma zihlala phakathi kwazo.
Ukuziphatha nenqe mncane-akhokhiswa kakhulu efana ukuziphatha kwezinye izinhlelo amanqe ezihlala ezwekazini laseNdiya.
Izimpungushe ezinemikhawulo emincane ziyasaba abantu futhi zibaleka lapho zisondela, zisongela amaphiko azo emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidleke ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngokubabazekayo ngokubabazekayo esibhakabhakeni futhi zikhuphuke ngaphandle kokuphapha ngamaphiko. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ukuhlola endaweni ziyofuna ukudla, futhi bahambe amabanga amade ukuthola izilwane ezifile. Amaqhubu amancane akhokhiswa amahora amaningi endiza emibuthanweni. Banombono obukhali ngokumangazayo ongakwazi ukubona ukuthwebula ngokushesha, noma ngabe kufihlwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Ngesivinini ucinge khona iqhude kanye izinja, anikeza isiqondiso ezengeziwe amanqe nge phambi kwabo.
Isidumbu sibuye sidliwe ngesikhathi serekhodi: kusuka kuma-60 kuye kwangama-70 amaqhubu ngokuhlangene akwazi ukusula isidumbu sika-125 kg ngemizuzu engama-40. Ukufakwa kwesisulu kuhambisana nokuqina nokuxabana, lapho amantshontsho eziphatha ngokwedlulele ngomsindo, amemeze, amemeze, agxize kanye nalapho.
Izacile-akhokhiswa amanqe bayabesaba abantu babaleke njengoba zisondela
Ukuhlaselwa ngokweqile, ukuwa, imidlwane ekhokhwa mncane iyaphoqelelwa ukuchitha ubusuku phansi, ingakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni. Ukuze ziphakamise imizimba yazo esindayo, izimpungushe kufanele zisabalale, zenze amaphiko amakhulukazi. Kodwa ukudla abakudlayo ayikuvumeli ukuba ozakwenyukela emoyeni. Imvamisa emikhawulo emincane iyaphoqelelwa ukuthi ilinde izinsuku eziningana ukuze ukudla kugaywe. Ngesikhathi sokudla, amachwane akha amaqoqo amakhulu futhi aphumule endaweni yokubumbana. Lezi izinyoni kwezenhlalo futhi ngokuvamile ingxenye umhlambi conspecific, ukuba sizihlanganise namanye amanqe uma edla izidumbu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-voul ekhokhelwa kancane
Izidleke ezinemikhawulo emincane kusukela ku-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi. Bona akha izidleke ezinkulu ezihlangene, okuyinto abe obuphelele ezisukela 60 kuya kwangu-90 cm kanye ka-35 kuya ku-50 cm ukujula Isidleke itholakala ezingeni ukuphakama 7 -. 16 amamitha ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba esihlahleni esikhulu ezikhulayo eduze nedolobhana. Kukhona iqanda elilodwa kuphela ku-clutch, ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50.
Cishe ama-87% amachwane asinda.
amanqe Izacile-akhokhiswa akha izidleke ezinkulu ezihlangene
Isimo sokulondolozwa komvini omfishane okhokhiswa
Umdwebo okhokhiswe intambo KAKULULA KAKHULU. Ukusetshenziswa ingcuba ziphathwe amakhemikhali buyingozi ethile nenqe. Inhlwathi ekhishwa kancane yanyamalala eThailand naseMalaysia, amanani ayo ayaqhubeka ehla eningizimu yeCambodia, izinyoni ziphila ngenxa yokudla okunikezwe ngabantu. ENepal, Southeast Asia and India, lolu hlobo lwenyoni yezinyamazane nalo alunawo umsoco.
Nenqe mncane-akhokhiswa libhekwa njengenhlangano ngezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Inani elikhulu lezinyoni e-Indian subcontinent zafa nge-diclofenac elwa nokuvuvukala, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha imfuyo. Lesi sidakamizwa sibangela ukwehluleka kwezinso, ngenxa yalokho kufa kwamanqe. Naphezu izinhlelo zemfundo ukuthi kuhlinzeke imininingwane ngokufinyelela kwi umphumela anobuthi zomuthi ku izinyoni, bendawo uyaqhubeka ukuyisebenzisa.
Umdwebo okhokhiswa kancane ubalwa njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela
Umuthi wesibili wezilwane osetshenziswa eNdiya, i-ketoprofen, ubuye ubulale i-toxocep vulture. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi khona yayo ingcuba e lokuhlala eyanele angabangela ukufa kwezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izizathu ezithinta ukwehla kwenombolo ye-toklyuvloi vulture:
- ukuncishiswa esabelweni senyama ekudleni komuntu,
- sanitization yezilwane ezifile
- "bird flu",
- ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukuqothulwa pheze ephelele nenqe mncane-akhokhiswa futhi umphumela ukushabalala ezincelisayo zasendle ezinkulu.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2009, ukuze kulondolozwe i-voul ekhokhelwa mncane, uhlelo lokufakwa kabusha kwezinhlobo zezilwane selusePincore naseHaryana.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Isimo Nesivikelo
Le nhlobo ihlaselwe ukuhla kwamanani ayo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Inani labantu balezi zinhlobo nentambo yaseNdiya lehlile ngamaphesenti angama-97 lilonke kanti eNdiya izinga lokwehla kwezinsuku zombili kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo lifinyelela ku-16% esikhathini sika-2000-2007. imiphakathi Wild ahlale enyakatho nasempumalanga India ngokusebenzisa eningizimu Nepal neBangladesh, elinabantu encane eBurma. Indawo okuyiyo yodwa eyakha isidleke eSoutheast Asia esifundazweni iSteung Treng yaseCambodia. Leli koloni kukholakala ukuthi lingabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50-100. sokusinda Vulture eCambodia kungenzeka ngokwengxenye ngenxa diclofenac, okuyinto esiwubuthi amanqe, ayitholakali khona. I-Royal Society for the Protection of birds (RSPB) ibeke inani elilinganisiwe lama-Thin-Billed Vultures ahlala ngaphandle kwe-1000 ngonyaka we-2009 futhi ukuqagela kokuqothulwa kwezinga lokuqothulwa kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo phakathi kwabantu basendle.
Umlimi omfishane okhokhelwayo uyizinhlobo ezivikelwe ezifakwe kuhlu lwesithasiselo II se-CITES selokhu ubuningi bawo behle kakhulu. ukwehla Its ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukusetshenziswa non-steroidal izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) diclofenac ekusebenzeni izilwane zasemapulazini. I-Diclofenac inobuthi ezinhlafunweni, ibangele ukwehluleka kwezinso, futhi ithathelwa indawo yi-meloxicam (enye i-NSAID), engeyona ubuthi emadungwini. Ukuthengiswa kwe-diclofenac akuvunyelwe ngumthetho eNdiya, noma kunjalo, i-diclofenac isatholakala ngokungemthetho futhi isetshenziselwe imfuyo.
izinhlelo ezithunjiwe-yokuzalanisa India aim ukonga zilwane, futhi likhona ithemba lokuthi amanqe kungenziwa ikhishwe zaya ehlathini lapho imvelo ayiveli diclofenac. Imizamo ehlanganyelwe phakathi kweRussian Union yaseNorth-West Banks kanye neLondon Zoological Society ngenxa yokuqothulwa kokuqala ngempumelelo ngo-2009, ama-Thin-Billed Vultures amabili aqhekeka futhi akhuliswa ngokuzimela eHaryana nase West Bengal.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
Curlew Small-akhokhiswa inyoni naphakathi. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungafinyelela ku-40 cm, kuthi amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-88. Ngaphandle, afana kakhulu nokhalo olujwayelekile (Numenius phaeopus). I-nyembamba kuphela ekhokhiswa umzimba onobuhle obuhle kakhulu nombala wayo. I izimpaphe le nyoni kuba lemicu empunga elinamathela othini onsundu kwaphezulu ngemivimbo eziningi futhi izilongotshane. Ehlangothini olungaphansi lumbozwe izindawo ezincane ezikhanyayo. Owesilisa nowesifazane banombala ofanayo, umlomo wensikazi kuphela ovame ukuba mude. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sici kusiza abamele nabesifazane ezahlukene ukugwema Umncintiswano ukudla nomunye.
Uhlala kuphi
I-curlyw - i-endemic eya eRussia. Okokugcina lapho isidalwa okuwukuphela kwaso salolu hlobo lwenyoni satholakala ngo-1924 esifundeni sase-Omsk. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube khona idatha okunokwethenjelwa kumasayithi Curlew yokwakha isidleke. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi izidleke zezinyoni eThaiga laseSiberia. Kuyaziwa ngokweqiniso ukuthi ama-curlews aya ebusika emazweni aseMedithera.
Indlela yokuphila
Curlew Izacile-akhokhiswa ingenye izinyoni eziyivelakancane emhlabeni, ngakho kuncane kakhulu mayelana biology yayo kanye nendlela yokuphila ezaziwayo. Ukuphazanyiswa, i-curlew yenza ikhwela elihoshozelayo, bese kuba nemisindo enkulu ethi "bi, bi, bi, bi". Ngenxa yalesi sici, abantu baseSiberia banikeza le nyoni igama lesidlaliso lesiteketiso. Wakhe evamile izwi imisindo enjengokuthi "kurli, kurli", yingakho igama English Curlew uvele - Curlew. Ngokusho kokutholwe okumbalwa, kwatholakala ukuthi isidleke se-Curly curlew ukucindezela okuncane emhlabathini, kufakwe kancane ngotshani. Ngokuvamile kukhona amaqanda amane ku-clutch.
Lokhu zezinyoni izifunzo ku ezingenamgogodla ezincane: izinambuzane futhi izibungu zabo, nemisundu eminingi, mollusk lapho uthole nge uqhwaku eside mncane daka viscous, inhlabathi noma daka. Kungakho ama-curlews evame ukukhetha izindawo ezinomanzi kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho ithuba livela, ikhubalo elimfishane libamba inyamazane yalo ngqo ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngaphandle kwesizini zizalela, it phathelana zwa bazana ngaphezulu inyamazane kuqhathaniswa izihlobo sayo esiseduze.
Kuyathakazelisa
UCurlew uboniswa isifanekiselo seRussia bird Conservation Union. Ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yale nhlangano, kumenyezelwe umncintiswano we-logo enhle kakhulu. Tholakele 26 imidwebo zabaculi abacula umculo ocishe eziyishumi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umdwebo ophakanyiswe ngumculi nodokotela wamazinyo u-Eugene Koblik uwinile. Akutholakalanga ukuthi uphumelele kakhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi kungokomfanekiso ojulile. Phela, isiphetho zilwane kuzoncika Ochwepheshe Russian ngezindlela eziningi. Masibe nethemba lokuthi basazokwazi ukuthola iziza zokudlela ama-Curlew amancane futhi bagcine izinhlobo ezingandile endaweni ehlala kuyo pristine!
Encwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia
Ama-curlew amancane noma amancane i-curlew ayizilwane ezingandile kakhulu hhayi nje amaRussia kuphela, kodwa nezilwane zomhlaba. Amashumi eminyaka, ososayensi bebelokhu bezama ukuthola ubufakazi bokuthi le nyoni alukapheli endle. Usesho lwenziwa bobabili ngemikhumbi emikhulu yezesayensi nangabathanda kakhulu, abahamba bodwa baye emakhoneni angafinyeleleki kakhulu eRussia. Cishe njalo ukutholakala kwaloluhlobo kuyivelakancane futhi kungabodwa. Uma ornithologists ukuphatha ukuthola okungenani izinyoni eyodwa noma ezintathu, lokhu kubhekwa kuphumelele ngempela. Ngokwezibalo eziphezulu kakhulu, ngabameli abangama-50 kuphela balezi zinhlobo abasindayo emvelweni! I-Curlew ekhokhiswa okuncane ukuphela kwezinhlobo zezinyoni zaseYurophu ezingaziwa iziza zazo ezizaliswayo.
Incazelo yokuhlukanisa SIP
Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imikhiqizo, ucingo lwe-SIP luyinto ethwala njengamanje yokuhambisa ugesi, etholakala ngezinhlamvu ezintathu zegama:
- C - kusho ukuthi ucingo luyazisekela,
- Futhi - kubonisa khona ukwahlukanisa emhlabeni babashayeli bukhoma,
- U-P - uthi lokhu kungucingo ngokuqondile, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwenhlanganisela yokufaka nokufaka amagatsha eceleni, ngoba kungalinganiswa nentambo.
Cabanga ngesibonelo sokuqanjwa okunje - i-SIP-1-3 × 20 + 1 × 25-0.4, lapha i-SIP-1 isho uphawu lomkhiqizo, i-3 × 20 ikhombisa ukuthi abaqhubi abathathu ababodwa banesigaba sokuwela esingu-20 mm 2 lilinye, i-1 × 25 isho ukuthi zero core has a ingxenye evundlile 25 mm 2, 0.4 kuyinto voltage okuzisholo zalolu hlobo locingo.
Ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile, izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziphambili zamawaya we-SIP ziyahlukaniswa, kukhonjiswa izinombolo ezihambisanayo ngemuva kokuqanjwa kweleta. Ekugcineni, kungahle kube nencwadi eyodwa ekhombisa umehluko wokuklanywa nezimpawu zokusebenza. Lezi umehluko brand izintambo ukuzisekela ukushisa namakhaza zinqunywa design imingcele, ngakho-ke ngeke kufaneleke kakhulu ukucabangela nabo izibonelo eziqondile.
Idizayini
Ngokuhlelekile, zonke izinhlobo zezintambo ze-SIP ziqukethe abaqhubi abenziwe ngendlela ethile nenombolo enikeziwe, eyodwa yayo engasebenza njengentambo esekelayo yomugqa.
Ngu uhlobo, bayehluka ngale ndlela:
- I-SIP-1 - wire-wire ezine lapho ngamunye cores emelelwa abaqhubi ezisontekile isihlobo komunye nomunye. Kulesi brand wire ukuzisekela ukushisa namakhaza, ezintathu kuzo ziba eyenzelwe izigaba ezintathu futhi anemisila ukwahlukanisa Thermoplastic, futhi eyesine zero okukhipha, kodwa hhayi ngci. Kuyi-conductor engathathi hlangothi, ucingo oluphakathi lwenziwe ngensimbi futhi luyiphathi. Uma kunencwadi u-A ekugcineni kokumaka (i-SIP-1A), ukuphuma kwe-zero kuzobe kufakwe ukufakwa.
Fig. 1: Ukwakhiwa kwentambo kwe-SIP-1
- I-SIP-2 - okufanayo ezine-wire inguqulo njengoba lowo odlule, ne umehluko kuphela nokuba ukuthi wire kokungathathi hlangothi has ukwahlukanisa. Ehlobo lwakudala, umgogodla we-zero ufakwa nge-thermoplastic polyethylene, nakuma-SIP-2A brand, i-polyethylene exhunywe ngophawu, kanye nezigaba zesigaba. Inketho yesibili isetshenziselwa izindawo ezinokuvezwa okukhulu kwezinto zasemkhathini. Thanda sha langaphambilini, yilo SIP isetshenziswa imigqa engafinyelela kwengu-1 kV.
U-fig. 2: Ukwakhiwa kwentambo kwe-SIP-2
- SIP-3 - ngokungafani nemikhiqizo yangaphambilini, yinguqulo eyodwa yomsuka ye-wire bukhoma. Ngokuhlelekile, maphakathi nale SIP kukhona ucingo oluphethe insimbi, luzungezwe abaqhubi be-aluminium yamanje. Kusetshenziswa emigqeni yamandla aphezulu enevolthi engu-6 - 35 kV ukubeka izigaba ngaphezulu kwamabanga amade.
U-fig. 3: ukwakhiwa kocingo nge-SIP-3
- I-SIP-4 - Kuhlelo olubili lapho isisekelo ngasinye sinezimbili zaso, kepha, ngokungafani nalokhu okwedlule, asinayo into esekelayo kanye nocingo olungathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo olunjalo alunakusetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwemigqa, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuqhekeka kwalo ngaphansi kokuthonywa imithwalo yomoya. Njengokufaka, i-thermoplastic polyethylene isetshenziswa lapha. Kunokuhlukahluka komkhiqizo ngehlamvu H (SIP-4N), okubonisa ukuthi izinto ezithwala njengamanje zenziwa nge-aluminium alloyum, uma uhlamvu H lungekho, kusetshenziswa ucingo lwe-aluminium oluyimfihlo ohlotsheni oluthile.
U-fig. 4: Ukwakhiwa kwentambo kwe-SIP-4
- I-SIP-5 - Ifana ngokuphelele nomkhiqizo owedlule - nayo inama-cores futhi ayinayo i-waya engathathi hlangothi enesici sokusekela. Umehluko kuphela uhlobo lokufakelwa oluhlanganisa abaqhubi; kumabanga we-SIP-5 ne-SIP-5N yi-polyethylene exhumeke nexhumano, evumela ukukhuphula umkhawulo wokushisa okusebenzayo kuya kuma-30%.
U-fig. 5: Ukwakhiwa kwentambo kwe-SIP-5
Imininingwane
Lapho ukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwentambo ye-SIP, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuhambisana kwezimpawu namapharamitha ngezidingo zomthengi ngamunye kanye nendlela yokubeka.
Kulokhu, izici ezilandelayo zobuchwepheshe ziyabalwa:
- Inani le-cores - njengomthetho, amamodeli anenombolo yezinto ezithwala manje ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 asetshenzisiwe,
- Isigaba - samamodeli ehlukile ocingo oluzisekelayo oluzisebenzelayo, le paramente iyahluka kusuka ku-16 iye ku-240 mm²,
- Isigaba se-Voltage - kunezigaba ezimbili sezizonke - ukuya ku-1 kV (SIP-1, 2, 4, 5) kuze kufike ku-35 kV (SIP-3),
- Imodi yokushisa - isho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, lapho ucingo luzokhipha ugesi isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimingcele,
- Ukushisa okuvumelekile kwesikhashana esifushane - kungahle kube khona ezimweni eziphuthumayo, kepha akumele kudlule amahora angaphezu kwangu-8 ukusuka kumthwalo waminyaka yonke,
- I-radius Bending - inquma amandla okugoba ucingo ngaphandle kokuphula amandla e-mehendi wokufakelwa kanye nezakhiwo zayo ze-dielectric.
Zonke izici zobuchwepheshe ngokuqhathanisa yonke imikhiqizo zikhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi:
Ithebula liqhathanisa izici zezimpawu ze-SIP
Umaki wensimbi | I-SIP-1 | I-SIP-2 | I-SIP-3 | I-SIP-4 | I-SIP-5 |
Inani lamanje imithambo evundlayo, ama-pcs | 1 ÷ 4 | 1 ÷ 4 | 1 | 2 — 4 | 2 — 4 |
Ingxenye yesiphambano, mm2 | 16 ÷ 120 | 16 ÷ 120 | 35 ÷ 240 | 16 ÷ 120 | 16 ÷ 120 |
Ukuthwala umongo we-Zero | i-aluminium alloy (enezinsimbi zensimbi) | i-aluminium alloy (enezinsimbi zensimbi) | ulahlekile | ulahlekile | ulahlekile |
Toko umongo wokuziphatha | i-aluminium | i-aluminium | i-aluminium alloy (enezinsimbi zensimbi) | i-aluminium | i-aluminium |
Isigaba se-Voltage, kV | 0.4 ÷ 1 | 0.4 ÷ 1 | 10 ÷ 35 | 0.4 ÷ 1 | 0.4 ÷ 1 |
Uhlobo lokufakelwa komongo | i-thermoplastic polyethylene | ukuzinza okukhanyayo. polyethylene | ukuzinza okukhanyayo. polyethylene | i-thermoplastic polyethylene | ukuzinza okukhanyayo. polyethylene |
Ukushisa okusebenzayo | -60 о С ÷ +50 о С | -60 о С ÷ +50 о С | -60 о С ÷ +50 о С | -60 о С ÷ +50 о С | -60 о С ÷ +50 о С |
Ukushisa okuyisisekelo okuvumelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza | + 70 ° C | +90 ° C | + 70 ° C | +90 ° C | +90 ° C |
min wire wire radius | akukho ngaphansi kwe-10 Ø | akukho ngaphansi kwe-10 Ø | akukho ngaphansi kwe-10 Ø | akukho ngaphansi kwe-10 Ø | akukho ngaphansi kwe-10 Ø |
Isikhathi sempilo | hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 | hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 | hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 | hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 | hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 |
Ukusebenza | amagatsha avela ngaphezulu kwemigqa, - Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla ezakhiweni zokuhlala, - Ikhaya. izakhiwo | amagatsha avela ngaphezulu kwemigqa, - Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla ezakhiweni zokuhlala, - Ikhaya. izakhiwo | ukufakwa kwemigqa ebheke phezulu ngevolthi engu-6-35 kV | amagatsha avela ngaphezulu kwemigqa, - Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla ezakhiweni zokuhlala, - Ukubekwa odongeni lwezakhiwo nezakhiwo. | amagatsha avela ngaphezulu kwemigqa, - Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla ezakhiweni zokuhlala, - Ukubekwa odongeni lwezakhiwo nezakhiwo. |
Izimo zokubeka
Ngenxa yokuthi ekwakhiweni kwezintambo zokuzisekela ezizisebenzelayo azidingeki amakhono akhethekile, kungenziwa ekhaya nasekhaya ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwenhlangano ekhethekile. Ukubekwa kungenziwa kokubili kusekela nakwizakhi zesakhiwo zezakhiwo nezakhiwo. Njengomthetho, ukubopha izindonga kulula kakhulu kunokwesekwa yodwa.
Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngemibandela yokufaka kocingo lwe-SIP kuzisekele zokhonkolo eziqinisiwe:
- Njengoba ucingo lokuzifaka oluzisekelayo lune-sheath enokufakelwa, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokumiswa okuqeda ukulimala kongqimba lwe-dielectric. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufakelwa ama-rolling epulasitiki, amagilebhisi nangezimbaza, lapho ucingo lungahamba ngokukhululeka.
- Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeka, kwenqatshelwe ukudonswa kocingo oluzixhasa ngokwalo emhlabathini noma emagatsheni esihlahla, ngoba kungalimaza ukufakwa kwalo.
- Ukujoyina izigaba ezahlukahlukene zocingo oluzisekelayo oluzisebenzisayo, kuyasetshenziswa izinhlobo zokubhoboza uhlobo. Ngenxa yalomklamo, kungenzeka ukuphambukisa umugqa kusuka kokukhona okukhona noma kungaphansi kwamandla kagesi.
- Ngaphambi kokulungiswa ukwesekwa, ucingo lwe-SIP kumele kudonswe entweni ethathekayo (kumabanga we-SIP 1 kuya ku-3 kusetshenziswa i-dynamometer kuze kube yilapho umthwalo ojwayelekile usethiwe). Ngemuva kokudweba ihlelwe endaweni yokulungiswa.
Zonke izinqobelo zenziwe ngefektri, ngakho-ke zingatholakala zigcwaliswe ngocingo oluzisekelayo oluzosebenzisa kalula, oluzokwenza lula umsebenzi.
U-fig. I-6: Isibonelo sokufaka ucingo lwe-SIP kusekelo
Isicelo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Ngenxa yobukhona bokufakelwa, i-SIP inobubanzi obubanzi. Imvamisa kakhulu isetshenziselwa ukufaka ugesi esakhiweni, futhi ngenxa yesendlalelo sokufakelwa kwangaphandle, izinyathelo ezengeziwe namadivayisi awadingeki lapho kudlula izindonga. Futhi, ucingo oluzisekelayo oluzisekelayo lungasetshenziselwa izintambo zasendaweni zamanethiwekhi endaweni yonke yesikhungo noma lapho kuxhunywa ababhalisile emigqeni yenhlangano yokunikezela ngogesi. Indawo ehlukile yokusebenza kwe-SIPs yimigqa yesibhakela enikeza amandla kuyo yonke imizana noma ukufakwa okuhanjiswa.
Ngokuqhathanisa neminye imikhiqizo yekhebula nemikhiqizo ye-wire, i-SIP inezinzuzo eziningi, ezizezi:
- Izintambo ze-SIP zinokuphendula okuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezingenalutho,
- Akudingi ukufakwa kwezinye insulators ezindaweni zokunamathiselwa kwizisekelo, izindonga nalapho ungena esakhiweni ngenxa yobukhona besendlalelo esifakayo,
- Kuthatha isikhala esincane ngenxa yokuthi izintambo ziqoqene ndawonye,
- Ayikhonjelwa ekulimaleni kokugqwala ngenxa yobukhona besendlalelo esivikelayo,
- Ungesabi ukufaka ngaphezulu kwezigaba eziseduze ngaphansi kwemithwalo yomoya enamandla,
- Ukuthathwa kwamandla ngokungemthetho ngokuqaqa izintambo kwenza kube nzima
Okubi kocingo lwe-SIP kufanele kube yisisindo esikhulu semitha esebenzayo, ngenxa yokuthi izikhala ezidinga ukuncishiswa futhi izisekeli zibekwe kaningi. Kanye nesidingo sokufakwa okungeziwe kwemikhakha ethile yezakhiwo nabathengi.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu
Ukuze ugweme inkathazo lapho uthenga ucingo noma ikhebula, kufanele unake hhayi kuphela emingceleni eyinhloko yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi nakumenzi wawo. Njengoba amamodeli asezingeni eliphansi angaba nesigaba sesiphambano esincane, ukuqina kwe-dielectric ephansi kuya ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvezwa, njll. Uma usuvele uthenge ucingo oluzisekelayo oluzisekelayo futhi ungaqiniseki ngekhwalithi yalo, hlola ukuthi isigaba sophambano siyahambelana nalesi esishiwo kwipasipoti. Ungayinquma kanjani ingxenye yesiphambano ekhaya echazwe ngayo yi-athikili ehambisanayo - https://www.asutpp.ru/kak-opredelit-sechenie-provoda-ili-zhil-kabelya.html.
Uma uzothenga i-SIP kuphela, naka abakhiqizi abanjalo:
- Intambo ye-Kama
- I-Rybinskkabel,
- I-GC "Iyabonakala,
- Moskabel.
Usebenzisa izintambo zezitshalo ezingenhla, ungaqiniseka ngokuhambisana kwazo nezimpawu ezimenyeziwe.