Yonke insimu yeBelarus ezindizeni
Umndeni ka-Snipe - Scolopacidae.
Uhlobo lweMonotypic, alwakhi u-subspecies.
Ukuzalela okungavamile kakhulu (engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-republic), kuvame kakhulu ekufudukeni nasezinhlotsheni zobusika obunqabile. Ifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yeRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwenzeka kuyo yonke insimu.
Imininingwane ese-isidleke ye-biology yokuhlobisa eBelarus ihlukaniswe kakhulu, izidleke zibonakala ngokuhlangana kwesiboshwa esifundeni saseVitebsk ngomhlaka 06/20/1924 kanye nokuthola izidleke ezimbili esifundeni saseMiior esifundeni saseVitebsk Elinye lazo ngoJuni 27, 1980 lalinamaqanda ama-4 aqandwe kakhulu, lapho amachwane aqala khona ukuqandula ngakusasa, owesibili atholakala ngoJuni 26, 1982, ngemuva kokuba amantombazane elahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-A. A. Mongin ohlelweni lwesibili lwe-Red Book ukhuluma ngobhaliso ngo-1980-82. amachwane esifundeni saseSlutsk esifundeni saseMinsk Kodwa-ke, ku-4th edition (P.V. Pinchuk) akukho okubonakalayo kulokhu kubhaliswa. Ukuqashelwa okuningana kwabesilisa abakhona ezifundeni ezihlukene zepolitiki kuyaziwa, kepha la maqiniso angasebenza nakubantu abodwa.
Usayizi we-lark. Ngendlela efanayo ne-snipe, iyahluka ngosayizi omncane nombala omnyama wethani. Owesilisa nowesifazane banemibala efanayo. Iphethini ye-plumage ejwayelekile iyefana neye-snipe. Ingaphezulu lekhanda limnyama ngemisinga emincane eqinile-ansundu. Ezinhlangothini zomqhele kukhona imichilo emibili ebanzi e-brownish-buffy. Ibhuloho limnyama-nsundu. Phezu kwamehlo kukhona umucu omhlophe ohlukaniswe umnyama ngaphezulu. Umhlane ucishe ube mnyama, izimpaphe zibe ne-metallic violet ne-sheen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi nendawo nemiphetho ebomvu. Ngasemuva kusuka ezinhlangothini kukhona imicu emibili emide ye-ocher-red eyakhiwa amasondo akhanyayo angaphandle we-humalt ende. Ngemuva nangemisila kumnyama nge-tint ebubende noma nsomi. Ngaphansi komzimba kumhlophe, i-goiter, ingxenye yesifuba nezinhlangothi ezinemisebe ebomvu nebomvu. Izimpaphe zimnyama. Okumpunga okumpunga okumnyama, lo mbala omaphakathi umnyama onemiphetho ebomvu. Imilenze inombala oluhlaza okotshani entwasahlobo, opinki ekwindla. Umlomo umnyama. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-51-91.5 g, owesimame ungama-49-70 g. Ubude bomzimba (bobabili ubulili) buyi-19-23 cm, amaphiko kube ngu-35-41 cm.
Entwasahlobo ifika ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Ukufika kokuhlobisa ezindaweni zabo ezidlekayo kwenzeka ngemuva kwezikhathi ezithile zokuhlangana futhi kuhambisane nokusungulwa kwezinga lokushisa lansuku zonke, ukukhishwa kwezikhukhula echibini kanye nokucekelwa phansi kweqhwa neqhwa. E-Belarusian Lakeland, lokhu kugcinwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Abesilisa bavela ngaphambi kwabesifazane. Lapho ifika, ukuqala kokuhlobisa kuqala: owesilisa, endiza phezulu emhlabathini, akhipha umlingiswa ofana nokuqothuka kwehhashi "lokukhiya-okwamanje-okwamanje-okwamanje." ".
Ukuqashelwa kwemidlalo yamanje yokuhlobisa yenziwa endaweni eyi-bog Yelnya nasesifundeni sedge eduze kwaseNovoselki (isifunda saseVitebsk), 500 m ukusuka eNtshonalanga Dvina. Ukuziphatha kokuhlangana nemidlalo yamanje kanye nayo yonke imiboniso nezimpawu zomsindo kubonwe kuyo yonke imiqondo. Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlobo zodoti ezidlekayo kwenzeka nsuku zonke kusukela esikhathini sokufika futhi kuthatha kuze kube maphakathi noJuni, ngemuva kwalokho umfutho wemidlalo yokuguga incipha kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwamadoda ezindizayo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu futhi, ngokwesilinganiso sokubonakalayo, kuyinto engama-200 kuya kuma-20000. Uhla lwendiza yabesilisa abakhona ngoMeyi ifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-1.5-3.0, ngoJuni - 0.8-1.0 km. Kaningi, izidleke ezihlotshisiwe zaziba khona kusihlwa: ekuseni kusukela ngo-2: 00 kuye ku-06: 00 kusihlwa kusukela ngo-19: 00 kuya ku-22: 30. Isikhathi samanje siyizinsuku ezingama-50.
Izindawo zokuhlala esidlekeni ziyindawo yokubhukuda esezindaweni eziphansi, ikakhulukazi enezindawo ezivulekile ezivulekile kanye nezigodi zodaka, izifufula zemifula eshisayo, kwesinye isikhathi ama-hummocky, akhula ngezingulube zesikebhe namahhashi ezihhashi. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeBelarus, izinkomo zezinkomo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani ezivulekile emabhodini aphakeme anamigodi namachibi amancanyana.
Ukuzalela ngamabili ngababili emhlabathini. Lesi sidleke sisezindaweni ezinamabhosi amabhuku amakhulu nezinsimbi ezincane zesigaxa esisetshenziswe ngotshani phakathi kwama-moss, otshanini obukhulu noma esiqiwini somswakama. Imvamisa ifihlwe ngotshani obuzungezile futhi ingumgodi ongashona enhlabathini noma imango, ifakwe umfuma owomile wotshani bekotini nezinye izitshalo ezibandayo. Kutholakale izidleke ezimbili ezihlotshisiwe eLakeland, ezingxenyeni ezinezikhukhula kakhulu zaseYelnya bog, eduze nomfula. I-Yelnyanki, yahlelwa ngamabhomu amancane, ambozwe nge-moss (ikhukhamba yefilakusi) notshani bekotini (isidleke sokuqala) kanye ne-sedge (isidleke sesibili). Kwakuyimigodi emincane efakwe umucu owomile wotshani kakotini nezinye izitshalo.
Ububanzi besidleke bungama-12-16 cm, ukujula kojantshi kungama-5-5,5 cm, ububanzi buzi-9-10.5 cm.
Ku-clutch ephelele ye-4 noma, ngaphandle kokukhetha, amaqanda ama-3 abunjiwe. Umbala wazo ufana kakhulu nombala wamaqanda we-snipe, kepha ubukhulu buphansi. Isizinda esikhulu segobolondo siyahluka kusuka kokuphuzi noma oku-brownish-olive kuya ku-greenish-grey, green-brown and olive-grey. Izindawo ezingaphezulu kosayizi abahlukahlukene, onsundu omnyama noma onsundu onsundu. Amabala ajulile ajwayele ukuba ngompunga omnyama noma onsundu onsundu. Isisindo seqanda esingu-14,6 g, ubude obungu-36-39 mm, ububanzi obungu-26-29 mm. Isidleke esatholakala esifundeni saseMiorsky ngomhlaka 06/27/1980 sasiqukethe amaqanda ayi-4 athengwe kakhulu, kwathi ngosuku olulandelayo, ngoJuni 28, kwavela imifantu (ukuqala kokuqhekeka). Usayizi weqanda nokuqina kwesisindo: 38.5x28.6 mm (13.87 g), 38.6x28.1 mm (12.60 g), 38.7x28.6 mm (13.62 g), 39.1x28.7 mm (14.02 g). Inyoni ebanjiwe yayihlala kahle futhi indiza ivela esidlekeni isuka ngqo ngaphansi kwemilenze yomuntu.
Ukwahlulela okutholakele okumbalwa, eBelarus, le nyoni iqala ukubeka amaqanda maphakathi no-Meyi, kwezinye izikhathi ngisho noJuni.
Kukhona brood eyodwa ngonyaka. Ngokufa kobumbono, kuyenzeka futhi. Insikazi ifaka, kakhulu, izinsuku ezingama-24. Imikhaza ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila ishiya isidleke. EPoozerye, amaphuphu avela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, futhi ekupheleni kukaJulayi amagalaja asemancane, asevele endiza, anyamalale ezingxenyeni ze-moss futhi avele ngasogwini lwemifula namachibi.
I-Nesting enyakatho yeBelarus i-sporadic; ubuningi buyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Kodwa-ke, imibono ngosayizi wabantu abazalanayo yehlukile. Ngokusho kwabanye ababhali, ubukhulu balesi sizwe singamawele angama-0 - 20. Ngokusho kokunye ukulinganisela, ukuhlobisa eLakeland izidleke njalo, yize ubuningi bayo buphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, esifundeni esisasogwini i-Obol-2 (isifunda saseShumilinsky) singamabili angama-2.0 km nge-10 km² yenkundla enkulu, kanye nasezigodini ezisenyakatho ye-Y Yornya (iMiorsky neSharkovschinsky izifunda) - izimbambo eziyi-1,0 / km². Inani eliphelele lokuhlobisa i-Belarussian Lakeland lide ngamabhangqa ayi-150, kuyaqondakala ngenxa yokusondela komngcele oseningizimu yengxenye yendawo yokudla, kepha nokho iphakeme kakhulu kunokuba kulinganiswa kwangaphambilini. Ukuqina okuhlobene nenani lokuhlobisa kubonwe e-Belarusian Lakeland kumashumi amabili eminyaka edlule, futhi kukholakala ukuthi leli nani lisondele kakhulu kubantu bendawo. Ukushintshashintsha okuncane kuphela okuchichimayo okurekhodwe ngokuhamba kweminyaka: eminyakeni ngesiphepho esibandayo, esivamile, inani labesilisa abagijimayo lenyuka kancane, futhi eminyakeni ngesiphethu esifudumele, sasekuqaleni nobungane, sehlile.
Ekwindla, izinyoni ezifudukayo ziqoshwa kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. ELakeland, ukufuduka kwasekwindla kuqala maphakathi no-Agasti futhi kubizwa kakhulu ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Imihlangano yakamuva nayo yaqoshwa - ngoNovemba nangoJanuwari (ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJanuwari 1982, igalikhi lindizela emhalangeni laya kwesinye sezakhamizi zaseVitebsk). Eskhathini sekwindla, i-Harnish ihamba kahle iyodwa, inamathela ohlangothini olusentshonalanga, ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-2-5 ukusuka emhlabathini kusihlwa, kusukela ngo-18: 00 kuye ku-20: 30.
Izikhathi eziningana, ugalikhi futhi lwaluhlangana nezinyanga zasebusika ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi ezingenawo iqhwa. Isibalo sabantu basebusika bokuhlobisa silinganiselwa ku-0-50 ngazimbili.
Ukudla - njengesobho.
Ubudala obukhulu obubhalisiwe eYurophu buyiminyaka eyi-12 izinyanga ezi-4.