Swallowtail uvemvane - Lokhu luhlaza omuhle kakhulu, usuku olukhulu uvemvane lomndeni wemikhumbi (ngomusa). Izimpiko zezinduna zamakhoweon zifinyelela ku-8 cm, kuthi lezo zinsikazi zibe yi-8-10 cm. Njengoba kujwayelekile kuzo zonke izimvemvane zosuku lonke, imicu yokugwinya imise oklabhu.

Ezimpondweni zasemuva kukhona ukuphuma kwemvelo, okufana nama-ponytails, kuze kufike ku-1 cm. Umbala wamaphiko we uvemvane ophuzi uye ophuzi, onephethini elimnyama, amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi angaba khona emaphikweni asemuva, kepha kukhona “iso” elibomvu ekhoneni elingaphakathi lephiko.

Uma ubheka isithombe uvemvane olugwinyayo, ungabona ukuthi izithunzi zamaphiko awo ziyehluka kangakanani, kusuka kusihlabathi ophuzi, cishe omhlophe, kuya kphuzi okukhanyayo.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umbala we uvemvane uncike esimweni sezulu ahlala kuso. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yobubanzi bendawo abahlala kuyo, umbala usephaphathekile, iphethini elimnyama liqhamuke ngokuqinile emaphikweni.

Ngenkathi izinhlobonhlobo zaseningizimu zoveli olugwinyayo zikhulu kakhulu futhi zinombala ophuzi ngokuqinile wamaphiko, futhi iphethini emnyama kuzo icwengekile ngokwengeziwe.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala kovemvane olugobayo

IButterfly Habitat ukugwinya ngokumangazayo ububanzi. Lolu hlobo luvame eNyakatho Afrika, eNyakatho Melika, yonke indawo e-Asia, ngisho nakwezindawo ezishisayo, kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwe-Ireland cishe neNgilandi yonke, lapho kutholakala khona uvemvane endaweni encane kuphela yeNorflock County, nakuwo wonke amazwe asabekayo kusuka eNyakatho

I-Arctic Ocean iya eLwandle Olumnyama kanye neCaucasus. Uvemvane i-swallowtail wahlangana ngisho nasendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4 500 ngaphezu kolwandle eTibet. Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okunjalo kobubanzi bendawo, kuze kufinyelele ezingamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa okubhaliwe kuzogwinya.

Cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ungazijabulisa izingcaphuno eziqokiwe. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia kunama-subspecies abizwa ngokuthi i-orientis. Kwindawo emanzi yaseAmur nasePrimorsky igolo elikhulu ama-subspecies ussuriensis, abhekwa njengabakhulu kunawo wonke ama-subspecies we-butterfly okugwinyayo.

Ezindaweni ezinesiqhingi ezinjengeSakhalin, Japan kanye ne-Kuril Islands, ama-hippocrates ahlala. I-amurensis subspecies itholakala kuwo wonke umcengezi we-Amur aphansi naphakathi. Ezindaweni zasendle zeTransbaikal Territory kanye nasenkabeni yeYakutia, okungenani izindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi: i-asiatica - enyakatho yalezi zindawo, nama-orientis, akhetha isimo sezulu eseningizimu.

Zimbili zezinhlobo ezifundwe okungenani ezihlala eJapan - i-mandschurica ne-chishimana. Abathandi besimo sezulu esifudumele esifudumele - i-gorganus - batholakala ezindaweni eziseCentral Europe, enyakatho yeCaucasus naseningizimu yeRussia.

E-UK, abakwaBrutannicus nabaseNyakatho Melika ama-aliaska bakhetha indawo enomswakama kakhudlwana. Izifunda zeCaucasus kanye nolwandle lweCaspian seziyindawo yokuthola indawo eyi-centralis kanye ne-rustaveli, nokho, zona ziye zahlala kakhulu ezintabeni. Futhi i-muetingi yaba izakhamuzi zase-Elbrus ezikwele ezintabeni. ESyria, izimvemvane ze-subspecies syriacus zitholakala kakhulu.

Kuzo zonke izingosi ezingaphansi, ama-kamtschadalus amangalisa aqhakambisa ngaphezu kwamanye - amaphiko awo anemibala ekhanyayo ephuzi, kepha iphethini elimnyama liphaphathekile, futhi imisila imfushane ngokubonakalayo kunayo yonke eminye imibukiso.

Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka phakathi kwezimvemvane zezizukulwane ezihlukile nokuncika okusobala kombala wamaphiko ekushiseni kwendawo yokuhlala, i-taxonomy ayikafiki emcabangweni ovamile, futhi ama-subspecies amaningi kunalokho aphikisana futhi angaqondakali.

Isibonelo, esifundeni sase-Ussuri ukugwinya ama-subspecies ussuriensis, kepha, ngokusho kokunye, awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa njengezinkampani ezihlukanisiwe ezihlukile, ngoba angamane azalwa ehlobo.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila yovemvane olugwinyayo

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sasehlobo sovemvane esiwugwadule sisukela ngoMeyi kuze kube nguJuni, futhi sisuka kuJulayi kuze kube ngu-Agasti, yize ezinye izingosi eziseningizimu nazo zitholakala kulo lonke uSepthemba.

Lolu hlobo uvemvane luholela empilweni yansuku zonke futhi luthanda izikhala ezivulekile zelanga - imiphetho yamahlathi, izihlahla ezinkulu, amasimu avulekile, izingadi namapaki amadolobha anezimbali eziningi.

Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, i-butterfly swallowtail inenqwaba yezitha ezilondekile - izinyoni ezingavikeleki, izicabucabu ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zezintuthwane zingaba yingozi enkulu kuvemvane.

Isithombe ngumuntu omnyama machaon Maak

Ngalesi sizathu, uvemvane izinambuzane ezigwinyayo isebenza kakhulu futhi inomdlandla, noma ihlala phansi imbali ukuyidla, lezi zimvemvane akuvamile ukuthi zigoqe amaphiko azo futhi zihlale zikulungele ukujuluka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. UMachaon Maak (isikebhe sesikebhe noma umsila weMaak) uvemvane olukhulu kunazo zonke lwaseRussia. Ihlala ePrimorye, eShushin eseNingizimu, esifundeni i-Amur kanye naseJapan, China naseKorea.

Isikhathi esiningi esinabantu abaningi abahlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe futhi aqabulayo, indawo yokukhula kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, umbala we uvemvane umnyama kakhulu, unemibala ehlukahlukene eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noku nsomi.

Swallowtail Butterfly Ukudla

Amacimbi eSwallowtail qala ukudla kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi lapho eshiya iqanda. Kulesi sitshalo sefishi lesi sikhonyane siba yilapho umama we uvemvane abeka khona iqanda.

Imvamisa, lezi zitshalo yi-dill, i-parsley, i-fennel kanye nezinye izitshalo zomndeni wesambulela. Uma izitshalo ezinjalo zingekho eduzane, amacimbi angadla nge-alder noma, ngokwesibonelo, umhlonyane. Ekupheleni kokukhula kwayo, isibungu empeleni siyeka ukondla.

Uhlobo okuwukuphela kwalo olwamukelekayo lwe uvemvane olubunjiweyo lwe-machaon, kanye neningi lezimvemvane, umpe wezimbali, kuyilapho izimvemvane zingenakho ukukhetha okuningi kuzo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokuzala kabusha uvemvane okugwinyayo siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi, kodwa ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu singaphindiselwa kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, kuye ngezimo zezulu. Insikazi ibeka amaqanda ayisiyingi ngombala ophuzi ophuzi ezihlahleni noma ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ezitshalo zokudla.

Owesifazane oyedwa phakathi nokujikeleza kwakhe kokuphila, okuthatha cishe izinsuku ezimbili, angazalela amaqanda angaphezu kwekhulu, abeke amaqanda amabili noma amathathu ngendlela ngayinye. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, amaqanda ashintsha umbala wawo futhi athole iphethini elimnyama.

UDolly we-swallowtail emnyama

Amacembe aqhekeka ezizukulwaneni ezimbili - eyokuqala ingamacimbi aqhekeka kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, futhi isizukulwane sesibili, esaphuma emaqanda phakathi nesikhathi kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. Kuphela isibungu esidlekayo esiwugqinsi sinombala omnyama, ibala elimhlophe elikhulu emuva nama-warts amnyama azungezwe ama-halos awolintshi.

Njengoba zikhula, umbala wesibungu uyashintsha - isibungu siguquka siluhlaza ngemivimbo emnyama etholakala emzimbeni wayo wonke, ama-warts ayanyamalala, futhi ama-halos asala amabala e-orange kule mivimbo efanayo.

Lapho isikhathi sifika, amacimbi agxila esihlahleni esifanayo lapho sasihlala futhi sidla khona. Ama-butterall butterfly Swallowtail Isizukulwane sokuqala sivame ukuba nombala ophuzi ophuzi noma oluhlaza okotshani onephethini kw ichashaza elincane elimnyama.

I-Pupae yesizukulwane sesibili i-denser, brown brown noma brown, ihlelelwe ukusinda ebusika. Ibhabhathane lizodonsa ukusuka empungweni ehlobo phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya amathathu, ngenkathi ukukhula ngaphakathi kwephimpi ebusika kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ngenxa yendawo ebanzi enjalo nokubukeka okulula kodwa okumangazayo, ukuthandwa kukavemvane okugwinyayo emphakathini wesintu kuye kwaba kukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvemvane i-swallowtail lubhalwe kwi-Red Book emazweni amaningi, futhi luvame ukusebenza njengophawu lomzabalazo wokulindisa izilwane zasendle.

Ngakho-ke eTatarstan “Isigodi saseMachaon"Yabizwa ngokuthi iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa indawo yokuhlala eyenzelwe ngqo ukuze ingalimazi imvelo ebaluleke kakhulu ngamachibi ayo amancane. ELatvia ngonyaka ka-2013, kubekwe umphetho wezingalo zesonto laseSkyudalienna isithombe uvemvane lokugwinya.

Ihlala kuphi imachaon?

Indawo yokuhlala kwe-swallowtail ifaka cishe yonke i-Europe, i-Asia, i-Afrika kanye neNyakatho Melika. Ezindaweni zamazwekazi angenhla, uvemvane uhlala cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu. Ama-machaon atholakala ezintabeni zaseTibet, endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayi-4,5. Lesi sinambuzane sithanda isikhala, ngakho izindawo ezithandwa uvemvane zingamamitha, izitebhisi, imiphetho yamahlathi, i-tundra. Enyakatho ye-swallowtail ongayibona ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu nangaphezulu, ngaphezu kwehlobo, uvemvane lutholakala ngoMeyi nangoSepthemba.

Incazelo

Ama-sailboats noma amanenekazi - umndeni oletha ndawonye izimvemvane ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, kepha kwamanye amazwekazi ungabona izinambuzane ezithokozisayo nezinempilo. Umndeni unezinhlobo ezingama-700 zezikebhe ezikebheni, 20. E-Russia, uvemvane iSwallowtail yisimeli esivamile sohlobo lwePapilio olunemisila emide namaphiko e-wavy. Umbala wesinambuzane uphuzi ngephethini emnyama neso elibomvu bhuu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uvemvane lutholakala kuyo yonke iPalearctic, inani labo lehlile kakhulu. Ukuvikela iLepidoptera ekubhujisweni okuphelele, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zabhalwa ku-Red Book.

ISailboat Machaon (Papiliomachaon) ingelinye lamalungu omndeni wayo ajwayelekile. UCarl Linnaeus waziqamba lezi zinhlobo ngemuva kukadokotela wasenganekwaneni wamaGreek uMachaon, obambe iqhaza emkhankasweni wokulwa noTroy. Ubukhulu bezimpiko zabesilisa bungama 65-80 mm, insikazi ingama 75-95 mm. Isizinda esikhulu samaphiko siphuzi. Maphakathi kwephiko langaphambili kunephethini lemivimbo emnyama namabala, isisekelo simnyama. Umngcele omnyama obanzi onama-hemispheres aphuzi ugudla unqenqemeni. Ingxenye eyinhloko yamaphiko esikela ingephuzi, eduze nomphetho kunebhande eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinomngcele omnyama. Umphetho ongaphandle uneso elibomvu ngokushaywa okumnyama. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ukuthi onqenqemeni lwezimpiko zangemuva zovemvane olugwinyayo lugwayi, imisila ingu-10 mm ubude.

I-Papiliomachaon yesizukulwane sokuqala ilula ngombala, abamele isizukulwane sesibili bakhulu kakhulu, imibala yabo igcwele futhi icacile.

Umzimba wenundu ulula, umbozwe izinwele ezinesihlabathi. Esifubeni nesisu yimivimbo emnyama emide. Ikhanda liyindilinga, alisebenzi. Amehlo e-facet eyinkimbinkimbi atholakala ezinhlangothini. Isitho sombono sisiza izinambuzane zikwazi ukuhamba emkhathini, zihlukanise phakathi kwezinto nemibala ethile. Engxenyeni engaphambili kunezimpondo ezinde ezihlanganisiwe eziphela emqubeni. Isikhethi somlomo wesilomo. Le-proboscis ende emnyama, ekuvumela ukuthi uphuze umpe kusuka ezimbali. Esimweni esizolile, igoqeka ibe yindawo evulekile.

Kunokwehlukana okuthile phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Okokuqala, lokhu kuphathelene nombala nosayizi wezinambuzane. Izinsikazi zinombala ogqamile namaphiko amakhulu. Izimpiko zesilisa zingama-65-95 mm, kuthi owesimame angama-75- 58 mm.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

Indawo ebanzi yokusatshalaliswa kwama-machaons iholele ekwakhekeni kwama-subspecies ahlukene ngombala nosayizi.

• m. I-bairdii uluthi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oludonswayo olutholakala eNyakatho Melika. Ukwakheka okumnyama kufana nesikebhe sokuhamba ngePolyxen. Umbala oyinhloko umnyama. Emaphikweni angaphambili, iphethini yemivimbo ophuzi namabala asemngceleni omnyama. Emaphikweni asemuva, ngaphezu kwezindawo eziphuzi nezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iso lewolintshi liseduze nemisila.

• m. ussuriensis - uhlala ePrimorye kanye ne-Amur Region, iqembu libhekene nosayizi omkhulu wezinambuzane. Kwabesifazane, amaphiko angama-95 mm, emadodeni - 85 mm. Izinambuzane zigcwele ngombala omnyama nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala.
• m. ama-hippocrates - isizinda sihlala eJapan naseziqhingini eziseduze, ngomugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu kwamehlo abomvu okuvalelwe phakathi kwabamnyama ababili.
• m. kamtschadalus - izimvemvane ezihlukile zombala ophuzi okhanyayo ngephethini emnyama efiphele nemisila emifushane. Ukubhalwa kwendawo engapheli kuhlala e-Kamchatka peninsula.

• m. i-gorganus - i-subspecies yamazwekazi isatshalaliswa kabanzi emathafeni aseRussia, emaphethelweni eCaucasus naseCentral Europe. Ngabe lubukeka kanjani uvemvane olugwinyayo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu? Ama-mappan awadluli ku-60-70 mm, imisila yawo ingama-6-7 mm ubude. Isendlalelo samaphiko siphuzi esikhanyayo ngephethini elimnyama elihlukile kanye namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Indlela yokuphila yesibhungane ebizwa ngokuthi i-swallowtail

Ososayensi kanye nabaphenyi bezilwane zezilwane bayabona ukuthi ama-butterfly agqamile kakhulu. Abahlali esitshalweni esisodwa isikhathi eside. Sebefikile, bandiza ngokushesha bandize.

Ngokuziphilisa khetha ama-glade amahlathi, izihlahla, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ebusika, ama-machaons ayahlakazwa. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo, amacimbi agwinyayo alengisa ukokhele ezigxotsheni zezitshalo zokudla nobusika.

Isidlo se-Swallowtail Butterfly

Lapho nje amacimbi eshiya iqanda, liqala ukuzondla esitshalweni lapho lalibekwe khona leliqanda. Amakati azondla kakhulu. Njengomthetho, i-parsley, i-dill kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezambulela, kanye nomhlonyane, i-alder nezinye ziba yisitshalo sokudla kwaso isibungu. Kepha lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwembethe kufinyelela esigabeni sokugcina, kuyeka ukondla.

Izimvemvane ezingamaSwallowtail zidla umpe wanoma iziphi izimbali, kepha izinhlobo zezitshalo zesambulela nazo zingavakashela.

Izitha ze-machaon

Ingozi yalezivemvane yizilwane ezingavikeleki, izinyoni, izicabucabu, izintuthwane, njll.

Ucwaningo lwe-entomological, ukuthathwa kwabo ngenhloso yokuqoqa, ukutadisha, nakho kungathinta izinombolo zabo. Ukuba sesiteji seqanda, amacimbi noma i-pupa, i-swallowtail ingafa ngenxa yemililo ye-steppe.

Eminyakeni engaba ngu-80 eyedlule, ama-machaon ayesezizinambuzane zezitshalo ezitshaliwe, futhi aqothuliswa ngentshiseko. Okwamanje, inani labo lehlile kakhulu, futhi abasabeki engcupheni yezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Futhi badinga nokuvikelwa.

Ngakho-ke, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke babheka amanani abo, futhi amazwe amaningi asevele ebhale ku-Red Book, ikakhulukazi amazwe aseYurophu.

Ukulinganiselwa nokuvikelwa

Inani lezimvemvane ezigwinyayo eRussia ziyahlukahluka kusuka kokuphansi kuya kokujwayelekile ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Uhlobo lolu lusongelwa ezindaweni ezimbalwa: iSmolensk, eMoscow, eVologda. Kulezi zifunda, kanye nakuSakhalin, uvemvane ogwinyayo ubhalwe kuNcwadi oluBomvu. Izici ezingezinhle ezithinta inani lezimvemvane zingokwemvelo nezomnotho.

• Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukushoda kwelanga ngesikhathi sokuzala kanye nokuqothuka kwe-oviposition.
• Ukwehlulwa kwezibungu ngefungus kanye nama-parasites ekwindla enemvula, evikelekile.
• Izithambisi zakuqala, ngenxa yokuthi isibungu asinaso isikhathi sokushintsha sibe yi-chrysalis bese sifa.

• Imililo yamahlathi notshani kwawa.
• Ukwelashwa okubulala izinambuzane kwamasimu wezolimo.
• Ukucekelwa phansi kwamacimbi nokubamba izimvemvane zeqoqo.

Ukwehla kwenani lePapiliomachaon akubonwa eRussia kuphela, kepha emazweni aseYurophu. Izinhlobo lezi zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso eLatvia, Lithuania, Germany. Njengezindlela zokuzivikela, kwenqatshelwe ukuqoqa izimvemvane namacimbi. Ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, amadlelo ezilwane alawulwa.

Masihlale phezu kwencazelo yenqubo yokuzalanisa uvemvane ekhaya.

Ukuze ubuhle obunjalo bume nezimpande futhi buzalele ekhaya lakho, uzodinga:

• i-aquarium noma i-terrarium, ngesilinganiso sama-10 l wevolumu kuwo wonke amathrekhi ama-5
• indishi encane enamanzi, lapho kuzobekwa khona dill ukondla amacimbi,
• igatsha lokuhlwanyelwa isibungu.

Phansi kwe-aquarium - ngokuqondile, manje lesi sinambuzane sizobe silungile kakhulu ukusibiza - ungqimba lwephepha elisindayo kufanele lifakwe umugqa, umsebenzi walo ukwamukela umswakama ngokweqile. Umswakama, ngokuvamile, ungenye yamaphuzu abalulekile ekugcinweni nasekuzaleni kwamacimbi, futhi emva kwalokho izimvemvane ezigwinyayo. Ungathola imininingwane eminingi ephikisanayo yokuthi ungalawula kanjani umswakama, nokuthi ngabe kufanele wenziwe yini. Esimweni sethu, izinga elijwayelekile ligcinwa esitsheni esivulekile esinamanzi, lapho kuhlala khona dill.

Futhi, ku-insectarium, amagatsha amaningana kufanele abekwe, ngokungcono anamahlumela akhomba ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.Igatsha kufanele lilele ngaphezulu, futhi izinqubo kufanele zikhuphuke ngaphezu kobuso, ngezindlela ezihlukile. Amagatsha anjalo azodingeka ukuze kuthathwe isibungu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: uvemvane iSwallowtail

Izinhlobo zePapilio machaon zingezomndeni weSailboats (kusukela ngo-lat. Papilionidae). Uhlobo lolu lwatholakala ngusosayensi wemvelo waseSweden ngo-1758 nguKarl Liney. Isazi sebhayoloji saqamba leli uvemvane ukuhlonipha udokotela wasendulo ongumGrikhi uMachaon, owayengumelaphi, udokotela ohlinzayo futhi elwela amaGrikhi kwiTrojan War (1194 BC). Udokotela wayeyindodana ka-Asclepius (unkulunkulu wokuphilisa) no-Epiona.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kunenkolelo yokuthi uDkt Machaon welapha amasosha alimaza ezimpini. Empini kaTroy, wabamba iqhaza ukuthola isandla nenhliziyo ka-Elena the Beautiful. Kepha, lapho efa kwenye yezimpi, umphefumulo wakhe uphenduka uvemvane oluhle ophuzi olunephethini emnyama emaphikweni alo.

Njengoba uhla lwe-swallowtail lubanzi impela, kuze kufinyelele ku-37 subspecies of moth. Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabo:

• I-Orientis - eningizimu yeSiberia,
• I-Ussuriensis - Isifunda i-Amur nePrimorye,
• I-Hippocrates - IJapan, iSakhalin, iziqhingi zaseKuril,
• I-Amurensis - umcengezi we-Amur ophakathi naphansi,
• I-Asiatica - Central Yakutia,
• Kamtschadalus - Kamchatka,
• I-Gorganus - i-Central Europe, eCaucasus,
• I-Aliaska - I-North America,
• Brutannicus Seitz - United Kingdom,
• I-Centralis - ugu lwaseCaucasian loLwandle lweCaspian, isifunda saseNyakatho neCaspian, isigodi saseKura,
• Muetingi - Elbrus,
• ISyriacus - eSyria.

Kunokunye okubonisiwe, kepha ososayensi abakuboni iningi labo, bebheka kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zonyaka ezifuze abantu abaphakanyisiwe. Ukuxhomekeka kombala wamaphiko ekushiseni akuvumeli osomatekisi ukuthi beze emcabangweni ojwayelekile, ngenxa yalokho okukhona impikiswano engapheli ngalesi sihloko. Ngaphandle, ukubukeka kufana nesikebhe sokuhamba ngomkhumbi saseCorsican kanye nomkhumbi wesikebhe u-Aleksanor.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Umbala we-swallowtail uqhakazile futhi muhle - uphuzi noma u-beige. Ngaphezulu kuyiphethini yemigqa emnyama. Usayizi womzimba ufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10 kwabesilisa nabangu-8 kwabesilisa. Amaphiko asuka kumasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-10, kuya ngezinsiza ezingaphansi. Emaphethelweni angaphandle amaphiko kunephethini lamabala aphuzi okwenziwe ngenyanga.

Emaphikweni asemuva ayimisila emide engekho eduze kwesisu. Ubude bawo bungafinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-10. Ezinhlangothini zamaphiko kufakelwe izindawo eziluhlaza okotshani nokuphuzi. Ngaphakathi kwamaphiko kukhona “iso” elibomvu. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-24.

Ividiyo: ISwallowtail Butterfly

Ama-catchpillars adweba okuluhlaza ngemivimbo emnyama lapho kunamachashazi abomvu amaningi. Ubude bomzimba wabo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa bungamamitha ayi-2. Engxenyeni ye-prothoracic, kukhona i-gland ebunjiwe ebumba "izimpondo" zeorenji.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: "Izimpondo" zisebenza njengesivikelo ezitheni zemvelo. I-Iron ikhipha iphunga elingajabulisi elixosha abazingeli. Amakhethini iningi losuku aluka. Bazifihla ngathi yizihlambi zamanyoni ukuze bangadonseli ukunaka kwezinyoni.

I-Pupae ingaba mpunga noma ibe luhlaza. Isizukulwane sokugcina sihlala sibanda esigabeni sabafundi. Umuntu omdala uzalelwa entwasahlobo, lapho onke amaqabunga edlula. Ngehora lokuqala isigamu asomisa amaphiko ancibilike, bese andiza azungeze indawo.

Ngakho-ke sikutholile lubukeka kanjani uvemvane olugwinyayo. Manje thola ukuthi uhlala kuphi uvemvane Swallowtail.

Uhlala kuphi uvemvane?

Isithombe: uvemvane iSwallowtail

Lolu hlobo luhlala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi oMhlaba. Ungahlangana nezinambuzane eNyakatho Melika, eningizimu yeNdiya, eNyakatho Afrika, eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian, kulo lonke elase-Asia, eNgilandi, amabhu ahlala kuphela ezindaweni zasesifundeni saseNorfolk nasendaweni edlula esuka oLwandle Olukhulu lwe-Arctic iya eLwandle Olumnyama.

I-butterfly swallowtail angaphila cishe kunoma iyiphi imvelo, noma yisiphi isimo sezulu simfanele. Kwahlotshwa uvemvane ezintabeni zaseTibet endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4 500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukusatshalaliswa okunabile kokuma komhlaba futhi kwaholela kuhlu olubanzi kangaka lwe-subspecies.

Izinambuzane zithanda izikhala ezivulekile, ngakho-ke zithanda amasimu, imiphetho yamahlathi, izitebhisi, izingadi, i-tundra emadolobheni angenangqondo angenangqondo. Amamothi angandiza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2,5 kuye kwayi-4. Isikhathi eside esitshalweni esisodwa abahlali, ngakho-ke izazi zezemvelo zazibiza ngokuthi izimvemvane ezinamandla.

Enyakatho yobubanzi balezi zidalwa ezinhle zingatholakala ehlobo, ezindaweni eziseningizimu izinhlobo ziphaphama kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. ILepidoptera ayithandi ukungafuduki, kodwa ukuhlala ebusika emazweni abo okuzalwa. Amaqoqo amakhulu ikakhulukazi abonwa emazweni ahlwanyelwe izaqathi, imbewu ye-caraway, i-fennel ne-dill.

I-Subspecies i-Orientis ithanda isimo sezulu eseningizimu, i-Asiatica ithanda enyakatho, uGorganus wakhetha ukufudumala okulinganiselwe. IBrannannicus iyazithanda izindawo ezinomswakama, kanti iCentralis neRustaveli bakhethe izindawo eziphakemeyo. Ngokuvamile, umbono ukhetha izindawo ezinelanga elinobuningi bemibala.

Ngabe udlani uvemvane?

Lapho nje kuzalwa umbungu, ngokushesha izinambuzane ziqala ukudla amaqabunga esitshalo lapho kwakubekwe khona iqanda. Amakhethini adla kakhulu ngentshiseko, enza ukunikezwa okukhulu kwamandla ngalesi sigaba. Imvamisa, izinhlobo zezambulela ziba ukudla kwezinhlobo ezikule ndlela ephakathi, njengokuthi:

• I-Parsley,
• Dill,
• I-Caraway,
• Izaqathi (zasendle noma ezijwayelekile),
• Hogweed,
• UButene
• Angelica
• Ama-prangos
• Gorichnik
• Fennel,
• Umsiki,
• UCelery,
• I-Thigh
• Umsiki,
• I-Girchovnitsa.

Izakhamizi zakwezinye izifunda zidla izitshalo zomndeni we-rutov - umlotha oshubile, i-Amur velvet, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaqabunga ajwayelekile, izimbali eziyinkimbinkimbi: umhlonyane, umhlume: Umhlanga we-Maximovich, i-alder yaseJapan. Ekupheleni kokukhula kwayo, isifiso sesibungu siyancipha futhi empeleni asidli.

Abantu abadala badla umpe, njengazo zonke izimvemvane eziningi, ngenxa ye-proboscis yabo ende emnyama. Azigadli ekudleni njengamacimbi, ngakho-ke azikhethi izitshalo zesambulela kuphela. Ukuze bazitholele ukudla, amabhu ahambela izimbali ezahlukahlukene.

Kubantu abadala, inani elikhulu lokudla alidingeki, badinga kuphela ithonsi lomthi wezimbali, futhi baqeda ukoma kwabo ngamazolo okusa. ILepidoptera ithola zonke izinto ezilandelwayo ezidingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe isidalwa esincane esivela emhlabathini esiqukethe usawoti, noma emikhiqizweni yemfucuza yezinye izilwane.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail

Umsebenzi weButterfly ubonakala ngesikhathi sosuku. Zibuye ziphendule izimbali eziqhakaza kuphela emini. Abantu abadala baphila amasonto ambalwa nje futhi, ngemuva kokukhulelwa (abesilisa) nokubekela amaqanda (izinsikazi), amabhu ayafa. Isikhathi sasehlobo siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni nangoJulayi-Agasti; izindlela ezingaseningizimu zingahlangatshezwa ngoSepthemba.

Ama-Machaons ayizidalwa ezihamba nendlwana. Ngisho noma edla umpe, awazisongi amaphiko awo ukuze andize ngokuya ngomzuzwana. Abantu abathambekele ekufudukeni bangena emadolobheni bazinza ezindaweni zamapaki, iziza zasengadini, otshanini obugcwele izitshalo eziqhakazayo.

Ukuthola izimo ezintofontofo kakhulu zokuba khona nendawo enendawo enhle yokudla, amabhu alungele ukuhamba amabanga amakhulu. Iningi labantu liletha izizukulwane ezimbili ngokuphila, enyakatho yobubanzi - eyodwa, eningizimu - kuze kube kathathu. Abadala babheke kakhulu ekuzaleni futhi bazame ukuthola umlingani ngokushesha okukhulu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Amakhethini alezinhlobo anezinto zomlomo ezihehayo. Baqala ukudla iqabunga elisemaphethelweni. Sebefinyelele emthanjeni ophakathi nendawo, badlulela kolandelayo. Zithola isisindo ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha, ngokushesha nje lapho kukhula imidlwane ngayinye, ukukhula kuqediwe. Amabhu adinga amandla kuphela endiza nokuzala.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Caterpillar Butterfly Swallowtail

Njengoba imvelo yathatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuba khona kwama-machaons, ama-butterflies kuphela azalwa ngokushesha aqala ukufuna umlingani. Imibhangqwana itholana ngokwenziwa kwe-pheromone, eyikhipha emvelweni.

Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo okufushane, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayi-100-200. Endleleni ngayinye, ibeka amaqanda angama-2-3 ayisiyingi ngombala ophuzi ophuzi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga noma ezihlahleni zezitshalo. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, amaqanda aba mnyama futhi ashintshe umbala wawo ube mnyama.

Izinsikazi zibeka ngamabomu iqanda elilodwa emaqabungeni ahlukene ezitshalo ukuze zondle amacimbi asanda kuzalwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10, izibungu, okuqala ukuzidla kuqala. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngamaviki ayisikhombisa, isibungu sinamathela ngentambo yesilika esiqwini sesitshalo, kuvela umolt wokugcina kanye nezimveku ngazinye.

Amaphayiphu amile amasonto ama-2-3, emva kwalokho aphenduka uvemvane omdala. Ku-cocoon, iningi lezitho zomthakathi liyabhujiswa, liguqulwa libe yizitho zomuntu omdala. Inqubo ifana nokugaywa komzimba womuntu kukhukhunathi.

Ama-pupae ehlobo aluhlaza okotshani, obusika ansundu. Uvemvane luzoba sesigabeni sezingane kuze kufike izinsuku zokuqala ezifudumele. Lapho imifantu ikhukhunya, kuzalwa isidalwa esihle. Isikhathi esithile inundu lihlala elangeni futhi lomise amaphiko alo aseluliwe, emva kwalokho lihambe lihamba lifuna ukudla nomlingani.

Izitha zemvelo zovemvane

Isithombe: uvemvane iSwallowtail

Kuzo zonke izigaba zokujikeleza kwempilo, izinambuzane zisengozini. I-butterfish Swallowtail ingaba ukudla kwama-arachnids, izinyoni, izintuthwane, izilwane ezingavikeleki, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Amabhu asesigangeni noma esigabeni sabafundi asengozini enkulu. Isinambuzane siyakwazi ukugwema ukuhlaselwa ngenxa yombala wokufihlakala.

Emncane, isibungu sibukeka njengezinyosi. Ngemuva kokunye okuvela emzimbeni, kuvela amabala amnyama nakhanyayo emzimbeni. Ukubukeka okumibalabala kuvumela izinyamazane ziqonde ukuthi izinambuzane azikufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa ngabantu. Uma isibungu sizwa ingozi, siqala ukukhipha iphunga elingemnandi elibi ezimpondweni, libonisa ukuthi ukunambitheka kwalo kuyenyanyeka.

Ezindongeni zasemuva kukhona amabala abomvu okwesibhakabhaka anomngcele omnyama, okhumbuza ukubukeka kwamehlo. Lapho amaphiko eseluliwe, lezi zibuko zesabekayo zibaxosha abazingeli abafuna ukudlela inundu. Umphumela ubekelwa izinqubo ezi-oblong kumathiphu ezimpiko, afana nama-ponytails.

Eminyakeni engu-70 edlule, amabhu ayebhekwa njengezinambuzane ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezikhulwe ngabantu. Abantu babulala izimvemvane ngazo zonke izindlela, belapha amasimu ngobuthi nangamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezinhlobo selinciphile ngokushesha futhi ukuhlangana nalesi sidalwa esishisayo sekuyinkinga.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Inani le-swallowtail lincane futhi lihlobene ngqo nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zabo zemvelo. E-Russia, abantu bathathwa njengento encane. Izindawo ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezihlala ezindaweni ezilandela ujantshi wesitimela kanye nemiselekazi yokubuyisa umhlaba inobuthi ngama-pesticides.

Ukushiswa kotshani ekwindla, obuthole umlingiswa omkhulu wenhlekelele, kudala umonakalo omkhulu. Lapho kushiswa utshani entwasahlobo, inani elikhulu le-pupae ebusika ngeziqu zezitshalo liyachithwa. Ukulimala okuningana kwezinombolo kubangelwa futhi ngotshani botshwala behlobo emigwaqweni emikhulu.

Ingxenye yecala ihlala kubaqoqi abafuna ukuthola izinhlobo eziningi ezisengozini ezisengozini ngangokunokwenzeka emaqoqweni abo. Babamba abantu abathile noma ngabe ngamasethi abo, noma ngokushintshana nabanye abathanda buttervezi abavela ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene. Kepha akekho oqoqa izibalo, kanye nedatha enanini lomonakalo.

Izinkinga zemvelo zibandakanya isimo sezulu esibandayo, amazinga okushisa aphansi, iqhwa lakuqala, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu akanaso isikhathi sokuphamba, ukuwa okungapheli, okuholela ekunqotshweni kwezibungu ngama-fungus nama-parasites. Ukwehla kwamanani kuyabonakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwamanye amazwe, izinhlobo zivikelekile.

I-Swallowtail Butterfly Guard

Photo: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail

Izazi zemvelo emhlabeni wonke zikhathazekile ngesibalo samabhu futhi zithatha izinyathelo zokuqeda usongo lokuqothulwa. E-Tatarstan, kwaqalwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Machaon Valley". Yakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi ilondoloze ubume bendawo ngenqwaba yamachibi.

Ukuze kudwetshwe inkinga, eLatvia ngonyaka ka-2013 isithombe sesinambuzane sabekwa engubeni yasesifundeni saseSkrudalien. Ngo-2006, uMachaon waba uphawu lweGermany. Emazweni angenhla, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukubamba izimvemvane ezindala nokucekela phansi izibungu. Kwenqatshelwe ukusabalalisa izinambuzane futhi zidle imfuyo ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo.

Izakhamizi ezingenanhlonipho zeplanethi zibandakanyeka ekuzaleni amabhu ekhaya. kwalokhu, izimvemvane kufanele zinikezwe i-aquarium, amalitha ayi-10 ngosayizi wabantu aba-5, ithangi lamanzi, i-dill kanye negatsha, lapho amacimbi azogobhoza khona ngokulindela ama-metamorphoses. Ama-Butterflies azodinga amanzi noju ukuze ondle.

Lezi zidalwa ezintekenteke ziyasijabulisa ngobuhle bazo, kalula ukundiza, ushintsho olumangalisayo. Abanye bazama ukubamba inundu kube mnandi, bengazi ukuthi impilo yakhe imfushane kakhulu. Kungcono ukujabulela ubukhulu baso endle, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isikhathi esifushane esabelwe butterflies

ISwallowtail Butterfly: Incazelo

ISwallowtail ine-subspecies engaba ngu-37. Ungahlukanisa phansi uvemvane kuphela ngamaphiko alo. Kwabesilisa kusuka ku-65 kuye ku-80 mm, kwabesifazane - kusuka ku-75 kuye ku-95 mm. Ubude bomuntu omdala bufika kumasentimitha ayi-9. Izimpiko zezimbali Butterfly zintekenteke kakhulu, ziyindilinga, zindindizela. Ama-Machaons anamandla kakhulu futhi akakhathali futhi akuvamile ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa. Noma edla, bavame ukuzamazamisa amaphiko abo noma bacishe bahlukane ngokushesha.

Uvemvane i-swallowtail, isithombe salo esingabonakala kulesi sihloko, sihle kakhulu. Futhi hhayi abantu abadala kuphela. Ngenxa yombala wayo, ngisho namathrekhi adonsela ukunaka. Zikhanya kakhulu futhi zimibalabala.

Izimpondo zovemvane (njengabo bonke abantu bosuku) zibukeka njengezikhonkwane. Izinambuzane zinemilenze eyisithupha ekhule kahle. Izimpiko zangemuva azisihambelani nesisu, ngoba zine-notch encane kanye “nomsila” ngaphakathi (ukuphuma kwesiqongo).

Ngokuyisisekelo, i-swallowtail ngumbala ophuzi okhanyayo, omucu omnyama ogelezela kuwo wonke umzimba. Ebusweni (eziphambili) amaphiko kavemvane anombala ofanayo we-vein kanye namabala amancane. Futhi emuva - amaketanga amabala amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpiko zidwetshwe kumathiphu ngombala obomvu okhanyayo. Isizukulwane sasehlobo sezimvemvane siminyene kunasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Habitat

USwallowtail uvemvane uhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngaphandle kwase-Ireland. Kutholakala nase-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika. Leli bhungane lingabonakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi nasezintabeni zaseTibet litholakala endaweni ephakeme ngokungaphansi kwamamitha angama-4500.

I-Machaon ithanda izikhala ezivulekile, ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi ihlala emaphethelweni amamadows, e-tundra, e-steppe, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasehlane. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ze uvemvane zivela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, naseningizimu - kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuya ku-Okthoba. Umuntu omdala uhlala cishe amasonto amathathu.

Kusakazeka kanjani i-machaon

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kukamvemvane siqala ngoMeyi. Kepha ngokuya ngesifunda sokuhlala, kulokhu kungahluka - kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngoJulayi, Agasti noma Septhemba. Ukuhluma kwenzeka emoyeni, ngesikhathi sokubizwa nge-mating flutter.

Ngemuva kokuvela kokuzala, insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa noma amathathu aphuzi ngasikhathi. Ngenkathi, uyakwazi ukuzala amaqanda afinyelela ku-120. Amakhethini avela ngesonto. Muhle kakhulu, uqhakazile. Ekuqaleni, kumnyama nje ngamabala amhlophe nabomvu. Ngemuva kwalokho ziphenduka ziluhlaza, kuvela umbala owengeziwe we-orange nemivimbo emnyama. Zinokukhanya okukhulu futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa ziqala ukudla amacembe.

Ukuvikela ezitheni, uvemvane olugwinyayo lunamaqhubu ekhanda elingabonakali uma isibungu sisesimweni esizolile. Kepha basengozini, baphenduka ukukhula kwama-orange, besakaza iphunga elibi elimnandi.

Kamuva, njengezinye izimvemvane, amacimbi okugwinya aguqulwa abe yi-pupae. Kuya ngesizini, ingaba nemibala ehlukene. Ehlobo, ziluhlaza okotshani; zikhula amasonto amathathu. Ebusika baba nsundu. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pupae ikhula izinyanga ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho kufika isimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho uvemvane olusunguliwe selungavele lundize ngaphandle kokwesaba isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi sidle.

Izitha Zikabhungane

Izitha eziphambili ze-machaon izinyoni, izicabucabu nezinye izinto ezingavikelekile. Kodwa futhi izimvemvane zisengozini enkulu esigabeni sokushintshela kumuntu osemdala: ngesimo samaqanda, amacimbi kanye ne-pupae. Abaningi bafa ngenxa yomlilo we-steppe.

Inani lalezivemvane ezifundeni ezihlukile luhlukile. Lokhu kuthonywa kakhulu isicupho sabo samaqoqo.E-Ukraine, eJalimane, eLithuania naseLatvia, lezi zimvemvane zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. I-butterfish Swallowtail akuyona eyezinhlobo eziningi futhi ayilimazi ezolimo. Kodwa lokhu kwaziwa hhayi kudala, futhi phambilini kwakulwiwa naye kabi. Uma ososayensi behluleka ukubuyisa inani lalezi zidalwa ezinhle, khona-ke zinganyamalala ebusweni boMhlaba.

Ukwehluka

Izimvemvane zesizukulwane sokuqala nabantu abahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga banombala ogqamile, izimvemvane zesizukulwane sasehlobo zikhulu ngokugqamile futhi zinombala ogqamile. Ngokucatshangelwa kwesizukulwane sokuqala, iphethini emnyama emaphikweni ichazwa kabanzi. Eminyakeni esishisayo, ukubonakala kwamabhabhathane amancane anephethini elimnyama eliyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuziphatha kwemvelo

Njengoba ama-Machaons eqala ukusebenza ngosuku, ayakwazi ukufinyelela kwizimbali eziningi. Lezi zimvemvane ezinkulu zidinga umpe omningi, ngakho-ke zingatholakala emapaki ahlukahlukene nasezivandeni.

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Abesilisa bayizinambuzane zomhlaba. Bakhetha isikhala sabo siqu endaweni ephakeme. Futhi, akuwona umfokazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane, ehleli ogwini lwamachibi. Bonke abantu bavame ukuhlala emagqumeni nezihlahla ezinde. Ama-Machaons amaningi afuthelana phezulu futhi akhombisa umdanso wawo oyingqayizivele phezulu naphansi.

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Emvelweni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola uMachaon aphumule wonke amaphiko asatshalaliswa, ngoba amaphiko asemuva awabonakali ngokumelene nengaphambili. ISwallowtail ingasakaza amaphiko ngokuphelele lapho ivezwa ukukhanya kwelanga okufudumele nokukhanya.

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Isikhathi sokuphila

Isikhathi sokundindizela kwalezi zimvemvane ziqala entwasahlobo ziye ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, cishe izizukulwane ezintathu zalaba abamele. Ama-Machaon amaningi anika izizukulwane ezimbili kuphela zezimvemvane. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwesimvemvane esidala sivama ukwedlula amasonto ama-3.

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Isikhathi sokuzala

Owesifazane oyedwa ubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-120. Ngesikhathi sokubumba, uvemvane ulenga phezu kwezitshalo ukubeka amaqanda ohlangothini lwesiqu noma esiqwini sesitshalo. Isigaba seqanda eMachaons sithatha izinsuku ezi-5, ekugcineni kuvela isibungu esimnyama esinamabala akhanyayo. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, aguqula umbala abe luhlaza onamachashazi e-orange nemithende emnyama.

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Ukuguqula iSwallowtail Caterpillar ibe yiPupa

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Izibungu zisebenza ngokweqile futhi zidla njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokwempela ngesonto zifinyelela ku-9 mm ubude. Ukudla okuyi-larvae okuvame kakhulu amaqanda, izimbali namaqabunga. I-larva eyodwa ingadla umbhede wedayi. Kepha lapho kuqala ama-chrysalis, izibungu ziyeka ukugcina izakhi zomzimba ekudleni. Isikhathi se-pupal senzeka ngeziqu zezitshalo. Umbala ungaba ophuzi-luhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Kuya ngesikhathi sokufundwa. Isikhathi sokudlwengula sihlala kusuka emavikini angama-2-3 kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ijubane lokubonakala kwebhabhathane lincike esimweni sezulu.

Indawo

Ukubuka kabanzi kwesifunda sonke se-Holarctic. Kutholakala yonke indawo eYurophu (engekho e-Ireland kuphela, kanti naseNgilandi kuhlala kuphela esifundeni saseNorfolk) kusuka olwandle lwe-Arctic Ocean kuya ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama kanye neCaucasus. Kutholakala e-Asia (kufaka phakathi izindawo ezishisayo), eNyakatho Afrika naseNyakatho Melika. Ezintabeni zaseYurophu ikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle (Alps), e-Asia - ifinyelela ku-4500 m (iTibet).

Habitat

Ihlala kuma-biotopes afudumele afudumele kahle, imvamisa enezindawo ezinomswakama lapho kukhula khona izitshalo zesambulela. Itholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-tundra enyakatho. Ebhande lasehlathini - ukhetha izimbali zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, imiphetho, ukusulwa, umgwaqo, amabanga omfula. Ngokuvamile kutholakala kuma-agrocenoses. Ezindaweni eziphansi zeCaspian (i-Astrakhan Oblast neKalmykia eRussia, eAzerbaijan) kutholakala nasezindundwini zasogwadule ezingavalwanga nezindawo ezomile ezinamagquma. Abantu abangashadile abanamathuba amaningi okufuduka bangandiza bangene ezindlini ezinkulu zasemadolobheni.

Izitshalo zokudla

Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zesambulela, ikakhulukazi, ezi-hogweed (IHeraclium), isaqathe (Daucus) - Kokubili futhi kujwayelekile, dill (Anethum), iparsley (Petroselinum), angelica (Angelica), butene (I-Chaerophyllum), gorinik (I-peeduanum), ama-prangos (Ama-prangos), fennel (Foeniculum), umsiki (I-Libanotis), gircha (ISelinum), gyrnovitsa (Thyselium)I-Apium), imbewu ye-caraway (I-Carum), ithanga (Pimpinella), umsiki (I-Falcaria) Kwezinye izifunda, kukhona abamele izimpande: umlotha we-fluffy (Dictamnus dasycarpus), Amur velvet (I-Phellodendron amurensis), izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaqabungaIHaplophillum), Asteraceae: umhlonyane (I-Artemisia) (emaqeleni nasezinkangala zaseCentral Asia), iBirch: alder Maksimovich (I-Alnus maximowiczii), I-alder yaseJapan (A. japonica) (eyokugcina esiqhingini saseNingizimu Kuril).

Izaziso Zokuphepha

Kubhalwe ohlwini lwezincwadi ezibomvu zase-Ukraine (1994), e-Russia - encwadini ebomvu yesifunda saseMoscow (1998) - isigaba esingu-3, ​​iSmolensk Region - isigaba 2, isigaba seVologda (2006) - isigaba esingu-3, ​​iLatvia (1998) - isigaba se-2, Lithuania - 3 isigaba, iJalimane - isigaba 4, uKarelia - isigaba 3, Ezigabeni zokuqala, kuba sengozini enkulu yemililo (ikakhulukazi utshani), ukugunda okuqhubekayo, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamadlelo, ukunyathela okuqinile kwemamadigital.