Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. I-reel enkulu enomsila omude onqanyuliwe ekugcineni kanye noqhwaku olugqinsi oluvundlile okuphela koqhwaku lomlomo lubheke phansi. Izintambo zobude obuphakathi, lapho zigoqwa, izihloko zazo azifinyeleli phakathi komsila. Ubukhulu be-thrush, ubude bomzimba ongu-20- 20 cm, amaphiko angama-27- 35 cm, isisindo esingu-40-65 g. Ukwakhiwa komzimba kukhulu, imilenze incane, kepha iqinile. I-plumage yinde, ithambile futhi ihamba. Ukuhamba kancane, kuvame ngisho nokuvilapha. Imvamisa inyoni yesihlahla, ingamiswa emagatsheni, njengemigwaqo eyeqile, kepha ingasebenzisi uqhwaku lwayo, kuyaqabukela iwele phansi, igxume kuyo noma ihambe ngezinyathelo ezincane. Ngokuvamile, izici zokwakheka nokuziphatha kufana nezinqola.

Incazelo. Emadodeni amadala, kumapayipi amasha, ikhanda, emuva, i-nuhvost, isifuba nezinhlangothi zezisu zibomvana. Ngasemuva, amahlombe ne-nadhvost imemezele i-grey scaly iphethini. Izembozo zomsila, umswakama kanye namaphiko zinombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe noma omhlophe obomvana. Izimpaphe ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe okwembozekayo zakha imivimbo emibili enqobekile kwephiko eligoqiwe. Ingxenye ephakathi yesisu nokukhiqizeka ngaphansi kukhona ama-ash-grey, izimpaphe zemsila ezimboze ezingezansi ezinemingcele ebanzi emhlophe. Ku-plumage egqokile (ehlobo), umbala opinki uphenduka ubomvu raspberry, umthunzi ompunga ube mnyama.

Emadodeni amancane (unyaka wokuqala nowesibili wokuphila), umbala wekhanda, uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba, isifuba nezinhlangothi zesisu kuyahlukahluka kusuka kokusawolintshi ngokubomvu kuya kombala ophuzi okuluhlaza okotshani obunezimpunga ezinde ezi-translucent. Umbala osele ufana nowamaduna amadala, imingcele ekhanyayo yomsila, izimpiko nezimbobo zephiko zingamhlophe qwa, zingenayo i-pink hue. Abesifazane bafana nabesilisa abancane, kepha umbala wabo we-orange awuvamile. Ikhanda, izindwani ngemuva kanye ne-plaque esifubeni kuphuzi noma luhlaza okotshani. I-mandible imnyama i-horny, i-mandible ilula. Imilenze imnyama-nsundu. Uthingo lu nsundu.

Ezinyoni eziluhlaza, ezihluke kakhulu kubantu abadala abaphephayo abathandekayo nabafushane, ibunzi kanye nezinhlangothi zekhanda zingwevu onsundu. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lube mpunga, umphimbo ube mhlophe qhwa, isifuba nesisu ziphuzi ngombala o-brownish noma buffy. Iphiko linemibala, njengakwezinyoni ezindala, kepha imiphetho yokukhanya okukhona kuyo ine-ocher hue ekhanyayo. Ezinyoni zalobungako, ama-crossboll kuphela anombala ofanayo; ukusuka kude, i-schura ihlukile kubo ngesimo somlomo wabo, futhi ebangeni, ngomsila wabo omude.

Vota. Amakhwela amahle okhelatulle», «fa ul», «woo», «ukuthi"nabanye. Ingoma iqukethe ukusesha kombhobho okufanayo.

Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-taiga zone ze-Eurasia kusuka enyakatho yeScandinavia kuya ogwini lwePacific, kanye nasehlathini elihlanganayo iningi leNyakatho Melika. Enyakatho yeYurophu kunezinhlobo ezincane, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlala kahle noma ezizinzile, ikakhulukazi kweRussia YaseYurophu iyinyoni encane ehambahamba futhi ebusika. Ezifundeni eziphakathi neziseningizimu, akubona bonke ubusika obuvela.

Indlela yokuphila. Enyakatho yeYurophu, isidleke emahlathini acwebile futhi axubile asenyakatho ne-taiga. Hlala emahlathini aqobayo, lapho kukhona okungenani i-spruce eyodwa, i-fir noma i-larch. Cula kancane, okuvamisile okuvamile. Izinduna zakhiwa nge-spruce noma i-fir, imvamisa kakhulu kwi-larch, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4. Indawo ejwayelekile yesidleke isesihlahleni somthi omncane, ovame kakhulu eduze kwesiqu, kaningi egatsheni eliseceleni, ku- "paw". Isisekelo sesidleke siqukethe amagatsha amancanyana, izimpande ezincane, isitsha esidlekayo ngokwaso sigodliwe kahle kusuka kumakhasi otshani amnyama, kunalokho kube mncane, kuthambile. Ugqoko luboshwe ngotshani noma ngoboya obuhle. Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-2-5 wombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onamabala ansundu noma omnqumo wezinto ezahlukahlukene, ngokuvamile ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezithambile. Amakati ambozwe ngegrey flu omnyama noma onsundu.

Ekudleni kwezinyoni ezindala, ikakhulukazi ebusika, ukudla kwezitshalo kuqala - efihlekile, efihlekile, amaqabunga abasha, amajikijolo. Izinyoni ezindala zidla izinambuzane endleleni, ekunikezelweni kwamachwane azo kukhona ezinye eziningana. Ubusika e-Schurov buba khona ekuzulazuleni emihlambini emincane ebangeni le-nesting, ngokuvamile eningizimu yezindawo ezidlekayo. Kukhona ukusukela ngobuningi eningizimu, ezansi emaqeleni, bese kuthi iSchurov ibonakale ngisho nasemadolobheni lapho edla khona ngomlotha osezintabeni noma emahhabhula.

Okudingayo

Ama-Schuras ayizinyoni ezinhle futhi ikakhulukazi adla ngembewu yezihlahla eziqothulayo nezihlanganayo, amaqabunga awo namahlumela, namajikijolo. Babuye bengeza inani elincane lezinambuzane ekudleni kwabo, ikakhulukazi ebusika (amabhungane, izibungu zabo, izimvemvane, ezisekupheleni kwezithombe). Amakati nawo adinga ukudla kwezilwane, ngakho-ke abazali babondla ngezilokazane.

AbakwaSchur bathande kakhulu ukudla ngamajunipha namajikijolo asentabeni, nasezifundeni zasempumalanga ezinamantongomane ephayini.

Lapho kuhlala khona

ISchur - izakhamuzi zasehlathini ezijwayelekile, zihlala endaweni enkulu ye-Asia, Europe neMelika. Impilo yonke, lezi zinyoni zikhetha amahlathi namakhophi, ezinqumayo futhi ezixubile, kepha zihlala ziseduze nemifula noma ezinye izidumbu zamanzi, ngoba zithanda izinqubo zamanzi.

IShura ayithandi ukuhamba emhlabathini, ngakho-ke izihlahla ezinde ziyisivikelo esithembekile sokudlekwa kwazo nempilo yansuku zonke.

Ukufuduka noma ubusika

Phakathi kweSchur, kunabantu bobabili abafudukayo, kanye nabokuma ngokuzinzile futhi abahlali. Esifundeni ngasinye, ukufuduka kwama-schuros kuya ngezimo zezulu kanye nokutholakala kokudla. Ebusika obubandayo, i-pike ingahamba iye eningizimu yezindawo ezihlala kuzo, kepha ayindiza kude.

Uhlobo lwesikhafu luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: i-schur evamile neye-rhododendral, efana ncamashi ngombala.

I-Rhododendral schur ihlukile kune-congener yayo ngobukhulu obuncane (kufika ku-20 cm ubude) nendawo yokusabalalisa. Le ngoma yengoma isakhamuzi saseChina, iTibet, iBurma, iBhutan neNepal. Izinhlobo zalithola igama lazo ngenxa yezindawo eziyithandayo - imiphetho yamahlathi enezikhuhlu ze-Rhododendron nejuniper.

Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu

I-dimorphism yezocansi eSchurov ishiwo kakhulu. Abesilisa bafana nezinsephe ngombala - amehlo abo akhangwa amabele namakhanda awo okusajingijolo. Izindawo ezifananayo ezinsikazi nezinyoni ezincane zidwetshwe ngophuzi.

Abathandi bezinyoni bavame ukugcina bethunjiwe ekudingisweni futhi bayayazisa le nhlobo ngobuningi bayo bezwi nezwi elimnandi. Okuwukuphela kokudideka kwabo ukuthi ekudingisweni, i-zyra izala kahle.

Uma kunjalo bakha i-pair, izinyoni kufanele zifakwe endaweni ebanzi futhi zishiya izinto eziningi zokwakha isidleke (amahlumela, amabala otshani, umkhuhlane). Ku-clutch eyodwa, i-schurah yowesifazane inamaqanda amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyinto ewadonsa cishe amasonto amabili. Bese kuthi izinsuku eziyi-13-16, abazali bondle amachwane.

Kuyi-pike, uzodinga ikheji elibanzi elinesigxobo kanye neziqukathi ezimbili zamanzi - eyodwa yokuphuza, neyesibili ngokubhukuda, njengoba izinyoni zithanda izinqubo zamanzi.

Yini ukondla?

Njengenyoni emnandi, ipike izodinga ukuxutshwa okusanhlamvu, ama-buds kanye namahlumela ezihlahla eziqabulayo nezinesibindi, izingcezu zemifino nezithelo, ama-blueberries, umlotha wentaba, nejuniper. Ungangeza neqanda elihlanganisiwe nezingcezu zenyama ebilisiwe ekudleni.

Ungaphatha isilwane sakho ngamantongomane - ama-hazelnuts, amantongomane, ama-walnuts namantongomane zikaphayini. Futhi ukuze inyoni ingalahlekelwa umbala wayo ogqamile, ngezikhathi ezithile idla ukudla okukhethekile kwamaminerali kanye namavithamini.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

• Ngenxa yemibala yabo egqamile, abantu bakwaSchurov babiza i- “Finner parrot” noma “iqhude laseFinland”.
• Ama-Schuras akuthanda kakhulu ukubhukuda, futhi ngisho nasebusika bathola amachibi avulekile kulokhu, futhi ekhaya, ngabo, kuyadingeka ngokuphelele ukuhlela indawo yokubhukuda ngaphandle kwesitsha sokuphuza.
• Izinsikazi zesidleke sakwaSchura zakhiwa ngokuzimela futhi azivumeli owesilisa ukuthi azibambe iqhaza kule nqubo. Abesifazane kuphela futhi banakekela amachwane.
• Ukudla okuthandwayo kweSchurov, kanye nezinkabi zezinkunzi, umlotha wasentabeni. Kungakho lezi zinyoni zivame ukudideka lapho zibona ebusika emabhishi anamahlaya eqhwa.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

I-European Schur, i-Ennatorator enucleator enucleator uL. Izinhlobo zohlobo lweSyandinavia naseNhlonhlo yaseKola, zivela ngesikhathi esingesiso sokuzalela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zenkabeni yeYurophu nengxenye yaseYurophu ye-USSR (Leningrad, Pskov) Umngcele osempumalanga wokusatshalaliswa kunzima ukuwuthola, ngoba lo mjaho nolandelayo kuxhunywe ngechungechunge lokuqhubeka kwezinguquko.

I-West Siberian Schur, i-Enucleator stschur Umbala ubomvu - ubomvana-bomvana (ifomu langaphambilini linombala obomvu onesithunzi se-carmine). Kusuka ku-b. Isifundazwe sase-Arkhangelsk sigudla umngcele weTaiga osentshonalanga neSurukhansk Territory, eningizimu eTyumen. Ngesikhathi sokungazaliseki, ifudukela eningizimu iye emaphethelweni angxenyeni eseYurophu ye-USSR, futhi ezimeni ezihlukile ngokuqhubekayo (i-Kiev).

I-East Siberian Schur, i-Enucleator pxcatus Abesilisa banombala ogqamile ukwedlula ifomu langaphambilini, banombala obomvu ngombala onsomi, okukhanya okuphakathi nendawo izimpaphe zangaphansi (umphimbo, umphimbo, isifuba, isisu) kuphakama kakhulu, izintokazi nazo ziqhakazile, zibomvu, umbala wazo ompunga uhlanzekile. Uqhwaku lufushane kancane (12,4-16.3 mm, uma kuqhathaniswa no-14.4-16 mm ngendlela eyedlule) nokuvuvukala okuningi. ISiberia isuka e-Altai kanye naseYenisei kuya esifundeni i-Amur nasenyakatho nentshonalanga IMongolia (Kentei, Hangai).

I-Kamchatka Schur, i-Enucleator kamtschatkensis Umbala njengokwedlule, kepha uqhwaku luqine kakhulu, lumude futhi lugqinsi, lugobeke phansi phansi ekugcineni kogongolo. I-Kamchatka, ugu lwase-Okhotsk, esifundeni i-Anadyr, eSakhalin.

Ukubukeka

Le nyoni ingubukhulu benkanyezi, yakhiwe ngokungenamkhawulo, inomlomo omfishane, omfishane, omfishane nomsila oqoshiwe omude. Umbala ojwayelekile wesidoda esidala ubomvu, unezisekelo ezimnyama zezinsiba emqheleni, i-occiput, emuva, i-humadhosti, i-nadhvosti, isisu nangaphansi - okumpunga, okumboze izimpiko kunombala onsundu ngemikhawulo emaphakathi nendawo enkulu, kwakheka imicu emibili eshintshashintshayo emaphikweni, amachaphaza amhlophe anemingcele emhlophe. fan yangaphandle, nsundu ophuzi, izimpiko ezilinganayo. Imvamisa idla ezihlahleni.

Ukwehluka kobulili

Kwensikazi, umbala obomvu uthathelwa indawo yi-olive-greenish emzimbeni bese uphuzi ekhanda. Abesilisa ngemuva kokuqothuka kokuqala kwekwindla bathola iplamu eshintshayo ngesithonjana esikhulu noma esincanyana sethoni ebomvu-e-orange. Abancane bafana nabesifazane. Njengoba i-operae iqala ukuphuma, umbala obomvu nphuzi uvela ngokwengeziwe futhi ubonakala ukhanya kakhulu. Iphiko eliyi-100-110 mm, lishaye libuthakathaka. I-Shedding ifana nolunye u-Finch, kepha isigqoko esibomvu esigcwele ngabesilisa, sigqokwa ngemuva kokuchithwa kokuqala kwekwindla, ngonyaka wesibili.

Ukuzala

Ukuzilibazisa kwaShurov kuqala ngoJuni kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bashaya ikhwela ngokuzwakalayo ngengoma yabo ye-flute iridescent, efana nezifiso eziphindaphindwayo. Uhlobo oluthile lokudabuka okudumile, okuzwakalayo kuyezwakala kulo, yize abahlabeleli bephapheme kakhulu futhi beziphatha ngokushelela kakhulu kunangezikhathi zobusika. Isidleke sihlelwe ngokuqhamukayo kusuka ezihlangeni ezahlukahlukene namagatsha angama-coniferous, ngokuthambisa kwangaphakathi okuthambile. Amaqanda makhulu (24-26 mm ubude), aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onamabala amnyama ansundu. Kwimashi, kuvame ukungabi ngaphezu kwezicucu ezingama-3-4.