Ngiyethemba ukuthi ufunde le ndatshana ngaphambi kokuthola umkhovu, hhayi lapho usuvele usuthengiwe. Abathengisi abaningi, bebona ukuthandwa othile ngumbala omncane omnandi, bashesha ukuqiniseka ukuthi uzwana kahle nezinhlanzi zakho zasemanzini futhi ngeke akunikeze izinkathazo ezikhethekile. Futhi-ke, ngokunqotshwa yinkolelo yokuthi "umusi" futhi silethe ukuthengwa ekhaya, sigibela kwi-Intanethi futhi sesivele sifunda ukuthi yini. Lokhu kwenzeka ezimeni eziningi. Ngikhetha enye indlela, lapho kuqala izincwadi zokutholwa kwesikhathi esizayo zifundwa ngokucophelela bese kuthi “ifulethi elinazo zonke izinsizakalo” ilungiselelwe indawo yokuhlala.
Ukuchazwa kwecabana le-hermit
Kunezinhlobo ezi-7 zezindawo ezikhula njengotshani emhlabeni. Lawa makhaza afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha amathathu, umuntu omdala unesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-110.
Ijamo lomzimba liyi-cylindrical, elongated. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezincane. Ingxenye yangaphambili yomzimba ivikelwe igobolondo elilukhuni, kanti nengxenye yangaphakathi ithambile kakhulu.
Ama-her her crabs anamabili ama-5 wemilenze. Umbhangqwana wokuqala izigaxa. Ngosizo lolozipho olungakwesokudla, umqhele udla, bese kwesobunxele usetshenziselwa ukuvikela, ngokwesibonelo, ungavala ukungena kwawo umgodi ngesikhathi sengozi. Iningi lezinkalankala linamakhwapha ansomi, kodwa futhi alamula, ansundu, noma abomvu. Umlenze wesibili nowesithathu wemilenze yomqhele yenzelwe ukuhamba. Amabili amabili okugcina emilenze mncane kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi awaphumi ngokusinki.
Izinkalankala zaseCaribbean ziphefumula amakhambi ngosizo lwama-gill. Kunamabili ama-antennae anobuyiselekayo: Izimpondo ezinde zisetshenziselwa ukuthinta, futhi ezimfushane zenza umsebenzi wephunga. Umbono womhlaba onomhlaza omi muhle.
I-Semi-land hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus).
Lapho umqhele ungaphandle kwegobolondo, ubulili bawo bunganqunywa: owesilisa unezinwele ezingxenyeni zokugcina zemilenze, futhi akukho okuhlanganisiwe emgodini wesisu.
Land Hermit Crabs Indlela Yokuphila
Ama-crabs ezinkuni yizilwane zenhlalo ezihlala ngamaqembu amakhulu. Ziphila impilo yobusuku obusebusuku; imisebenzi ephezulu kakhulu ibonwa emahoreni angama-20. Ama-Hermit crabs awathandi ukushisa nelanga, ngakho-ke acasha ngemisele emincane phakathi nosuku, ngaphansi kwamatshe, izingodo, amaqabunga nokunye.
Lawa makhaza ahlala ecashe endaweni ethile ngaphansi kwezingodo, amatshe amatshe noma amagatsha.
Amanzi omhlaba omhlaba ahlala ogwini olunesihlabathi seziqhingi zaseCaribbean, amakhilomitha ayi-1,8-3,5 ukusuka emanzini. Zitholakala phakathi kwezitshalo ezisogwini. Zigwema izindishi nezindawo ezinotshani obukhulu. AmaHermit crabs akhetha amanzi kasawoti omncane.
Uma umqhele womhlaba otshisayo uhlala emanzini isikhathi eside, uzominza. Abantu abadala bancibilika njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-12-18, kuthi ezinganeni kuncibilike kaningi ngonyaka. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, umqhele ukhetha igobolondo elisha, elikhudlwana.
Kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-degree angama-20, umsebenzi wemihlaza ye-hermit uyancipha, futhi ngamazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-degrees angama-18 azikhotha. Lawa makhaza angenza imisindo ehlukahlukene: i-twitter, i-cratch, i-squaring.
Umhlaba otshisayo umhlume udla ebusuku. Bangama-scavenger omnivorous. Futhi ekudleni kwabo kufaka phakathi izithelo zikakhokho kanye nokuphonswa okusha kwamahhashi nezinkomo. Ekudingisweni, iminyaka yabo yokuphila ingafinyelela iminyaka eyi-11.
Izwe lokuphamba libonisa imifino efihlekile.
Ukuhlanza Amanzi Amanzi (Potamon)
I-Potamon iyindawo ehlala izidumbu zamanzi angenamanzi. Lawa makhaza awunakubukeka okukhanyayo kakhulu: igobolondo linombala onsundu, kanti ikhanda nezinzipho zingaba nsundu ngokubomvu. Lokhu kubukwa kuncane kakhulu. Ungahlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa ngosayizi bezimpandla kanye nesimo sesisu.Izinsikazi zinezimpofana ezingaphansi, kanti umzimba ubanzi futhi u-dengwane, umbala uyanamathela. Ekudingisweni, uma zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa zahlangabezana, uphila iminyaka eyi-4.
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe imihlambi wezinyamazane zomhlaba
Isikhathi sokuzalelwa kwezinkukhu crabs siba ngo-Agasti-Okthoba. Ukushada, abesilisa nabesifazane kufanele bashiye amagobolondo abo. Izinsikazi ezincane zibekela amaqanda angama-800-1200, nabesifazane abadala - amaqanda angama-40-50000. Umbala wamaqanda asanda kubekwa ubomvu onsundu; kungakapheli inyanga baphenduke aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma mpunga.
Emavikini lamatsatfu ngemuva kwekutsandzana, insikati iya kumanti angajulile, emacandza ayo asemlenzeni we-5, iyawacosha, iwadlulise ematseni lamanzi. Amaqanda ahlanzwa amagagasi emanzini.
Izibungu zemihlaba e-hermit crows inezigaba eziningana zokukhula: i-zoe, bese kuba yi-glaucothoe, ngemuva kwecala elincanyana. Ngesikhathi se-metamorphosis, izibungu zihlala phansi, bese zizulazula zingene emhlabeni.
Ngenkambiso yentuthuko, imifantu idlula ngezigaba eziningana.
UZoe mncane futhi mude, usayizi wakhe ufinyelela kumamilimitha amathathu. Unamehlo amabili amakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, izibungu zidla e-plankton. I-Zoe yenza ama-molts ama-3-4 lapho ikhula.
Ngemuva kwezixhumanisi ezi-4-5, izibungu zidlulela esigabeni se-glaucoma. Kulesi sigaba, unezimpondo ezincane kakhulu, amehlo akhe asezingeni, futhi imilenze yokuqala iguqulwa ibe yizicucu. I-Glaukotoe ibukeka njengodoti omdala. Lesi sigaba sihlala cishe inyanga, ekugcineni kwayo isibungu sikhule sibe ngamamilimitha ayi-5.
Ngaphambi kwesigaba sokugcina, imifantu esemncane iqala ukufuna igobolondo. Uma kuphuma umqhele olwandle ngaphandle kwegobolondo, imvamisa iyafa.
Emhlabeni, imifantu esencane isebenza ikakhulu ebusuku, kuthi phakathi nosuku icashe kuyo imifantu ehlukahlukene nemifantu.
Iziphakamiso zokulungiswa kokulunywa kwe-hermit
Lezi zinkalankala zigcinwa kumathafa agobekile. Inhlabathi ithelelwa ngokwengxenye ngamanzi, kepha izinga lamanzi kufanele libe eliphansi kakhulu, njengoba imihlaba yasemhlabeni imila kalula.
Owezinkuni zokhuni banesikhathi sokuthomba ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
I-terrarium kufanele ibe nenani elanele lezindlu zamagobolondo ukuze imvuthuluka ikwazi ukuthola izindlu ezifanele ngemuva komunye umolt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukubeka izingcezu zokhuni, amakhorali, amahlumela nezitshalo zokufakelwa.
Isihlabathi esihlanzekile, amakhukhunathi kakhukhunathi kanye nobucwebe obukhulu obuphakathi asetshenziswa njengesiqalo. Isigaqa esingezansi kufanele sigcotshwe lapho kuba umanzi. Ungaqukatha imfishi yokhuni ngamaqembu, ngakho-ke kuzojabulisa ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Amakati kufanele abhukude masonto onke. Izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium ligcinwa kuma-23- 28 degrees, futhi umswakama usesifundeni sama-50-70%.
Ukondla imifino ye-hermit kulula kakhulu, ngoba kuyamangaza, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-feed ezikhethekile ezinhlanzi.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ukuvela nokuthuthuka kwesizukulwane esisha se-Opilio
Lapho usayizi we-carapace efika ku-40-50 mm, singasho ukuthi umqhele usufinyelele ebusheni. Owesilisa ulungele ngokuphelele ukunikeza inzalo ngemuva kokuncibilikisa okubulalayo, lapho ububanzi bekhaphethi yayo bufinyelela okungenani ku-60 mm, ubukhulu be-120 mm. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubukhulu bezikhafu buyashintsha, buba banzi kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuhluma kwentwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli noMeyi. Ngaphambi kokubhanqa, izintambo ziluhlaza. Owesilisa oyedwa angafaka izinsikazi eziningana ngesizini eyodwa. Amandla okuzala we-opilio akhulu kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi lezidumbu ziyafa, ngakho-ke kudingeka siphephe. Owesifazane oyedwa ukhiqiza amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-150.
Njengoba ukudoba okuthengiswayo kuthinta kuphela imifantu yeduna, kungenzeka angabi namandla okuzala. Kepha imvelo ibone kusengaphambili ukuguquka kwemicimbi okunjalo. Owesifazane angagcina isidoda emnyangweni wakhe okhethekile womzimba bese uwusebenzisa. Kepha imvamisa abesilisa banele.Cishe isonto noma amabili ngaphambi kokukhula, amadlanzana ashubile ayatholana, kanti owesilisa ubamba untombazana wakhe emilenzeni. Ngakho-ke ubeka amalungelo akhe kuye futhi avikele ekuvinjelweni. Sonke isikhathi lapho amahloka ebamba insikazi, umqhele awudli lutho, nentokazi incibilika. Lapho umolt uphela, indoda emnene iyamsiza ukuba asuse igobolondo lakudala, bese kuba ngumanyolo, kuthi emva kwalokho othiyayo ashiye umngane wakhe bese ejaha eyofuna okusha.
Insikazi inendawo ekhethekile ye-caviar emilenzeni yayo, lapho ihlala khona ukuze ivuthwe. Le nqubo yinde, ihlala kusuka onyakeni iye eminyakeni emithathu, kuthi emva kwalokho, ekugcineni, isibungu sezibungu. Okwamanje kubathathela engcupheni yabo. Bambalwa abasinda futhi bakhule babe badala. Izibungu zihlala ebusweni, ikakhulukazi eziningi zazo ziqongelela ngemijikelezo. Ngakho-ke, e-plankton, akhona izinyanga ezingama-3-5. Izibungu ze-opelio zifana ne-shrimp ngokubukeka kwazo.
Izingane eziwinile ukhetho lwendalo ziphenduka izimfudu ezincane ezisolisayo - megalop. Behlela ezansi, lapho bondla khona izinhlayiya ze-organo-mineral - detritus. Lesi sikhathi sithatha inyanga eyodwa. Ekupheleni kwayo, i-megalope molts bese iphenduka ibe yinkabazwe egcwele konke, okusafanele ikhule. Njengoba sesifinyelele eminyakeni emine, u-opilio uthola zonke izici zomuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili. Ngokwesilinganiso, izintambo zihlala iminyaka eyi-12 ukuya kwengu-19.
Ukuzalela ekhaya
Ukukhulisa imifantu kudinga ulwazi oluthile nokwakhiwa kwezimo ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlobo ngayinye yalezi zilwane inesimo sayo nendawo yokuhlala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla okuzala kabusha e-aquarium kanye nezimo ezilungele ukwenziwa kabusha nokukhulisa izingane nazo zihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene.
Isitsha esifaneleke kakhulu sokwenza ngcono ikhaya yi-aquaterrarium, ngoba impilo yonke egcwele impilo idinga amanzi nomhlaba.
Ungakhulisa Kanjani Amanzi Amanzi Amanzi Amanzi
Ama-crustaceans anjalo achitha iningi lesikhathi sawo esemhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, izinga lamanzi e-aquarium akufanele libe ngaphezulu kuka-12-15 cm, iziqhingi eziningana kufanele zibe semanzini - ngoba lokhu, amatshe namatshe e-Driftwood kufanelekile, kuba phezu kwabo ukuthi isilwane sijabule ngokuphumula futhi sisike ngaphansi kwemisebe yesibani. Njenge-substrate, ungasebenzisa isihlabathi noma amatshe abunjiwe.
Umqhele wamanzi amnandi awukhethi ekukhetheni kokudla, futhi imvamisa ukudla kwawo kuyizigaxa zegazi, iminenke, izingcezu zenyama entsha noma yenhlanzi. Ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okunamandla ngezinsalela zokudla nemikhiqizo eyimfucuza, isilwane akufanele sondliwe ngaphezu kwesisodwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3.
Ukuzala imifantu ehlala emanzini olwandle
Ama-crabs anjalo, njengamathingo noma uLwandle Olumnyama, kufanele agcinwe emanzini anosawoti, ngoba ukuwafaka emanzini acwebile angadala ukubulawa kwenzalo.
Ubulili benkala bunqunywa ngesimo sowangaphansi, kowesilisa kuncane, kowesifazane kubanzi.
Ukugcina ikhwalithi yamanzi edingekayo, ungasebenzisa usawoti wolwandle wemvelo noma ngokuzimela ulungiselele isisombululo salezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- I-Baking soda - izonyusa izinga le-pH lifinyelele ezingeni elidingakalayo,
- I-calcium Chloride - ukwengeza lesi sakhi kuzokwengeza ubulukhuni bamanzi,
- Usawoti - ungezwa ngesilinganiso se-3 g ilitha ngalinye.
Usawoti ubalulekile nangesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, ngoba izinkalankala ziguqula igobolondo lazo eliyisihlwitha ngenkathi lisemanzini. Njengoba le nqubo idinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nesilwane, izindawo zokukhosela ezingaphansi kwamanzi kufanele zihlelwe ku-crab lapho isilwane sizozizwa sikhululekile.
Esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika, kubalulekile ukugcina amazinga okushisa kwamanzi ku-aquaterrarium ngo-20 ° C, ngoba leli lokushisa lihambisana nelangempela lemvelo.
Ukuzala imifantu yaseLwandle Olumnyama ekhaya kuyinqubo enzima edinga amakhono nemizamo, kodwa ngokudala indawo efanelekile kuyo, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi zizala inzalo esebenzayo.
Hlobo luni lwezidalwa olungophisi?
Igama elithi "crab" uqobo laqhamuka ku-Dutch krab noma krabbe yaseGerman, okususelwa ku-krabbein, okusho ukuthi "khasa, isisulu", otholwe ngenxa yendlela lezi zilwane ezihamba ngayo.
I -fish crayfish - iqembu elikhethekile lama-crustaceans - libizwa ngokuthi yi-crab. Amakhansa angamalunga ohlobo lwe-arthropod, aqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele semilenze. Isidumbu salezi zilwane simbozwe ngegobolondo eli-chitinous, okuyi-exoskeleton. Njengoba amakhubalo akhula, alahla amadala, asephenduke amancane, igobolondo, okushiya umzimba othambile ungavikeleki. Ngenkathi ye-molt, kuze kube yilapho isilwane sesakhe igobolondo elisha elilukhuni, isikhathi sokuzala siqala ukubila.
Izimbambo ezinhlanu zemilenze zaziyisizathu sokubiza ama-crustaceans decapods. Imilenze emibili yangaphambili, ehlome ngezihlakala, isebenzisa umdlavuza ngezingalo nangezikhali. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zikakhrayoni zinemidwebo ehlukene nobude bezikhafu. Kukhona abantu abanezindala zobude obufanayo, futhi kukhona izidalwa ezinamawele wobude obuhlukile nobumo. Umbhangqwana wokugcina kwezinye izinhlobo zamanzi waguqulwa ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo waba uhlobo lwama-oars. Amawa awazi ukuthi ubhukuda kanjani; ahamba phansi olwandle ezinyaweni zawo ikakhulukazi emaceleni.
Ama-decapods adla kuma-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izinhlanzi ezincane, i-algae, i-carrion, konke lokhu abakuthola phansi noma abangazibamba. Ama-crayfish azingela futhi azingele ukudla ngosizo lwezinzipho, ezingaba nezinhloso ezihlukile. Kwezinye izinhlobo, uzipho olukhudlwana lusebenza ukuqhekeza amagobolondo aqinile noma ukuvikela, futhi ngozipho oluncane basika ukudla okuthambile. Iqiniso elithokozisayo latholakala ososayensi, bebheka indlela yokuziphatha kwama crustaceans: phakathi kwabo kunabantu abakunxele nakwesobunxele.
Ama-crayfish ahlukile ku-crayfish esimweni esiyindilinga segobolondo esivikela i-cephalothorax, izitho zangaphakathi, kanye nesisu esifushane, esifakwe ngaphansi kophahla lwe-carapace. Isici esijabulisayo ukusungululwa kwemphisi: lapho kuncibilika, isilwane siphonsa isembozo saso se-chitin ngokuphelele, kufaka phakathi amehlo, imilenze nobuso bezitho zangaphakathi. Ukulimaza kaningana, umuntu angakhula imilenze edabukayo. Owembala abasha bachitha kaningi kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkubela zomlott kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo, njengoba zikhula njalo. Phakathi kwalezo ezikhula kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zazo, imifantu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyakhula.
Ngimaphi amakhubalo amakhulu?
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomphala, akekho umholi ophelele ngosayizi, kodwa izinhlobo eziningana ziyahlukahluka kubantu abakhulu kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, isicabucabu se-crab esihlala oLwandle lwaseJapan sithathwa njengobambe amarekhodi ngosayizi. Ububanzi be-carapace bomuntu omkhulu bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5, futhi ibanga phakathi kokusakazeka kwezifaca lifinyelela kumamitha amane. Isisindo saleso simo singaphezu kwama-40 kg. Kepha lokhu kuyinto eseceleni, ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu balawa ma-arthropods acishe abe yingxenye yemitha egobolondweni bese uzipho lufinyelele kumamitha amathathu, inesisindo esingama-20 kg. Lezi zidalwa ziphila, mhlawumbe, kuze kube yiminyaka eyikhulu.
Okulandelayo ngosayizi ubukhosi, noma i-Kamchatka, crab. Abantu abanegobolondo kuze kube ngamasentimitha amathathu ububanzi futhi ubude besikhala bufika kumamitha ayi-1,5 bafinyelela isisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-7, futhi abanye ababikezeli basondela kumaki wamakhilogremu ayishumi. Lesi silwane sihlala olwandle sigeza ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Ekude naseLwandle iBarents, lapho sasixazululwa khona ngokuthile.
Umqhele omkhulu womhlaba, owaziwa eRussia njengombala onsundu, noma odliwayo, ungaphansi kwesibukhosi. Umzimba ucishe ube ngu-25 cm ngosayizi, unesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu nesigamu uwenza ube omunye wabamele abakhulu bama-crustaceans. Amacala angawodwa ayaziwa lapho umqhele onsundu usufinyelele ngobukhulu obukhulu. Uhla luhlanganisa ingxenye esenyakatho yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic.
Coconut crab
Kepha hhayi olwandle kuphela ezihlala imifantu emikhulu. Esiqhingini soLwandlekazi i-Indian, kukhona umkhovu womhlaba omkhulu emhlabeni - ukhukhunathi. Elinye lamagama alesi sidalwa isela lesundu, ngomkhuba wokuhudulela kuye konke okulele futhi kukhanye. Yize isela lesundu libukeka njengo crab, alilona ngokwesayensi. Esikhundleni salokho, kungenye yezinhlobo ze-hermit crab.
Umzimba olinganiselwa ku-40 cm wenza lo umdlavuza ube yi-arthropod enkulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Abadala bafinyelela isisindo esingama-kilos amane. Isela lesundu lifinyelela usayizi ofanayo ngeminyaka engamashumi amane, futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwabo sidlula iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha.
Amasela ahola indlela yokuphila yobusuku obumnyama, adla izithelo zezitshalo, izilwane ezincane noma abanye abamele izinhlobo zazo. Ukubukeka okwesabisayo kwenza kungathandeki ukuhlangana naye ebumnyameni, kepha izilwane uqobo lwazo aziba songo ebantwini. Kuphela uma, lapho uhlangana nesela lesundu, uzama ukulubamba, lapho-ke ungasho kahle eminwe yakho. Izinzipho zalo mdlavuza ziguqulwa ukuze zihlukanise ukhukhunathi, futhi kukhona amabutho anele ezindongeni zokuthwala umthwalo onobunzima obungama-kilos amathathu.
Ntambama, isela lesundu lifihla emiseleni ebhajwe esihlabathini, noma emifantwini yamawa asogwini. Umdlavuza ufakwe ngogwayi lukakhukhunathi ukuvikela indawo yalo yokucima ukoma. Yize umqhele omdala uthanda ukuhlala emhlabeni ngenxa yamaphethini okuphefumula, izilwane ezincane zihlala emanzini asogwini zize zibe neminyaka emihlanu. Lapho ineminyaka emihlanu ubudala, usayizi wethala lomkhovu kakhukhunathi ufinyelela ku-10 cm, bese kuthi amabhisikidi akhiwe kabusha ngokuphefumula komoya-mpilo womoya. Kulesi sikhathi, isela elincane liya ezweni, endaweni yokuhlala yaphakade, ukuze lingaphinde libuyele olwandle impilo yonke.
Amakati afinyelela ekuthweni ngeminyaka eyishumi. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izilwane zibamba iqhaza enqubweni yokuzalanisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlwathi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa izinsikazi, lapho i-exoskeleton entsha isathambile futhi ingaphazamisi ukwenziwa kwamaqanda owesifazane afaka ngaphansi kwesisu sakhe, ebambe imilenze. Njengoba abesilisa besilisa ngemuva kwezinsikazi, bavikela izinsikazi ezitheni ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwamaqanda, insikazi iya olwandle ibeke amaqanda emanzini ngesikhathi sokugudla okukhulu. Akangeni manzi nhlobo, ngoba ayisakwazi ukuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Yize amasela ethanda isizungu, kusukela maphakathi noJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, isifiso sokutholwa siyabakhona futhi izinkalankala zabesilisa zinganuka intombi yazo amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ama-crustaceans alezi zinhlobo anomqondo oqinile kakhulu wephunga, okuhlukanisa phakathi kwabamele ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ama-Receptors kanye nomuzwa okhethekile wephunga, ongekho kwezinye izimfene, azisize ekuhogeleni iphunga lomuntu wobulili obuhlukile noma iphunga lokudla.
Yize ukubonakala komqhele kungadala isimo sokwethuka kumuntu ongajwayelekile, inani lalezi zilwane ezingavamile liyancipha minyaka yonke. Ukubanjwa okukhulu kwentsha evuthiwe ngokocansi kanye nezilwane ezincane ezingafinyeleli ekuvuthweni kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kweningi lalaba bantu abanohlonze.
Inyama yamasela esundu, njengezinye izinhlobo zomphala, ingukudla okumnandi. Inyama enempilo, enempilo yabantu abasha yaziswa kakhulu ngama-gourmet omhlaba wonke. Inothile ngamafutha acid, amaprotheni ne-iodine, kubhekwa njengokudla ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate kuyo.
Inyama yamasela yi-aphrodisiac eyaziwayo ethinta abesilisa nabesifazane. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo ezihlukile, inani lezinhlanzi zesinhlanzi selinciphile kakhulu, ngakho-ke abaphathi bamazwe lapho kunabantu abaningi balezi zilwane bakunciphise ukuzingela kwabo ukuze bavikele ekuqothulweni.
Mayelana nokuthi yikuphi umqhele omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, bheka ividiyo elandelayo.
Ukubona le arthropod emangalisayo, wonke umuntu onovalo uyoqala ukwethuka nokumangala - ngoba emhlabeni akukho okujabulisa futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, kubi kakhulu kunendawo kakhukhunathi. Kunoma ikuphi, phakathi kwama-arthropods - ngemuva kwakho konke, uthathwa kufanele njengommeleli wawo omkhulu kunabo bonke.
1. Umkhovu kakhukhunathi unamanye "amagama" amaningi: isibonelo, isela lesela noma isela lesundu - phela, le arthropod eyinqaba intshontsha inyamazane yayo. Abahambi bamakhulu eminyaka edlule abavakashele iziqhingi ezisakazwa eWest Pacific nase-Indian Ocean batshela ukuthi umqhele kakhukhunathi ufihlekile emehlweni ansundu eluhlaza obukhulu bemithi yesundu ukuze bakwazi ukubamba inyamazane yabo, ilele ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma eduzane. Okuvela kuye.
2. Cocabut crabut (lat. Birgus latro) empeleni akuyona umqhele nhlobo, ngaphandle kokubukeka okufana nesihlobo se-arthropod okukhulunywa ngaso egameni. Lokhu umhluzi we-hermit womhlaba wohlobo lwe-decapod crayfish.
Ngokokukhuluma, ungabiza futhi isela lesundu ngokuthi i-arthropod enwebu, ngoba ingxenye yempilo yakhe yenzeka kulolo lwandle, futhi ngisho nama-crustaceans amancane avela kukholamu yamanzi. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezinesibeletho esithambile esiswini esingenakuzivikela phansi zizungeza phansi zithola indlu ethembekile, engasebenza njengegobolondo le-nati negobolondo elingenalutho le-mollusk.
3. "Ebuntwaneni", i-birgus latro ayihlukile kakhulu kuhlobo lwe-hermit: idonsa igobolondo layo ngemuva kwayo bese ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi emanzini. Kepha uma eseshiyile endaweni eyisidina futhi esehambile amanzi, ngeke esakwazi ukubuyela lapho, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ethwale indlu eshisiwe. Ngokungafani nesisu sangaphambi kukakhaza, isisu saso akusona isithende se-Achilles futhi kancane kancane siqina, bese umsila ugoba ngaphansi komzimba, uvikela umzimba ekuncekeni. Ngenxa yamaphaphu ayo akhethekile, iqala ukuphefumula iphume emanzini.
Ngamaqiniso, iningi lezinganekwane laphawula lesi sici saso - abantu baseYurophu bokuqala abafika kulezi ziqhingi bachaza imvelo yamakholoni njengezidalwa ezazicashe phakathi kwamaqabunga ezihlahla ezinezimpondo ezinde ezazivele zangena emhlabathini zabamba inyamazane, zazehlela ezimvwini nasezimbuzi. Ososayensi baqinisekisile ukuthi i-birgus latro inamandla amakhulu futhi ingakhuphula isisindo esingama-30 kg. Kodwa-ke, bathola ukuthi imfene isebenzisa amakhono ayo ukuze idonsele izimpahla endaweni ngendawo, ikhetha ukudla izilwane ezifile, imfoloko nezithelo eziwile.
4. Yimuphi umdlavuza okwazi ukuba khona ngokulingana kahle emanzini nasemhlabeni? Kuyavela ukuthi imvelo ehlakaniphile ibanikeze amathuluzi wokuphefumula ngasikhathi sinye: amaphaphu, umoya umoya waphezulu emhlabeni, kanye nama-gill avumela ukuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho isitho sesibili siphulukana nemisebenzi yaso, futhi amasela esundu kufanele aguqukele ngokuphelele kwindlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni.
5. Labo abafisa ukuhlangana nesimangaliso esinjalo kuzofanele baye ezindaweni ezishisayo - imfoloko kakhukhunathi itholakala eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian nakwezinye iziqhingi ezisentshonalanga yePacific. Akulula ukuzibona ngokukhanya kosuku: amasela esundu ahola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, futhi lapho ilanga libalele bacasha emifantweni yamatshe noma emincibeni yesihlabathi efakwe ngofeleba lukakhukhunathi - lokhu kusiza ekugcineni izinga elidingekayo lomswakama ekhaya.
6. Futhi yize inguquko yokuthi umdlavuza ungabhoboza ukhukhunathi ngamaphini ayo angaphambili yehluleke kabi, izimbambo zayo zakhiwa ngokwanele ukukhuphuka isiqu somuthi wesundu noma zingalunywa yiphinini lomunwe. Futhi umdlavuza awukhathaleli kakhukhunathi: inyama enomsoco yisitsha esiyinhloko kwimenyu yayo, esiyibiza ngegama elithi “coconut”.
7. Kwesinye isikhathi ukudliwa kwekhrayoni kuyacetshiswa ngezithelo zikaphaphu, futhi ngokusho kweminye imithombo, amasela esundu ayenzeka adle uhlobo lwawo. I-Hungry crab ithola ngokunembile "indawo yokudlela" eseduze: ukuhamba kwayo kwangaphakathi kungumqondo omnandi wephunga, okuletha kumthombo wokudla, noma ngabe kukude ngamakhilomitha.
Ngokuqondene nesimo "samasela" somdlavuza, lokhu kungenxa yesifiso saso esingenakuphikiswa sokudonsela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezivela esigabeni salokho okulele kabi - esidliwayo hhayi.
Inyama kakhukhunathi ayigcini nje phakathi kwezidlakela, kepha futhi ingeyama-aphrodisiacs, ngakho-ke, la ma-arthropods azingelwa ngentshiseko. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqothulwa kwabo ngokuphelele, amanye amazwe anemikhawulo eqinile ekubanjweni kwezinkonkoni zikakhukhunathi.
9. Umzimba womqhele kakhukhunathi, njengawo wonke ama-decapods, uhlukaniswe engxenyeni engaphambili (cephalothorax), lapho kukhona imilenze eyi-10 nesisu. Imilenze yangaphambili, enkulu kunazo zonke inezimpofana ezinkulu (uzipho), kanti uzipho lwesobunxele lukhulu kakhulu kunokudla kwesokudla. Lo mbhangqwana olandelayo olandelayo, njengamanye amakhambi, amakhulu, anamandla anamaphethelo abukhali, asetshenziswa ngophisi lukakhukhunathi ukuhamba endaweni eqondile noma ethambekele.Imilenze yesine incane kakhulu kunalena yokuqala emithathu, evumela ukuthi imifino yamakhokhonathi encane ihlale kumagobolondo e-mollusk noma kumagobolondo kakhukhunathi, ukunikeza isivikelo. Abantu abadala basebenzisa lo mbhangqwana ukuhamba nokukhwela. Lesi sakamuva, umbhangqwana omncane kakhulu, ovame ukufihla ngaphakathi egobolondweni, sisetshenziswa abesifazane ukunakekela amaqanda, nabesilisa ukuba bahlangane.
10. Ngaphandle kwesigaba se-larval, ama-coconut crabs awakwazi ukubhukuda, futhi ngokuqinisekile azominza uma ehlala emanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora. Ukuze uphefumule, zisebenzisa isitho esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi ngamaphaphu we-gill. Lesi sitho sinokuhunyushwa njengesigaba sokuthuthuka phakathi kwama-gill namaphaphu, futhi kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuguqulwa kogobela kakhukhunathi endaweni yazo. Amaphaphu we-gill aqukethe izicubu ezifana nalezo ezitholakala kuma-gill, kepha zilungele ukuthola i-oksijini emoyeni, hhayi emanzini.
11. Ukhukhunathi lukakhukhunathi unomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga, elisebenzisa ukusesha ukudla. Njengama-crabs amaningi ahlala emanzini, anezitho ezikhethekile ezitholakala ezintuthwaneni ezinquma ukunaka nokuqondisa kwephunga.
12. Emini, la ma-arthropods adonsela indawo ngemisele noma emadwaleni amadwala, afakwe umucu owenziwe kakhukhunathi noma amahlamvu ukukhulisa umswakama ekhaya. Ngenkathi iphumula emgodini wayo, umqhele kakhukhunathi uvala umnyango ngesigaxa esisodwa ukuze kugcinwe i-microclimate emanzi emgodini, okudingekayo kwizitho zayo zokuphefumula.
13. Njengoba igama libonisa, lo crab udla on coconuts, futhi empeleni ukwazi ukukhuphuka intende kakhukhunathi, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama, lapho ibeka khona ukhukhunathi ngezinsimbi ezinamandla uma ingatholakali emhlabeni. Uma ukhukhunathi owileyo ungaqhekeki ngesikhathi sokuwa, imvuthuluka izoyikhipha isonto lonke, noma ngisho ezimbili, ize ifinyelele epulini elinamanzi le-nati. Uma lesi sisebenzi esidikidiki sikhathaza umqhele, siphakamisa ukhukhunathi esihlahleni bese siwaphosa phansi ukuze sikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi waso. Uma zibuyela emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ziyawa, kepha ngaphandle kokulahleka kwempilo ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukuwa kusuka ukuphakama okungamamitha ama-4. Ukhukhunathi kakhukhunathi ngeke wenqabe kwezinye izithelo, izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa kanye ne-carrion. Baphinde babonwa bebamba futhi bedla amagundane asePolynesia.
14. Elinye igama lakhe liyisela lesundu, walithola ngenxa yothando lwayo yonke into egqamile. Uma crab, isipuni, imfoloko, noma enye into ecwebezelayo ingena ngendlela crab, qiniseka ukuthi nakanjani izozama ukuyidonsela emgodini wayo.
15. Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amasela esundu aqala isikhathi sokuzala. Inqubo yokuqomisana ihlala ende futhi eyisidina, kepha ukugoqa ngokwayo kwenzeka ngokushesha. Owesifazane uphatha amaqanda avundisiwe izinyanga eziningi ohlangothini lwesisu olungezansi. Lapho amaqanda esekulungele ukudonsa, insikazi yehlela ogwini lolwandle ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okukhulu bese ikhipha izibungu emanzini. Emavikini amathathu kuya amane alandelayo, izibungu ezintantayo emanzini zidlulela ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25 kuye kwezingu-30, imifantu encane esivele icwile ezansi, yahlala kumagobolondo ama-gastropods, futhi ilungiselela ukufudukela emhlabathini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi izinsana zivakashela umhlaba, futhi kancane kancane zilahlekelwe amandla okuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi, ekugcineni ziqhubekela endaweni enkulu. Ukokhunathi kakhukhunathi afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba cishe iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokuqokwa, kepha afinyelele usayizi wawo omkhulu ngeminyaka engama-40 kuphela.
16. Amasela esundu ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, eziqhingini zolwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nolasentshonalanga yePacific. IChristmas Island eLwandlekazi i-Indian inabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni.
17. Ososayensi baseSweden nabase-Australia baqinisekisile ubuqiniso bazo zonke izindaba ezimayelana nokubanjiswa kukhukhunathi. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zaseziqhingini zasePacific zazithi zingamamayela ngamakhilomitha ambalwa, ngokwesibonelo, inyama noma izithelo ezivuthiwe.Ngempela, izithiyo eziyisipesheli ezitshalwe abacwaningi zaheha ukunakwa kwamasela, nokho azilahla izingcezu zesinkwa esivamile lapho kutholakala khona imifantu ejwayelekile.
18. Umsebenzi we-janitor, empeleni, awubi futhi awusizo, nokho, njengoba isidalwa se-birgus latro sihamba ebusuku kakhulu futhi singenamusa kakhulu, lapho sikhubeka kuwo, abantu bendawo abanamdlandla ikakhulukazi. Ukwehla kwezinombolo zayo kwaphoqa abaphathi bendawo ukuthi babeke umkhawulo wokubamba i-birgus latro. EPapua New Guinea, kwenqatshelwe ukuyifaka kumamenyu yokudlela; esiqhingini saseSaipan - ukubamba izinkuku ngegobolondo elingaphansi kuka-3.5 cm, futhi futhi kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba, ngesikhathi sokuzala.
19. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo ye-gill, lo mhlaba ongaphansi kophawu lwe-hermit uthola imifantu yesikhumba lapho amagatsha emithambo yegazi eminingana. Lawa ngamaphaphu wangempela avumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen egcwalisa imithambo yomoya gill. Amaphaphu akhishwa umoya ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-scaphognathitis, futhi ngenxa yekhono lezilwane ukukhulisa nokunciphisa i-carapace ngezikhathi ezithile, okusebenzela kuyo izicubu ezikhethekile.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye ama-gill, kepha amancane amancane ngosayizi. Ukususa amagilebhisi akuzange kulimaze ukuphefumula nhlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umdlavuza waphelelwa amandla okuphefumula emanzini. Isela elicwiliswe emanzini lafa ngemuva kwamahora ama-4. Isela lesundu limba imbobo engajulile emhlabathini, eliboshwe ngemicu kakhukhunathi. UCharles Darwin uthi abomdabu kwezinye iziqhingi bakhetha emigodini yesela lesundu lemicu abayidingayo epulazini labo elilula. Kwesinye isikhathi isela lesundu lineliswa yizindawo zokuphephela zemvelo - imisele emadwaleni, imigwaqo esezisetshenziswa zamakhorali, kepha ngisho ezimweni ezinjalo basebenzisa izinto zezitshalo ukuzimboza, okugcina umswakama ophezulu endlini.
Amagama: umhlabathi umhlaza, umhlaba wezitshalo ezishisayo, crabbean hermit crab, crab izinkuni.
Indawo: UHermit Crab uhlala eCaribbean (Bahamas, Belize, Venezuela, Islands Islands, West Indies naseFlorida), kuze kufike ku-880 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.
Incazelo: Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa. Umhluzi we-hermit unamabili ngamabili wemilenze.Ubhangqa bokuqala izigaxa. Uzipho lwesobunxele lisebenzela ukuvikela, nelungelo lokudla. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi ngohlamvu lwesobunxele, umqhele uvimba ukungena kwesinki. Imilenze yesibili neyesithathu isetshenziselwa ukuhamba. Imilenze yesibili nelesihlanu mncane kakhulu futhi i-hermit crab ayikaze ibakhiphe egobolondweni. Ukuphefumula kwenzeka ngeziglu. Umzimba uphakeme ngamasilinda, embozwe izinwele. Ingaphambili lomqhele limbozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile, ingxenye yesisu ithambile. Izimbili ezimbili zezinsizwa ezibuyekayo: isetshenziswa isimbambo eside ukuthinta, esifushane - ukuhogela. Umbono omuhle. Ezocansi zinganqunywa umqhele otholakala ngaphandle kwegobolondo. Owesilisa unezinwele engxenyeni yokuqala yemilenze yokugcina futhi akukho lutho olwengeziwe emgodini wesisu.
Umbala: izigaxa zingunsomi (imifantu iningi), nsundu, ulamula nokubomvu.
Isisindo: Crab ye-hermit ekhulile inesisindo esingu-110 g.
Iskhathi sempilo: ekudingisweni kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-11.
Indawo yokuhlala: ugu olunesihlabathi lweziqhingi zaseCaribbean, olungamakhilomitha ayi-1,8-3,5 ukusuka emaphethelweni amanzi. Itholakala ezitshalweni zasogwini: izihlahla nama mangange. I-Hermit crab igwema uhlaza obukhulu nezixhaphozi. Prefers amanzi anosawoti omncane.
Izitha: inhlanzi inyamazane izibungu.
Ukudla / Ukudla: idla ebusuku. I-scavenger ye-omnivorous, idla ngisho nezithelo zekhokhasi kanye nokuphonswa kwehhashi elisha noma inkomo.
Ukuziphatha: isilwane sasebusuku. Alithandi ilanga nokushisa. Ifihla emiseleni emincane phakathi nosuku, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, amatshe nezinkuni. Ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini - kuyacwila. I-hermit crab molts eyodwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-12-18, nabancane izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.Ngemuva kokuncibilika, idlulela echibini elisha, elikhulu,. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi livela ngehora lesishiyagalombili kusihlwa. Kumazinga okushisa angama-20 ° C noma ngaphansi, umsebenzi uyancipha, ngo-18 ° C uyakhukhumala.
Isakhiwo senhlalo: isilwane senhlalo - sihlala ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Ukuzala: Isilinganiso sobulili: imihlaza enesisindo esingaphansi kwama-gramu ayi-10. - Abesifazane abangu-4-25 kubo bonke abesilisa abanesisindo esingu-20-50 g. - Abesifazane abangu-1-2 kwabesilisa abathathu abanesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 amagremu. - Abesilisa abayisi-3 kwabesilisa abesilisa. Ngokuzicelela, izinsikazi nezinsikazi kuphuma emagobolondweni abo. Owesifazane othile osemncane ubeka amaqanda angama-800 kuya kwangama-900, umuntu omdala - 40-50000. Amaqanda asanda kubekwa anombala onsundu obomvu. Ngaphezu kwenyanga ezayo, kancane kancane ziba mpunga noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emavikini lamatsatfu ngemuva kwekutsandzana, insikazi ingena emanti angajulile. Lapho, uqoqa amaqanda akhe ngemilenze yakhe yesihlanu awabeke phezu kwamatshe amanzi, lapho ahlanzwa khona amaza olwandle.
Isikhathi sonyaka / ukuzalanisa: Agasti-Okthoba.
Ukuthomba: ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
I-progeny: izibungu zihamba ngezigaba eziningana zokuthuthuka: zoe, glaucothoe, omncane hermit crab. Ngaphansi kwe-metamorphosis, izibungu zihlala phansi bese kamuva zifika emhlabathini. I-Zoe (zoea) - yinde, incane, inamehlo amabili amakhulu, ifinyelela kubude obufika ku-3 mm. Idla ngeplankton. Ikhula ngokusebenzisa i-molting (3-4 molting). Ngemuva kwezixhumanisi ezi-4-5, uZoe ungena esigabeni se-glaucoma. Manje iso lezibungu likulezi ziqu. Kuvela amabanga amabili e-antennae atholakalayo. Imilenze emibili yokuqala iphenduka ibe yizicucu. Kulesi sigaba, izibungu ziyafana nomuntu omdala. Isigaba se-glaucomotoe sithatha cishe inyanga (ekugcineni kwesigaba, izibungu zifinyelela ku-5 mm ubude). Ngaphambi kokuphela kwalesi sigaba sokuthuthuka, onkuku abasha baqala ukufuna amagobolondo afanele. Amagwababa aphuma olwandle ngaphandle kwegobolondo ngokuvamile ayafa. Ukuya emhlabeni, imifino esemncane kakhulu ebusuku. Emini, bacasha ngemifantu ehlukahlukene, ngaphansi kwezingodo, noma batheleke esihlabathini.
Ama-crabs, kanye ne-crayfish, angabameleli abadumile kakhulu be-crustacean detachment (futhi futhi izibiliboco lapho ukufunwa kwabathengi kungazange kwehle iminyaka eminingi). Kepha akuwona wonke amamodeli alezi zilwane afuna ukudla - kwesinye isikhathi abadobi kufanele babambe abantu abakhulu ekufanele ukubafaka e-aquarium futhi bajabulele lesi simangaliso sendalo. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyiphi i-crab enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni?
Le arthropod, eyi-Majidae ye-oda, ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha angamakhulu amane oLwandle lwaseJapan futhi inobukhulu obumangaza lo mbono. Umbala omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni ufinyelela isisindo esingamakhilogremu angamashumi amabili, umugqa wegobolondo lawo ufinyelela kumamitha ayisigamu nesigamu, futhi ubude besandla ngasinye bucishe bube ngamamitha amane. Imidwebo eqondile, okuyizikhali ezinamandla, ingaba ngamasentimitha angama-40 ubude emadodeni, kwabesifazane kuvame ukuba ngaphansi. Amagwababa ale nhlobo afana kakhulu nezicabucabu ezinkulu, yingakho abizwa ngokuthi "umqhele wesicabucabu omkhulu."
Ngokokuqala ngqa, umqhele wesicabucabu wachazwa ngusosayensi wemvelo nomuntu ohamba eJalimane E. Kampfer. Ikhanda nesifuba se-arthropod kuvikelwe yi-carapace eyisicaba ephetha nge-engela eyingozi. Igobolondo limbozwe kakhulu ngama-tubercles kanye ne-spikes, enikeza isilwane isivikelo esithembekile kwabazingeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igobolondo linenani elikhulu lento okuthiwa yi-chitin, ngenxa yokuthi ingamelana nengcindezi yamanzi. Amalunga emilenzeni crab ane-cartilage ebushelelezi kakhulu, anciphisa ukungqubuzana, futhi avumele i-arthropod ukuthi ihambise eceleni nje komgwaqo.
Ososayensi bathi umqhele wesicabucabu ungaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyikhulu, yize iminyaka yobudala bokuqagela yakudala inganqunywa
Imisebenzi yolwembu lwesicabucabu saseJapan esimisweni semvelo icishe ifane naleyo yenyoni ye-vulture: idla amathambo ezilwane eziphila olwandle, izitshalo kanye nemoll. Ngenxa yalokhu, inyama yezinkalankala ezindala iba munyu ngandlela-thile. Ngakho-ke, yizilwane ezisencane kuphela ezilungele ukondliwa kwabantu, futhi abantu abadala ababanjwe kunethiwekhi bayadedelwa noma bathunyelwe kuma-zoo nasezi-aquarium.
Ngo-2013, ummeleli omkhulu owaziwayo walezinhlobo, umqhele, owabizwa ngokuthi yiKong, wabanjwa emanzini ngaseTokyo. Isikhala semilenze yakhe sasingamamitha amathathu, kepha umqhele usemncane futhi usazoqhubeka nokukhula, ukuze ngokwezibikezelo ezizayo esikhathini esizayo akwazi ukukwazi ukuthoba ngisho nokugibela imoto. Ekuqaleni, abadobi basemzaneni bahlela ukwenza isobho kusuka kulesi silwane esikhulu, kodwa base beguqula izingqondo zabo babiza isazi sebhayoloji somngani oweza wathenga iKong for a zoo yaseBrithani edolobheni laseWeismouth. Ngakho-ke, lo mbala waba omkhulu kunabo bonke owake wathunjwa. Kungekudala kuhlelwe ukuthi amhambise eMunich Zoo.
Inani lalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo liyancipha minyaka yonke. Iqiniso ngukuthi la makhwebu afinyelela ekuthweni kuphela ngonyaka weshumi wokuphila, futhi kuze kube yileso sikhathi ahlala ezingxenyeni ezincane zemizimba yamanzi lapho kunobungozi obukhulu babazingeli noma izinyamazane ezibanjiwe. Yingakho umbono ubusengozini kakhulu futhi udinga ukuvikeleka. Kepha njengamanje, ukuthunjwa kwabameleli bayo akunqunyelwe kunoma yini. Umqhele ubanjwa womabili ukuze udliwe ngenxa yenyama yawo enambitheka ngokungathetheki futhi ithenda, nangenxa yokuhlobisa.
Ikhophi yalesi silwane yathathwa ogwini lwase-Australia isisindo ngamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa, esidlula kakhulu isisindo sezinye izihlobo zayo. Ububanzi begobolondo babu ngamasentimitha angama-38. Izinzipho zayo zifana ngosayizi wesandla sendoda endala. Yize lo crab uphansi ngosayizi iqhawe - spider crab - kodwa futhi ubukeka umxhwele kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwesimo sezulu, lapho ifinyelela usayizi wayo omkhulu, isisindo sayo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-13.
Lesi silwane, esabanjwa ngabadobi base-Australia, asithunyelwanga endaweni yokudlela ukuze sidliwe, kodwa kunalokho, sithuthukisa impilo yaso - sabekwa e-aquarium yedolobha laseNgilandi eWeymouth, iziphathimandla zalo ezazingazisoli ngokunikela cishe ngamakhulu amahlanu amadola ikhophi ebaluleke kakhulu. Umqhele uhanjiswe endaweni ngendiza, ngakho-ke uchithe cishe amahora angama-30 endiza. Singasho ukuthi lesi silwane sasiba nenhlanhla enkulu, ngoba ezweni laso singathathwa njengesibiliboco.
Manje uClaude (obizwa ngokuthi yi-arthropod) uhlala ngokunethezeka nokuthambisa futhi uthokozisa amehlo alabo abeza ukubheka ilukuluku lokwazi. Ubhekelwa ngokucophelela, uhlinzeka ngezimo ezihamba phambili zokukhula nentuthuko. Ngendlela, isikhathi sokuphila salolu hlobo cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili, futhi uClaude usemncane kakhulu.
Inegama lesibili - iKamchatka futhi iyi-crustacean enkulu kunazo zonke eMpumalanga Ekude. Ngenxa yenyama ethambile kakhulu, enempilo futhi enempilo, isilwane sihlala sizingelwa, kufaka phakathi okungekho emthethweni. I-King crab ingummeleli ohlaba umxhwele futhi onamandla wama-crustaceans, i-carapace yayo ububanzi ingafinyelela ku-26-29 cm, ukugeleza kwemilenze kufinyelela kumamitha ayisigamu nesigamu, futhi isisindo sifinyelela ku-7 kg. Izinzipho eziqinile zitholakala ngaphambili kwemilenze (uzipho lwesobunxele luvame ukuba luncane futhi lube buthakathaka kunakwesokudla). Ngakwesokudla, uthola ukudla: ubhubhisa amagobolondo ama-mussels, ama-urchins olwandle, njll. Futhi kwesobunxele kuyadingeka ekunqumeni ukudla bese ukufaka emlonyeni wakho.
Inkaba crab inendawo enkulu enkulu: lawa uLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, Japan, kanye nolwandle iBering. Ngokusho kokuphawulwa kwezazi zezilwane, isibalo esikhulu sabantu bohlobo lwemvelo sihlala ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yaseKamchatka, kulapho ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi okwenzeka khona njalo ngonyaka.
Inkalankala yenkosi yavela emanzini ezwe lakithi hhayi ngengozi, kodwa yalethwa ngamabomu kuLwandle lweBarents
Empilweni yabo yonke, bahlala behamba, behamba ngendlela ethile kuye ngesizini nokwehlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi. Zivama ukujula kumamitha angama-250, kuthi entwasahlobo zisondele ogwini ziyofuna ngababili nokuzalanisa. Lapho ikoloni lonke lomlaza omude onamilenze ligudla ogwini phansi, ukubona kuyamangaza.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, umqhele wesifazane uyakwazi ukubeka inani elikhulu lamaqanda, aze afike ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu. Uhlala unyaka uphela izibungu ezinyaweni zakhe.Ukusondela kumanzi angajulile, ukukhula okuncane kwamaqanda nokuwavumela ukubhukuda ngokuzimela, kuyilapho omama beqhubeka nokuhamba ngendlela yabo kungathi akwenzekanga lutho. Ngeshwa, iningi lomlaza omncane awunaso isikhathi sokukhula, kuba yisisulu sabazingeli abahlukahlukene basolwandle.
Abesilisa benkosi crab bafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-9 ubudala, izinsikazi ngaphambili
Lapha, ngisho negama lezinhlobo liyazikhulumela. Kodwa-ke, yisakhamuzi saseRussia esivamile, lo mbala waziwa kangcono ngokuthi onsundu. Umzimba we crab u-oval, uzipho ubude obuphakathi. Igobolondo, njengomthetho, linomhlobo obomvu onsundu.
Umuntu omdala walesi crab ukhula abe ngamasentimitha angama-25, bese isisindo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-3.5. Noma kunjalo, kusayensi, kunezimo lapho isilwane sesifinyelele ngamapharamitha amakhulu kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala yomhlaba omkhulu iyingxenye esenyakatho ye-Atlantic, kodwa abantu abathile bayatholakala ngisho naseLwandle iMedithera
Ama-Crazy ayizilwane ezingajwayelekile kakhulu ezibanjwa njalo ngenxa yenyama yazo. Masibe nethemba lokuthi ukucatshangelwa kwabameleli abakhulu bezinhlobo kuzokwenza abazingeli benzuzo elula bacabange.
Ama-Crazy ayizidalwa eziyinqaba kakhulu nezingajwayelekile. Ngokubonakala kwazo, zifana nabafokazi besikhala. Zijabulisa kakhulu kulabo bantu abahlala ezifundeni lapho kungatholakali khona maphaza.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinkanyezi, khona-ke kukhona ngisho namaqembu ezinkanyezi aqanjwe ngalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, izinkalankala azikwazi ukubonwa kuphela. Bangakwazi futhi bakhona. Zimnandi kakhulu! Kuliqiniso, akusibo boke abantu onkohliso abadliwako, kodwana bambalwa kwaphela.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomphisi zikhona:
1. Umqhele ojwayelekile
- Unemilenze eyishumi exhunywe komunye nomunye.
- Imilenze emibili yangaphambili ingucwayi. Kwesinye isikhathi enye yazo inkulu kakhulu kunenye kanti ngasikhathi sinye ibukeka isongela futhi ingethusa.
- Unamehlo ama-2 ngeziqu.
- Umbala uphefumula ngokusebenzisa amakamelo emanzini nasemoyeni. Kuliqiniso, inqubo yokuphefumula inokwenzeka kuphela kulezo zimo lapho amageyimu emanzi. Lapho nje ziqala ukoma, umqhele ubuyela futhi emanzini.
"Le crab inegobolondo eliqinile."
- Njengoba umqhele ukhula, amagobolondo awo aqhekeka, emva kwalokho kukhula entsha, enkulu.
- Umhluzi ubeka amaqanda ovame ukugqokwa yilowo wesifazane kuze kube yilapho sekuqala ukugwazeka okuncane kubo. Izingane zingakwazi ukubhukuda futhi zizitholele ukudla kwazo emanzini.
2. Ugwababa olusogwini
Ukuthola imifantu kungcono kakhulu ogwini lolwandle. Izimfudu zasogwini azikwazi ukuphefumula hhayi kuphela emanzini, kodwa nasemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ogwini bangachitha isikhathi esiningi. Imvamisa bahlala lapho kukhona ama-ebbs nokugeleza, okuwasiza ukuba aphile.
Umqhele ogwini unezitha eziningi. Lezi izinhlanzi ezinkulu olwandle, nezinyoni emhlabeni, nabantu.
Igobolondo elinzima lisiza okuncane ukuvikela ekuphambukeni. Emini, bacasha esihlabathini esimanzi, odakeni, noma phakathi kwamatshe, uma kunamanzi. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuba bome futhi bazivikele ezitheni.
Izinhlobo eziningi zomqhele wokubhukuda ziyahlalwa. Isibonelo, imifino yokubhukuda eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala ikakhulukazi emifuleni yase-Asia nase-Australia.
Lezi zinkalankala nazo zivame ukuya ogwini. Balinde iqhubu, bacashe osebeni esihlabathini. Lapho nje igagasi libathatha, bagijimela ngaphakathi beyofuna ukudla. Imilenze eqinile eyisicaba yalawa makhaza ibenza ukubhukuda okuhle kakhulu.
Ukudonswa kwama-crabs feed kuma-mollusks, algae kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane.
4. Ulwandle crab
UChristopher Columbus wayengowokuqala kwabaseYurophu ukubona imifantu e-Atlantic Ocean.
KuLwandlekazi iPacific, imifantu nayo iyatholakala. Kusafundwa kancane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi bayakwazi ukuguqula umbala ube umbala wezinto ezizungezile, futhi futhi babe nosayizi omncane kakhulu - omkhulu kakhulu kubo ufinyelela ku-7 cm.
5. Intaba yolwandle ejulile
Ezinye izinhlobo zemvelo ziphila ngaphansi kwezilwandle nolwandle kuphela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umqhele wenkosi ebomvu, ehlala eduze nase-Alaska kanye nolwandle olusenyakatho yePacific.
Kwesinye isikhathi imifino ejulile yolwandle itholakala emithambekeni yezitolo. Imvamisa lezi zilwane zihlala ebangeni elithile lokujula.
Isikhala sesicabucabu saseJapan naso ulwandle olujulile. Uyakwazi ukuphila kuphela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-600.
Izinhlobo eziningi ezijulile zolwandle zikhulu kakhulu. Uma welula yonke imilenze yabo, ubude babo bungabonakala ngaphezu kokukhula komuntu!
6. Imihlaba Yomhlaba
Kukhona imifino ehlala ihlala emhlabeni. Izigayo zabo zihlelwe kahle kangangokuba zingakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Lawa makhaza aya olwandle kuphela ngokuzalela.
I-Halloween crab, noma i-harlequin crab, ungomunye wabamele abamele imihlaba. Muhle futhi akanabungozi kangangokuba abaningi bamgcina ekhaya njengesifuyo.
Kukhona nalabo abamele labo bantu bomlaza basemhlabeni abangadingi manzi nokuvuthwa. Bahlala emhlabeni.
E-Carribean, ukuhlaselwa kwama-crab amadolobha nemizana ngesikhathi sokuzala kuvamile. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zemihlaba eyaluzela olwandle, izingadi ezivunguvunguzanayo nemigwaqo. Izinhlobo zazo eziningi azinakutholakala futhi zinobuthi, ngakho abantu abazibambi.
I-Christmas Island e-Indian Ocean ipharadesi langempela lokuphamba komhlaba. Kukhona ezingenakubalwa!
7. Coconut Crab
Lo mbala, obizwa nangokuthi isela lesundu, mkhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba. Isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-4 kg, futhi ingaba usayizi wekati. Lezi ziklabishi zingama-omnivores. Abanandaba nokudla izithelo nezilwane ezifile. Babizwa ngokuthi amasundu ngoba ukhukhunathi uqhekeka kalula ngezikhafu zazo.
8. Isigaxa samanzi ahlanzekile
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomphala ezihlala emanzini amasha. Zivame ikakhulukazi e-Australia.
Imifino yamanzi ahlanzekile nayo yatholakala eningizimu yeYurophu, kodwa njengoba yayidliwa ngabantu kusukela ezikhathini zamaRoma, bacishe baphela lapho. Okungenani, lezo ezisele zivikelwe ngumthetho, futhi azikwazi ukubanjwa.
Ama-crit aseHermit nawo angawokuhluza. Ziphila emhlabeni, naphaya ogwini lolwandle nolwandle, nasemanzini ajulile.
Ngemuva kwe-hermit crab kuthambile, ngaphandle kwegobolondo, futhi ngenxa yalokho kusengozini enkulu. Kuyiqiniso, ngaphandle kosayizi omncane, ama-hermit Crazy ahlakaniphile kakhulu futhi asebenzise ngokuzimele izingxenye zomzimba eziqinile ukuze azivikele.
Imvamisa bathola igobolondo lolwandle elingagadliwe ngosayizi ofanele futhi balingene kulo. Lapho bekhula, futhi kuba kugcwala lapho, bakhetha enye, ngaphezulu.
Kungani bekwenza lokho?
- I-sink isindisa amandla abo ngesikhathi sokukhula. I-Hermit crabs ngokwayo ingaba yigobolondo elinamandla elingaphandle ngokwengxenye futhi ingakhi.
- Amagobolondo asolwandle aswayiphayo lapho kuhlala khona ama-hermit anzima kakhulu futhi awavikele kahle kubazingeli.
Ukuhlanganisa kanye nokudoba olwandle lwaseBarents
Imizamo yokuqala yokuxazulula impikiswano yokufakwa kwenkabazwe yeKamchatka oLwandle lwaseBarents yenziwa ngo-1932, kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuhlaziya lesi simo, lo msebenzi wenziwa iqhwa ngenxa yokushoda kwendlela ethembekile yokuhlenga abantu bobugovu eMpumalanga Ekude.
Ngemuva kwempi, ngonyaka we-1951, umsebenzi wokuvuselelwa kwekhreyithi olwandle oluseBarents waphinda waqalwa, kepha waphinda wanqanyulwa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuletha crab bukhoma: Izilwane ezathunjwa zihlala emathangini okuhambisa amanzi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Ukuhamba kokuqala kokuphumelela kwabadala kwenzeka ngendiza ezikhwameni ezijwayelekile, ngonyaka ka-1960, ngumqondisi wemikhumbi yaseFar East, uDidenko, uYuri Grigoryevich, nabanye abasizi bakhe abaningana. Kwakunguye, owokuqala, owaletha umqhele kuLwandle iBarents. Ngaphandle kokuqhakanjiswa isikhathi eside, izinyanga ezimbalwa, cishe ama-90% amaqanda athwalwa abesifazane afa. Ngemuva kwalokho kwathathwa isinqumo sokungenisa abantu abadala kuphela.
Ukungeniswa okuyinhloko kwempala kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1961-1969, iningi lawo lalethwa emoyeni. Ngo-1977-1978 kwaphinde kwathunyelwa abanye o-1,200 ojantshi. Lokhu kusebenza bekungadingekile, ngoba i-Kamchatka crab yokuqala yabanjwa ngo-1974.Ngo-1977, imifino yokuqala yabanjwa ogwini lwaseNorway.
Njengamanje, isibalo sabantu abasoLwandle iBarents Sea sikhula ngokushesha, ngonyaka we-2006 isibalo sabo sasingalingaphansi kwezigidi eziyikhulu. I-Kamchatka crab isakazekela ngokushesha eningizimu-ntshonalanga ogwini lwaseNorway nasenyakatho, lapho isivele ifikile eSvalbard. Njengoba ingumhlaseli omangazayo, umqhele weKamchatka ubhubhisa izinhlobo zasendaweni zama-crustaceans, ama-echinoderms (ama-urchins olwandle) kanye nama-mollusks, okubangela ukukhathazeka ezinhlanganweni zezemvelo. Ukudobela ukuthengisa imifantu kwaqalwa yiNorway ngonyaka we-2002, iRussia ngonyaka we-2004. Isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwama-crab iRussia neNorway inquma ngokuzimela, yize kuxoxwa ngayo yikhomishini yezokudoba yaseRussia neyaseNorway. Isilinganiso saseRussia sango-2008 saba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-11,5.
Emanzini aseRussia oLwandle iBarents, kuvunyelwe kuphela umhlume wesidumbu seKamchatka, ogama lwenqola (i-cephalothorax) lingaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Ukuphamba okuncane, kanye nabo bonke abantu besifazane, kuyenqatshelwa ekubambeni futhi, uma kubanjwa ngengozi, kufanele kube kuphila futhi nangomonakalo omncane obuyiselwe olwandle . Ukukhiqizwa kweBarents Sea Kamchatka crab kuvunyelwe kuphela ngesikhathi sokudoba - ukusuka ngo-Agasti 16 kuya ku-December 15 futhi kuphela ngezicupho ezingaphansi zezakhiwo ezithile. Kuvinjelwe ukukhiqizwa kweBarents Sea Kamchatka crab olwandle lwe-Russian Federation kanye nolwandle olwandle lwe-Russian Federation, kanye nasherhalofini yezwekazi laseRussia Federation, elinganiselwe enyakatho ngokutholakala kwama-68 ° 40 ′. sh., kusukela eningizimu, entshonalanga nasempumalanga - ngomngcele wangaphandle wolwandle lwe-Russian Federation.
Ukuzalela crab ezindaweni zasemakhaya
Ukuphinda uvelise izigaxa kunezigaba eziningana futhi kwenzeka emanzini olwandle, indawo entsha noma enosawoti omncane kuzobangela ukutheleleka kwezibungu ngesifo sokukhunta kuholele ekufeni kwabo. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi kufanele idluliselwe ethangini elihlukile, lapho kuzoba nenani elanele lokukhosela.
Ama-Crazy aphatha amaqanda ngaphansi kwesisu.
Esigabeni sokuqala, insikazi ibamba amaqanda ngaphansi kwegobolondo layo, isikhathi sokufakwayo luhlala kumaviki amabili kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-11, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Umuntu oyedwa uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ngemuva kokuba izibungu zizelwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi zixhumane kaninginingi, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa lapho ziyobe zifana kakhulu nabazali bazo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu kwinqubo yokukhula kwe-larval ukuqapha ukusebenza kwamanzi futhi kugcinwe izimo zokushisa ezidingekayo ku-aquaterrarium.
Ama-Aquarium crab izingane ezilungele ukushiya umzali.
Owembala abancane bachitha iningi lesikhathi sabo bafuna ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amaswidi ahlanganisiwe noma izibungu njengokudla.
Njengoba inzalo ichitha izinyanga zokuqala zokuphila kwayo esigabeni se-plankton-larval isigaba, esidinga izimo zemvelo yasolwandle, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola inzalo enempilo ekhaya, kepha lokhu akukuthinti ukuziphatha kokuya kwabantu abadala.
Ukubhaliswa Kwebhizinisi Lezamabhizinisi
Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi kufanele liqale ngokubhalisa kombuso. Uma ungawenzi ngokusemthethweni umsebenzi webhizinisi ngendlela ebekiwe, kungahle kuthiwe akukho emthethweni, bese kuthi osomabhizinisi bahlawuliswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwamadokhumenti kufanele ungabali ukuthengiswa kwenqwaba yemikhiqizo eqediwe kanye nesiphetho sokuthengiselana okunenzuzo.
Ukulima iCrustacean kungukufuya izinhlanzi. Kuya ngokuthi izilwane (zasolwandle noma ezintsha) izilwane zizogcinwa kuphi, isicelo sobhaliso lwebhizinisi kufanele sikhombise ikhodi engu-03.21 “ukulima kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle” noma u-03.22 “ukulima kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini”. Lawa makhodi amukelwa ngokuvamile, abhalwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo zemisebenzi yezomnotho ye-OKVED. Osomabhizinisi ngamunye angabandakanyeka kuleli bhizinisi (kubalulekile ukufunda ukuthi ungazitholela yona kanjani i-IP) nezinhlangano zezomthetho (bona inqubo yokubhalisa amabhizinisi asemthethweni). Ayikho ilayisensi edingekayo kulokhu.
Qaphela: ukuze wethule imikhiqizo emakethe, udinga ukuthola isimemezelo sokuhambisana nezidingo zokuphepha ze-technical Regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU 021/2011).
Imuphi umhluzi kanye nomqhele okungadotshwa kahle ukuthengiswa
Ibhizinisi elinjengelokulima i-shrimp ekhaya ngokuyinhloko lidinga ukutholwa kwemfuyo ephezulu, esebenza kahle. Akufanele uthenge ama-crustaceans ajwayelekile ukuhlala emanzini kasawoti. Usomabhizinisi kungenzeka angaphinde akwazi ukudala izimo ezifanele kubo.
Ungathuthukisa ibhizinisi lakho emikhondweni emibili: ukhule umuntu ngamunye ohloselwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu (lokhu kunikezwa okungcono), noma uzalise ama-shrimps okuhlobisa (izinhlobo ezifana ne-Amano noma iCherry zithengiswa ngawodwana).
Ngaphansi kwezimo zaseRussia, i-shrimp yaseMalaysian shrimp ekhula ibe ngama-32 cm ubude, iyindlela enhle yokuzalanisa. Iyazithoba, iyisimangaliso futhi iyanda. Ngokuqondene nokuzalanisa imifantu, izinhlobo ezifanele kunazo zonke yiKamchatka Far Eastern. Izindleko zamalungu akhe kuphela ziqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1800.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uthenga imifantu ebukhoma kanye nezihlwanyazi ezizaliswayo, buza umthengisi ngemibandela yokugcinwa kwazo. Kungakuhle ukuthi akhombise amadamu akhule kuwo. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umfuyi wesikhathi esizayo ezokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu bayaphila.
Ukubukeka
Ngenxa yentuthuko yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-hermit crab ithole izinguquko eziningi ezimvumela ukuba azizwe ekhululekile olwandle. Isibonelo, imilenze yangemuva kwayo yancishisiwe, ukuze kube lula ngokwengeziwe ukuthi isilwane sihambe nendlu esindayo emhlane wayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba walawa ama-crustaceans embozwe ngokuthembekile ungqimba oluhle lwe-chitin, kepha isisu sithambile futhi singenalo noluphi uhlobo lwesembozo. Ubukhulu besilwane imvamisa abudluli intshi eyi-1, i.e. Amasentimitha angu-2,5-3.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi umbuzo wokuthi umdlavuza we-hermit ubukeka kanjani awunakuphendulwa ngokungathandeki. Iqiniso ngukuthi usebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ukuvikela isisu. Uhlobo lwendlu luyigobolondo losolwandle, lapho isilwane lifihla khona lapho sihlaselwa noma sizingelwa.
Njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele uguqule igobolondo libe likhudlwana. Imvamisa, ukhetha ukukhanya, ngoba indlu enjalo ayinzima kangako ukusuka endaweni ethile kuya kwenye. Ososayensi bathi kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwemithi kukhona ngisho nokushintshana okungafani kwamagobolondo! Omunye wabo uthepha endaweni yokukhosela enye, unikeza isivumelwano. Uma owesibili engavumelani nakho, khona-ke umane uvala umnyango wokungena echibini lakhe ngozipho.
Uma kungekho mollusks eduze, ke hermits angasebenzisa noma yiziphi izinto ezifanele ukuvikelwa esikhundleni amagobolondo. Kungaba, ngokwesibonelo, ucezu lwesiqu soqalo noma enye into eqinile evikela ngokuthembekile umzimba wesilwane obumbekile.
Isakhiwo
Ukubonakala kwezilwane kubunjiwe ikakhulukazi ngokuba khona kwazo egobolondweni elide. Isakhiwo se-hermit crab ungabona lapho esezikhathi ezingavamile ngaphandle kokucwila. Imvelo inikeze isilwane ngamadivayisi amaningi esizizwa ivikelekile. Ingaphambili lomzimba limbozwe ungqimba olubanzi lwe-chitin.
Igobolondo livikela isilwane ezitheni. Amathambo wangaphandle aqinile awakhuli njengoba isilwane sikhula. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, i-hermit crab ilahla i-carapace yayo, okuyisenzakalo esingajwayelekile. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ungqimba olusha lwe-chitinous luyakhula. Izingubo ezindala, uma zisale e-aquarium lapho kuhlala khona i-crustacean, ziba ukudla kwakhe.
Izindandatho ziyisikhali esiyinhloko se-crustacean. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cephalothorax nesiqu, zibukeka zinkulu. Uzipho lwesokudla, olukhulu, luvimba isingenisi echibini uma kusengozini.
Owesinxele, omncane ngosayizi, uyasebenza ekutholeni ukudla. Amacala atholakala eduze nekhanda. Eduze kukhona izimbambo ezimbili zemilenze yokuhamba. Ahambisa umdlavuza ngaphezulu kobuso. Eminye imilenze, ngababili abafihliwe, abancane kakhulu, ababambi iqhaza ekuhambeni.
Ingxenye yomzimba efihlwe egobolondweni, embozwe nge-cuticle ethambile, ayivikelwe yi-chitin.Amapheya ahlinzeka ngokushintshana kwegesi emzimbeni. I-Hermit crab kufanele ifihle umzimba ongavikelekile egobolondweni. Ukuhlala endlini kusiza imilenze nje emincane evimba ukuthi indlu iwele. Imvelo yanakekela ukuqokwa kwesitho ngasinye.
Sinks
Njengoba ama-hermit crabs adinga ukuguqula igobolondo libe likhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuba khona nosayizi wamagobolondo angenalutho ku-biotope kudlala indima ebonakalayo ezinqubweni zabantu. Kuboniswe ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo inqubo yokuncibilikisa iqala kuphela ngemuva kokuthi umdlavuza ukhethe igobolondo elisha.
Umdlavuza womdlavuza I-Dardanus pedunculatus ngama-anemones olwandle ngaphezulu kwegobolondo.
Ama-hermit crabs amaningi abeka ama-anemones esinkini sawo, esisebenza njengendlela yokuvikela ezitheni. Njengoba ama-anemone olwandle ethola izinsalela zokudla kwezinhlwayi ngasikhathi sinye futhi ezisebenzisa njengezindlela zokuhamba, ukucabanga okunjalo kuvame ukuboniswa njengesibonelo sokulungela ukuzimpawu - mutualism.
Umsoco
Lesi sidalwa esimangalisayo asikuhlaziyi ukudla. AmaHermit crabs adla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Bathanda ama-algae, amaqanda, igobolondo, izibungu, inhlanzi kanye nezinsalela ze-anemones. Ungalokothi udelele imfucumfucu nenyama.
Ngosizo lwezandla zabo, abazikudli ukudla kube yizicucu ezincane futhi emva kwalokho bathola yonke into ngobumnandi. Izwe likaHermit lidambisa ukudla kwabo ngezithelo, amakhukhunathi nezinambuzane ezincane.
Okudla i-hermit crab
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokwazi umdlavuza we-hermit ukuchaza indlela odla ngayo. Njengezihlobo zakhe, ungowama-omnivores, i.e. udla izakhi zokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo yakhe ayithandayo yile:
- izibungu
- amanzi olwandle,
- i-caviar yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi,
- ama-mollusks
- inhlanzi.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-hermits angadla futhi i-carrion noma izinsalela zokudla ezivela ema-anemones aseduze nolwandle. Uma la makhrayoni ehamba emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi angadla amakhukhunathi, izithelo noma izinambuzane ezincane.
Izitha zemvelo
Esigabeni se-larval, i-hermit crab imvamisa iba yisisulu sempilo yasolwandle. Crab okhule okhulile, ngenxa "yendlu", inezitha ezimbalwa. Umzuzu oyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomdlavuza uye “eflethini” elisha. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba wakhe othambile awuvikelwa yilutho, ngakho-ke i-hermit ingaba inyamazane elula yazo zonke izilwane ezinkulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, lapho umdlavuza ufuna izindlu ezintsha, kuba matasa kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ibhusha le-hermit lixosha isihlobo salo esibuthakathaka kakhudlwana egobolondweni laso bese liyisusa kulo. Noma inendlu emhlane wayo, i-hermit crab ayizizwa iphephe ngokuphelele. Izitha zayo eziyinhloko ama-cephalopods, ama-octopus nama-squid, angathi ngemihlatsi enamandla angaqhoboza igobolondo elivikelayo lozimele we-hermit ngomzuzwana.
Impilo emanzini
I-Hermit crab ku-aquarium yisinqumo esihle sabaqalayo. Ukumnakekela kuyindaba elula. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zilwane zidinga i-drip acclimatization. Kufanelekile ukuyikhiqiza kancane, imizuzu engama-60 noma ngaphezulu, ukuze isilwane sibe nesikhathi sokujwayela ikhwalithi yamanzi ase-aquarium. Futhi ungakhathazeki uma ngokungazelele ubona ukuthi isilwane siyancibilika, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yoshintsho lwendawo yokuhlala.
Kunconywa ukugcina isilwane esisezingeni elanele lamanzi (cishe amalitha angama-50 kumuntu oyedwa). Izinga lokushisa elinconyelwayo lingama-22-27 ° C kanti i-pH ingu-8-8.4. Ungondla imifino ngemifino yolwandle eyomile, kepha imvamisa ingazinakekela ngokubheka ukudla esihlabathini nasematsheni aphilayo. Le mikhakha idla i-algae e-brown, ebizwa nangokuthi i-cyanobacteria.
Lezi zilwane zasolwandle azinconywa ukuba zixazululwe eduze kwezakhamizi ezinolaka e-aquarium. Yize ama-hermits eba nokuvikelwa, angaba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa, ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izidalwa ezingenamsoco. Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhrayizi ngokwawo anokuthula okukhulu futhi anomusa, ngakho-ke awusoze walimaza omakhelwane abase-aquarium.
Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe umdlavuza we-hermit kuyinto elula elula futhi ematasa.Vakashela isilwane esinjalo esingajwayelekile ku-aquarium yakho bese ubuka impilo nokuziphatha kwayo.
Ukondla
Akunazinkinga ngokudla umdlavuza. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukufuya umhlume kudla ngokuthula noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla, ngoba kudla noma yikuphi ukudla okutholakalayo endaweni yemvelo. Bajabule ukuthola inzuzo kokunye okusele etafuleni lakho, izimpahla ezikheniwe. Ngeke zenqabe izithelo nokudla kwasolwandle, okubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni izinga elilungile lamavithamini. Bondle inyama, okusanhlamvu, okudla kanye nama-oats. Uma namhlanje ungazange upheke lutho, khona-ke crayfish izodla ukudla okukhethekile. Kuliqiniso, amabala angadli okuningi, ngakho-ke asidle ngamabhulukwe amancane bese sibheka ukuthi akuphatha kanjani.
Ukubaluleka kweHermit Crab
Ama-cruttonous crustaceans angokuhleleka kwangempela kwamachibi. Mayelana ne-hermit crab, singasho ukuthi ungumhlanzeli webhishi langempela. Indlela yokuphila yezilwane ezimangalisayo ikuvumela ukuthi ususe i-caricion yemvelo.
Ukubaluleka kwe-hermit crab yokuhlanzeka kwe-aquarium kuyaphawulwa ngabanikazi bamathangi amakhulu. Izinhlobo ezibomvu zohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ama-crustaceans ziphawuleka kakhulu ekubuyiselweni kokuhleleka kwendle. Ukuqeda i-cyanobacteria, i-detritus, nezinto eziningi eziyingozi emzimbeni wamanzi wokufakelwa kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokubamba okumangalisayo kwe-hermit.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
I-hermit ishintsha igobolondo layo njengoba ikhula. Ufuna eyodwa lapho ezokwazi ukukhululeka khona. Kepha akwenzeki njalo ukuthola ikhaya elifanele. Ngemuva kwalokho umdlavuza waneliswa yilokho okutholayo. Emvelweni, ungabona hermits abahlala corks, izibuko, izinhlayiya bamboo, njll.
Amanye ama-crayfish lapho efuna ikhaya anikeza izihlobo zawo ukushintshanisa amagobolondo. Bangqongqoza izigcawu endaweni yokuhlala kamakhelwane. Uma abantu ngamunye banelisekile ngenketho, bayashintsha amagobolondo. Uma kungenjalo, ke ukuhlakazeka ngokuthula.
Izinkalankala zaseHermit ziwukulandelana kwamanzi. Badla konke ukudla okwenzeka emendweni wabo. Ngenxa yokucaciswa kwaso, izindawo lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi zamakhambi zihlala zihlanzekile.
Incazelo yeHermit Crab
I-Hermit crab ihlala cishe yonke impilo yayo egobolondweni le-mastusk ye-gastropod, yize ezimweni ezingavamile zikwazi ukukhetha elinye igobolondo, isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi libe libanzi futhi lintofontofo. Impilo endlini ingenxa yokungavikeleki kwayo okuhlobene. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwembozwe igobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous. Kepha isisu sakhe asivikelekile ngalutho, ngakho-ke, ukuze bazivikele kwizinyamazane, bafihla wonke umzimba wabo echibini.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezilwane, lapho sezikhulile, zishiya amagobolondo bese ziphuma ziye emhlabathini. Ukuvikela isisu sabo esisengcupheni, bagoba ngokuphelele umsila ngaphansi kwabo. Amasayizi ale khansa ahlukahlukene kakhulu, kukhona amancanyana nge-marigold, futhi kukhona nangengqindi. Njengoba bekhula, bashintsha amagobolondo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaso sonke isikhathi sithatha indlu entsha ngobukhulu nangesisindo, ukuze kungabi nzima ukuyiphatha nawe.
Kuphume ku-carapace, kuphela ikhanda namabili amathathu we-paws avele. Uzipho lwesobunxele sohlobo lokuqala lwe-paws luhlala lukhudlwana kunokudla. Kukuye ukuthi avale umnyango wokungena lapho ecashe. Ama-paws asele akhombisa ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokwashesha endlini ephathekayo.
Umbala uncike kwezinhlobo nobudala bomuntu. Kukhona imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-violet, ebomvu, epinki enemithunzi ehlukahlukene. Abantu abasha bacishe babe beige beige. Amehlo we-hermit aqhamile. Njengesivikelo esingeziwe, zingakwazi ukuhlalisa i-anemone yasolwandle ezinhlangeni zazo noma igobolondo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, noma ngubani ofuna ukuthatha usinki noma angene kuwo angasha okungenani.
Habitat kanye nokudla
Izinkalankala zaseHermit zihlala ogwini lwase-Australia, Indonesia, iziqhingi zaseMarshall, iMalaysia nokunye. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba kusukela e-Indian kuya olwandle iPacific. Bahlala emanzini angajulile olwandle nezilwandle. Ukujula okukhulu abahlangana nakho kungamamitha angama-80.Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emabhange noma emahlathini akhiwe ngqo ngasolwandle.
Ukudla okunempilo kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ama-hermits omhlaba adla izithelo ezonakele, amakhukhunathi awile, izinambuzane ezincane. Izinhlobo zasolwandle, okokuqala, izinyamazane futhi ukudla kwazo okuvamisile ziyi-annelids, izinhlanzi ezifile, ama-mollusks.
Ukuzala kanye nezici
Izinkalankala zeHermit zinemvelo nemikhuba azaleli ekudingisweni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uzalwe, ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele uthenge insikazi nge-caviar. Ukuthomba kwabo kwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, sekuvele kwakheka impela. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zizala emanzini, ngakho-ke ngisho nokushiya imvelo yasolwandle kufanele zibuyele isikhathi sokuzalela. Phila cishe iminyaka eyi-11. Kwesinye isikhathi kuye kube ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kuya kwendawo yokuhlala nokudla. Abathandi bezinhlanzi zasemanzini bavame ukukhetha lolu hlobo lomdlavuza njengekhaya lasekhaya. Yize zingazaleli ekudingisweni, kulula ukubanakekela.
- Isigaba - I-Crayfish ephezulu
- Isikwele - ama-Decapods
- Ngokwe-Superfamily - uHitit crabs
I-WikiHow isebenza kanjani ngesisekelo se-wiki, okusho ukuthi eziningi zezindatshana zethu zibhalwe ngababhali abaningana. Lapho kudalwa le ndatshana, abantu abangama-23 basebenza ekuhleleni nasekuphuculeni kwayo, kufaka phakathi igama elingaziwa.
Abantu abaningi bathi imifino e-hermit kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela, noma kunjalo, yize kunjalo, banezinto ezikhathazayo ngokunakekelwa kwabo. Kulesi sihloko uzothola izeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuthi ungawunakekela kanjani ngokufanele ama-hermit crabs.
Sebenzisa isitsha esifanelekile. Inketho enhle kakhulu kungaba i-aquarium yengilazi. Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthi uzothola maluphi umhlambi we-hermit, kubalulekile ukubala kahle usayizi we-aquarium. Indlela elandelayo yokubala izokusiza: 1 cm ngamalitha ayi-1.5. Ukuthola usayizi womdlavuza, udinga ukukala ububanzi obungaphakathi bomgodi osinki. Khumbula ukuthi i-aquarium kufanele ibe nezitsha ezintathu, ukugibela amathoyizi, indawo yokukhosela, ukucwila nendawo yokuhamba. I-aquarium akufanele igcwale, kepha akufanele ibonakale ingenalutho. I-aquarium enamalitha angamashumi amane iyikhaya elifanelekileyo lofishi abayisithupha abancane. Ungafuna ukuthatha okungenani i-aquarium engama-75-litre, ezoba nesikhala esanele sakho konke. Lapho kukhula i-aquarium, kuvuleka isikhala sendawo yokudoba, futhi amagobolondo amakhulu "okukhuphuka" angafakwa kuwo. Kunoma ikuphi, kuzodingeka ukwandise i-aquarium uma uqala nge-litre-litre eyodwa. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni encane yokudoba, i-crayfish ngeke ikhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengoba kungekho manzi e-aquarium, ungathatha ithangi elisetshenzisiwe, kanye nethangi elingena-manzi.
Sebenzisa ikhava efanele. AmaHermit crabs angamakhosi okuphunyuka. Uma kukhona umgodi ofanelekayo e-aquarium, umdlavuza ngokuqinisekile uzowuthola abaleke. Mboza i-aquarium ngesembozo sengilazi esizovimba i-crayfish ukuthi ingaphunyuki futhi ibambe umswakama e-aquarium. Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona izimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane esembozweni.
Sebenzisa i-lining efanelekayo. Lokhu kulula kakhulu okukhohlakala kakhulu ngabanikazi bezimfene. Ubukhulu besiqeshana esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele kube ngaphezu kwamabili ukuphakama komdlavuza omkhulu kunazo zonke. Ukuze kube nosayizi osezingeni eliphakathi nendawo (usayizi webhola legalufu), ukujula kwelitha kufanele okungenani kube amasentimitha ayi-15 wokuncibilika. Okwezinhlanzini ezincane (osayizi 5 amasenti), ubukhulu bomhlabathi kufanele bube yi-12,5 cm, futhi for crayfish amancane (ubukhulu bepeni), okungenani cm eziyi-10. Lokhu kungamazinga ajwayelekile wokuncibilika. I-sand is a substrate enhle kakhulu, kepha ungasebenzisa futhi i-fiber coconut ecindezelwe, ethengiswa ngaphansi kwamagama i-Eco Earth, i-Bed-A-Beast, noma i-Forest Bedding. Ungasebenzisa futhi inhlanganisela yakho yomibili. E-sand kanye ne-coconut fiber, kufanele kufinyeleleke izinga elithile lomswakama. Imfucumfucu akufanele ibe yomile, kodwa futhi futhi ukuthi ingamanzi ngokusebenzisa. Kufanele kube nesihlabathi ngaso sonke isikhathi esigodlweni sesihlabathi.Umswakama ubhekwa kanjena: umunwe akufanele udlule esihlabathini kalula, kepha futhi akufanele ube manzi uma uwukhipha. Isihlabathi somswakama esinjalo sizonikeza ukukhula kwakho okuzinzile kwe-crayfish ngenxa yokuncibilikisa okuphumelelayo (ukuguquka kwesigaxa). Musa ukusebenzisa sawdust, amatshe amatshe, iphephandaba, njll. Njengesiqalo sendlu.
Beka izitsha, amathoyizi, nezindawo zokukhosela e-aquarium. Qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokukhosela inomgodi omkhulu owanele wokungena nokuphuma kofishi bezinhlanzi. Kungcono ukubeka indawo yokukhosela engaphezu kweyodwa uma kwenzeka enye ye-crayfish ifuna ukuba yodwa. Yize ziyizidalwa zenhlalo, kwesinye isikhathi zithanda ukuba ngamakhambi wangempela. Njengendawo yokukhosela ungasebenzisa amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, izimbiza zezimbali ze-ceramic, amagobolondo amakhulu, imihume yokufakelwa yezilokotho, imihlobiso ye-aquarium nokunye okuningi. Empeleni, akunandaba. AmaHitit crabs athande ukufihlwa phakathi nosuku, ngakho-ke azosebenzisa isikhathi esiningi kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangabagibeli abahamba phambili! Banikeze ngamagobolondo akhethekile, futhi uzozijabulisa wena kanye nabo. Ungasebenzisa amashubhu e-cactus, umvini, isihlahla somkhiwane, i-driftwood, isihlahla saseCape, isihlahla se-marsh, umakhi weLego, amagxolo esihlahla sikakhokho, izitshalo zokufakelwa noma eziphilayo, amatshe, amakhorali amakhulu, amagobolondo edada, ukuhlobisa i-aquarium nokunye okuningi. Lokhu akunzima ukukwenza, futhi izinkamba zakho zizokuthanda ngenxa yakho! Lapho ubeka izitsha, ungakhohlwa okulandelayo: beka izitsha ezinamanzi kude nomthombo wokushisa. Uma amanzi esondele entweni efudumeza, amagciwane azophindaphindeka kuyo. Gcina amanzi endaweni epholile ye-aquarium. Qiniseka ukuthi izitsha zijule ngokwanele ukuze umdlavuza ukwazi ukucwilisa i-3/4 yomzimba wayo kuyo. Isitsha kufanele sibe sikhulu ngokwanele ukuze imifantu ikwazi ukungena kuyo igcwalise amagobolondo abo ngamanzi. Uma isidlo sikhulu, beka eceleni kwamagobolondo olwandle, izingcezu ezincane zesihlahla samanzi, noma izitshalo zokufakelwa ukuze imifantu encane ingene kuwo.
Lungisa amanzi. AmaHermit crabs adinga izinhlobo ezimbili zamanzi - okusha kanye nosawoti. Izinkalankala zeHermit azikwazi ukuphuza amanzi ompompi. Amanzi la aphathwa nge-chlorine, okungaholela ekutheni kube namazinga abuhlungu ezinsini zika-crayfish (anama-gill). Ngalesi sizathu, wonke amanzi (kufaka phakathi amanzi okuphuza, kanye namanzi asetshenziselwa ukuthambisa umoya) kufanele angabi ne-chlorine. Thenga ibhodlela lamanzi emnyangweni wezinhlanzi esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Landela imiyalo yokusebenzisa amanzi. Kungcono ukuba namanzi lapho ubekiwe kunokuwuthenga nsuku zonke. Lapho ukhetha i-air conditioner, ungathengi "ifilimu ye-Biological", ngoba isetshenziswa ngokungajwayelekile ekugezeleni i-crayfish kanye nokugcina izinhlanzi. Funa i-air conditioner esusa i-chlorine ne-chloramine futhi ifake izinsimbi ezisindayo. Musa ukuthenga izinto ezikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwefilimu yemvelo, ngaphandle kwaleyo eyenzelwe ukubhukuda. Thatha enye i-batch yamanzi bese ufaka usawoti we-aquarium kule ngxube. 8-10 wezipuni kasawoti uzokwanela. Ungahle utshelwe ukuthi amanzi anosawoti adingeka kuphela ezinhlafunweni ezingafaniyo zohlobo lwe-hermit, kodwa akunjalo. Yonke imifino eyi-hermit, kufaka phakathi leyo enamikhaza ansomi (Coenobita clypeatus), idinga amanzi kasawoti. Amakati amaningi aphuza amanzi kasawoti amahora amaningi ngaphambi kokuncibilika. Futhi umnyango wabo wokuhambisa amanzi wegobolondo unebhalansi ethile yensimbi. Ngokubanikeza amanzi kasawoti we-crayfish, ubavumela bakhethe ukuthi bangathanda ukuphuza uhlobo luni lwamanzi. Shiya amanzi ubusuku bonke ukuze abe okushisa kwegumbi bese usawoti uncibilika kuwo.
Faka ukudla esitsheni. Ama-Hermit crabs ama-scavenger ama-omnivorous agaya izakhi zokudla okukhona, kokubili endle nasekuthunjweni. Yondla i-crayfish yonke into oyidla ngokwakho, hhayi ushukela, isikhathi esiningi, ukudla okunosawoti, noma izimpahla zekhunjini. Bathanda amagilebhisi nama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye namantongomane angenawo amaningi. Ama-apula nawo ayisithelo esithandayo.Bathanda imifino eminingi, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle, ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ekudleni kwabo. Kungcono ukuthi ukudla kwabo, ngangokunokwenzeka, kube okuhlukahlukene ngangokunokwenzeka - ngakho-ke bazothola wonke umsoco odingekayo. Banike inyama noma nini lapho kungenzeka, futhi ungabaphakela okusanhlamvu okulula, ilayisi, i-pasta ne-oridge ye-porridge. Ama-hermits amaningi athanda ukudla okukhethekile kwe-T-Rex crayfish feed. Ungarekhoda okuthandayo nokuthi yini ongakuthandi, bese uzama imikhiqizo ehlukile. Ama-Hermit crabs adla okuncane kakhulu futhi ngamanani amancane. Imvamisa, imifino yohlobo lwe-hermit ithatha amahora amaningi ukudla uhhafu wepaketi wamabele. Ngakho-ke, ungacabangi ukuthi ama-hermit crabs ayabulawa yindlala, ngoba ahlala enokudla okushiyekile! Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ushintsha imikhiqizo njalo emahoreni angama-24 ukuvikela ukungcoliswa kwethangi.
Faka umthombo wokushisa. AmaHorit crabs yizidalwa ezishisayo ezihlala ezindaweni ezinjengeCaribbean neFlorida Keys. Badinga izinga lokushisa elisuka ku-24-9 degrees Celsius. Ngokunokwenzeka, ifulethi lakho alifudumele ngokwanele kulezi zidalwa, futhi uzodinga umthombo owengeziwe wokushisa. Uma une-40-litre aquarium, khona-ke ekushiseni kungcono ukusebenzisa i-heater etholakala ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. Lawa ngamaphilisi amancane afakwe ngaphandle kwe-aquarium, okuvame ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa ngamazinga ayi-4-6. Ngingancoma ukubeka iyunithi ezansi kwe-aquarium. Noma ngaphansi kwesendlalelo se-substrate, i-heater izosebenza kahle. Lapho ibekwa ngaphandle, i-heater ifudumeza umoya ngaphandle, hhayi ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium. Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-tungsten filament heater angashisa amathangi anoma yiliphi usayizi kunoma yikuphi ukushisa. Kodwa ukushisa okunjalo kunokudonsa okukodwa okubalulekile: ngokushesha bomisa umoya. Lapho usebenzisa izibani zokushisa, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha amandla afanele. Ama-watts angama-40 azokwanela i-40 litre aquarium. Qiniseka ukuthi umthombo wokushisa ungasohlangothini olulodwa lwe-aquarium, hhayi phakathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ze-aquarium kube nokushisa okuhlukile, kanti no-crayfish ungaba lapho uthanda khona. Akunandaba noma uluhlobo luni lwe-heater olusebenzisayo, qiniseka ukuthenga i-thermometer / hydrometer ukunquma izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-aquarium.
Faka amagobolondo. Ama-Hermit crabs awakhiqizi amagobolondo abo. Bazithatha kuma-gastropods asefile, njengeminenke. Ekuthunjweni, kufanele babe nokukhethwa okukhulu kwamagobolondo. Umqhele weHermit kufanele ulingane nosinki. Uma imilenze yakhe ibheka kancane futhi ubona amehlo akhe, ibala le-hermit lizofuna igobolondo elisha. Vele uphonsa amagobolondo amasha ku-aquarium, futhi i-hermit crab izothatha enye indawo uma isilungile. I-crayfish enamikhaza onsomi ithanda amagobolondo ngomgodi oyindilinga, kanti umhluzi we-Ecuadorian hermit crabs nge-oval. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ungagcoba amagobolondo emanzini anosawoti ukuheha ukunaka kokhokho.
Lungiselela i-aquarium bese ulinda. Futha izindonga ze-aquarium ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Vula i-heater bese ulinda okungenani imizuzu engama-45. I-Condension izokwakheka ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium ngenxa ye-heater, futhi izinga lomswakama lizokhuphuka. Izinkalankala zeHermit ziphefumula amagesi aqinisekisiwe, asebenza kahle kuphela uma umoya usemanzi. Izinga lomswakama elikhethwe yi-hermit crabs licishe libe ngu-77% - 88%, kodwa ngaphansi kwanoma ngabe yiziphi izimo kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-70%. Ngenxa yesihlabathi esimanzi nezitsha ezinamanzi, izinga lomswakama kufanele lihlale likuleveli eyamukelekayo. Uma kwehla, sebenzisa i-atomizer futhi. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama selufinyelele ebangeni elifunekayo, iya esinyeni sokugcina.
Thola umhlonyane. Izinkalankala zeHermit azihambelani negama lazo.Bayizidalwa zenhlalo impela ezidinga inkampani yabanye abalimala be-hermit. Kuhle ukuthola ama-hermits ayisihlanu ukubheka ukusebenza kwabo emphakathini. Ama-Hermits wanoma isiphi isayizi, uhlobo nobulili angahlangana ngokuhlangana. Thola noma iyiphi i-crayfish enempilo. Noma imuphi umdlavuza onama-antennae ogeleza ngasikhathi ehlukene uthathwa njengempilo. Uma umdlavuza ulenga ngokukhululekile echibini, ucishe wafa. I-crayfish enempilo lapho ikhuliswa ngokushesha icasha echibini, yize kwesinye isikhathi ikhipha nge-amadevu aqhaqhazelayo. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi umdlavuza uphilile futhi ungumphakathi. Thatha lezi ziklabha ngokwakho. Ukuphela kokufanele ukwenze ukubeka i-crayfish ku-aquarium!
- Ungangeza i-algae ebukhoma ku-aquarium ezingadliwayo ama-hermit.
- Beka igatsha elikhulu ekhoneni, bese uphonsa kulo izitshalo zokufakelwa kulo ukuze ukhiqizi wezinhlwayi ukhuphuke kulo. Impela, ama-hermit crabs abizwa nangokuthi ama-Wood Crabs!
- Yenza ithayi lesibili usebenzisa obakaki oboshwe odongeni olunamathiselwe odongeni lwengilazi yetangi. Ungayigcwalisa nge-moss noma i-coconut fiber. Beka igatsha njengesitebhisi bese usuqedile!
- Bamba ishidi lepulasitiki ngaphezulu kwesembozo sezindlu ukuvimbela ukuphunyukwa.
- Faka izitshalo zokufakelwa ezinamathela ezindongeni ze-aquarium ukuyinikeza ukubukeka kwemvelo. AmaHermit crabs nawo azowakhuphuka.
- Vumela i-hermit crab yakho ilahleke kanye. Susa ku-aquarium.
- Joyina iforamu yokuphithizela ye-hermit. Lapho ungaxoxa nabanye abanikazi be-crayfish nganoma yisiphi isihloko.
- Ungasebenzisi izipanji ukumanzisa i-aquarium. Ngokuvamile kudingeka zihlanzwe. Sebenzisa kangcono i-moss yalokhu. Inomswakama ngokuphelele futhi ayidingi kuhlanzwa njalo.
- Faka i-heater, etholakala ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, eceleni.
Ukuncintisana kwe-Shell
Njengoba kukhula umhlonyane kukhula amagobolondo amakhulu. Njengoba amagobolondo aqinile awumthombo olinganiselwe, kuvame ukuba nomzabalazo oqinile phakathi kokudambisa imifino yamagobolondo atholakalayo. Ukufaneleka kwamagobolondo angenalutho kuncike ekuchichimeni kwama-gastropod mollusks kanye ne-hermit crabs, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi izinto ezivame kangakanani ukuzingela ama-mollusks ama-gastropod zishiya amagobolondo engaka. AmaHermit crabs anamagobolondo anzima kakhulu awakwazi ukukhula ngokushesha njengamakhaza omnqumo anamagobolondo ahambisana kahle, futhi adliwe kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwama-anemone olwandle emagobolondweni kungaba usizo kakhulu ku-hermit crab ngoba kungabesabisa izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Ama-anemone olwandle nawo anethuba lokusetshenziselwa izinsalela zokudla, ezisale ngemuva kokuqedwa kwe-hermit crab ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-anemone olwandle angadluliselwa kumagobolondo amasha e-hermit crab.
Izinhlobo ezihlukene zikakhrayoni zibanga usayizi kusuka kuPacific hermit crab, ezingafane zikhule zibe nkulu kunethanga, ziye eConobita brevimanus, ezingasondela usayizi kakhukhunathi. I-cran hermit cranless, i-Birgus latro iyisidalwa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Owemvelo basemhlabeni baqala impilo yabo olwandle, kepha ngemuva kwenqubo yokuncibilika, bakhulisa amandla okuphefumula umoya. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuncibilikisa, umlotha omncane we-hermit uzocwila uma uhlala emanzini isikhathi eside. Ukuxhumana kwayo nolwandle akukaze kuphule ngokuphelele, kepha-ke, ngoba izinkalankala ze-hermit ziphethe inani elincane lamanzi ngamagobolondo azo ukuze izisu zazo zihlale zimanzi futhi nezibiji zazo eziguquliwe zenziwe amanzi. C. burvimanus, uhlobo lweCoenobita, kukholakala ukuthi lukufanelekele kakhulu ukuphila emhlabeni.
Izitho zokuzala zohlobo lwe-hermit crabs zitholakala kancane ngaphansi kwenhliziyo yomdlavuza futhi zivulekile ngaphandle ngaphansi kwesisekelo somlenze wokugcina wesilisa. Kwensikazi, zitholakala ezansi kombhangqwana ophakathi kwemilenze ehambayo. Izinhlobo zomhlanzo besifazane ngokuvamile zizalela amaqanda azo ngemuva kokukopishwa, noma kunjalo zingakwazi nokugcina isidoda izinyanga eziningi. Amaqanda ayahlanganiswa njengoba edlula edlula emgodini oqukethe isidoda. Amaqanda ayabekwa bese abopha ngesisindo esinamathiselwe esiswini esisegobolondweni. Inani lamaqanda livame ukuba likhulu, kepha kuya ngosayizi womdlavuza. Izinhlwathi ezisathuthuka zidlulela ezigabeni ezine, ezimbili zazo (i-baupilus ne-protozoea) zenzeka ngenkathi umdlavuza usaqanda. Iningi lomdlavuza lishaya esigabeni sesithathu, i-zoea. Lesi yisigaba sokuvuvuka lapho umdlavuza unama-spine amade, isisu esincane esincanyana kanye nezintuthwane ezinkulu. Isigaba sesine sentuthuko magelops. Imithi yaseHermit imvamisa izalelwa olwandle, eduze nolwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-hermit crows awakwazi ukuzala athunjiwe. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kuka-crayfish, ahamba ngaphakathi komhlaba kude namanzi, lapho abheka khona amagobolondo ashiywe lapho eyohlala khona. Ama-Hermit crabs abe eseqala ukukhula nokukhula ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-molting. Kule nqubo, umdlavuza ulahlekelwa yi-exoskeleton yawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umdlavuza usengozini kakhulu futhi ayisebenzi, futhi imvamisa uthola isivikelo ngokufihla emhlabathini. Ukuqinisa i-exoskeleton entsha kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-10, futhi ngalesi sikhathi umdlavuza uyakwazi ukulungisa noma yiziphi izigaxa noma imilenze elahlekile noma ephukile. Umhlaza we-hermit ungabola njalo ngenyanga lapho esemncane, noma njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-18 lapho esemdala. Iminyaka yokuphila kwesikhathi sokulunywa kwe-hermit endle ingafika eminyakeni engama-30.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile:
I-Birgus latro, umdlavuza kakhukhunathi
. I-Ciliopagurus strigatus, I-Halloween Hermit Crab
. I-Coenobita cavipes
. Coenobita clypeatus, iklabishi hermit crab
. I-Coenobita compressus, i-Ecuadorian hermit crab
. Coenobita perlatus, Strawberry Hermit Crab
. I-Coenobita variabilis, i-hermit crab yase-Australia
. I-Pagurus bernhardus
. I-Pagurus pollicaris, umhlana we-hermit craw
I-Hermit crabs njengezilwane ezifuywayo
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zomphala we-hermit ezidumile ekuthengisweni kwama-aquarium anamanzi anosawoti. Lezi zinhlobo ezi-omnivorous noma ze-herbivorous ziyasebenziseka e-aquarium yasekhaya njengama-scavenger adla i-algae edliwayo nezinye izinto ezimdaka. Badla nezithelo nemifino eningi.
I-Scarlet Hermit Crab, noma iRed Reef Hermit Crab, iPaguristes cadenati, iyisidalwa esihle futhi esithandekayo esinomzimba obomvu okhanyayo nezimpondo zamehlo aphuzi. Lemikhakha ihlala incane (cishe 2-5 cm / 1-2 inches). Izinhlobo ezincane zesimo esifana nesokwedlule zifaka i-zebra hermit crab (imilenze emsundu enemithende emhlophe), crayfish ebomvu enomsila kanye no-crayfish obonisa izinyawo ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
EYurophu, i-hermit crab evamile, iPagurus bernhardus, iyathandwa.
Ngenkathi izinhlobo eziningi ezitholakala ezitolo zezilwane ezincane zincane, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, futhi zimane nje zisezingeni eliphakeme, ezinye zingaba zinkulu impela (ezinye ezisogwini lwePacific zingakhula zibe ngama-30 cm / 12 inches), futhi zingadla amakhorali, igobolondo nezinye crustaceans.
Iningi lomkhumbi wasolwandle usawoti lubiza usawoti phakathi kuka-1,023 no-1.025 (olinganiselwa amandla adonsela phansi), kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-4-14 ° C (izinhlobo ezipholile) no-24-27 ° C (izinhlobo ezishisayo), ezinendawo enhle, olwandle kanye namagobolondo ahlukahlukene ezezindlu.Bayojabula ngokuvama ukuguqula amagobolondo, uma benikezwe ithuba - isithombe esijabulisayo okufanele basibuke.
Kunezinhlobo zomhlaba ezingaba ngu-15 emhlabeni, kanti lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zivame ukulondolozwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo: umhluzi weCaribbean hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus kanye ne-Ecuadorian hermit crab, Coenobita compressus. Ezinye izinhlobo, ezinjengeCoenobita brevamanus, Coenobita rugosus, Coenobita perlatus, noma Coenobita cavipes, azijwayelekile, kepha futhi kufanelekile futhi zaziwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Umzimba we-hermit crabs uthambile kakhulu, awunalo igobolondo eliqinile, ngakho-ke izinhlobo eziningi zivikela isisu sazo ngamagobolondo angenalutho. Bazingela nabo, futhi bacashe kubo uma kungenzeka kube nengozi. Izimbambo ezintathu zezitho, kufaka namacandwe, zivame ukuphuma kwigobolondo. Uzipho lwesobunxele luzingela umdlavuza, kanti kwesokudla luvikela umnyango wokucwila. Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-hermit pair of paws yancishiswa kakhulu kumakhambi. Yiwo manje ase ebambe echibini uma enyakaza.
I-Hermit Crab Shell
Njengesikhoselo, umhlume we-hermit ukhetha amagobolondo ezinhlobo ezingama-25 zama-mollusk Ngaphandle kwabo, basengozini enkulu futhi baba izisulu kalula. Isilinganiselo sokukhetha esiyinhloko isilinganiso sevolumu yangaphakathi kwesisindo sokushona.
Njengoba crab hermit ikhula njalo, uhlala ebheka igobolondo elisha. Imvamisa, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika, uqala ukufuna indlu ebanzi ngokwengeziwe. Uma kunosinki oluningi kuyo, khona-ke inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni senzeka ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kepha uma kungekho magobolondo, lapho-ke i-hermit crab ibheka eminye imikhakha efana nale. Uma ethola umuntu onogobolondo wakhe ngokusobala engenasayizi, khona-ke uthengisa ngompompi okhethekile umfowabo angamshintshana. Uma kuvunyelwene, umakhelwane ukhasa ukuphuma echibini. Kodwa-ke, uma okuthile kungahambisani naye, umhluzi we-hermit uvala umnyango ngesigaxa. Imvamisa, izimpi zangempela zenzeka phakathi kwezinswelaboya zesikhala esiphilayo.
I-Symbiosis ye-hermit crabs kanye ne-sea anemones
Imvundla evame ukwenzeka njalo ihlala egobolondweni lolwandle i-anemones, evikela izitha. Ama-anemones olwandle nawo ahamba masinyane kanye nabo beyofuna inyamazane. Ama-anemone asolwandle anama-hemicals anobuthi enza ukuba umuntu ohlukunyeziwe angalimali. Eminye imitshanguzo ithanda ukutshala i-anemone ngqo ku-claw, evimba ukungena kwesinki uma kungenzeka kube yingozi. Uma kunesidingo sokushintsha igobolondo, khona-ke umhlume we-hermit ubambelela umakhelwane wakhe ekhaya lakhe elisha. Imvamisa kakhulu imifino, engatholanga igobolondo, ixazulule i-anemone emzimbeni wayo.
Izimo ezikhulayo zeCrustacean
Ukuzalela umqhele kanye nembaza njengebhizinisi kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni zokugcina ezikhethekile. Ungakhula ama-crustaceans athengiswa echibini, kepha lokhu kuphela ezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezifanele (ngokwesibonelo, eCrimea noma eKrasnodar Territory). Osomabhizinisi bezifunda ezisenyakatho banokuzikhethela okuncane, bangaxazulula ama-arthropods kungaba ezindaweni zasemanzini noma emachibi akhethekile.
Ukuzalela i-shrimp kanye ne-crab ezindaweni zasemanzini
Ukukhulisa imfudu kanye ne-shrimp ezindaweni zasemanzini kungukuzithengisa nje ngokuthi "izilwane ezifuywayo". Ukuqala ibhizinisi, udinga ukuthenga i-aquarium ehlome ngokuphelele - ehlukaniselwe umuntu ngamunye, ukuze ugweme ukuziphatha okunolaka kwama-crustaceans nokuhlaselwa kwawo komunye nomunye. Umthamo owuthandayo, ucabanga ngosayizi wama-arthropods amadala, okungenani amalitha angama-52.
Izinhlamvu zohlobo lwe Crab Crab
Ukukhula okuphakathi kwesampula enjalo ethokozisayo - umqhele kakhukhunathi ungamasentimitha angama-40 anesisindo esincane (cishe amakhilogremu amane kuphela), ubude besigaxa esisodwa kwifomu elingafakwanga bungadlula amasentimitha angama-90. Isikhathi sokuphila se-arthropod cishe siyiminyaka engama-60, yize, ngokusho kososayensi, leli yiphuzu elixakile futhi leli minyaka, ngenxa yomjikelezo wempilo omncane, lingadlula inani elilinganisiwe. Coconut crab, usayizi othi lapho eneminyaka engu-5 efinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuphela, udumile kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezitolo ezingaphandle, abaqoqi bezimangaliso eziningi baphupha ukubutha amaqoqo abo ngesilwane esihle kangaka.
Ukukhula kwama-crustaceans ezigodini
Ichibi labantu abazalisayo kufanele lifakwe konke okudingakalayo: imishini yokushisa amanzi, izindawo zokukhosela ezikhethekile zokudalwa ongazisebenzisa izitini noma amatshe ephukile, namadivayisi anganikeza ukugeleza komoya okuhle. Kungcono ukufaka ichibi ezindlini, ngoba ama-arthropods awabekezeleli ukubanda.
Ukuzalela echibini
Emaphethelweni afudumele we-shrimp ne crab, ungagijimela echibini elihlomele ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Ebusika, bonke abantu basezichibini ezifakiwe kokubhalwe phansi abavikelwe okusalungiswa. Izidingo ezilandelayo zenziwa emachibini: ubukhona be-moss, algae, tardigrade, ama-rotifers, izixha zamagatsha, amatshe kanye ne-driftwood emanzini abo. Konke lokhu kungasiza ukugwema amacala we-cannibalism futhi kunciphise izindleko zokuthenga okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngenkani.
Qaphela: amanzi asemanzini, echibini noma echibini kumele futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo eziningi. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa lakhona alikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwama-25 futhi libe ngaphezulu kwama-28 degrees, kanye ne-acidity - ngaphansi kwama-unit ayi-9.
Kamchatka
I-peninsula, eyaqamba igama leKamchatka crab, emanzini okukulesi sizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke kuleli crustacean emhlabeni. Ukuze uvikele ekulweni nokudoba ngokungemthetho komkhaba futhi ulondoloze izindawo zokuzalela izinhlobo zemvelo, kudalelwe indawo esifundeni saseNyakatho lapho kungavunyelwe noma yiziphi izindlela zokudoba. Futhi ekugcineni, impendulo yombuzo ongase uthakazelise abaningi. Okungukuthi, le nto ephilayo iphefumula kanjani? Izitho zokuphefumula zalezi crustaceans ziyizimbotshana, ezifakwa emathangeni futhi zivikelwe igobolondo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho ufika phezulu, umoya we crab unikezwa ngamanzi asele emithanjeni yezifo zawo, hhayi umoya ozungezile.
Izici Zokuthengisa zomkhiqizo
Njengoba ibhizinisi le-shrimp ne-crab eRussia lakhiwa kahle, akufanele kube nezinkinga ngokuthengisa kwabantu. Imikhiqizo ingahanjiswa ezitolo zezilwane (uma ama-arthropods agcinwa e-aquarium), nezitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu, izindawo zokudlela nezinye izindawo zokupheka, ezitolo zokudoba ezizimele. Kungcono ukuvula okuthengiswayo lapho ukutshala i-arthropod kusakazwa.
Chitha uvule ibhizinisi kuzoba nama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuye kwangama-350. Lokhu ngaphandle kokubheka izindleko zokutholwa kwemishini ekhethekile ebizayo. Okuningi okuzotshalwa ebhizinisini, okuphezulu kuzoba inzuzo, konke kuncike kosomabhizinisi uqobo kanye namakhono akhe.
Ngokuqondene nentengo yemakethe, namuhla ama-shrimps athengiswa ngokwesilinganiso kuma-ruble angama-210-450 nge-1 kg, ama-Kamchatka crabs - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1500 kuya kwangama-3500 ngomthamo ofanayo (kuya ngengxenye yomzimba othengisiwe). Isikhathi sokukhokha samaphrojekthi anjalo yisilinganiso seminyaka engu-1.5-2.
Umbono othokozisayo emkhakheni wokulima izinhlanzi wasekhaya: ukuzalanisa izidumbu njengebhizinisi. Izici zokuqukethwe kwama-cyprinids, ukuqala ukutshalwa kwezimali nenzuzo engaba khona.
Kuyasiza ukufunda ukuthi ukuhlela kanjani ukuzalaniswa kwe-sterlet ekhaya ukuze kuthengiswe.
Imali engenayo kumfuyi izoletha ibhizinisi lokudoba izinhlanzi. Konke mayelana nendlela yokuhlela i-smokehouse.
Isiphetho
Ukukhula ngokuthengiswa kwama-crustaceans kuwumsebenzi othembisayo othembisa ukuletha inzuzo ezinzile. Ukuhlela ibhizinisi lakho, uzodinga imali encanyana yokuqalisa. Futhi uma sinikezwe isimo sezepolitiki ezweni manje, isikhathi esifanele sokuzama ngokwakho kulolu daba. Inkambo ejwayelekile yokufakwa esikhundleni sokungeniswa ezweni, eyamenyezelwa eRussia kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014, ifaka ukuhlinzekwa kokuxhaswa kombuso kumabhizinisi ezolimo. Kufanele ufunde kabanzi ngokuthi ungasithola kanjani isibonelelo sokuthuthuka kwamabhizinisi amancane.
Ngabe amabala azalela kanjani?
Isigaba 1. Zihlala kuphi lezi zilwane?
Empeleni, igama liyazikhulumela. Ngisho nomfundi ofunisisa kakhulu uzovele aqaphele ukuthi lolu hlobo lomqhele lutholakala ngamanani amakhulu eRussia, okungukuthi, ngasogwini lweKamchatka.
Yize kungewona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi uyatholakala nasePrimorye. Phakathi kokunye, kungatholakala endaweni kusuka ePosyet Bay uye ogwini lwePacific lwaseCanada, uma udlulela engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandle lwaseJapan uye oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk kanye nolwandle iBering Ocean kanye neziqhingi zase-Aleutian.
Ihlala kuphi i-monster crustacean?
Indawo yokuhlala kwendawo kakhukhunathi ingumhlaba kuphela; umuntu omdala akakwazi ukuhlala emanzini ngenxa yokuthi amaphaphu e-gill (okuthile phakathi kwama gill kanye namaphaphu) ahunyushelwa ukuphefumula komoya wasemhlabeni, naphezu kokuba khona kwezicubu zomzimba onjalo gill. Esikhundleni salokho, amandla okuba khona ezindaweni ezimbili (zasemanzini nezisemhlabeni) akhona esakhiweni sokuqala sempilo yomphala; lapho umuntu emdala ekhula, umuntu onjalo ushintshela esimweni sokuphila komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-arthropods awazi ukuthi ukubhukuda kanjani, futhi uma esemanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ngokuqinisekile azominza. Okuhlukile yisimo lapho umqhele kakhukhunathi usasesigabeni se-larval, kulokhu indawo yasemanzini ingokwendabuko yayo.
Indlela Yokuphila Yokhukhunathi
Ukuhlangabezana necala likakhukhunathi ngesikhathi sasemini akulula, ngoba kukhetha ukuhola impilo yasebusuku, ukucasha ngesikhathi selanga emigodini yesihlabathi, emithanjeni yamakhorali noma emifantwini yamatshe, phansi kwalo kufakwe amaqabunga nemicu kakhukhunathi. Lokhu kwenziwa isela likakhukhunathi - "Crab nge capital capital" ukuze kulondolozwe izinga elifanele lomswakama ekhaya lakhe.
Futhi, ngesikhathi sokuphumula, uvala indlela yokungena endaweni yakhe yokuhlala ngesigaxa esisodwa. Lokhu kuyasiza nokusindisa i-microclimate entofontofo kumuntu ohlala ezintendeni.
Coconut Crab Ukuthintwa kokuqala
Ngokombono wabantu baseYurophu bokuqala abafika eziqhingini zezindawo ezazakhiwe kuzo kakhukhunathi, lokhu okwedlule kwavela njengesidalwa esinezimpondo ezinde, sicashe ngotshani obuluhlaza bezithelo zemithi yesundu futhi ngokuzumayo sathumba inyamazane idlula noma ngaphansi kwesihlahla, phakathi kwayo kwakukhona ngisho nezimbuzi nezimvu. Ngempela, i-coconut crabfish iyisimeleli esikhulu kunazo zonke se-decapod crayfish, inamandla amakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukuphakamisa umthwalo ongama-30 kg. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, leli khono lisetshenziswa umqhele ukudonsela inyamazane ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya endaweni, futhi ekudleni kukhetha izilwane ezifile, imifantu (yebo, incane kunaye), amafudu amancane nezithelo eziwile, ikakhulukazi, izithelo ze-pandanus nokuqukethwe kwamantongomane kakhukhunathi amasundu. Futhi, amasela esundu (igama lesibili lomqhele kakhukhunathi) aphoqeleka ukuba abambe futhi adle amagundane asePolynesia kanye namathini odoti, lapho afuna uhlobo oluthile lwe- “yummy”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwabantu akusona neze isici esibuthakathaka sokweba ukhukhunathi wesundu.
Lesi sithombe sibonisa ngokusobala isifiso se-clawfoot ukwenza inzuzo, lapho enesikhali esinamandla - izilenge ezinkulu zamasayizi amangalisayo.
Kudlani isela lesundu?
Ngokusekelwe egameni lale crab, singaphetha ngokuthi amakhukhunathi angumkhiqizo wokudla awuthandayo. Le arthropod ingagibela ngokushesha iziqu zesundu, futhi ukunqotshwa kokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-6 kuwumkhuba kuye. Uma ubheka ohlangothini, njengesilo esikhulu esikhulu esinemilenze eminingi sidabula esiqwini sesihlahla, kanye nentokozo yamehlo anjalo angajwayelekile, noma yimuphi umuntu uzothola ukwesaba nokushaqeka ngenxa yokungaziwa kwalokhu okwenzekayo: kungabonakala sengathi umqhele, umuntu ohlala entweni yamanzi - nasesihlahleni! Ngabe kuyindida?! Ngamakhaza anamandla, amabala abamba ukhukhunathi awela phansi aphule. Uma i-nut ihlala iqinile ngenkathi iwa, khona-ke umqhele kakhukhunathi uzoqhubeka nokuwukhipha esiswini ukuze ufike epulpiti ye-juicy nati, le nqubo eyindida ingahlala ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Uma yonke imizamo ihluleka, crustacean izofinyelela umgomo wayo ngendlela ehlukile. Isela lesundu (coconut crab, okungukuthi) lizophakamisa isithelo libuyisele emthini wesundu bese liphonsa futhi.Yize imininingwane ngokuqhubeka kokuqhekeka kakhukhunathi ingaqinisekisiwe, ngokusho kweminye imibiko, empeleni, imifantu idla izithelo eziqokiwe eziwile esihlahleni zilele emhlabathini.
Lapho sehlela emhlabathini, imifantu, ngenxa yokuqhuma kwayo kwesinye isikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi ayizibambi futhi iwele phansi. Ngaphandle kokubandlulula ngokwabo, bangabekezelela kalula ukuwa okuvela kumitha eyi-4-5 ukuphakama.
Izici ezihehayo zomkhovu kakhukhunathi
Ngenxa yezitho ezikhethekile ezitholakala ezintombini ezinquma indlela okuhogela ngayo nokuhogela kwayo, umqhele kakhukhunathi, ngokungafani nezihlobo zawo, unomuzwa wokuhogela. Njenganoma imuphi umqhele, une-tactile receptors: yobude obuhlukile, izinwele nezinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezitho zokuzenzisa, abanye abafowethu abaphucwa zona. Ukuba khona kwabo kungenxa yezici ezithile zokuthuthuka kwesela lesundu, okwathi ngasikhathi sinye lalingekho emanzini futhi lathutha ukuhlala emhlabeni. Njengoba elambile, uzwa inyamazane yakhe noma ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi.
"Palm Thief" - igama lesibili sanikezwa umqhele kakhukhunathi ngenxa yothando lwayo yonke into enhle. Uma noma iyiphi into ecwebezelayo (kungaba yisipuni, imfoloko, insimbi yensimbi, izinto zasendlini noma okuthile okukhangayo) kutholakala emendweni we-arthropod, crab ngeke idlule esidlule futhi izosizakala ngokuthola okuthokozisayo (noma ngabe eyokugcina ingekho ngokuphelele), ezodonsela kuyo umqhele crab.
Izinyathelo Zokulondolozwa Kokonokhi Coconut
Ngingathanda futhi ukukhuluma ngokuthi kungani crab coconut yaziswa kangaka. Isithombe sesilo esinjalo esinezimpelesi ezinkulu ngokusobala asimbangeli uzwela.
Kungani abesifazane nabesilisa bemthanda kangaka, uma kukhona ukuzingela okungapheli kwesiqhingi esingafani nalokhu? Inyama yophizi lukakhukhunathi, ngaphezu kokubhekwa njengento edla ubhedu, ibuye ibe yi-aphrodisiac (into edala inqubo yokuvuselela umzimba ngokocansi futhi ithuthukise isifiso sobulili kubantu besifazane nabesilisa), okuholela ekuzingeleni okuyiqiniso kwalolu hlobo lwe-arthropod. Inambitha njenge-lobster noma inyama yamalathi futhi iphekwe ngendlela efanayo.
Isitsha sendabuko kunazo zonke kulezi ziqhingi ukhukhunathi kakhukhunathi, onikezwe ngosawoti wobisi lukakhukhunathi noma ubiliswe ubisi olunjalo isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yehora. Endleleni, eGuinea, ukuze kusindiswe inani labantu abasebenza ngozipho lukakhukhunathi, lokhu okugcina akuvunyelwe ukufakwa kwimenyu yokudlela.
Kwamanye amazwe, kubekelwa imingcele eqinile ekubanjweni kwama crab coconut ukuvimbela ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, esiqhingini saseSaipan, kuye kwenqatshelwa ekubambeni izinambuzane ngesikhathi sokuzalela nakubantu abanethala elingaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-3,5.
Izikhubalo Zekakhukhunathi
Yize, ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, kusathakazelisa ukuthi bazithola kanjani izigidi ezinkulu kangaka, ezesabekayo? EziQhingini ZaseMariana, kuhlelwa izicupho zikakhukhunathi, zona zihlikihle kakhukhunathi ngokwawo. Ukuthi isithiyidi esinjalo kushiyelwa izinsuku ezimbalwa “zokumuncwa” ezidingekayo ukuze imvuthuluka iphunga isidlo sakusihlwa esilungiselelwe yona. Isicupho asidingi ngisho nokufihlwa, sidinga kuphela ukuboshelwa esihlahleni esithile ukuze i-crab ingakwazi ukudonsa inyamazane yaso ngendlela engaziwa.
Ukuzalaniswa kwesela lesundu
Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amasela esundu aqala ukwanda. Inqubo yokuqomisana ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele, ngenkathi ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka kaningi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, izigqila zesifazane zibopha amaqanda avundile engxenyeni engezansi yesisu, kwathi ngesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa, umqhele wekhukhunathi wesifazane ukhipha izibungu emanzini olwandle ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okukhulu. Emavikini amathathu kuya amane alandelayo, izibungu ezintantayo emanzini zidlulela ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula.Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30, imifantu egcwele ngokugcwele icwila ezansi, lapho ihlala khona kumagobolondo ama-gastropods noma amancanyana, ikulungiselela kancane kancane ukuthuthela ezweni, elihanjelwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuthuthukiswa komphofu omncane
Kulesi sikhathi sempilo, nginegobolondo emhlane, imifantu ifana kakhulu nemifino efuywayo futhi igqoke indlu kuze kube yilapho isisu siqala ukuba lukhuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuthuthukiswa crab abasha, kuba nesikhathi sokuncibilika lapho i-arthropod iphonsa kaninginingi imidwebo yayo.
Isigaba sokugcina 'sokukhula' senkala encane sibopha umsila wayo ngaphansi kwesisu, okudala uhlobo lwesilinganiso sokuzivikela emonakalweni ongaba khona. Njengoba bekhula, kancane kancane izinambuzane zilahlekelwa amandla abo okuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi ngokushesha bagcina sebeya endaweni yabo eyinhloko - emhlabeni.
Ukokoni lukakhukhunathi lufinyelela ekuvuthweni okucishe kube yiminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokuqokwa, ifinyelele usayizi omkhulu cishe ngeminyaka engama-40.
Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezinhlanu edlule, emanzini olwandle lwaseCambrian, phakathi kwezindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-cirrus of anemones, agijimela ezansi, abasunguli bama-crustaceans banamuhla bangena emseleni. Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eMhlabeni, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-70 zalezi zidalwa, lapho izinhlobo zazo eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa zingamabala. Ukuthi lezi zidalwa zikuphi manje, lapho zihlala khona nokuthi ziyini ngosayizi - lo mbhalo uyatshela.