UMnyango Wezemvelo ulungiselela ukuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo. Lokhu kushiwo ngu-RIA Novosti onguNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo Nezemvelo WeRussian Dmitry Kobylkin.

“UMnyango Wezemvelo waseRussia wokwehlisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye namazwe ehlukene. Sisekela umkhuba womhlaba wonke wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki. Futhi ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi siya kulokhu. Amaketanga amaningi amakhulu okuthengisa asisekela. Futhi silungiselela lo mkhawulo, kuthatha isikhathi ukubona nokwamukela, ”kusho yena.

Phambilini uNdunankulu waseRussia uDmitry Medvedev akazange akhiphe isinqumo sokuthi ngokuzayo iRussia ingalahla ngokuphelele upulasitiki. Ngasikhathi sinye, wakhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, leyo yindlela bonke abantu ababephila ngayo.

“Kwakungekho pulasitiki ngesikhathi sikhula - kwakungamabhodlela nephepha kuphela. Manje ipulasitiki iyingozi enkulu kuyo yonke iplanethi. Uyazi ukuthi amazwe amaningi acabanga ngokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki. Mhlawumbe sizokuza nalokhu ngolunye usuku, ”kugcizelela uMedvedev, ekhuluma kwi-All-Russian Ecological Forum" Izwe elihlanzekile ".

Isinyathelo Esinengqondo

UMbuso Duma wasekela isinyathelo soMnyango Wezemvelo. U-Elena Serova, iPhini likaSihlalo weKomidi LaseDuma Yezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Nezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo, uthe engxoxweni neRT ukuthi wonke amazwe athuthukile eza kancane kancane azoshiya ipulasitiki.

“Ngikholwa ukuthi uhlelo lolu lunengqondo impela, ngoba ipulasitiki emhlabeni wethu isibe ningi kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, ngikholwa ukuthi wonke amazwe athuthukile kufanele akulahle kancane kancane - maqondana nokulahlwa kwetafula okungasetshenziswa, ”kuphawula uSerova. "Ingcolisa imvelo kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngiyameseka lo msebenzi."

Khumbula ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2019 i-European Union yamemezela ukuthi ihlose ukuvimba ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngonyaka ka-2021, kufaka namapuleti, ama-cutlery, ama-straws kanye notshwala bekotini.

Usongo Olungahlonishwa

Izinkinga zemvelo emhlabeni wonke ziyaqhakanjiswa, futhi uhulumeni waseRussia wenza into efanelekile ngokuphakamisa izindaba ezinjalo. Lo mbono wabiwa nguSihlalo weKhomishini Yezemvelo Nezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo kweCommunity Chamber yeRussia Federation u-Albina Dudareva.

"Akusizi ngalutho ukuthunyelwa kwepulasitiki futhi akusizi ngalutho ukucubungula ... Namuhla kusongelwa ngokunganakwa, futhi nokuthi uhulumeni unaka kakhulu lokho," kusho yena engxoxweni neRT.

Ngokusho kwakhe, abamele iPublic Chamber bavakashele ukuthathwa kwezwe okuningi ezweni futhi baphawula ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko yedoti yipulasitiki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuqoqeka okukhulu kokungcola kwepulasitiki kubhekwa kahle ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa. Kusuka ezindaweni ezinjalo ukuthi kufanelekile ukuqaliswa kokwethulwa kwemikhawulo.

“Sibheke ethembeni nasenkonzweni kanye nesitatimende sayo. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu ngeke kwehle, kodwa empeleni kuzokwethula izindlela ezithile zokusabalalisa izitsha zepulasitiki, ”kusho uDudareva.

USihlalo weKhomishani Yezemvelo Nezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Yezikhungo Zomphakathi ZaseRussia wabuye wakhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni eminingana edlule umyalo wakhishwa nguMongameli waseRussia u-Vladimir Putin wokufunda ngezindaba zokufakwa nokupakishwa okungasetshenziswa ngezinto ezingekho emthethweni.

“Futhi ngiyethemba ukuthi namuhla ubuholi boNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo buzoqedela le-oda likamongameli kuze kube sekupheleni bese bethula, mhlawumbe, kungavimbi, kepha okungenani imikhawulo evumayo nenye indlela yokusebenzisa ukupakisha okungakheki kahle, okuzoba yingozi emvelweni,” kuphetha yena.

Ukushintshela kwezinye Izinto

U-Roman Pukalov, umqondisi wezinhlelo zemvelo eGreen Patrol, yena, uchaze i-RT ukuthi ziningi ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sopulasitiki, kepha ukushintshwa kwalolu hlobo lwezinto zokwenziwa kumele kwenziwe ngendlela ehlelekile.

“Ushintsho oluhamba kancane, hhayi ukusuka ngonyaka ka-2019, ukuze kungonakalisi amabhizinisi amancane, kepha kunikezwe ithuba lokushintshela kwezinye izinketho. Leli yikhadibhodi elicindezelwe, lingamaphepha amnyama, izitsha ezisebenzisekayo, ”kugcizelela.

Uchwepheshe uphinde wachaza ukuthi, yize ezinye izinhlobo zepulasitiki ziphinde zenziwe kabusha, le nqubo ihlanganiswa yizinto eziningana.

"I-tableware elahlekile ngemuva kwayo yonke ipicnics, uhambo lwensimu kungenzeka luhlale emahlathini, noma ifomu elingcoliswe kakhulu lingene kudoti. Ukucutshungulwa kwalo kungenzeka, kepha kubi: kudinga ukugezwa, kufanele kukhethwe kusuka eningi leminye imfucumfucu, kungenzeka ukuthi ekugcineni kubekeke endaweni yokugcwalisa impahla noma esitshalweni sokushiswa. Kungangcono ukube bebengekho nhlobo, futhi abantu basebenzise izinto ezisebenzisekayo noma imikhiqizo yamaphepha enziwe ngezinto ezinokuphazamiseka, ”kuphetha uPukalov.

Ukusindiswa KweMiscanthus

UMnyango Wezemithombo Yezemvelo waseRussia Federation, kulandela izindlela zomhlaba, usebenza ekuvinjelweni kokuthengiswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezingasetshenziswa. Uhulumeni waseRussia uphinde uhlele ukucubungula ukwethula ngokuphelele ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki kusuka ngo-2025. I-EU ingaphambi kwethu kulolu daba - ukuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezilahlayo kuzoqala ukusebenza ngo-2021. Ukuphika akuyona inkinga, kepha ngingakubuyisela kanjani?

I-tableware elahlekayo eRussia ikhiqiza amayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-14 ngonyaka (lokhu kufaka izingilazi zepulasitiki, izinto zokwenza izinto, amapuleti, njll.). Uhlobo oluthengiswa kakhulu izinkomishi namapuleti; zibiza ngaphezu kwama-77% wemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.

Izitolo ezisheshayo zokudla (i-akhawunti kaMcDonald's, KFC, iBurger King) ezingama-37% azo zonke izinto zokulahleka kwetafula ezingasetshenziswa. Abathengi abasebenzayo abalandela beplastiki yizakhamizi ezihambela kuma-picnics - 26%. Kube sekufika i-cafe evulekile - 21%. Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ekulahlekelweni komhlaba kwethu, lapho, ngaphandle kokubola, kubangela ukulimala okungalinganiseka kwimvelo yengxenye yezwe ehleliwe

Ama-95% abantu baseRussia abheka ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki njengenkinga ephuthumayo. Ama-74% abantu baseRussia bakulile ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa i-tableware elahlekile kanye nezikhwama, noma ngabe lokhu kuzobanika ukuphazamiseka empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngamazwi, umbuzo uvuthiwe.

Abadlali bemakethe yepulasitiki

Imakethe yamapulasitiki yasekhaya yaqala ukukhuphuka ngemuva kokwethulwa kwemisebenzi yokuzivikela (okufika ku-70% yezindleko zezitsha) zokufakwa ngaphakathi ezweni ngasekupheleni kuka-1990. Namuhla eRussia kukhona abakhiqizi ababalelwa ku-100 abasebenza ngokulahlwa kwetafula, kepha phakathi kwabo kukhona abangaphansi kweshumi elikhulu.

Enye yezinkampani ezidume kakhulu ezakha i-tableware elahlekayo eRussia ithathwa njenge-Huhtamaki yaseFinland. Amakhasimende akhe angamaMcDonalds, PepsiCo, Starbucks, Nestle, Unilever, njll.

Omunye wabakhiqizi beplastiki ezindala nabaholayo eMoscow yi-ZAO Range. UVasily Shataev. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1992 ngokwesisekelo seFektri ye-haberdashery, imali ethathwa minyaka yonke yenkampani kusukela ekuthengisweni kwe-tableware elahliwe kuphela icishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-ruble. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uVasily Shataev ungumnikazi wezinye izinkampani ezintathu ezihlinzeka nge-glassware kanye nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki: Mitita Matriks JSC, Mystery Plast LLC kanye neMysteria Network CJSC.

I-Artplast JSC yadalwa ngonyaka ka-1995 ngabafundi abaningana be-MEPhI, abaqale ukuthengisa izikhwama zepulasitiki emakethe yaseMoscow Pokrovsky ukuze bathole imali yokufunda nokuzilibazisa. Manje imali engenayo yenkampani ingama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.3.

Omunye umakhiqizi omkhulu wepulasitiki ongasetshenziswa yi-ZAO Inteko. Le nhlangano yasungulwa ngo-1991 ngu-Elena Baturina, unkosikazi walowo owayeyiMeya yaseMoscow uYuri Luzhkov. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokusebenza kwayo, u-Inteko wayekhethekile ekwenzeni imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, kepha wabe eseya ebhizinisini lokwakha, njengoba esephelelwe isikhundla esiphambili emakethe yepulasitiki.

Njengoba ukuthutha i-tableware elahlekile kungasizi, imakethe yathuthuka ngokushesha ezifundeni. INovosibirsk LLC ithathwa njengomholi kule ndawo.I-Fopos».

Futhi bonke nje banikela ngezigidigidi zabo ngenzuzo?

Akukho okunye okungeniswa esikhundleni se-eco-friendly?

Ipulasitiki ingathathelwa indawo yizitsha zokudla ezingenzeka zenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngezitshalo zemvelo (bamboo, ukhuni, ukhokho, amaqabunga esundu). Ilungele imikhiqizo ebandayo neshisayo, ayiphuli, ayishisi, futhi ayifaki ukusetshenziswa futhi.

Kutholakale ithuba lokunciphisa ukunqunyelwa kukaMoscow ezindizeni phakathi kweRussia neGeorgia. EGeorgia, baphakamise ukuthi kungeniswe amabhasi okuvalwa mahhala ezweni kusuka ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziseduze eBaku, Yerevan naseTrabzon.

E-Russia, phakathi kwezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngempahla engabekeka impahla, i-LLC "Yaziwa kakhulu"IGeita". Amakhasimende weGeovita yi-Alphabet ye-Taste, iCrossroads, iGlobus Gourmet, Intengo yeFix, njll.

Kepha ukuthembela kakhulu ezintweni ezibonakalayo ezingafanelekile akukufanele. Kwavela ukuthi izikhwama nezikhwama ezibhalwe ukuthi “zingabumbeka epulasitiki” zigcina ubuqotho bezakhiwo, noma ngabe zilala phansi iminyaka emithathu. Ngokuvulekile, isikhathi sokubola singaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Izinkampani eziningi sezisungule ukukhiqizwa kwezitsha zamaphepha, ikakhulukazi iHuhtamaki eshiwo. Kodwa-ke, izinto zamaphepha aziphephile njengoba kunenkolelo evamile. Ukukhiqizwa kwenkomishi yekhadibhodi ejwayelekile kufaka i-cellulose ebilayo kwisisombululo se-sulfate equkethe izinto eziyingozi (i-caustic soda, i-sodium sulfide). Ngaso leso sikhathi, kudingeka inani elikhulu lamanzi lapho kukhiqizwa, okuthi ekugcineni kwenqubo kukhishwe njengamanzi okukhuculula indle.

Yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi ungaba kanjani?

Sizogcwalisa umhlaba ngeMiskanthus

Inketho ethokozisayo yokufaka esikhundleni sopulasitiki inikezwa osomabhizinisi abavela eSiberia - ukukhiqizwa kwezitsha ezivela eMiscanthus (utshani obungahlala njalo bomndeni wamabele).

I-Miscanthus inezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu. Ukusuka esititshalweni, ungakhiqiza amakhadibhodi ngokushesha, udlule esigabeni sokugaya. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umthelela omubi emvelweni - kuzodingeka amandla amancane, amanzi, i-chemistry. AbakwaMiscanthus abathobeki ekulimeni, bangahlwanyela indawo yokuqothula engapheli yaseSiberia, kuyilapho izindawo zase-Europe ezibalulekile manje zithathwa ngokudlwengulwa nge-biofuel.

Ukutshala nokusebenzisa iMiskanthus inombolo enkulu yemisebenzi kwezolimo. Singabanqobisa ngomhlaba wonke, njengangaphambili kanye nangokolweni nangamafutha. Kepha kuze kube manje, esifundeni saseSiberia kunesihlahla esisodwa seMiscanthus esinendawo engamahektha angama-40 - ngaseBiysk. Futhi ifektri eyodwa ekhethekile.

Futhi kukhona okusitshela ukuthi abakhiqizi bamanje bezitsha zepulasitiki ngeke batshale kubuchwepheshe obusha - lokhu kuyabiza futhi kuyingozi. Futhi bazosebenza ngendlela yakudala - impi yempi yokulondolozwa kwesimo kanye nezikhulu ezikhuthaza ukwenza izinqumo. Ngakho-ke, ngendlela, abakhiqizi be-glassware ye-PET ubhiya besekuyiminyaka besebenza, bezabalaza ngamathini amnandi kakhulu wemvelo e-aluminium.

Kodwa-ke, ngithanda ukwenza amaphutha kulokhu futhi nginethemba lokuthi iMiscanthus ngolunye usuku okungenani izosisindisa ekulahleni kukadoti.

Imali yemvelo

NgoDisemba nyakenye, i-All-Russian Popular Front yamemezela ukuthi ihlose ukuphakamisa ukuthi uMnyango Wezemithombo Yezemvelo waseRussia Federation wenze imingcele ekukhiqizweni nasekungenisweni kwezimpahla ezilahlwayo ezivela kupulasitiki. Njengoba inkonzo yabezindaba yokunyakaza komphakathi ichaza, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufakwe izikhwama zepulasitiki, izitsha zepulasitiki, izigaxa zikakotini, namashubhu e-cocktail ohlwini lwezimpahla ezinjalo.

Isiphakamiso se-ONF bekuwukukhulisa inani lentela yendawo yezemvelo yalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo. Futhi lokhu, kufanele kuholele ekubuyiselweni kwezinye izithonjana ezinemvelo ezenziwa ngezinto ezenziwe ngezinto ezinokubumbeka njenge bamboo noma ummbila.

Le nhlangano iphinde yathi ukwenqatshwa kwepulasitiki kumele kwenzeke kancane kancane. Unyaka olinganiselwe wokuphothula lolu shintsho, ngokubona kwabo, ungaba ngu-2024.

UMnyango Wezemithombo Yezemvelo kanye nabasephalamende baqinisekile: kuthatha isikhathi “ukwamukela nokwamukela” imikhawulo

Isithombe: flickr.com/Rob Deutscher

Kusukela ngo-2021, ukusatshalaliswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki kuzovinjwa kwi-European Union. Izwe laseRussia futhi lifuna ukuxhasa umkhuba womhlaba jikelele nezinhlelo zokushiya iziqukathi ezenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, kusho uDmitry Kobylkin, inhloko yoMnyango Wezemvelo, ngoMeyi 7. Kodwa-ke, amaPhalamende asikisela ngaphambi kokwethula imikhawulo yokucabanga ngokuthi angawaguqula kanjani amapuleti kanye nezinkomishi ezilahlekile esezisetshenzisiwe.

Ipulasitiki isibe yingxenye yephakethe lokudla.

“UMnyango Wezemvelo waseRussia wokwehlisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye namazwe ehlukene. Sisekela umkhuba womhlaba wonke wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki. Futhi, ngiyaqiniseka, siya kule, ” UDmitry Kobylkin Izindaba zeRIA ".

Ngokusho kukangqongqoshe, amaketanga amaningi amakhulu okuthengisa asekela isinyathelo somnyango, esivele "silungiselela imikhawulo." Manje ezinye izitolo, ngokwesibonelo, seziqalile ukusebenzisa izikhwama zamaphepha nokupakisha kusuka ezintweni zokwakha okunemvelo.

Ipulasitiki ibangela ukulimala okungalingani emvelweni. Ngokuqagela okuhlukahlukene, ukubola kwayo kuqala eminyakeni engama-400 futhi kuthatha kusuka eminyakeni engama-50 kuye kwangama-120 - ngakho-ke kuleli zinga lokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ngezinto zokwenziwa, ubungozi boMhlaba bugcwele ngokuphelele udoti we-polymer isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi. Khathesi manje eLwandlekazi iPacific isiqhingi sakhiwe kusuka kumdaka wepulasitiki nendawo yamamitha skwele ayisigidi, okuthi, ngenxa yemijikelezo, iya ngokuya yanda.

Lapho senqaba izikhwama zepulasitiki

I-Russia isivele ibonile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kudinga ukulawulwa. Isibonelo, ngoDisemba nyakenye, i-All-Russian Popular Front iphakamise ukwethula imingcele ekukhiqizweni nasekungeniseni kwezimpahla ezingalahlwa ezintweni zokwenziwa, zihlukaniswe zenziwa esigabeni esihlukile ngenani lentela. Ngemuva kwalokho izishayamthetho zaseSt. Petersburg kanye ne-Leningrad Region zaphakamisa ukuthi kuhlukane nokusetshenziswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki, izikhwama zepulasitiki nokupakisha eziyingozi emvelweni yasemadolobheni nakomasipala.

Futhi ngoMashi 2019, uNdunankulu UDmitry Medvedev futhi basho ukuthi eRussia kungekudala noma nini ezingeni lomthetho bazobheka ukwenqatshelwa kwe-tableware elahlekayo eyenziwe ngopulasitiki.

Kulokhu, isitatimende sikaDmitry Kobylkin asibukeki njengejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, hlobo luni lokuqeqeshwa esingakhuluma ngalo?

Udinga ukuhlola imiphumela

Ngaphambi kokushiya izitsha zepulasitiki, kuyadingeka ukusungula ukukhiqizwa kwama-analogues ezinto ezenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo - ngokwesibonelo, ephepheni nasekhadibhodini, okubolile futhi akuphazamisi ukulingana kwemvelo. Umkhakha waseRussia unawo wonke amathuba okukhiqiza imikhiqizo enjalo, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi iPhini likasihlalo weKomidi LaseDuma LoMbuso Kwezemvelo Nezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo UKirill Cherkasov. Kodwa-ke, iphini laphawula ukuthi manje eRussia awekho amabhizinisi anele akhiqiza izimpahla ezinjalo.

Ipulasitiki kumele ithathelwe indawo ngezinto ezingenangozi.

E-European Union, lapho izitsha zepulasitiki ezilahliwe zivinjelwe khona kusukela ngonyaka we-2021, enye indlela yethulwe amashumishumi eminyaka, futhi ukupakishwa kwe-eco-friendly akuzange kusheshe, kepha kwathatha indawo yepulasitiki. Futhi ukuze izitsha ezingaphazamiseki zingabizi kakhulu, zenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe kabusha.

Ngakho-ke, usihlalo weKomiti loMkhandlu Wenhlangano Yezinqubomgomo Zokudla Nezokulima kanye Nezokuphathwa Kwemvelo U-Alexey Mayorov umeme osomabhizinisi ukuthi bazofunda ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokufaka kusuka ezintweni zokwakha imvelo besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha. "Kumele sihambisane nezikhathi bese kancane kancane sisuka ekusetshenzisweni kwepulasitiki nezitsha," utshele iphephandaba iPhalamende. - Kepha lesi sihloko sidinga ukudingidwa nomphakathi ochwepheshe, izinhlangano zomphakathi nabamele amabhizinisi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki akuholeli kumanani aphezulu emikhiqizo yokugcina futhi konke lokhu kwehla kumthengi. "

Ngalezozinsuku

Ngaphezu kwalokho, idokhumenti lizoqinisa umgomo “wokungcola ngokungakhokhi” - lo mthethosivivinywa unweba isikweletu sabakhiqizi ngomonakalo wemvelo. Ikakhulu, lokhu kusebenza kuzimali zamanethiwekhi alahlekile olwandle, azodingeka ukuthi akhokhe hhayi abadobi, kodwa abakhiqizi. Izinkampani zizophinde zibophezelwe ukuthi zibhale ngogwayi izihlungi zepulasitiki, izinkomishi, amaphakeji weziswidi ezimanzi namaphakethe wezindlu zangasese ngezexwayiso ezithinta ipulasitiki ezingasebenzi kahle ezithinta imvelo.

I-European Commission iphakamise ukuthi kuvinjwe amapulasitiki alahlekile eYurophu entwasahlobo ka-2018. Futhi, uhulumeni wase-UK ukhulume ngezinhlelo zokwenqabela ukuthengiswa kotshani bekotoni kanye namashubhu epulasitiki entwasahlobo ka-2018.

Amapulasitiki anqwabelana olwandle, olwandle namabhishi e-EU nasemhlabeni jikelele ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphansi sokubola, okuphawulwe ePhalamende laseYurophu. Ngokusho kwakhe, izinto zepulasitiki zinamaphesenti angaphezu kwangama-80 ayo yonke imfucumfucu yolwandle, kanti amaphesenti angama-70 alezi zinto angena ngaphansi kombhalo owamukelwe.

IPhalamende laseYurophu ligcine selivimbele imikhiqizo elahlekile yepulasitiki - izinkezo, imfoloko, amapuleti, amathini okuphuza, izitsha zokudla nezinye. Kungani umhlaba wasentshonalanga wenqaba impahla enjalo elula?

IYurophu iyenqaba ipulasitiki

NgoMashi 27, iPhalamende laseYurophu lagcina likuvimbile ukuthengiswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezilahlayo neminye imikhiqizo, njengamahlamvu ukotini. Lo mbhalo wesekwa ngamaphini angama-560, kwathi angama-35 kuphela avotela wona. Ukuvinjelwa kuzoqala ukusebenza ngo-2021.

Amalungu ePhalamende abuye azibekele umgomo omusha: ngonyaka ka-2029, aqoqe aze afike ku-90% wamabhodlela epulasitiki alahliwe. Ngemuva kwalokho zizocutshungulwa, bese kuthi ezintsha zenziwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezitholakele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho iYurophu inesibopho sokwenza abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo eminingana abasebenzisa ipulasitiki, njengokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi. Lo mbuso omusha uqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi, hhayi abadobi, bazokhokhela ukuqoqwa kwamanethiwekhi alahlekelwe olwandle.

Umthetho ugcina uphoqa ukuthi ababhemayo batshelwe ukuthi ugwayi ophonswa ngaphandle komgwaqo ngefilastikhi uyingozi emvelweni. Ilebuli kungenzeka isetshenziswe emaphaketheni. Lokhu akusebenzi kugwayi kuphela, kepha nakwezinye izinto ezifana nezinkomishi zepulasitiki kanye nokusula okumanzi.

NgokweKhomishini yaseYurophu, ngaphezu kwe-80% yezimpahla zasolwandle ngamapulasitiki. Futhi cishe konke lokhu kudoti kuyizinto ezenqatshelwa ngumthetho omusha.

Ipulasitiki ibola kancane. Iqongelela olwandle, izilwandle kanye namabhishi emhlabeni jikelele. Izinhlayiya zepulasitiki zitholakala ezintweni eziphilayo zabahlali basolwandle - izimfudu, izihlambi zasolwandle, imikhomo kanye nezinhlanzi kanye ne-shellfish. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ipulasitiki ingena emzimbeni womuntu ngokudla.

Lo mthethosivivinywa uphishekela nezinhloso zezomnotho kuphela: uzokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ye-EU emvelweni ngama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-22. Kukulesi samba lapho kulinganiselwa khona ukulimala kokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki eYurophu kuze kube ngu-2030.

Indlela ipulasitiki engena ngayo emzimbeni womuntu

Lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokufaka ipulasitiki emzimbeni womuntu, khona-ke sikhuluma ngama-microplastics - lezi yizicucu zanoma yiliphi ipulasitiki elingaphansi kwamamilimitha ayi-5 ubude.

Izinhlayiya ezincane ezinjalo zepulasitiki zingangena emzimbeni hhayi nje kuphela ngenhlanzi edliwayo, kodwa futhi nesiphu samanzi ajwayelekile esitolo. Olunye ucwaningo lwaseMelika luveze ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-microplastic zitholakala emapayipini angama-93% amanzi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Izinhlayiya zingena kanjani emabhodleleni zingakaqunywa ncamashi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwenzeka lapho kufakwa amabhodlela efektri, futhi mhlawumbe lapho abathengi bevula ibhodlela.

Abanye abacwaningi bathi ama-microplastics awakwazi ukulondolozwa: aqukethwe ngisho nasemoyeni. Futhi ososayensi baseChinese bathole izinhlayiya zawo kuwo wonke amaphakethe kasawoti athengwe esitolo.

Ekwenzeni amakhemikhali epulasitiki, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali anobuthi kanye ne-carcinogenic. Sekuvele kufakazelwe ukuthi izakhamizi zasolwandle zepulasitiki ziqala ukuba nezinkinga ngesibindi nezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezikuleli pheshana. Ngokusho kososayensi, ezinhlanzini zepulasitiki, umsebenzi uyancipha futhi nekhono lokuduka ezikoleni liyancipha.

Kukhona ingozi yepulasitiki kubantu. Amapulasitiki angaqukatha kusuka ku-1% kuya ku-40% wento ebizwa nge-dioctyl phthalate. Le nto, uma igxotshwa ngowesifazane okhulelwe, ingathinta kabi inzalo: ingane ingazalwa inepenisi elincanyana noma amasende amancane. Kumadoda, i-dioctyl phthalate ibangela ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yesidoda.

Enye into eyingozi yi-bisphenol A. Iisetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza amapulasitiki njengesikhuni isigamu senkulungwane. IBisphenol A isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-polycarbonate, ipulasitiki eqinile engabonakali esetshenziselwa ukwenza amabhodlela amanzi, imishini yezemidlalo, izinsimbi zezokwelapha kanye nokugcwaliswa kwamazinyo. Ngisho nenani elincane le-bisphenol A lapho lingena emzimbeni womuntu kuholela ezinkingeni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isibindi, futhi kukwandisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ekhiqizweni kwezinye izinhlobo zepulasitiki, i-tetrabromobisphenol A nayo iyasetshenziswa. Le nto ingaphazamisa ukulingana kwama-hormone egilo, umsebenzi wesitho futhi kuholele kokuzala.