- Swordsmen (lat.Xiphophorus) luhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngobuhlalu zomndeni uPecilia (Poeciliidae) we-oda Carp-like (uCyprinodontiformes).
Sisatshalaliswa emanzini amasha eCentral America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras) naseMexico. Umbala ushintsha usuka kumnyama uye kolamula.
Izinhlobo eziningana zithandwa phakathi kwama-aquarists.
Imiqondo ehlobene (iyaqhubeka)
Le ndatshana imayelana nezinhlanzi zasemanzini, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-goby mandarin duck. Ukuze uthole izinhlanzi ezinamanzi acwebezelayo abizwa ngokuthi yi-Chinese perch, bheka i-perch Chinese.Idatha laseMandarin (ngesiLatin: Synchiropus splendidus) luhlobo lwenhlanzi encane enemibala egqamile evela emndenini waseLyre (Callionymidae).
Uma sithatha ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezi-aquarium ezithwala bukhoma, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zikulawulo oluhlukile. Kususelwa ekuhlukaniselweni kweB. Posekert (eJalimane), echaza izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezi-aquarium viviparous. Akuzona zonke izinhlanzi ngamaqembu noma i-genera ezi-viviparous. Akuzona zonke izinhlanzi ze-viviparous ezisetafuleni, ngoba eziningi azikwazi ukugcinwa emanzini noma ziyilwandle (ngokwesibonelo, oshaka be-viviparous).
Izici:
Lezi zinhlanzi zivela eMelika Ephakathi futhi zitholakala emanzini aseHonduras, eMexico naseGuatemala. Izinkemba zasendle zibonakala ngombala ophelile, uma ziqhathaniswa namatshe e-aquarium. I-Xiphophorus hellerii ingaphila zombili ekugijimeni futhi emanzini, ezindaweni lapho kunama-algae amaningi nezinambuzane.
I-Xiphophorus hellerii ibukeka inkulu kakhulu - owesilisa unesayizi womzimba ongu-10-11 cm, insikazi inkulu - 12 cm, abamele i-aquarium bancane. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni: iminyaka engama-3-5. Umbala womzimba ungahluka - ezinhlobonhlobo zasendle, isikali esikhanyayo somnqumo ophuzi, emadodeni umsila omude uphakama. Olubomvu, luhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, onabala, mnyama - ngalinye lalaba bantu abasebenza izinkemba lingatholakala ezindlini zasekhaya.
I-dimorphism yezocansi iveziwe: emgqonyeni we-caudal wowesifazane akukho mude omncane ophansi ngendlela “yenkemba”, owesilisa unayo. Owesilisa une-anal fin eligoqiwe yaba yi- “tube” (gonopodia). I-anal anal yabesifazane iyindilinga futhi ibanzi. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-chromosomes ocansi, kwesinye isikhathi amadoda asenkemba angalushintsha ucansi - izintokazi zikhulisa umsila ongaphansi komsila, futhi zinakekele ezinye izintokazi.
Bukela ividiyo ewusizo ekugcineni amasosha.
Imithetho yokuqukethwe
Amapharamitha afanelekayo emvelo yasemanzini lapho izinhlanzi zingenzeka khona yilezi: lokushisa: 22-26 ° C, acidity 6.5-7.5 pH, ubulukhuni - isilinganiso esingu-5 kuye ku-15 °. Ukunakekelwa okuphelele kungaqinisekiswa ngokuhlunga kusetshenziswa isihlungi sangaphakathi, ukufakwa kwamasonto onke kwama-20% amanzi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile. Qiniseka ukuthi uvala ithangi ngesivimbo - amasondo asenkemba ayasebenza kakhulu futhi ayagxuma.
Izitshalo ezinde ezinamaqabunga amancane noma abanzi zilungele umhlobiso: i-elodea, i-cryptocoryne, i-anubias, i-echinodorus, iqabunga lomcibisholo, i-wallisneria nabanye. Njengomhlabathi, isihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe afanelekile. Faka okokukhosela okuningi ethangini ukuze abesifazane bakwazi ukucasha kulaka lwamaduna.
Ukondla kufanele kuhluka: nikeza ukudla okukhona, okubandayo, okwomile nokutshala izitshalo. Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-Swordsmen adla izitshalo kanye ne-algae, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-fiber ekudleni kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla okuhle. I-Xiphophorus hellerii idla ama-bloodworms, ishubhu, i-corotra, i-cyclops, i-daphnia, i-artemia, izibungu zezinambuzane, ulethisi nesipinashi, ukudla okune-spirulina. Unganikeza futhi nemigqumo ecwilayo, amafulethi enophawu.
Bheka umhlambi wezinkemba.
Izinhlobo
I-Red Swordsman ifomu eli-hybrid le-Green Swordsman neRed Pecilia. Kubonakaliswa ngumthunzi okhanyayo wesikali, lo mbala obomvu watholakala ngenxa yokukhethwa okunzima kwabantu abadala. Ukunakekela izinhlanzi kulula, kuvumelana kalula ne-aquarium ejwayelekile. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ukuze ligcine: 22-25 ° C, acidity 6.5-7.5 pH, hardness medium.
IBlack Swordsman iyinzalo yeGreen Swordsman neBlack Pecilia. Umzimba mude futhi umfishane, umbala wesikali umnyama velvety, ubomvu ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amehlo aconsisa amathe ngomnyama. Ukuzalela lokhu kuzala kuyinkinga impela, ngoba insikazi ingathola i-melanosis - ukugcotshwa ngokweqile kwesikhumba. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ingaba inzalo, ngakho-ke ukuzalanisa kungenzeka ngamapharamitha afanele amanzi. Ukuvikela ukonakala kohlobo, izinhlobo zezinsikazi akufanele ziwele nabesilisa bezinye izinhlobo. Izithonjana ezinhle zitholakala ngokuwela okujwayelekile komuntu ogwaza inkemba eluhlaza kanye nepecilia emnyama.
UCalico Swordsman - igama lakhe libonga umbala okathathu wesikali. Amabloksi amnyama nabomvu asakazeke ngemuva kwesizinda esimhlophe. Ukudaya kuyinkinga futhi - kunzima impela ukufuya umbala we-calico. Kulezi zinsuku, abathandi be-aquarium bazama ukusebenzisa amadwala ePecilia kanye "nezinkemba" ukuthola umphumela omuhle, kepha kuze kube manje abaphumelelanga.
I-rainbow Xiphophorus hellerii luhlobo lwe-hybrid olutholakala ngokuwela izinkemba zamhlophe zaseBulgaria. Umbala wesikali uluhlaza grey, ngombala o-orenji, imichilo ebomvu ngokubomvu ibonakala kuso. La manzi apendwe ngethoni ebomvu-ye-orange.
I-Tiger red-emabala ebomvu i-Xiphophorus hellerii - ukuzalaniswa kwalungiswa ngeminyaka yama-40 yekhulu lamashumi amabili eMoscow. Umbala wesikali uyi-ruby, kukhona amabala amnyama kuso. Imisebe ephansi yomsila yinde, i-melanosis ayivelakancane. Lapho kuzalaniswa, kungakuhle ukuthi ungakhethi inhlanzi enamaphiko amnyama acwebile amnyama kanye nengxenye emnyama yangaphambi kwecala.
Incazelo, ukubukeka
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zama-hybrid ziyaziwa, zihluke kakhulu ngombala womzimba nangobukhulu be-Fin. Umzimba wale nhlanzi umanzi impela, uphakeme, uthambile kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Owesifazane mkhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa, futhi mude kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba wezinhlanzi sowesifazane omdala buyehluka phakathi kuka-12- 15 cm, futhi ubude bendoda buba cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-8,5,0.0. Kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu kanye nabameleli abaningi bezinhlobo ezi-hybrid, kunomude owodwa onsomi obomvu onsomi onombala opinki. ukugoqa, kanye nemichilo eminingana ehambelana ngombala obomvu. Indawo yomlomo ivulwe kancane futhi ivumelaniswe kahle nokukhipha okuphakelayo ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abasiki bezinkemba base-Aquarium nabantu abaphila ezimweni zemvelo zemvelo banokuhluka okubonakalayo kumbala wabo.
Umehluko ohlukile kulolu hlobo lobuciko ubukhona bendawo ephakeme futhi ebukhali, xiphoid engxenyeni ephansi ye-caudal fin kowesilisa. Igama elingajwayelekile lalezi zinhlobo libangelwa uhlobo olunjalo lwezezimali. Umbala wenhlanzi yemvelo ungamelelwa ngophuzi, obomvu, luhlaza okotshani noma o-orenji.
Kowesifazane, umbala wamaphiko nomzimba, njengokomthetho, uphaphathekile ngokwengeziwe futhi ungowokubhaliwe. Izinhlanzi ezi-hybrid ze-Aquarium zinemibala egqamile, zibemhlophe, zibomvu, zilamula kanye no-orenji, zinsundu futhi zimnyama, kanye namathoni e-calico. Okunye futhi ukwehluka ukwakheka kwamaphini, angaba umgubuzelo, i-lyrebird nesikhafu.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ama-Swordfish izinhlanzi ezivela eCentral America, lapho abamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zitholakala khona emfuleni nasemanzini echibini laseMexico, eGoduras naseGuatemala. Abaphethe izinkemba bakhona emanzini amile futhi agelezayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasezindongeni ezincane kakhulu noma ezakhiweni ezenziwe nge-hydraulic.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, inhlanzi egqamile futhi engajwayelekile yangeniswa eYurophu, lapho yasheshe yathandwa kakhulu njengesilwane sasekhaya se-aquarium. Kamuva nje, izinkemba zeza eRussia. Kuze kube manje, abamele lezi zinhlobo bazimise ngokuqinile njengenye yezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezaziwa kakhulu nezaziwayo.
Ama-Swordfish awathobeki ngokuphelele ngokugcina izinhlanzi zasemanzini, ezilungele kakhulu abaqalayo noma abahlali basemanzini abangenalwazi. Noma kunjalo, umuntu kufanele asondele ngokucophelela ezindabeni zokukhetha nokulungiselela i-aquarium, acabangele ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlobo kanye nezici zokuziphatha kwabasenkemba, futhi akhethe nokudla okufanele.
Amazinga okushisa kwamanzi asemanzini kufanele abe ngu-22-26 ° C ngokuhla okuvumayo kuya ku-15 ° C. Ubulukhuni bamanzi we-Optimum bububanzi be-8-25 ° dH nge-acidity ye-7-8 pH.
Ukulungiselela i-aquarium, ivolumu
Ama-Swordfish ayingxenye yesigaba senhlanzi enkulu eyanele, ngakho-ke usayizi omncane we-aquarium kufanele ube amalitha angama-50. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-aquarium yokugcina amaswidi kufanele ibe yanele. Njengomthetho, izinkemba azidingi ukudala izimo ezikhethekile, kepha ukubheka amapharamitha amaningi afanele kunayo yonke isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko senhlala-kahle yezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-aquarium enamadoda asenkemba kufanele imbozwe ngesivalo, ngenxa yokuncipha kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kwezinhlanzi ezingaphuma.
I-Swordfish idinga ukuqhutshwa okuphoqelekile kokuhlunga nokufakelwa kwamanzi ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kanti ukwenziwa kwalolu hlelo lokushintsha kwesonto cishe kwengxenye yesenti kuvumela ukuthi uthole izimo ezifanele zenhlanzi enjalo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu abasebenza ngenkemba abadingi i-oksijini enkulu, ngakho-ke ukushintshwa kwamanzi njalo akudingekile.
Izinhlanzi zizizwa zikhululekile lapho kukhona izimila bukhoma e-aquarium, ezimelelwa yi-vallisneria, i-echinodorus, i-cryptocoryne, i-richchia ne-duckweed, ilingisa kalula indawo yemvelo. Akudingekile ngokuphelele ukunikeza izindawo zokukhosela izinkemba, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi unikeze inhlanzi indawo enkulu yamahhala yokubhukuda.
Ukuziphatha okuvumelanayo
Swordsmen kungenye yezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinokuthula nokuzola, kepha ochwepheshe abayeluli ngokuxazulula abamele le nhlobo ngezinhlobo ezincanyana kakhulu. Izakhamizi ezincane kakhulu ze-aquarium zivame ukwephulwa yile nhlobo. Ngomakhelwane besilinganiso esilinganayo nokuziphatha okufana noma ubuntu obuthile, amadoda asenkemba ase-aquarium, njengomthetho, awaxabani.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ezinhlanzini zase-aquarium ezinomlingisi o-melancoly futhi oholela ekuhlaleni okuhlala phansi kakhulu, indlela yokuphila evilaphayo, izinkemba zabantu abadala zingase ziwashe iminjunju. Phakathi kokunye, abesilisa balolu hlobo bayabekezelelana uma kungekho abanye abamele izinhlanzi, kubandakanya nabesifazane. Amasondo asenkemba ayakwazi ukuhlangana nama-pecillia, izigwedlo kanye nemillies, kepha azinakuxazululwa kuma-aquariums kanye nama-cichlid aseNingizimu Melika kanye nase-Afrika, ama-astronotus nama-Akars. Abantu base Swordsman bakuthola kunzima ukuhlangana nanoma yibaphi abamele umndeni we-cyprinid, kufaka phakathi i-koi carp, i-goldfish ne-zebrafish encane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezindaweni zasekhaya ezinkulu indawo izinkemba eziningi zingahlala ngokuzolile, ngesilinganiso sowesifazane oyedwa oba nomuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili.
Izidumbu eziningi, kanye negolide, zingabadli, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa umuntu omdala nomuntu okhanda inkemba. Futhi ngokwezigaba akunconyelwanga ukuklebhela imigoqo, imidwayizi neminenke, ama crustaceans amancane kakhulu, kubabizi bezinkemba.
Izinkemba kanye nama-guppies, ezizalwa ngo-fry ngendlela ye-viviparous, zinesimo esifanayo nokufana ngendlela yesitayela sokuziphatha. Kulokhu, iphesenti lokufa kwabantu e-aquarium ejwayelekile lehla kakhulu.
Ukudla, ukudla
Swordsmen ngokuphelele abathobeki ngokuphelele mayelana nokudla. Izinhlanzi ezinjenge-aquarium ngokufanele ziyingxenye yesigaba sama-omnivores, futhi zithambekele ekudleni ngokweqile, ngakho-ke, kujwayelekile ngentokozo enkulu ukudla ukudla okomisiwe nokuthile okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngama-granules, okusanhlamvu kanye nama-chips, kanye nokudla okukhona nokuqandwe ngesimo sezinhlayiya zegazi, i-brine shrimp ne-daphnia. Ukudla kuqoqwa yinhlanzi kunoma yiziphi izingqimba zamanzi ase-aquarium, kanye nokusele ngaphezulu noma ukuwela phansi.
Ukudla kwamaSwordsmen asebekhulile kumele kufake ukudla kwemifino, okungaba ngesimo sama-flakes noma ama-granules ane-spirulina noma amaphilisi akhethekile we-algal. Phakathi kokunye, i-algae kusuka ezindongeni ze-aquarium, izitshalo zokuhlobisa ukuhlobisa nokuzimisele kakhulu ukudla izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo. Ukondliwa kwamadoda asenkemba ye-aquarium kumele kube olinganiselayo futhi ahlukahlukene ngokwehlukahlukana.
Kubalulekile! Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho uthenga noma yikuphi ukudla okwomile kwezinhlanzi, udinga ukunaka ngokukhethekile usuku lokukhiqiza nokuphila eshalofini, ngakho-ke akunqweneleki ukuthenga okuphakelayo okunesisindo.
Okuphakelayo okudumile nokuthandwa kakhulu kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium zalezi zinhlobo zifanekiselwa ukudla okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngomumo. Ukuphakelwa okufanele okukhiqizwe inkampani "Tetra". Ukudla okunjalo kumelelwa ngokudla ngakunye kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi, kanye nokudla okukhethekile okukhulisa umbala. Kakhulu ibaluleke kakhulu ukudla okuvikelwe okuphekwe ukugcoba.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ukuzala izinkemba kuwumsebenzi olula. Izinhlanzi ezinjengalezi zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba esinezinyanga eziyisithupha. Umanyolo wenziwa ngaphakathi kowesifazane, kanti i-fry izalwa esikhathini esingangenyanga nesigamu.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphansi kwezimo zokudla okunempilo okuningana nokushisa kwamanzi okufika ku-26-27 ° С, ukuzalwa kwezingane kwabesifazane abaphethwe inkemba kungenzeka cishe njalo ngenyanga.
Izifo zokuzala
Am Swordsmen izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezivimbela kakhulu ezingakhuthazelela kalula izimo ezinzima, kepha isihluthulelo sokulungiswa kwazo ngempumelelo ukuqinisekisa izimo ezilingene, amanzi e-aquarium esezingeni eliphezulu nokudla okwamukelekayo.
Swordsmen atholakala kalula ezifweni ezijwayelekile zezinhlanzi zasemanzini, futhi akukho ma-nuances nezici ekwelashweni kwazo. Impilo yezinkemba ezifuywayo ngokwezindinganiso ezijwayelekile ze-aquarium, zingokwesigaba esiphakathi, ngakho-ke lapho wenza izimo ezinhle zokuphila, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zingahlala zize zibe neminyaka emihlanu.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Abasiki bezinkemba base-Aquarium basebenza kakhulu futhi bayadlala, abathobeki ngokuphelele futhi bajabulisa abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo ngemibala ehlukahlukene emangalisayo. Izinhlanzi ezinjengalezi kulula ukuzalanisa, azidingi ukunakwa okukhethekile noma okwandisiwe, futhi izindleko zezinhlobo zemibala ezivamile ziyabiza impela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinsikazi zenkemba zinamandla okuguqula ubulili bazo uma kungekho abesilisa, futhi lesi sici asitholakali kwabesilisa.
Ngokusho kwabasebenza emanzini, ikhono lamadoda asenkemba ukuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zangaphakathi e-aquarium efanayo futhi akhiqize ngentshiseko unyaka wonke kuyizinzuzo ezenza ukuthi labo abamele uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe uRay bathandwa kakhulu.
Ukubukeka
Izinkemba zinomsila wangempela - ngesimo senkemba. Lesi sici esihlukanisayo sanikeza igama inhlanzi igama. Umsila ungazungezwa, noma (ngemfoloko izinkemba) - ngohlobo lwemisebe. Umzimba uphakeme, ezinhlangothini - isicaba. Umbala wehluke kakhulu: obomvu, owolintshi, omnyama, ophuzi. Kwenzeka ukuthi umzimba wezinhlanzi ungumbala owodwa, namaphini - womunye. Owesifazane uvame ukuba mkhulu kuno owesilisa. Kepha umbala wesilisa uqhakazile. Ziphinde zehlukaniswe nezinsikazi ngesimo se-caudal fin: kowesilisa, unemisebe.
Ukwakheka komlomo akujwayelekile, kuphakanyiswe kancane, okwenza kube lula ukuthi izinhlanzi zikuphe ukudla ebusweni bamanzi.
Izinhlobo Zabamasondo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zabameleli bazo ezihluke ngombala nangokwakheka kwamaphini.
- Green Swordsman: onsundu onsundu, enemithende eyodwa ebomvu neminye eminingana ekhanyayo emzimbeni, inkemba enomngcele onemibala.
- ICitric: empeleni lokhu kuyinkemba eluhlaza, kepha i-albino ene-tint eluhlaza okotshani, ukuzalanisa kwalolu hlobo kuyinkinga, "izingane" azihlali zigcina izimfanelo zabazali bazo.
- Imhlophe yaseBulgaria: futhi i-albino, izinzile kuphela lapho izalaniswa.
- Mnyama: i-hybrid yenhlanzi emnyama ye-pecilia kanye nomkhonto ohlaza okotshani. Mnyama, ine-tint eluhlaza okotshani noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Ukuzala kabusha kuyinkinga ngenxa yokuthi abamele izinhlobo zezilwane bavame ukugula ngenxa yokugcwala kwemibala.
- Bomvu: etholwe ngokuwela i-pecilia ebomvu kanye nenkemba enombala oluhlaza.
- I-Chintz: umbala unemibala emithathu - ngemuva okumhlophe (okuyinhloko) kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezinkulu kodwa ezimnyama nezimnyama.
- Imvula: luhlaza grey nge-tint ye-orange, imithende ebomvu emzimbeni.
- Brindle: zibomvu ngamabala amnyama, futhi inkemba imnyama ngokuphelele. Naphezu kokucatshangelwa kwamathoni amnyama, izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zilwa nezifo ezibangelwa ukweqisa kombala.
- Intaba: ophuzi, ophethe ukhilimu. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imivimbo engu-zigzag yombala okhanyayo namachashazi.
Izinhlobo eziningi zavela ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzalela. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Inkemba Ephakeme Swordsman,
- Imnyama enomsila
- I-Lyrebird,
- Mnyama nokumhlophe
- Inkemba yesihogo
- I-tuxedo,
- Koi
- Berlin
- Montezuma
- Evelyn,
- Isi-Viennese,
- Simpson.
Ososayensi basebenza ohlelweni lwemibala yezinhlanzi nangokwakheka kwamaphini. Nayi imichilo evele phakathi kwamadoda asenkemba ngokubonga ngemizamo yabafuyi: ezintathu-ezibunjiweyo, ezimboze ngeveli, ezimise okomhloshana. Kunezinhlanzi ezinezinkemba ezimbili (esikhundleni sodwa) izinkemba zomsila.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi noma ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komzala, izinkemba zingajabulisa ngokumangala. Uma kunezinhlanzi zezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene ku-aquarium, khona-ke ukuzala kwazo kunganikeza amasampula amangalisayo ngombala kuze kube manje. Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukulungisa izipho ezinjalo zemvelo njengokubukeka okusha, noma ngabe kunokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.
Ukuphila endalweni
Indawo yemvelo yezinhlanzi iseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi. Amazwe anjengeGuatemala, iMexico, kanye neHonduras. Izindawo zokugcina izithombo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuzalaniswa kwehluke kakhulu: imifula esheshayo ephakeme ezintabeni namachibi athule, angenamifula, asha kanye nokubekeka okuncane. Kubalulekile ukuthi ichibi lingajulile impela, njengoba kuncane, kucebile ngezimila ezahlukahlukene, kunezinambuzane eziningi kakhulu kanye nolwelwe oludingekayo ekondleni abakhamuki.
Amasayizi makhulu kunalawo wokuqagela kwe-aquarium: 10 cm - owesilisa, 13 cm - owesimame (uma kukalwa owesilisa, ubude benkemba "yenkemba" alunakwa.
Nazi izinhlobo ezimbalwa zemvelo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo:
- Swordsman of Cortes,
- I-Micromy,
- Clementia
- Montezuma.
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinkemba zingabantu abanokuthula, ukuzalanisa nokuzigcina e-aquarium enezinhlanzi ezincane akunasidingo: ezinkulu zizothusa abancane. Futhi, inketho yendawo enezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi ayifaneleki - izinkemba zazo, uma zixhaphaza umdlalo, zingalimaza iminjunju.
Kwesinye isikhathi kungaba yinkinga ukugcina abesilisa beyizinkemba. Abanobungani kakhulu komunye nomunye, bafuna ubuholi nokulwa. Kukhona indlela yokuphuma kwalesi simo: ukuzinza "endlini" eyodwa kungaba yindoda eyodwa ene- "harem", noma "ngokuhlanganyela" kwabesilisa abathathu noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke ukunakwa komkhonto ngeke kuqondiswe kumphikisi oyedwa, futhi izinga lokungqubuzana lizokwehla kakhulu.
Ukwakheka okuhle kwe- "mndeni" yindoda eyodwa nababili - amantombazane amancane amathathu (munye akwanele, indoda yakhe ebukekayo ingashayela "esimweni esikhohlisayo").
I-Aquarium ifiseleka ukuba nesakhiwo esikhululekile, esidulekile. IVolumu - kusuka kumalitha angama-50 nangaphezulu. Qikelela ukuthi inhlanzi ngayinye inamamalitha amathathu amanzi okungenani, futhi lokhu kungaba inketho enhle. Ubude bendlu yengilazi kufanele bube okungenani ngamasentimitha amathathu.
Ukuqanjwa noma umbala wenhlabathi (lokhu kungaba ngamatshe amancane, isihlabathi) akubalulekanga kakhulu, ngoba izinhlanzi zihlukaniswe izingqimba zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo nangaphezulu. Kepha kufanele kube khona izimila eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo oluthile lwamakhonkrithi okwenziwa, izindawo zokukhosela - kwabasenkemba lokhu kubalulekile.
Ukushisa kwamanzi kusuka ku-18 kuya ku-26 degrees, i-acidity yayo (7-8 pH) nobulukhuni (8-25 dH) akubalulekile kangako.
INGOZI: ebukhali kakhulu ushintsho ku-acidity yamanzi, ngamaphoyinti angaphezu kuka-0.3 ngosuku olulodwa, angadala ukucabanga kwabakhileyo be-aquarium. Gcina i-pH ezinzile.
Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke, kufanele aguqulwe kanye ngeviki (cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yevolumu ephelele ingaguqulwa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlunga kuyadingeka (isihlungi esisodwa sangaphakathi sanele) kanye ne-aeration (isidingo saso siyanyamalala uma i-aquarium “ingagagasi kakhulu”).
Izinhlanzi ezi-Viviparous, njengoba wazi, zizizwa zizinhle emanzini angaboli, noma kunjalo, akudingekile ukuba abantu abahamba ngenkemba babheke lesi simo - bathola "ikhaya" emanzini amasha.
Ngokuqondene nokukhanya, indima ebalulekile inikezwa "izikhala eziluhlaza": izitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni bamanzi zizonikeza okuqukethwe okulungile - ukukhanya okuhlakazekile futhi kusebenza njengendawo yokukhosela nefry esikhathini lapho izinhlanzi zizalela khona.
QAPHELA: indoda esenkemba kwesinye isikhathi iyagxuma iphume emanzini. Ukuvimbela inkathazo, amboze i-aquarium ngengilazi.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuzijabulisa wena - ukuhlobisa i-aquarium ekunambithekeni kwakho. Isibonelo, faka iphosta enolwandle olungemuva kwe-aquarium, faka amanye amathokheni okuqala afana nama-amphoras akudala phansi. Ngakho-ke kuzoba mnandi futhi kujabulise ngawe ukulandela impilo yezakhamuzi zasemanzini.
Ukondla
Ukunakekelwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokudla okunempilo. Imenyu kufanele ihluke: ukudla okubukhoma nokubandayo, okusanhlamvu. Ukudla kwezitshalo kufanele kube phezulu ku-fiber. Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi endaweni yabo yemvelo inkemba i-alfishfish ithanda i-algae elintekenteke, zama ukuthenga ama-flakes enhlanzi enengxenye yemifino. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuphambukisa ukudla nge-squid ebilisiwe nenhlanzi, inyama enamafutha aphansi, isikhupha senkukhu, isinkwa esomile.
Nazi ezinye izigaba zokuphakelayo ezilungele abahamba izinkemba:
- yomile
- imifino
- abaphilayo (ama-cellworms, cyclops, tubule, daphnia, artemia).
Uma umnikazi wezinhlanzi kudingeka aqhubeke nohambo lwebhizinisi, izinkemba zingaphila ngaphandle kokudla isonto elilodwa noma amabili. Bazosebenzisa okufakwayo okwenziwe emaqabungeni ezitshalo nasengilazini ye-aquarium njengokudla, kudle iminenkethi emincane, ngemuva kokuba ibasakaze emgobeni.
Kepha lokhu kuphuthumayo. Futhi ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke akudingi kuphela ukondla kwendabuko, kodwa futhi nezithako ezikhethekile zemithi namavithamini ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuqiniswe umbala wenhlanzi.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuthola kabusha abasha, nansi imenyu yokuncane:
- uthuli oluphilayo (ama-microorganisms amancane),
- ukusika ipayipi
- microworm
- amajikelezo.
Abanikazi abaningi bezinhlanzi basebenzisa ukudla okwomile ukuze kube lula. Ukunikezwa kwabo okukhulu kunikezwa yinkampani iTetra. Ihlukaniswa indlela "yomuntu ngamunye" yezilwane ezifuywayo ezintantayo - ukudla okukhethekile kohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-handfish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTetra ihlinzeka ngokudla okukhethekile: i-fry, ukuthuthukisa umbala wezinhlanzi. Isikhwama segramu ka-12 seTetra sokudla okwenziwe ngamadoda asenkemba sibiza cishe ama-ruble angama-50.
Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Swordsmen zizizwa zizwakala kahle e-aquarium efanayo nezinhlanzi ezingalingana nazo. It:
Abasenkemba banokuthula, kepha uma behlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya emanzini, bangathola ulaka futhi bahlasele omakhelwane babo. Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi izinhlanzi ezincane zizolile, kepha ezindala zivame ukuba nolaka.
Izifo zamadoda asenkemba, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze uma uthenga izinhlanzi ukuzihlolelela izimpawu zezifo. Izinhlanzi ezinje azifanele ukuthenga, okuncane kakhulu okutshala e-aquarium yakho enkampanini yezinhlanzi enempilo.
Enye indlela yokuvimbela: lapho kuqala abafikayo ukuba basebenze ezindala, zigcinwa imizuzu engama-20 emanzini anosawoti (isipuni sikasawoti ilitha ngalinye lamanzi). Le nqubo ihlanza inhlanzi kumagciwane kusuka ngaphandle.
I-Swordfish ayibuhlungu njengezinye izinhlanzi. Izifo zabo zinegciwane futhi zingunganga. Kuyenzeka ukuthi imbangela yalesi sifo iba yikhwalithi engeyinhle, inegciwane. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokuthenga okuphakelayo kuphela kubathengisi abathembekile.
QAPHELA: Lapho usuthole inhlanzi egulayo, yibeke e-aquarium ehlukile ukuze ungatheleleleli abanye.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Izinhlanzi ziphila iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
Kumele kukhunjulwe: e-aquarium enabantu abaningi, impilo yamadoda asenkemba imfushane. Into efanayo yenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwamanzi ku-aquarium. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi nomzimba wezinhlanzi ziyefana, futhi uma ziphakeme, kushesha izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, futhi nempilo yazo ihamba ngokushesha.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Indoda yenkemba yesifazane, ngokungafani neyeduna, ayinayo “inkemba”. Kodwa-ke, uma kunjalo kowesilisa, le mfanelo yezocansi ivezwa imnyama, bese kufundwa i-gonopodia (lena yi-anal fin, modified kancane). Owesifazane unale ntambo eyindilinga; ikhonjiswa kubagibeli bezindiza.
Owesilisa uthola i-gonopodia eneminyaka engu-3-4 yobudala. Ukuthomba kokugcina kwenzeka ezinkemba zamadoda ezinkemba ngezinyanga ezinhlanu. Kepha ukuthi ingane izoba yini - "isoka" noma "intombazane" - ingahlulelwa ngokushisa kwamanzi: uma ihlala emazingeni angama-29, kuzoba “nabafana” abengeziwe.
Isithombo
Lezi izinhlanzi ze-viviparous. Ukuzala kowesifazane kwenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakhe, uthwala i-gazinga kuze kufike ukuvuthwa kokugcina - cishe amasonto amahlanu. Kuze kufinyelele emashumini ayisihlanu ngasikhathi.
Asikho isidingo sokuvusa intshisakalo yozakwethu kumlingani: uyasebenza, futhi okuwukuphela kwento edingekayo kumnikazi ukukhipha insikazi kwesinye isikhathi kumlingani. Ukuzala kungenzeka futhi ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kowesilisa, futhi konke ngoba insikazi igcina ubisi ngaphakathi kuyo iqandisiwe futhi ingazithambisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nayo.
Uma kunesidingo sokusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okunjalo - kwenyusa izinga lokushisa lamanzi libe ngama-25-27 degrees, i-pH kufanele ibe ngu-6.8-7.8, futhi izinga le-nitrate ne-ammonia emanzini kufanele libe lincane.
Isikhathi sokuzalwa singahlulelwa ngesimo sendawo emnyama eduze kwe-anus yenhlanzi: uma kuba mnyama (futhi indawo emnyama yamehlo e-fry abonakala emzimbeni), kusho ukuthi ukugcwaliswa kabusha maduze kuzoba se-aquarium. Ungaphuthelwa umzuzu, faka umama okhulelwe kwelinye i-aquarium, ngaphandle kwalokho ezinye izinkemba zabantu abadala zingadla gazinga.
KUBALULEKILE: ukuze ukuzalwa kuphumelele futhi umntwana asinde, kufanele kube khona amahlozi aminyene e-aquarium, ngoba yilapho inzalo ivame ukuza emhlabeni.