Emathuna digger - uhlobo lwamabhungane omndeni wama-carnivores. Amabhungane ethuna ayaziwa ngokufihla izilwane ezifile emhlabathini. Umuntu angacabanga ukuthi kudingani ukuthi isilokanyana esincane "singcwabe" igundane elifile, ubukhulu baso budlula izinkulungwane zalo.

Kubukeka kanjani

Ama-gravedigger angamabhungane amakhulu amnyama ngokuvamile anemivimbo emibili ephuzi noma e-orange ku-elytra. I-antennae yabo ngayinye ekugcineni ine-isandiso - ummbila, futhi isiphetho sesisu sivame ukuphuma ngaphandle kwamaphiko amafushane.

Umsebenzi odabukisayo

Zombili izimbungulu ezindala ze-gravedigger kanye nezibungu zazo zidla ngokutholwa - inyama ebolayo yezilwane ezifile. Bathola inyamazane ngephunga. Ngemuva kokuthola isidumbu sesilwane esincane, inyoni noma isele, owesilisa ukhipha into enephunga elimnandi, iphunga elinamandla eliheha insikazi. Emva kwalokho, izinambuzane zigobhoza emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesidumbu bese ziqala ukukhipha inhlabathi ngaphansi kwaso. Ngenxa yalokho, isidumbu sicwila kancane emhlabathini. Ukumba emhlabathini, amabhungane awakhohlwa ukuququda uboya noma izimpaphe ezivela ku-carrion. Lapho isidumbu sisemhlabathini, insikazi siyisuthise ngama-enzymes wokugaya bese ibeka amaqanda. Izinyosi zisebenza ngokushesha okukhulu: kuthatha amahora ambalwa nje ukumba isidumbu sesilwane esincane.

Njengomthetho, abembi bamathuna abavumeli umuntu ancintisana naye ukuthi athole, kepha uma bethola umuntu wobulili obuhlukile, khona-ke umsebenzi “womngcwabo” uzoba yinhlanganisela. Kukhona amacala ajwayelekile lapho abesifazane ekugcineni kwenqubo bexosha abesilisa abasebenza ngokwethembeka. Kodwa-ke, kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi abembi bamathuna bamukele ngokuthula usizo ngaphandle.

Kunezizathu ezimbili zokuthi kungani izinambuzane zingcwaba i-carrion. Okokuqala, bayayifihla kwabanye abathanda i-carrion, eningi phakathi kwezinambuzane. Futhi okwesibili, lapho ubukhulu bomhlaba isidumbu sigcina injongo yaso isikhathi eside - kusebenza njengokudla kwesizukulwane esisha.

Amabhungane e-Grave angayizwa i-carrion ebangeni elikude, aze afike kumakhulu wamamitha. Lezi zinambuzane zikhangwa noma yiziphi izilwane ezifile: izinduku, izilobe, izinyoni, izinhlanzi, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi izinambuzane zihlangana nezidumbu ezintsha ezivele emahoreni ambalwa edlule.

Amanye amabhungane adliwe adla izidumbu zezilwane, kepha hhayi onke awo angcwaba izidumbu phansi. Abanye basebenzisa izidumbu zezilwane esezingcwatshwe ezinye izimbungulu. Ukuze benze lokhu, bazimbela emhlabathini, baxoshe abanikazi abasemthethweni kusukela "ethuneni" lesidumbu, bese bebulala zonke izibungu zabo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, unkosikazi omusha wesidumbu ubekela amaqanda kuso.

Ukunakekelwa Kwesithombo

Njengoba sesingcwabile isidumbu emhlabathini sajula ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukuya kwengxenye yemitha, amabhungane ethuna angakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuzala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukusuka egumbini eliphakathi nendawo (i-crypt) lapho kugcinwe khona isilwane esifile, lesi sinambuzane sisusa isikhathi eside singavaliwe kusukela mink. Kuzo, abembi bamathuna besifazane babeke amaqanda. Ngenkathi bavuthwa, umama akahlali engenzi lutho: udla izimbobo zesidumbu sesilwane futhi ukhipha ujusi wokugaya kuzo, ngaphansi kwethonya lokuthi isidumbu siguqulwe sibe yisimo sokugaya izigaxa ezizayo. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi ihlanza ngokuphelele izindima eziphakathi kwendawo ebunjiweyo nendawo yokubeka iqanda, ukuze ukukhula okuncane kutholakale ekudleni ngaphandle kokuvinjwa.

Ukuqhuma kuvela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha ekuqaleni ibhungane elakhiwe nge-gravedigger limondla cishe ngendlela efanayo nenyoni yam amaphuphu ayo. Usula izingcezu zikaphethiloli ezenziwe ngejusi bese uzifaka emilonyeni ehahayo yezibungu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, bathoma ukudla bodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umama usifezile isibopho sakhe futhi, ekugcineni, angashiya izingane.

Habitat

Kuhlala kuliphi izwe? Izithombe ezithathwe ngabezemvelo zifakazela ukuthi ungahlangana nabamele le nhlobo cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Australia kanye nezingxenye ezithile ze-Afrika. Ngasikhathi sinye, amathuna ngokwawo akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini, kepha ngisho naseqembeni lesitepisi bayozizwa bakhululekile. Into esemqoka ukuthi le ndawo ligcwele kakhulu ukudla, ngoba lolu hlobo lune gluttonous kakhulu.

Ingabe ama-omnivore ethuna-ibhungane ngempela: lidlani lolu hlobo?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo lungelomndeni wabadli bokufa, isisekelo sokudla kwalo akusona isidumbu. Ngokwemvelo, zidla nezidumbu zezilwane, kodwa kulokhu kunemithetho emincane ebeka umkhawulo mabhungane ezinhlafunweni zazo. Isizathu salokhu kuziphatha kulele ebubanzini benkambiso yokuzalwa kabusha komculi, kepha sizocubungula lolu daba kungekudala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, amabhungane angabadli abanokhahlo abadla ezinye izinambuzane. Ngokuvamile, ukuzingela kuyenziwa kubantu abancane bohlu lwabo, njengama-aphid, ama-ladybugs, amacimbi nokunye. Kalula nje, amabhungane akhula ngamatshe ayakwazi ukudla noma yini engangena emilonyeni yawo.

Izici zokuziphatha

Amathuna-digging achitha iningi lezimpilo zawo eyedwa, eshaya emaphandleni efuna ukuwa. Basizwa kulokhu ngama-receptors akhethekile asemaphethelweni we-antennae. Ngenxa yabo, leli bhungane liyakwazi ukuhogela umzimba obolayo ubangeni elingamamitha ayi-100. Futhi emva kwalokho, akukho okuzovimba isinambuzane esinenkani ekuhambeni siye kulokho okuhloselwe sona.

Lapho sesitholile isihloko sokusesha kwakhe, ibhungane-ke leli thuna lihlaziya ngokufanele ukuthi inyamazane ihlangene yini. Uma into isesimweni esikahle, inika isiginali esimnandi esazisa izihlobo eziseduzane ngokuthola okubalulekile. Imvamisa, usizo luza ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva kwalokho ukusatshalaliswa ngokucophelela kwezindima kuqala.

Ngakho-ke, uma owesilisa ethola inyamazane, lokho kungokwakhe ilungelo lokuba yinhloko yomndeni omusha. Uma kungowesifazane, khona-ke ukhetha indoda ebaluleke kunazo zonke njengendoda yakhe. By endleleni, esikhathini esiningi abesilisa bathola izidumbu zezilwane, ngoba bachitha isikhathi esiningi kule nqubo kunama-halves abo.

Injongo yangempela yesidumbu

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abantu abadala bezimbungulu ezingadli ngokuqabukela badla izinsalela ezitholakala endleleni. Esikhundleni salokho, bobabili basingcwaba isidumbu emhlabathini, yingakho, eqinisweni, lezi zinambuzane zathola igama lazo elimnyama. Kodwa isizathu salokhu kuziphatha akusona isifiso sokususa ihlathi lokubola i-carrion, kodwa isifiso semvelo ngokuphelele sokuqhubeka nohlobo.

Ngakho-ke, isidumbu "esingcwatshwe" singumthombo omuhle kakhulu wokudla kwesizukulwane esisha samabhungane. Okusho ukuthi, kuphela lapho ukutholwa kungcwatshwe emhlabathini, abasebenza ngokumba ithuna baqala ukushada. Futhi ke insikazi imane ibekele amaqanda eduze kwesidumbu, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukuphepha kwezingane lapho izalwa.

Bangcwaba kanjani izidumbu

Ngokubuka usayizi omncane wezinambuzane, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo: "Bazingcwaba kanjani izinsalela zezilwane ezitholakalayo?" Eqinisweni, konke lapha kulula. IBhungane limane limba ngaphansi komzimba bese liqala ukukhulula umhlabathi. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi inhlabathi iba mncane, futhi izinsalela ziqala ukuwa kancane kancane, kube sengathi zingena ngokushesha.

Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi amabhungane ama-digger digger acubungula kanjani umzimba ngemuva “komngcwabo” wawo. Ngakho-ke, bayihlanza ngoboya noma izimpaphe, bese beyimboza nge-secretion ekhethekile ye-antibacterial evela kwizindlala. Ngenxa yalokhu, isidumbu sesilwane singalala ngaphansi kwamasonto ambalwa futhi singaboli.

Ukunakekelwa Okumnandi Kwesithombo

Ngemuva kokuzala amaqanda, owesilisa nowesifazane bashiya isidleke amasonto amabili. Kepha babuyela lapho futhi ukuze bahlangane nesizukulwane esisha. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kwezingane zabo kunelukuluku kakhulu labacwaningi, ngoba lokhu akuvame ukubonwa emhlabeni wezinambuzane.

Kuliqiniso, abazali abancani abenobuhlakani njengoba bungabonakala ekuqaleni. Yize kunjalo, ngokungenacala babhubhisa bonke izibungu abazalwa bebuthakathaka noma bengakhuli kahle. Bangabantu abaphilile kuphela abanelungelo lokuya edilini elikhulu, lapho bephelezelwa khona ngamabhubhele asebekhulile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabazali uqobo bahlanganyela ekudleni isidumbu. Futhi lokhu kuyamangaza kakhulu, njengoba iqiniso lifakazela ukuthi ngaphambili kwalokho izimbungulu zenqaba ukudla kwazo ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwezingane zazo. Ngemuva kokudla, izibungu zijuluka zingene emhlabathini, emva kwalokho ziba yipupae. Futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuvela isizukulwane esisha samathuna-bugs, futhi umjikelezo wempilo uphinda umbuthano omusha.

Grave Beetle Ukubukeka

Akukho lutho olubi ngokubonakala kwamabhungane omndeni we-carnivore. Lezi zinambuzane ezimnyama zikhulu impela ngobukhulu, ubude bomzimba wazo, kuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, zisukela 1 kuya ku-4 amasentimitha. Izimpiko zazo zivame ukuhlotshiswa ngemichilo e-orange noma ephuzi.

Izimpethu ekhanda zinezikhawu emaphethelweni, ngosizo lapho amabhungane ehogela khona inyama ebolile ebangeni lamamitha ayikhulu.

Izici zamabhungane ethuna

Ama-Grave digging anokuthile okungajwayelekile: uma owesilisa ethola isidumbu, ugibela esiqwini sesitshalo noma ukuphakama okuthile futhi akhuphule isiphetho sesisu, kuyilapho kuphuma iphunga elithile kwizindlala. Leli phunga lizwakala ngowesifazane. Lapho owesimame ethendela ekhayeni lowesilisa, lo mbhangqwana uhlola inyamazane bese uqala ukusebenza. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, insikazi nabesilisa bayakwazi "ukungcwaba" imvukuzane.

Uma izimo bezinkulu kangangokuba isimbungulu se-tomb-digger singakwazanga ukuthola isidumbu, kufanele abeke amaqanda ku-mushroom.

Amabhungane alezi zinhlobo anekhono elilodwa ngaphezulu - aphatha isidumbu ngemfihlo ekhethekile, equkethe i-enzyme lysozyme, enomphumela we-antibacterial. Le enzyme ayivumeli izinsalela ukuba zibole. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-lysozyme iyingxenye yokungavikeleki kwezinto eziphilayo eziningi. Isibonelo, kubantu, i-lysozyme itholakala ngamathe. Ngemuva kwalolu hlobo lokuhlanjululwa, isidumbu siba inketho enhle kakhulu yokudla kwezidumbu. Ukube abazali bebengayinaki kangako inzalo yabo, cishe bangama-40% wabo angafa.

Izidumbu ziphathwa ngemfihlo ekhethekile.

Imvamisa, "abagibeli" abayinqaba, imikhaza engafani nalutho - ihlala ngemuva kwama-bugs. Amathuna adonsayo kufanele abekezelele laba bahambi abangenangqondo futhi abathuthele ngemithwalo yabo yezidumbu zezilwane. Into ekhona ukuthi, lezi zibungu, njenge-lysozyme, zilwa ne-microflora ye-pathogenic, ngoba zidla ama-microorganisms asheshisa inqubo yokubola kwezidumbu. Lesi ngesinye isibonelo sokusebenzisana okumangalisayo kwezinto eziphilayo ngendalo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Anjani amabhungane?

Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingama-68 zamabhungane omndeni we-carnivore (Silphidae) emhlabeni. Zihlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Australia kanye neTropiki e-Afrika; Izinhlobo ezingama-20 zalezinambuzane zihlala eRussia.

Akukho lutho olunengekayo noma olwesabekayo ngokubukeka kwawo - lawa ngamabhungane amakhulu anemibala emnyama, lapho i-elytra ingahlotshiswa ngemivimbo ephuzi noma ye-orange ephukile. Ekhanda kukhona izinyamazane ezinama-kilabhu emathiphu, sibonga ukuthi amabhungane akwazi ukuhogela inyama eseqale ukubola, ebangeni elingamamitha ayikhulu ukusuka kuwo. Ubude bezinhlobo ezihlukene zalezinambuzane zingahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-1 - 4. Inani elikhulu lazo lingatholakala njalo lapho kunesilwane esifile.

Enye yezinambuzane zomndeni wama-Dead-Eaters (Silphidae), ibhungane elingcwaba. Photo by Thingie.

Umngcwabo wamathuna omngcwabo (Nicrophorus vespillo) - yilokho abakubiza njengenye yezinhlobo zezimbungulu ezidliwayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi “bazingcwaba” ngempela izilwane ezincane ezifile, bazingcwaba emhlabathini. Lokhu kusheshisa ukucutshungulwa kwezinsalela, ngakho-ke, lezi zinambuzane zithathwa njengemiyalo yezwe lesilwane.

Kepha impendulo yombuzo wokuthi kungani bekwenza lokhu kufanele icatshangwe kabanzi. Impela, indlela yokuziphatha kwamabhungane ayibekelwa umlutha wenhlanzeko, kepha ngokucatshangelwa okuhluzekile nangomqondo wabazali - izilwane ezifile zisebenza njengendawo yokudla yenzalo yazo. Ngale ndlela, amabhungane amadala adla ikakhulu izinambuzane, hhayi u-carrion.

IGrave Beetle ilungiselela indawo yenzalo yakhe indawo. Isithombe nguNigel Jones.

Ukunakekela othinta izingane kuwuphawu lwezimbungulu

Lapho sesitholile isidumbu sesilwane esincane, amabhungane ahlola kahle umhlaba, ahlole inhlabathi lapho inyamazane ilele kuyo, isikhundla sayo, bese iqala ukugaya izungeza zomhlaba wangaphambili osizungezile. Isakhiwo somzimba emadodeni sivumelaniswa nalokhu - imilenze yabo yandiswa kakhulu kunowesifazane.

Lapho kwakhiwa indunduma yenhlabathi ezembiwe ezungeze isidumbu, izidumbu zethuna ziqhubeka nokumba ngaphansi kwayo bese isidumbu sayo, kancane kancane sicwila size sijule emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesisindo saso. Isilwane esifile sivame ukungcwatshwa emhlabathini size sibe ngu-30 kuya ku-50 cm.

Leli bhungane elingamabibi, kungenzeka kakhulu, lakhwela phezu kwe-camomile ukuthi lingabubabeli ubuhle bawo, futhi hhayi ukuthi liqoqe impova futhi liphuze umpe, mhlawumbe lisuka ekuphakameni kwale mbali lizokhombisa intokazi ukuthi ithole ubuhle obukhulu " indawo ”yokuzalela inzalo. Owesifazane ngeke azigcine elinde isikhathi eside. Izithombe ngu: JesperiJ.

Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi izama ukuxosha owesilisa - umzwelo womama uvuka kuye. Ushona ngaphansi komhlaba uphula isidumbu sesidumbu bese ubekela amaqanda amaningana ku-niche encane. Le niche ibizwa ngegumbi le-brood.

Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho kubuyela isidumbu sesilwane, izinsensane zezinsikazi ezindaweni zokuphumula eziningana ezikuyo bese zikhipha lokho okuphakathi komgudu wayo wokugaya ukudla lapho, ukuze ujusi wokugaya, ukuncibilikisa izinsalela ezizungezile, uguqule inyama yesilwane esifile ibe yisakhi somsoco wenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Izinsuku eziningana, insikazi inakekela amaqanda, iwaguqule futhi awaxaze ukuze angaboli.

Isizukulwane esincane samabhungane ethuna alezinhlobo uNicrophorus defodiens. Izithombe ngu-Arboreal Boids.

Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izibungu ezimhlophe ezingaboni ezakhiwe zaza zanamathela asezingeni elifanelekile emacandeni. Agijimisa indlela edlulile aqonde “etafuleni lokudlela”, lapho aqala khona ukudla izicubu ezincibilikisiwe ngama-enzyme wejusi lesisu sikamama. Ngakho-ke izibungu zondla cishe izinsuku eziyi-12, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zizuze isisindo. Bahle kakhulu, esikhathini esifushane impela bancibilikisa amahlandla amane! Kube sekuqala isigaba sokuhlwanyelwa - ukugcotshwa kwe-pupae ngokuzayo ingene emhlabathini futhi emavikini amabili kamuva kuvela umgodi ongena ethuneni.

Ezinye izici zama-bugs

Lezi zinambuzane zinephuzu elilodwa elihehayo - i-femered gragerig ayiboni iphunga le-cadaveric kude. Uma owesilisa ethola izinsalela, khona-ke ukhuphuka i-spikelet, ibala lotshani, noma umane esibondweni bese ephakamisa isisu, asakaze iphunga elithile esebenzisa izindlala ezikhethekile. Kulolu cingo, intokazi iyangena, imzwele amakhilomitha amaningi. Lapho-ke izinambuzane zihlola inyamazane yazo bese zisebenza, ngezinsuku ezimbili umndeni onjalo “ungcwaba” imvukuzane encane!

Izikhathi ezingezinhle nazo ziphakathi kwama-bugs-bugs, ezimweni lapho kungenzeki ukuthola inyama efile, amabhungane asebenzisa amakhowe ukukhiqiza inzalo. Izithombe ngu-jan lyngby.

Amabhungane alezi zinhlobo anesinye isici esiyingqayizivele, asicubungula ngoketshezi - imfihlo egcinwe yizinduna ezikhethekile, wonke umhlaba wesidumbu sesilwane. Le mfihlo, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-enzyme ekhethekile (i-lysozyme) kuyo, inepropathi ye-antibacterial futhi ayivumeli izinsalela ukuba zibole, ngendlela, i-lysozyme ingesinye sezingxenye zamasosha omzimba ezinto eziphilayo eziningi emhlabeni. Isibonelo, kubantu, i-enzyme enjalo ikhona kumathe. Ngemuva “kokuthuliswa kwendle” okuyizidumbu, izidumbu zisebenza njengokudla okuhle kakhulu kwezibungu.Futhi ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa okunemizwa okunjalo kwemizwa yabazali, cishe amaphesenti angama-40 wenzalo yamabhungane angafa nge-microflora eyingozi. Singasho ngokuphephile ukuthi le ngenye yezindlela ezingejwayelekile zokunakekela izizukulwane ezizayo!

Ngokuvamile amabhungane amathuna angabonakala “nabagibeli” abangajwayelekile emhlane wabo. Lezi ziinhlobo zabahambi ngempela, izibungu ze-gamasid (umndeni kaGamasoidea(kwezinye izichazamazwi gamazobye)) Amabhungane amathuna ayaphoqelelwa ukuba akhuthazelele ukungabekezeleli okunjalo futhi adlulisele imikhaza kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona isidumbu esilungiswe ngamabhungane okuzalela inzalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi kanye ne-lysozyme enzyme, impi yokulwa nama-microflora nayo yenziwa ngosizo lwama-gamasid mites, la mites adla ama-microorganisms anomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwenyama. Lesi ngesinye isibonelo esihle ngokumangalisa kwe-typiosis phakathi kwezinambuzane. Photo by mikcoffin.

Uyayithanda i-athikili? Bhalisela isiteshi ukuze uqhubeke wazi ngezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezithakazelisa

Emathuna digger

Emathuna digger
Emathuna digger Nicrophorus vespillo
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

• INecrophorus

Emathuna digger , noma amabhungane ethuna , (lat. Nicrophorus) - uhlobo lwamabhungane omndeni wama-carnivores.

Indawo

Abamele lolu hlobo bathakazelela eYurophu, e-Asia (eNew Guinea naseSolomon Islands), engxenyeni yePalaearctic yase-Afrika, kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Esifundeni se-zoogeographic sase-Ethiopia kanye nasesifundeni sezwekazi lase-Australia, izinhlobo zezilwanyana ezingaphansi komhlaba azifanekiswanga. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zihlala eHolarctic, zingu-15 kuphela kuzo ezirekhodelwe i-Nearctic. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweziyishumi ziyaziwa esifundeni sase-Indo-Malaan. Emafayilini amazwe ase-USSR yangaphambili, izinhlobo ezingama-28 zimelwe; ezingaphezu kwe-20 zitholakala eRussia. Ngokwefosili, abameleli bakudala bohlobo oluthile bayabonakala ku-Cretaceous Burmese amber.

Izici ezijwayelekile

Amabhungane amakhulu amakhulu 11-40 mm ubude Imibala emnyama, i-elytra imvamisa ngephethini elikhanyayo, eyakhiwe kusuka kumabhandethi amabili abomvu (awubonakali kakhulu) obomvu we-orange obunji obahlukahlukene Onqenqemeni olungaphambili lwe-clypeus kukhona umugqa wesikhumba okhulayo wombala onsundu. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kwakheka ulwelwesi olungena kwi-clypeus. Ukwakheka kolwelwesi kwehlukile emadodeni nakwabesifazane futhi kusalokhu kukhulunywa ngezinhlobo ezithile. Ingxenye yokuqala ye-antennae ivame ukuba mfushane izikhathi eziyi-1,2-1,5 kune-flagellum (ingxenye 2-7th). Iklabhu ye-antennae echazwe kahle ingaba umbala owodwa (omnyama, onsundu noma obomvu obomvu), kepha imvamisa iyimbala emibili: izingxenyana ze-apical zibomvu-orenji, kanti eyokuqala imnyama. I-elytra ihlanganisa izinkinobho zokuma kwe-tergite yesihlanu yesisu. I-forelegs pubescent, i-lamellarly inwetshiwe.

Ibhayoloji

Zingama-necrophages: zondla u-carrion kokubili esiteji sabadala nakulesi sigaba se-larval. Amabhungane angcwaba izidumbu zezilwane ezincane enhlabathini (lapho amabhungane aba negama lawo ngokuthi “abembi bethuna”) futhi akhombisa ukunakekela inzalo - izibungu, ezilungiselela isitho sezitho zomzimba. Uma kungekho mthombo wokudla oyinhloko, kuchazwe amacala okuchithwa kobuso obukhona noma ukudla imfucumfucu yokubola yesikhunta.

E-carrion, i-carrion incintisana nabadansi. Lokhu kuchaza ukungabikho kwezinhlobo zohlobo lolo ezitolo ezishisa kakhulu nokuvalelwa ezintabeni eziphakemeyo ezindaweni ezifudumele zesimo sezulu.

Ngenxa yama-chemoreceptors athuthukisiwe emaphethelweni e-antennae, anuka iphunga le-carrion kusuka kude futhi ayakwazi ukundiza kuwo amakhulu amamitha. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bangcwaba i-carrion etholakele ndawonye (imvamisa kuyisidalwa sesilwane esincane noma inyoni), ukukhipha umhlabathi ngaphansi kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela kufihlwe kwamanye ama-scavenger (izimpukane zenjoloba nangamabhungane). Basebenzisa imfucumfucu kanye namathe ukuze kwehlise ukubola futhi bakhiphe iphunga lokuwohloka, okuheha ukunakwa kwabancintisana. I-Instillation ibuye ivimbele isidumbu ukuthi some phakathi nesikhathi lapho izibungu zidla ngaso. Ngomhlabathi oxegayo, ukumba kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, emahoreni ambalwa. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukucekela phansi isidumbu ohlangothini olulodwa, abembi bokwembiwa kancane kancane basusa endaweni engafanele yokungcwaba. Ngemuva kokugqekeza, insikazi ibekela amaqanda eduzane (imvamisa emgodini wobumba). Imvamisa, u-carrion ungumbhangqwana owodwa, oxosha amanye.

Izibungu ezinemilenze engama-6 engakhuli ngaphansi kanye namaqembu anamehlo ayi-6 ohlangothini ngalunye avela emaqanda abekiwe. Isici esijabulisayo sokumba okumbile ukunakekela inzalo: yize izibungu zikwazi ukuzondla zodwa, abazali bancibilika izicubu zezidumbu ngama-enzyme wokugaya, zilungiselela “umhluzi” onempilo kuzo. Lokhu kuvumela izibungu ukuba zikhule ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izibungu zigaya zijule emhlabathini, lapho zidonsa khona, ziphenduka zaba ngamabhungane amadala.

Kanye nezinye izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezincane ezihlala izidumbu zezilwane, abembi abasathuna bakusheshisa kakhulu ukubola kwabo, besebenza njengokuhleleka kwemvelo.