Ama-Rhinoceros mabhungane ajwayelekile emhlabeni wonke, kepha inani elikhulu kunawo wonke atholakala eNingizimu Melika. Endaweni yesibili yi-Afrika, bese kuba yi-Australia. Endaweni yokugcina yisifunda sase-Yurobiya seParasian, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo ezingama-65 kuphela zobhejane - ama-5% enani lezilwane ezivulekile.

Izimbobo ziphakathi kwamabhungane amakhulu amakhulu emhlabeni. Kepha ubukhulu bezinambuzane buhluke kakhulu: kusuka ku-2,5 cm kuya ku-17.2 cm.

Izici ezijwayelekile zifaka ukubukeka nokuthandwayo kokudla kwezibungu zazo. Njengazo zonke i-lamellar-like, izibungu zobhejane zibunjiwe ngo-C. Izinhlobo eziningi zidla ezintweni ezibolekayo, kepha kwezinye izinhlobo zobhejane, izibungu zidla izimpande zezitshalo eziphilayo, zidala umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo.

Ngenxa yomlutha wezibungu ekudleni izinkuni ezijikelezayo, ezinye izinhlobo zazikwazi ukuphuma emahlathini futhi zizivumelanise nokuphila emaqeleni. Endaweni enjalo engathandeki, izibungu zidla izimpande zezitshalo ezifile.

Ezinye izinhlobo zaseningizimu dendrophilous yamabhungane ziyakwazi ukudla izinkuni eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, obhejane abaningi bayizinambuzane ezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zesundu.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo

Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zamabhungane nezindawo zazo ezingenakufinyeleleka, akunangqondo ukuthi zibhale zonke lezi zinhlobo. Uhlu lolu lubalulekile labo abantu abangahlangana nabo ohambweni lokuvakasha, lapho lugcinwe kuma-insectarians noma nje ekuhambeni ngehlathi. Okuvame kakhulu yizinhlobo zase-Yurobhu zobhejane duplyak.

Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-65 zesifunda esingaphansi kweDynastinae esifundeni sasePalaearctic, kuphela amabanga amahlanu ahlangana nezinye izindawo zoogeographic. Abangu-60 abasele bangama-Palearctic.

Rhino duplyak

Izinhlobo, ezanikeza igama kuwo wonke ama-subfamily of duples. Ungowe-genus Oryctes noma ama-digger. Amagama emvelo wezinhlobo:

• amabhungane obhejane,
• ibhungane lobhejane elijwayelekile,
• obhejane ongasho lutho.

Igama lesiLatin lithi Oryctes nasicornis. Uhlobo lwe-Oryctes luhlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo ezingama-40 zamabhungane. Abangu-7 kubo bahlala esifundeni sasePalaearctic kanti abangama-5 kubo bayizifo.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yalowo mabhungane obhejane

Ubhungane lweRhinoceros - isinambuzane esingavamile esivikelwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu futhi sikuhlu ezincwadini eziningana ezibomvu zasendaweni zeRussian Federation. Inegobolondo elihlwabusayo le-chestnut noma imibala ebomvu, umzimba wayo ungaba ngu-46 mm ubude.

Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngophondo olukhulu ekhanda laso - emadodeni, nakancane, kubukeka njengebhange - kwabesifazane. Banama-elytra acwebezelayo nekhanda. Banekhanda elincane, i-clypeus, elicindezelwe ngaphambili, elingunxantathu, linezinhlangothi eziqondile.

Umsebenzi womzimba ulawulwa yisistimu yezinzwa, equkethe izakhi ezinjengobuchopho kanye ne-nerve chain. Amabhuthi ahlinzeka ngokuphefumula komoya-mpilo ongena ezinkulwini, indawo okuyiyo isifuba nesisu. Ngemimoya, umoya-mpilo ufinyelela ku-trachea, yona emboza iningi lezitho zesinambuzane.

Bhungane lesitfombe lesibhejane lesitfombe

Le bug iqondiswe kwimvelo isebenzisa isistimu yesitho eyenziwe kahle. Uphondo luyasiza futhi ukufeza lomsebenzi, yize kungenzeki ukusungula inhloso yawo ngqo. Lesi sinambuzane sinezitho eziyinkimbinkimbi zombono, sakhiwe ngamehlo amancane futhi sisezinhlangothini zekhanda.

Amapuleti angaphansi kwe-chitinous aqukethe izinwele eziqondiswe phansi, lapho amandla we-electrostatic eqoqwa khona, ngenxa yokuthi, lapho ingena kumuntu, ungazizwa ukhishwa ugesi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lo mabhungane obhejane uyakwazi ukuthutha imithwalo enesisindo esiphindwe kayinkulungwane kunaye. Ngo-2009, ososayensi abavela eYunivesithi yaseCalifornia bakwazile ukufaka i-chip edlulisela amasignali omsakazo kwisiphambeko esinje.

Ngosizo lwemishini enjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele ukuhamba nokundiza kwesinambuzane. Lezi zinambuzane zitholakala ehlobo, kusihlwa ezifudumele, futhi zingandiza nemithombo ehlukahlukene yokukhanya.

Ayikwazi ukwenza ngqo Incazelo yobhungane lobhejane, ngoba lolu hlobo luyamangaza ngokuhlukahluka kwalo - mabhungane ahlukile ngombala, ngosayizi, nezinye izici zezakhiwo ngokuya ngendawo ahlala kuyo.

Le nhlobo isabalele eYurophu, ezingxenyeni zase-Asia, kanye nasenyakatho ne-Afrika. Kuqala, la mabhungane ayehlala emahlathini ahlukene anesihlahla esibanzi, kepha sibonga abantu ukuthi bakwazi ukungena esigxotsheni. Ensimini yeCentral Asia neKazakhstan, la mabhungane nawo ahlala ogwadule.

Thenga amabhungane obhejane kungenzeka kusuka kubathengisi abazimele nasezitolo zezilwane, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ubukhona bayo ezincwadini ezibomvu zezinye izifundazwe. Mabhungane omisiwe ayathengiswa. Khula ubhejane can futhi ekhaya, okungukuthi ku-terrarium.

Ukuze kukhule izibungu, inhlabathi ekhethekile enezelwa kwe-substrate yezinkuni iyadingeka ukuze babe nethuba lokumba lapho babeke amaqanda. Futhi, izibungu zobhejane zizosizakala iselulose yakudala exutshaniswe ne-peat, okuthi yona, kuxutshaniswe nomhlaba, ibekwe endaweni yokudonswa kwamanzi ngemuva kwalokho izibungu ngokwazo zibekwe lapho.

Kufanekiselwa izibungu zobhejane

Uma ubenenhlanhla eyanele yokuyithola kwisigaxa esibolile, kufanele usike ucezu lwayo kanye ne-larva bese uyibeka ku-terrarium, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ulinde ibhungane elidala, futhi akukho zinqubo zokulungisa ezidingekayo.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

Uhlobo luvulekile ezifundeni ezifudumele ze-Eshiya:

• yonke iYurophu
• I-North Africa,
• I-Caucasus,
• ISiberia eseNtshonalanga, engxenyeni eseningizimu,
• I-Asia Minor,
• I-Middle Asia,
• ENyakatho-mpumalanga yeTurkey.

E-Russia, umngcele osenyakatho webanga udlula eLeningrad, eNovgorod, ezifundeni zaseKirov udlula naseBashkiria. Ngaphandle kwe-Urals, obhejane batholakala ezifundeni zaseSverdlovsk naseKustanai. Empumalanga, ibanga lifinyelela eChina.

Indawo yokuhlala kwalesi sinambuzane ihlathi elinwebekile. ECrimea naseCiscaucasia, kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisehlathini nezingama-steppe. EKazakhstan naseCentral Asia, ubhejane ojwayelekile wakwazi ukungena ezindaweni ezigudle ugwadule, lapho waba yi-synanthropus ongayikhetha.

Kulezi zifunda, izibungu zobhejane zikhula zivela emabhafini, sawdust nasemigodini yomquba. Ukudla okubola okubolile, izibungu kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ekutholeni umanyolo. Enyakatho yeYurophu kanye ne-Western Siberian taiga, lesi sinambuzane sangena kanye nabantu. Kulezi zindawo kuholela indlela efanayo yokuphila naseCentral Asia.

Ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamaqabunga ebanzi, inani lamabhungane obhejane ancishisiwe.

Kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, lolu hlobo luyivelakancane futhi lubhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zesifunda. EBelarus, lesi sinambuzane naso siyivelakancane kakhulu. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi indiza lapho ngengozi nomoya oqondile. Rhinos undiza kahle kakhulu, yize engashayi nge-aerobatics. Isiphazamiso esishayeka ngesivinini esingama-50 km / h kumuntu sibangela umuzwa wokukhipha ugesi, ngenxa yaso lapho kwavela khona inganekwane ngekhono lobhejane lokuqongelela ugesi omile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Ubhungane lweRhinoceros

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila yibhungane lobhejane

Emini, lezi zinambuzane azikhombisi noma yimuphi umsebenzi, zincamela ukucasha emhlabathini noma ezihlahleni, ezidlula lapho kuqala ubusuku. Lezi zinambuzane, zisesimweni esiyingozi noma esingaqondakali kuzo, zizama ukumba ngokushesha emhlabathini.

Uma lokhu kungenzeki, lezi zinambuzane ezimangalisayo ziyakwazi ukuveza ukufa, ukuwa nokuhlangana ngotshani namagatsha, kuqinisa i-antennae. Futhi, lezi zinambuzane ezimangalisayo ziyakwazi ukundiza ngaphandle kokuma ngaphezu kuka-50 km.

Indiza ebhungane lobhejane ihlala kuze kube yizinyanga ezinhlanu, ivele ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, bacasha ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Lapho sezizinze ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, la mabhungane ayakwazi ukulimaza izitshalo.

Incazelo yeBhungane

Isakhamuzi saseRussia esenyakatho ngamabhungane amakhulu afinyelela kubukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-4,3. Ubukhulu obuncane besilisa bungamasentimitha angama-2,5. Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu: 2.6-4 cm. Umzimba ophansi ukhanyayo nge-tint ephuzi. Phezulu kwesinambuzane kune-luster eqinile ngaphandle kwensimbi. Umzimba ubumbekile, ubanzi.

Ababhejane sebekhulumile i-dimorphism yezocansi: ibhungane elalinophondo olulodwa ekhanda liyindoda, kanti nophondo lukhona - ngowesifazane. Owesilisa okuyi-pronotum une-notch “ngaphansi kwophondo”. Omkhulu futhi oqina owesilisa, ngcono uphondo lwakhe lukhula. Kwabesilisa ababuthakathaka abangakulungele ukuzala, uphondo alukhuli kahle. Imvamisa ubukhulu bawo abudluli uphondo lowesifazane.

Kwensikazi, igama eliqhoshayo lophondo luyinto encane kakhulu ekhanda. I-pronotum notch nayo ithuthukiswe kabi. Esithombeni samabhungane obhejane bobabili ubulili, umehluko ubonakala kahle

Ingxenye yangaphambili yeduna ekuphrofayili isesimweni esifana nekhanda lobhejane.

Inani labaseningizimu bukabhejane omncane obukhulu. Abesilisa abekho ngaphezu kuka-3 cm. Abesilisa banezimpondo ezincane. Abesifazane abekho ngokuphelele. I-concotum yowesifazane nayo inezinothi. Inani labantu nendlela yabo yokuphila yehlukile.

Amabhungane ayingozi kubantu, akafakwa ohlwini lwezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, kepha angamalungu ezinhlobo zabadwebi futhi anamandla amahle. Uma ubambe obhejane ngenqindi, kungadala imizwa engathandeki kakhulu ngemilenze yangaphambili. Ngomzamo wokuphuma, ibhungane lizoklaba intende yalo.

I-Rhino Beetle Eating

Akekho ongaphendula umbuzo wokuthi kudlani. amabhungane obhejane. Njengoba ingenawo umhlathi ohunyushelwe ekudleni ukudla okukhulu, lesi sinambuzane singase sidle ekuthini izinkuni noma kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okuthambile.

Yize bezama ukuqonda okudliwayo mabhungane obhejane Ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi iningi lezi zinambuzane azikudli nhlobo ukudla, kodwa ziphila ezintweni eziqoqwe ngesikhathi sesigaba sezibungu. Isistimu yokugaya yale mabhungane nayo iyabikwa, okungenye impikiswano esekela isisho esithi azidli lutho.

Isikhathi nendlela yokuphila

Ngokuvela kabanzi kwaleli bhungane elivamile lobhejane, alifundiswanga kahle. Sikwazile ukuthola indawo. Kepha kusenezingxoxo ezishisayo ngemibuzo yokuthi yini edlayo futhi uma idla nhlobo, ibhungane lobhejane lihlala isikhathi esingakanani, nesikhathi sentuthuko.

Imizamo yokuqukethe lesi sinambuzane ekhaya ikhombisile ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila komuntu omdala asidluli izinyanga ezi-2. Kepha izinambuzane zazilamba. Ukuthi akudli yini ngempela noma yini ekuthunjweni noma abathandi behluleka ukuthola ukudla okuyikho kubo, akwaziwa. Ukuthuthuka okungekuhle kwemishini yomlomo kusikisela ukuthi amabhungane adla ujusi noma angadli nhlobo.

Indawo yokuhlala kwamabhungane

Ngalesi sizathu, ukuzigcina njengezilwane zasekhaya akunamsebenzi. Isithandwa sizothola inambuzane elihamba ngokuvilapha. Ayikhuli, ayichithi futhi ifile ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Isakhamuzi eseningizimu asihlali nhlobo emvelweni. Abantu abadala baphuma ebusuku ngemuva kwemvula enkulu yokuvuthwa. Emva kwalokho, ibhungane labesifazane, lizalela emhlabathini, lapho lizalela khona amaqanda, abesilisa bafe. Isikhathi sokuphila kwamabhungane aseningizimu ngolunye usuku.

Ama-Rhinoceros mabhungane awazi ukuthi ukubhukuda kanjani futhi esaba amanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokubukeka kwabo okukhulu ngemuva kwemvula. Amanzi akhukhula izindlu zabo. Kepha izinambuzane zinomshini ovumelanayo ukuze zikwazi ukulinda ubusuku ngemuva kwemvula yasekuseni: zingahlala zingagxili emanzini isikhathi eside. Abantu abanjalo babukeka befile, kepha uma sebekhishwe emanzini, ngokushesha baqala ukukhasa.

Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlaka, kubulawa amabhungane kuphela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuthatha iminyaka eminingana.

Ukuzala kabusha kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kobhungane obhejane

Impilo yebhungane lobhejane ihlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Rhino mabhungane insikazi ifaka amaqanda ezimpondweni ezibolile, izihlahla ezahlukahlukene, umquba wakudala nakwezinye izindawo ezifanayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi awatholakali kuma-citruse nezinaliti. Isigaba seqanda sithatha cishe inyanga.

2. Iqanda liba yisibungu mhlawumbe ehlobo. Izibungu zikabhejane inokujwayelekile, isimilo, ukubukeka kwalo mndeni. Ukudla kwakhe izihlahla ezibolayo nokudla okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo.

Futhi, umiyane wezibungu ezimpandeni zezitshalo, yingakho kwezinye izindawo zibhekwa njengezinambuzane. Lesi sigaba sihlala iminyaka emi-2 kuye kwengama-8, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala.

3. Ubudlabha. Isimo se-pupa sifana ibhungane elivele selikhulile. Masinyane nje ngemuva kwetopical, umbala ophuzi okhanyayo, nokho, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa uthola umbala onsundu.

Isinambuzane esidala sihlala amasonto ambalwa ukuze shiye inzalo, emva kwalokho ife. Futhi, lezi zinambuzane zinezitha eziningi ngokwemvelo.

Kufanele ziqaphele izinyoni, njengamagwababa, izibungu, futhi zingazingelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-amphibians nezirhubuluzayo. Futhi izibungu zesinambuzane ezinjenge-scoliata ziyakwazi ukuhlakulela ubhungane lukabhejane.

ULerva

Iminyaka yabantu basenyakatho iqala ngoMeyi. ENingizimu - ngo-Agasti-Septhemba ngemuva kwemvula enkulu enkulu. Owesifazane ovundisiwe ubekela amaqanda ngokhuni olubolile. Izinsikazi zabantu baseningizimu - emhlabathini.

Ukuqubuka kwezibungu kwenzeka enyangeni ngemuva kokucwaswa. Ngemuva kokushiya iqanda, izibungu zihlala endaweni yezakhi: izinkuni ezibolile noma ngaphansi komhlaba. Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezibungu naso asisungulwa ngokuthembekile. Kukholelwa ukuthi umjikelezo wempilo yakhe uthatha iminyaka engama-2-3.

Izibungu zaseningizimu kwesinye isikhathi zishiya indawo yokukhosela engaphansi komhlaba uma izimvula ezinamandla zivela izinsuku eziningana zilandelana.

Izibungu zobhejane kanye nebhungane likaMeyi ziyefana kakhulu:

• Isimo se-C
• imilenze emide
• ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu
• umbala omhlophe omhlophe onokuqukethwe okumnyama kwamathumbu emuva.

Uma ubheka ikhanda lezithelo zobhejane ngokusondelana, ungabona ama-mandibles anamandla agaya kuwo ukudla. Ngokuntuleka kwezinto eziphilayo ezifile, lezi zinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuzondla ngezimpande zezitshalo.

Izibungu zikabhejane zikhula kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Esigabeni sokugcina sentuthuko, afinyelela ku-10-12 cm. Uma uthatha "isibungu" esinjalo ezandleni zakho, singakuluma. Kepha ngemivimbo enamandla engabhoboza isikhumba, izibungu ziyaluma kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi izibungu ezinamandla azikwazi ukuvula kakhulu.

Izigaba Zentuthuko Yezinyosi iRhino

Ezinye izinhlobo

Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane ezinama-kitinous Outgrowths emakhanda abo zibizwa nangokuthi obhejane. Yize phakathi kwabo kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi uhlangane hhayi nama-unicorns, kodwa izimpondo ezimbili nezintathu. Njengoba laba bantu bebukeka bexakile, kepha bengahlali isikhathi eside, abaqoqi bazithenga ngokuzithandela zisefomu elomile. Malini amabhungane obhejane abiza ngohlobo lwawo nokutholakala kwawo. Ubhungane ojwayelekile obhejane, obukhulu kunokwejwayelekile, wathengiswa ngo- $ 10. Kepha "kungathi uyaphila."

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zobhejane okulula ukuzithenga:

• amabhungane obhejane esundu (i-Oryctes rhinoceros),
• ibhungane lendlovu (Megasoma elephas),
• Ubhungane wobhejane baseJapan (i-Trypoxylus dichotomus),
• Ubhungane obhejane base-Australia (i-Xylotrupes ulysses).

Obhejane bezimbali babukeka njengengubo yobhejane ejwayelekile. Kepha izibungu zaso ziyakwazi ukudla izinkuni eziphilayo, yingakho lolu hlobo lukhonalelwa ukuthi luy inkathazo.

Ibhungane lendlovu lingomunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu bezimpinda eziphansi. Ubude besilisa kanye nophondo bufika ku-12 cm.I ubude besifazane buba cm 7. Isisindo sesinambuzane singama-35 g. Uphondo olukhulu lweduna lusekhanda, kepha kwi-expression ye-extotum kuneminye eminye imibiko emifushane engama-4 eqondiswe phambili. Insikazi ayinazimpondo. Bahlala emahlathini ashisayo aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.

Ibhungane lobhejane laseJapan liyinambuzane enkulu kakhulu. Ngokubambisana nophondo, ubude bomzimba wesilisa bufika ku-8,2 cm.Isikazi lifinyelela ku-4,7 cm. Uphondo olukhulu luqondiswa phambili kuya phezulu. Inesimo esiyingqayizivele: ekuqaleni unxantathu, uphondo luthotshisiwe luye ngasekupheleni futhi luhlukaniswe izinqubo ezimbili, ezibuye zibuye zibe bifurcate. Ngaphezu kophondo oluphambili, ibhungane laseJapan linenye, likhula lisuka maphakathi ne-expressionot liye kwelokuqala.

Ubhejane wase-Australia unombono waso wokuqala woqobo: uphondo ekhaleni lunesimo esiyindilinga esikhula emuva. Ukusuka emuva, ubhekise ophondweni oluphambili. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, ikhanda lobhejane wase-Australia libukeka likhulu futhi linama-cuboid.Futhi izimpondo zibonakala njengesibambo esivulekile sale khabethe.

Incazelo Nezici

Umhlaba wezinambuzane unamacala amaningi futhi uhlukahlukene. Futhi abameleli bakhe ababonakali kangako, kepha kuyamangaza futhi kuyathandeka ngendlela yabo. Phakathi kwazo indawo evelele kuhlala izidalwa ezincane ezivela ku-Coleoptera ye-oda, kumane kubizwe ngokuthi amabhungane.

Ukuziphilisa kwabo kwiplanethi enguMhlaba kulinganiselwa ezigidini zamakhulu eminyaka, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo - kumakhulu ezinkulungwane. Futhi hhayi phakathi kwezidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithokozisayo zemvelo yalolu hlobo, singaziqamba ubhejanekubalwa njengo-lamellae womndeni.

Lesi sidalwa asigcini ngokubukeka nobukhulu baso kuphela, kepha futhi namandla aso, uma kucatshangelwa isikali esincane, sidlula zonke izidalwa ezikule planethi, ngokuqonda okuhlobene. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengezintuthwane, amabhungane anjalo anekhono lokudonsa izinto, azidlule kakhulu ngosayizi nesisindo.

Ikhanda labesilisa lihlotshiswe ngesimilo esinezinhlamvu futhi lihlaba umxhwele, lilingana ngobukhulu, ligobeke emuva, uphondo lukanxantathu, olukhulu ezansi futhi luchofoza kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngenxa yakhe, amabhungane athola igama lawo.

Ubhungane obhejane besilisa bunesici esingahlukeki ngendlela enophondo

Noma zisezinsikazi, lesi sici esivelelayo asibonwa, kepha kuphela izisekelo zaso.

Kepha amabhungane angamaduna aneziqalo zophondo kuphela

Izinsikazi zamabhungane anjalo ekuvuthweni ziyakwazi ukufinyelela usayizi ongafika ku-47 mm, kepha izintombi zazo zivame ukuvela endaweni ethile kube ngamasentimitha amancane. Wona kanye umzimba walezi zidalwa, owakheke njengemilenze, wahlukaniswa ngezigaba, wakhazimula ngaphansi kwelanga ngophawu olubomvu onsundu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye yayo engenhla imnyama kunaphansi, kanti isisu sinika umbala ophuzi.

Ngobuhle obuyingqayizivele ubhejane kungabonakala ngokubheka Izithombe. Ikhanda lalezinambuzane alilona elikhulu, kanti uphondo luhlala engxenyeni enkulu yalo, engxenyeni engaphambili iyisicaba, imbozwe amachashazi amaningi.

Amamaki afanayo anamabhulingi awugqinsi obomvu asesifubeni. Ngemuva kwa mabhungane yi-convex, oblong. Izimpondo ezibunjiweyo ziyinto efana namakilabhu e-lamellar, okwaba yisizathu segama elijwayelekile labamele abomndeni wonke.

Ama-paws alezi zidalwa awekho mude, kepha aqine, acishe abe mnyama ngokufakwa komthunzi obomvu, futhi aqeda ngohlaka olugobile.

Ubhungane lukhetha izinkundla zokuphila impilo, luthanda izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, ukuhlangana ezifundeni eziningi ze-Eurasia, futhi kuvamile nasemazweni ase-Afrika. Isinambuzane esinjalo sikwazi ukumpande noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, kunalokho ezinzima, kepha lapho sikhetha khona, njengomthetho, amasayithi aseduze kokuhlala kwabantu.

Futhi kwakudalwa abantu lapho ibhungane lisakazeka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kuphela. Imvamisa izimbungulu ezinjalo zidonsa iso lezitshalo ezigawula imithi, zizalela ngempumelelo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo namapaki.

Ama-expanses aseRussia asesilingane nalokhu okudala cishe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuthi izifunda ezinokhahlo nezibandayo zifanelana kahle nemizimba yazo.

I-Rhinoceros imvamisa ingabonakala eduze kwamakhaya abantu.

Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, izidalwa ezinjalo ziyavikelwa. Ngokuqondene neRussian Federation, ezweni lokhu izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane akubhekwanga njengokungajwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, ku Red Book Rhinoceros Beetle noma kunjalo ibhaliwe, kepha kuphela kwezinye izindawo zesifundazwe sethu.

Inani lalezinambuzane likhulu kunalokho. Kodwa-ke, inani layo belinciphe muva nje. Isizathu sithathwa njengemisebenzi yabantu, kanye nezinguquko ezingathandeki zemvelo emhlabeni.

Lolu uhlobo lwezinambuzane olunama polymorphic kakhulu. Ubhungane oluchazwe ngenhla lutholakala emvelweni osondelene nathi kaningi futhi ngendlela ehlukile kubizwa ngokuthi i-Rhinoceros hollow. Kepha akukhona okuhlukile kuphela.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezimbungulu ezinjalo emvelweni. Kepha ukuhlonza kwabo kunzima ngenxa yokuhluka okukhulu kwezidalwa ezinjalo, ngisho naphakathi kwabantu abathile.

Lezi zidalwa ezinelukuluku zihluka kakhulu ngesimo sophondo (s) nomzimba, umbala nosayizi. Kepha abanye babo bafanelwe yincazelo ekhethekile.

• I-Hercules beetle iyisakhamuzi esifunda ezindaweni ezishisayo zezwekazi lase Melika kanye neziqhingi eziseduze. Ubukhulu balesi sinambuzane buhlaba umxhwele, bufika ku-17 cm kubamele abesilisa, kodwa obhejane bensikazi lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyingxenye yesayizi.

Ingaphambili lalesi sidalwa, kufaka phakathi nezimpondo ezinamazinyo, limnyama. Ingaphezulu lezimpondo, ngaphakathi embozwe izinwele obomvu obukhulu, liqondiswa phambili futhi ligobile phansi.

Enye, etholakala ngaphansi kweyokuqala, incane ngosayizi futhi inomgoqo ohlangothini oluhlukile. Ngemuva komzimba, noma kunalokho i-elytra yalesi sikhulu, iphuzi ngama-olive noma ama-brown hues, ngesinye isikhathi enamabala amnyama, ngokuya ngezinsizwa.

IHercules Beetle

• Ibhungane lobhejane laseJapan nalo linezimpondo ezimbili, elingaphezulu neliphansi, ngombala omnyama. Zigobile ngaphakathi, kepha isimo sazo sihluke ngokuphelele futhi zimfoloko ekugcineni, zifana nemfoloko eneminwe emibili. I-elytra yamabhungane anjalo imvamisa kakhulu iba bomvu.

Ibhungane lobhejane laseJapan, izimpondo ngesimo sezinqubo ezimbili rastroenny ekugcineni

• I-unicorn mabhungane uhlobo lweNyakatho Melika. Naphezu kwegama, empeleni linezimpondo ezingaphezulu kwezintathu. Ingaphezulu likhulu futhi liqondiswe phambili. Futhi ngezansi kunezinqubo ezimbili eziqondile, kepha zincanyana ngosayizi.

I-elytra yezidalwa ezinjalo ingaba nsundu ngombala ophuzi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani.

Unicorn mabhungane

• Ibhungane lendlovu. Abesilisa balolu hlobo baphinde banikezwe amasayizi ahlaba umxhwele. Futhi ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-12 cm. Kepha izimpondo zawo azimangalisa kangako. Eqinisweni, lezi zimane nje zingaphezu kwekhanda.

Esithombeni kukhona ibhungane lendlovu.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Amabhungane anjalo akhetha amahlathi atholakalayo osebeni lwemifula nangaphezulu kwamamitha, kanye namahlathi okutshala ama-steppe okuhlalwa kuwo. Imvamisa lezi zidalwa zigibela emgodini wezihlahla. Imvamisa bathola indawo yokukhosela emagangeni esihlahla nezinye izindawo ezifanayo, kwesinye isikhathi bacasha ngaphansi komhlaba.

Lezi zidalwa zenzeka nasezindaweni eziwugwadule lapho, njengasezindaweni ezisenyakatho, zifuna ukuhlala lapho kuhlala khona abantu.

Izinyosi zisebenzisa sonke isikhathi sasemakhamelweni, futhi zenze imisebenzi yazo ebalulekile ebusuku. Lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukundiza, futhi zikwenza kahle impela. Yize lokhu, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuphambene nemithetho yenyama. Kunezimo lapho izimbungulu ezinjalo zindizela khona kuChannel yesiNgisi, zephule ibanga ziye kumakhilomitha angamashumi amahlanu ngaphandle kokuphefumula.

Ubhungane lwaseRhinoceros lundiza amabanga amade

Ukundiza kwemigodi yobhejane kungabukwa phakathi nezinyanga ezinhlanu ezifudumele zonyaka, kwezinye izifunda lesi sikhathi sihlala kancane. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, amabhungane ajwayela ukuthola uthuli lomhlaba nomhlaba nophondo lwawo, abalekele ekujuleni okupholile kwamakhona ehlathi amaningi acashile.

Usongo kulezi zidalwa yizilwane ezingavikeleki, kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu, ezihlanganisa imidlwane, imfene nezinye. Futhi, ama-parasite amancane, ngokwesibonelo, imikhaza emincane, ebunjiwe yesolwandle, ivame ukufakwa ezinambuzaneni.

Futhi phakathi izibungu zezinambuzane ezichaziwe i-scoli enkulu ingabeka amaqanda ayo - isidalwa esiyizimbaza esigabeni sama-wasps amakhulu. Amawundlu akhe adla izibungu zezinambuzane ezikhubazekile ezingafakwa amandla ngunina, kanti zona kamuva azinalo ithuba lokusinda.

Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amabhungane, amagxolo ezihlahla kanye nezimbobo ezincane ezihlahleni kufanelekile

Izinhlobo zalezi zidalwa zisatshalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni futhi zithakazelisa kakhulu abantu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, kuncane okufundiwe. Izinganekwane zabantu abaningi zivame ukunika izidalwa ezinhle kangaka nge-aura yezimfihlakalo, ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni zithi zinamandla angaphezu kwavamile namandla.

Kukhona futhi okumbalwa okufuna ukuba nakho ibhungane lobhejane lasekhaya. Ngempela, lo ngummeli wokuqala wombuso wezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, isifiso sokusondela kuye futhi uqaphele indlela aziphatha ngayo siyaqondakala.

Kodwa-ke, amabhungane amadala awaphili isikhathi eside, kanti isifiso esiyisisekelo esisezingeni lokuphila kwabo okuvuthiwe ukuvuthwa, futhi nabamele ingxenye yengxenye yabesifazane - amaqanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zidalwa ziyalulama, ngokuya ngokufakwa kwemvelo, komunye umhlaba.

ngalokho okuqukethwe yibhungane lobhejane - Le nqubo ayimnandi futhi ayinazithelo zawo wonke umuntu, futhi ingathokozisa abalandeli abakhulu be-zoology kuphela.

Umsoco

Izibungu zalezi zidalwa zidla kakhulu ngokhuni olubolile; zingadla nomquba, umquba kanye nomquba. Ngokuphinda usebenzise kabusha imfucuza ngale ndlela, ngokungangabazeki lezi zidalwa zilusizo kuyo yonke imvelo ngokujwayelekile kanye nemisebenzi yezolimo yabantu.

Kwezinye izimo, izibungu zangempela zamabhungane zibangela inkathazo, zilimaza izimpande zezitshalo ezithile: izithombo ze-apricot, ukulunywa pink, nezivini ezinemihlathi enamandla ngesikhathi sokudla. Kepha lokhu akunobunzima besisindo. Futhi-ke, izinambuzane ezinjalo akuzona izinambuzane.

Ngabe udlani ubhungane obhejane?? Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngokwazi kwesayensi, abantu abadala abadli lutho, kodwa basebenzise amasheya abazitholile ngisho besesimweni se-larval. Ngakho-ke, abathandi bemvelo abafuna ukuzigcina ekhaya kudingeka bazi ukuthi abadingi ukondliwa nhlobo.

Futhi ukubeka izidalwa ezinjalo ku-aquarium, ungabuka kuphela ukunyakaza kwazo, okungewona neze umsebenzi othokozisayo.

Izibungu ziyinto ehluke ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukunakekela umsoco wazo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngosayizi mikhulu kakhulu kunamabhungane ngokwawo lapho esekhulile - cishe ayishumi, kwezinye izimo aze abe ngaphezu kwamasentimitha.

Futhi baphila iminyaka emithathu, kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka emine. Dlulisa izibungu ezitholakala ehlathini ziye ekhaya lakho ngokunakekelwa okukhulu. Uma le ndondo itholakala, ngokwesibonelo, esiqwini esibolile, kungcono ukusika ingxenye yayo bese ususa isidalwa osithandayo kanye naso, ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu ezithambile.

Okulandelayo, beka e-aquarium enomhlabathi omanzi ngempela. Okuphakelayo obhejane bhungane Ungasebenzisa izingcezu ezincane zama-apula noma ubhanana. I-Peat, ukubola kwezinkuni, ne-cellulose nazo zinikezwa ngempumelelo njengokudla okunempilo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, phakathi nenyanga, lesi sidalwa kufanele siguqulwe sibe yi-chrysalis.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Amaqanda avundisiwe alezi zidalwa zivame ukubekwa ezihlahleni zezihlahla ezibolile kahle ezimpondweni ezibolile, komquba nasemijondolo. Lapho eseqede le nqubo, insikazi, isiqede ngokuphelele isibopho sayo semvelo, iyafa.

Ngokhuni olubolile, izihlahla eziwile neziqu ezindala, izibungu zikhula ngendlela efanelekile, ezidonsa ukusuka emaqanda inyanga eyodwa emva kokuqala kokukhula.

Izibungu zikabhejane

Ezingangeni zomquba nomquba, imfucumfucu yezinkuni ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo ezibumbile, lezi zinambuzane zizalela kahle, futhi izibungu zazo ezinkulu, eziphuzi ezinomzimba obondayo ophelele zondla ngempumelelo isiza esiseduze nazo.

Esigabeni se-larval, isikhathi eside kunazo zonke empilweni yamabhungane, laba abamele umbuso wezinambuzane baneminyaka yobudala emine. Lapho-ke iba yi-pupae futhi ihlale ikulesi simo cishe inyanga, idlula enkathini ye-metamorphosis. Ngemuva kwayo, ukukhanya yisinambuzane esidala.

Amabhungane akhiwe akhona emhlabeni akusekho izinyanga ezintathu. Kepha le nkathi yesikhathi yanele ukuthola umbhangqwana ofanele futhi uhlanganyele ekuqhubekeni kohlobo. Futhi ngakho-ke lo mjikelezo uyenziwa.

Ubhungane beRhinoceros: incazelo

Ngokuyisisekelo, ezindaweni zethu ungathola ibhungane elijwayelekile lobhejane, elingelomndeni we-lamellar. Abantu abadala bakhula babe ngamasentimitha angama-4,5 futhi bahlukaniswa ngesimo somzimba esindilide nesinobumba. Umzimba wowesifazane nawo ukhulisiwe kancane. Ikhanda, maqondana nomzimba, alilikhulu, ngakho-ke isakhiwo salo somzimba silingana impela.

Uphondo lubekwa ekhanda lowesilisa, lubheke kancane futhi lugobeke emuva, futhi nokuthinta phezulu. Iplathibhi linxantathu ngesimo, emadodeni imbozwe amachashazi amaningi amancanyana. Kulokhu, amaphuzu ahlangana kwabesifazane, kepha hhayi abesilisa. Kwabesifazane, lokhu kuphuma kuncane, kugobekile emuva bese kumenyezelwa kwi-apex.

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abazi ngezinhloso zalolu phondo, ngoba uma kwenzeka ingozi ivele iwele phansi bese yenza sengathi ifile. Ngakho-ke, uphondo alusetshenziswa njengento yokuvikela. Umbala webhungane lobhejane mkhulu kangangokuba utholakala kalula phakathi kwamagatsha namaqabunga.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ubukhulu babantu abadala buhambisana nezimo zokuphila, kanye nombala wazo. Izinambuzane zabantu abadala, uma ziqhathaniswa nabantu abasha, zinamathoni amnyama nophondo olunamandla kakhudlwana. Abesilisa abancane abafani neze nabesifazane.

Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila

Endle, ibhungane lobhejane lingatholakala emahlathini acashile ezigodi ze-steppe nezindawo ezisehlathini. Azitholakali kuphela lapho kubanda kakhulu khona: kuyi-tundra nase-taiga. Ubhungane lweRhinoceros lwendawo yalo lukhetha izihlahla ezinjengalezi:

Leli bhungane lifaka amaqanda ezihlahleni zezihlahla, umquba, ezigxotsheni ezibolile kanye nezinqwaba zezinkuni. Ukwenza ihungane lobhejane elikhulile liqandwe eqandeni, lesi sinambuzane sidlulela ezigabeni eziningana zokukhula. Isigaba ngasinye siyahluka kwezinye izici zokuguqulwa komzimba nokuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ngemuva kokuthi insikazi ibeke iqanda, endaweni ethile, ngemuva kwenyanga, kuvela izibungu kubo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ehlobo. Isibungu sisesimweni lapho sidla khona ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izibungu zebhungane lobhejane zifinyelela kubude obu-8 cm. Zihlukaniswa ubukhona bemihlathi enamandla, ngenxa yalokho ezigebha ngemigudu emithini yezihlahla, ifinyelela kumitha eli-1 ukujula.

Izibungu zingaphila kuze kube yizinkathi ezi-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, angachitha kathathu. Ngemuva kwalokho uphenduka abe chrysalis. Esigabeni sabafundi, ibhungane lifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-30, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe ibhungane likabhejane abadala.

Ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, iminyaka yebhungane labantu abadala iqala futhi ihlale izinyanga ezi-3-5. Kwenye indawo ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, izimbungulu ziyanyamalala. Njengomthetho, amabhungane ahamba ebusuku, futhi uma azithola ekulesi simo sasemini, akhipha, ejulile ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphansi kokhuni.

Ngokwezinye izitatimende, ibhungane lobhejane alikwazi ukundiza, ngoba lokhu kungqubuzana nemithetho ye-aerodynamics. Eqinisweni, bayakwazi ukunqoba ngasikhathi sinye ukuya ku-50 km. Kuze kube manje, akekho ososayensi ongayembulela le mfihlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhungane liyakwazi ukuphakamisa isisindo amahlandla angama-850 ngaphezu kwaso.

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abazi ukuthi leli bhungane lidla yiphi iphethini nokuthi lifakiwe ini ekudleni kwalo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ibhungane alondli nhlobo, kodwa lisebenzisa izinto eziqokelelwa esigabeni sezibungu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ibhungane lobhejane alinazitho zomlomo ezithuthukisiwe, ezinamazinyo okusika, nezicubu zemisipha zingakhuli kahle. Leli qiniso libonisa ukuthi uma ibhungane lidla, khona-ke ukudla koketshezi.

Izitha zemvelo zamabhungane

Ibhungane lobhejane linokubukeka okwesabisayo, kodwa empeleni liyisidalwa esinokuthula okunokuthula. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ibhungane linezitha eziningi zemvelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi maqondana nezibungu zebhungane, ezihlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo obabazekayo. Iningi lezibungu zobhejane azinendaba nokudla, kufaka nezinyoni ezahlukahlukene. Emzimbeni wezibungu kungaba namagciwane ahlukahlukene ancela uketshezi kuwo. Izimbungulu ezinesikhonkwane zingatholakala kwizimbungulu zabantu abadala.

Kukholelwa ukuthi isitha sobhejane esiyingozi kunazo zonke ngumuntu obhubhisa ngokungafani nemvelo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, inani lezi zinambuzane ezithakazelayo lihlala lincipha. Ibhungane lobhejane libhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu njengohlobo olusongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngaphezu kwabantu, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela ongemuhle ezinambuzaneni.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza kwebhungane lobhejane

Ama-Rhinoceros mabhungane angatholakala kumquba, okuwumanyolo wemvelo wezingadi zasengadini. Lapha, izibungu zalesi sinambuzane esimangalisayo zihlala emanyolo. Izibungu zibeka ingozi ethile ezitshalweni zasengadini, ngoba zidla ngohlelo lwezimpande, zibhubhisa isitshalo. Izibungu zingabulala imbewu emvinini, kuma-roses, kulamula nakwezinye izilimo.

Impilo yalezi zinambuzane ifundwe, kepha ayikwanele, naphezu kwama-monographs amaningi, izindatshana namafilimu. Singasho ukuthi isayensi ayinayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nalezi zinambuzane. Ngokusekelwe kokunye ukuhlola, kungaphikiswa ukuthi ibhungane lobhejane linamakhono ahlukile. Ososayensi bakwazile ukufaka ama-elektrode ebuchosheni nasemisiphani, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukulawula ibhungane kusuka ngaphandle. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ufunde izindawo eziyingozi kubantu.

Abanye abantu bayakuthanda ukuqukatha izilwane ezahlukahlukene, izinyoni nezinambuzane ekhaya. Ibhungane laseRhinoceros liyahlukile futhi lingathengwa ezitolo zezilwane. Njengoba abesilisa benokubukeka okuhle, bayakuthanda. Inkinga kuphela ukuthi izimbungulu ziphila izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, futhi imibandela yokulungiswa kwayo kufanele ihambelane nemvelo.

Ukulwa nobhungane lobhejane

Ibhungane lobhejane libhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu, ngakho-ke libhekwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abalimi abaningi bazama ukuqeda izibungu zabo, ezingekho emcimbini wokudlela isivuno esizayo. Kulokhu, izindlela zobuntu ziyafaneleka impela ekulweni nalesi sinambuzane. Kwanele ukubamba amabhungane amadala ukuze angakwazi ukubeka amaqanda. Ungasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezicupho zalokhu.

Amakhemikhali

Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa ama-insecticides ngokumelene nobhungane lobhejane, kepha uma izimo zifuna lokho, ungasebenzisa:

Zonke izinto ezinobuthi zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka imishini yokuvikela umuntu uqobo. Noma kunjalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile, ngoba ibhungane lobhejane alisona isivakashi esivamile ezingadini zethu.

I-Rhinoceros mabhungane isinambuzane esiyingqayizivele esidinga ukuvikelwa kubantu, kodwa hhayi ukubhujiswa. Inani lalezinambuzane likhulu kangangokuba kungekudala ngeke sikwazi ukuhlangana naye, futhi ngemuva kwakho konke, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngaye. Ngemuva kokuthola lesi sinambuzane esiyingqayizivele endaweni yangakini, akufanele uphendukele ekubhujisweni ngaso leso sikhathi.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Photo: Isinambuzane bhungane lase Rhinoceros

Ubhejane ungowomndeni wezinambuzane ezi-lamellar. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo zazo ezinkulu: i-Australia, iJapan, ibhungane lendlovu, iNyakatho Melika, isiqhwaga, i-Asia nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Isayensi yazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane namakhulu amathathu alesi sinambuzane. Abamele babo bahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo ikakhulukazi.

Ividiyo: Rhinoceros Beetle

Ubhungane obhejane bunezici ezimbili ezihlukile. Owokuqala uphondo olubizwayo ekhanda labesilisa. Iqhutshelwa phezulu, iqinile ngokwanele, inamandla. Isici sesibili esibalulekile igobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous. Kuvikela ngokuthembekile ibhungane ezitheni. Ngaphandle kufana nezembatho zempi. Ngaphezu kokubukeka okungajwayelekile, ubukhulu obukhulu, obhejane kubhekwa njengesinye sezidalwa ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu, ngokweqiniso, kunikezwe usayizi wayo wangempela.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Isakhiwo se-aerodynamic somzimba walesi sinambuzane singabizwa ngokuphepha singafanele indiza. Kodwa-ke, ibhungane lobhejane alinendaba nemithetho yefiziksi. Akagcini nje ngokundiza, kepha uyakwazi ukunqoba amabanga amarekhodi emoyeni. Izimbungulu ezinjalo zinganqoba kalula ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu. Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa ososayensi futhi kwabhalwa njengomphumela wokuhlolwa.

Enye imfanelo enhle etholakala emndenini yikhono lokukhiqiza imali encane kagesi. Kwakheka emzimbeni webhungane sibonga ngamabhulashi akhethekile. Ngokushayisana, isitha singathola ukushaqeka kukagesi okuncane.

Izici zeRhino Beetle

Uphondo olugobile emuva ekhanda lesinambuzane luyinto ehlukile. Abesifazane banebhubhu elincanyana esikhundleni sophondo emakhaleni abo. Abesifazane nabo baba nosayizi omncane womzimba. Ukuthembela okuthakazayo kombala webhungane ngosayizi womzimba. Abantu abakhulu bavame ukuba mnyama ngombala.

Ngokuya kwezibalo ze-aerodynamics, kukholakala ukuthi ibhungane lobhejane alikwazi ukundiza. Kodwa-ke, indiza ngesimilo se-drone futhi inqoba amabanga afike ku-50 km.

Uphondo lobhejane lusetshenziselwa ukujwayeza ukwakheka futhi lunesakhiwo esimangalisayo. Ama-microparticles ahlukahlukene ezimpondo ahlukaniswa ukumelana kwe-semiconductor. Lolu uhlobo lwama-microcircuit adalwe yindalo. Amabhulashi wezinwele emapuletini angaphansi kwe-chitin ayakwazi ukulungisa imali ekhokhwayo. Lapho ibhungane elindizayo lishayisana nomuntu, kuzwakala ukungcola kukagesi.

Ubhungane babhejane baseJapan

Lapho kuhlala khona ibhungane lobhejane

Uhlobo lunendawo ebanzi, ngaphandle kwe-tundra. ENyakatho-mpumalanga yeTurkey, eNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu, eSoutheast Asia. ICaucasus, iCiscaucasia, iNyakatho neMpumalanga ye-Iran.

Izinhlobo eziyishumi zisatshalaliswa kabanzi. Ku-CIS, izinhlobo ezintathu zitholakala kusuka e-taiga kuya ogwadule. Uhla lwemvelo lwezinhlobo luyindawo yokuthatha ihlathi nokuyisisekelo sehlathi laseYurophu. Bahlala esigodini noma esigodini sesifufula. Izinhlobo zabonwa enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSiberia. ENingizimu Asia, ubhejane wesundu omkhulu uvamile, ulimaza isihlahla sikakhukhunathi.

Indlovu yendlovu

Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha

Isikhathi sasehlobo samabhungane sincike endaweni yokuhlala. Imvamisa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuye kuma-2-3 amashumi eminyaka kuJulayi, kuncane kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqala kwekwindla. Esikhathini sasemini, amabhungane afihla emhlabathini noma emigodini yezihlahla. Kuthandwa iWillow ne-oki. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, kuqala iminyaka, ehlala ubusuku bonke. Amabhungane akhangwa yimithombo yokukhanya okwenziwe ngobuciko.

Ukuzala amabhungane obhejane amangalisayo

Amabhungane weRhinoceros ayizilwane ezihlukanayo futhi azala ngocansi. Abesifazane banamaqanda emaqandeni abo. Amalunga ezinsikazi aqukethe uketshezi lwesiyingi.

Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ngemuva kokufakwa komanyolo obolile, iziqu zemithi, iziqu ezibolile, izinqwaba zokugoba nemfucumfucu. Isigaba seqanda sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-30. Izibungu eziqhamuka eqandeni zihlala ukuze ziphile kule ndawo engaphansi. Idla ngemikhiqizo yokuqothuka kwe-organic yeminyaka engu-3-4. Ibhungane lishiya indawo yalo yokuhlala ngaphandle kwemini.

Izibungu zobhejane zilimaza izitshalo zezolimo. Uma zilinyazwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo - ungalokothi ube yisivuno esihle.

Indlovu ibhungane - likhulu kunawo wonke amabhungane obhejane

Izitha zemvelo ngokwemvelo

Izitha zemvelo zamabhungane izinyoni, iminyovu enkulu, iminyovu (Scolia flavifrons haemorrhoidalis), izibungu ze-gamasid. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni zidla izimbungulu (ufishi, izinkuni ezinamabala, iqhude, amagwababa, amagagasi). Ama-Wasps scaly, aqinisa futhi ekhubaziza izibungu zamabhungane. I-scoli yesifazane yazisa ubuthi bayo futhi ibeke izibungu ezivela phezulu. I-scoli izibungu zidla kuhluzo lwamabhungane angenakufakelwa. Imikhaza igxabha kubantu abadala.

Kusetshenziswa kanjani umuntu

Ubhungane lukabhejane luphakamisa umthwalo ophindwe izikhathi ezingama-850 isisindo salo! EJapan naseChina, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezithombe ezikude zezinto ezisebenzisa amabhungane obhejane yashicilelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ividiyo namakhamera amancane amancane ananyathiselwa esiswini samabhungane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakwazile ukuzuza ukulawula komsakazo kwezimbungulu ezinjalo ezindizeni. Ososayensi bathole ama-elektroni ayisithupha ebuchosheni nasemisipha yebhungane. Ifakwe nge-microcontroller, isitholi sesiginali yomsakazo nebhethri. Umemukeli udlulisela amasiginali kuma-elektrofini. Ama-cyborg mabhungane anjalo angaba usizo ekutadisheni izindawo eziyingozi noma ezingafinyeleleki kubantu.

Izibungu zawo wonke amabhungane obhejane nawo awafani ngosayizi omncane.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ibhungane lobhejane alisona isilwane esihlukile, abaningi baqala ukuzigcina ekhaya. Isimo esiyinhloko sokulungiswa kwezindlu ukwakhiwa kwezimo eziseduzane nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo

Ngenxa yezizathu ezingacacile, inani lezinambuzane laqala ukwehla kakhulu. Imininingwane enembile ngalolu daba ayizange ishicilelwe. Kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Rhinoceros Beetle

Ubhungane lweRhinoceros lunezici ezilandelayo zangaphandle:

• Ubukhulu obukhulu. Isinambuzane singafinyelela ubude bama-millimitha angama-40. Amabhungane angamaduna akhulu kancane kunabesifazane.
• Uphondo lwesimilo. Lokhu kukhula kubizwa ngabesilisa. Kwabesifazane, kuncane, kufana ne-tubercle ejwayelekile. Futhi kwi-concotum yamabhungane kukhona ukuphakama okuguqukayo.
• Ikhanda elincane. Uphondo luhlala cishe lonke ikhanda labesilisa. Amabhungane anama-lobes wamehlo abanzi, umhlathi omkhulu ongenhla. I-nape ibushelelezi ikakhulu. Ngasohlangothini, ikhanda lesinambuzane limbozwe ngemibimbi ejulile.
• Isichasiselo somdlandla esibuthakathaka. Kwowesilisa, inezici ezinkulu. Ngemuva kwe-concotum yi-convex, inezifuba. Ngaphambili, kuthambile. Ubambo olwedlulayo lutholakala kwi-expression. Imvamisa inama-tubercles amathathu.
• I-Convex elytra. Ama-tuberle asehlombe akhuliswa ngokumangazayo kubo. I-Propigidium imbozwe imibimbi nezinwele.
• Imilenze eqinile, emifushane. Zisakazwa kabanzi. Ingaphambili lenzelwe ukumba, okuseleyo kusiza izinambuzane ukuhambahamba endaweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
• Umbala ongajwayelekile. Ibhungane laseRhinoceros liyizinambuzane ezinhle kakhulu. Umzimba wakhe ucwazimula lilanga. Iyakhazimula, inombala onsomi obomvu. Uhlangothi olungaphansi kuphela lomzimba luphuziwe kancani, lukhanya kakhulu kunaphezulu.
• Izibungu ezincanyana, ezakhiwe ngo-C. Inombala ophuzi-omhlophe, ubude bungafinyelela amasentimitha alishumi nanye.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimpondo ezikhulumayo ziyisici esiyinhloko samabhungane obhejane. Kepha inhloso yabo namanje abakwazi ukuchaza ososayensi. Kungabonakala ukuthi le yindlela enhle yokuzivikela noma yokuhlasela, kepha izinambuzane zihluke ngokuphelele engozini. Lapho behlangana nesitha, benza sengathi bafile ngaso leso sikhathi. Izimbungulu zigoqa ama-paws awo, qinisa izimpondo zazo, zisheshe ziwele phansi. Lapho bahlangana nenhlabathi, amagatsha, amaqabunga.

Ngabe udlani ubhungane obhejane?

Photo: Big Rhinoceros Beetle

Ukondleka kwebhungane lobhejane kubangela impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwezazi zesayensi yokuhlinzwa. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi emhlabeni abakwazi ukuvumelana ngombono ovamile. Kunezinguqulo ezimbili ngokudla kobhejane:

1. Ukudla kokudla kwakhe kufana nokudla kwebhungane eliyisidwaba. Iqembu elilodwa lama-entomologists ligcizelela ukuthi obhejane badla ujusi wezitshalo ezahlukahlukene: i-birch bark, i-oak, i-birch, i-willow. Lo mbono unobufakazi obuhlaba umxhwele. Amazinyo okusika kwesinambuzane akakhiwa kahle, umhlathi ongezansi umbozwe ngamabhulashi akhethekile. Ama-bristles akha isitho esivumela isilwane ukuthi sidle ujusi wemifino,
2. Ibhungane leRhinoceros alidli nhlobo. Lesi isithasiselo sesibili. Ithi izinambuzane esikhathini esidala azidli noma yikuphi ukudla. Idla izakhamzimba ezazinqwabelene esigabeni sezibungu. Lesi sitatimende sibuye sinobufakazi obukhona - lonke uhlelo lokugaya lwesinambuzane luthulisiwe.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu kokudla okuncane noma okushodayo, ubhungane lukabhejane uyindoda enamandla yangempela. Ungaphakamisa izinsimbi ezidlula izikhathi zakhe ezingama-800. Leli khono elimangalisayo limenze waduma futhi athandwa emhlabeni wonke. Ibhungane elinamandla livame ukuwela embozweni yezincwadi ezahlukahlukene zesayensi nezinye ezinyathelisiwe.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Bhungane lesinambuzane

Naphezu kokusakazeka nokuthandwa kwaleli bhungane elinamandla, isimilo salo nendlela yalo yokuphila akukaze kufundwe kabanzi ngososayensi. Amaqiniso ambalwa ayisisekelo aziwa ngokuqinisekile. Ngakho-ke, indawo engokwemvelo yalezi zinambuzane ihlathi elinobubanzi obukhulu, ihlathi-isisekelo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sekuphawuliwe ngenhla, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amalungu amaningi omndeni athole enye indawo - ogwadule, izindawo ezima-steppe ezinamahlamvu okutshala okwenziwe ngawo.

Ama-Rhinoceros mabhungane aqala ukukhombisa imisebenzi yawo engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi. Zithathelwe esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Isikhathi sokundiza cishe siyizinyanga ezinhlanu. Esikhathini sasemini, lezi zinambuzane zivame ukuchitha endaweni yokukhosela. Imifantu emikhulu ezihlahleni, imigodi ezimpandeni, imigodi engaphansi komhlaba ingadlala indima yayo. Lapho izilwane ziphumula. Izinyosi zishiya amakhaya azo kusihlwa.

Isimo sebhhungane lobhejane sinokuthula. Lesi sinambuzane kasihlaseli. Ayiluma futhi ayikwazi ukulimaza umuntu noma esinye isilwane. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, obhejane bakhetha ukufihla noma ukwenza sengathi ufile. Izinyosi zizama ukumba ngokushesha emhlabathini. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke bakhombisa ngokuqiniseka ngokwabo ukubulawa kwabo: bawa ngokushesha, bacindezela ama-paws abo kanye ne-antennae.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Rhino Beetle from the Red Book

Ama-Rhinoceros mabhungane azalela ngesikhathi esishisayo. Lapho esezitholele umbhangqwana ofanele, owesilisa ufaka insikazi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, insikazi iqala ukufuna indawo efanelekayo yokuphelelwa indawo okwenziwa kuyo i-oviposition.

Ikulungele kakhulu lokhu:

• umquba wakudala
• iziqu ezibolile
• udoti
• iziqu zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene.

Amaqanda angaphansi kokukhula cishe inyanga eyodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho baphenduka izibungu. Izibungu ziyavuthwa ehlobo. Uqala ukudla ngenkuthalo, mkhulu impela futhi unempilo enhle. Izibungu zidla ekudleni okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo, izinsalela zezihlahla ezibolayo. Ngokuvamile izibungu zilimaza izitshalo ngokuququda uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande. Isigaba se-larval sithatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili - lesi isikhathi eside kunazo zonke empilweni kabhejane. Isikhathi saso sincike ngokuphelele kwikhwalithi yokudla, isifunda sesilwane.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ubhejane besifazane abaze babeke amaqanda eziqwini zezihlahla ze-coniferous noma zamawolintshi.

Lokhu kulandelwa yisikhathi sokuhlwatshwa. Unodoli uya ngokuya ngokuya njengebhungane lobhejane elikhulile. Ekuqaleni ibphuzi elikhanyayo, bese kuba yi-brown hue. Ubhungane lobhejane uphila ngenhloso yokuthi ashiye inzalo entsha. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuphila komuntu omdala sifushane - kuphela amasonto ambalwa. Kuyaqabukela, ifinyelela enyangeni eyodwa.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Rhinoceros mabhungane besilisa

Phezu kokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zamabhungane obhejane, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kabanzi emhlabeni, lesi yisinambuzane, inani labantu abahlala emazweni amaningi liyancipha. Kwamanye amazwe, obhejane ubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu futhi uvikelwe ngumthetho. Le nhlobo isindiswa ekuqothulweni kuphela ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zamabhungane obhejane, isifiso sabo semvelo esiphakeme sokushiya inzalo emva kwabo, nokuzala okuhle.

Ukuqothulwa okuhamba kancane kodwa okuqinile kwalo mndeni kungenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Le yinkinga yomhlaba wonke ethinta kabi inani labantu bazo zonke izinambuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane. Ikakhulu inkinga enkulu yokungcoliswa kukadoti wasendlini kwamahlathi aqinile,
• Kususwa izihlahla ezindala. Iziqu ezindala zokhuni ziyindawo yemvelo, ukudla kwezibungu zobhejane. Uma zincipha izihlahla ezindala, kuncipha kakhulu izinambuzane ukushiya inzalo,
• Ukomiswa kwamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphisweni kwezindawo lapho izinambuzane zingahlala futhi zizale,
• Ukulimala ngenhloso komuntu. Lokhu kukhathaza inkinga yokubamba izinambuzane ezinhle, ezingandile ngamaqoqo asekhaya. Futhi abanye abantu babulala amabhele abantu abadala ukuze bazijabulise.

Ukuvikelwa kweRhino Beetle

Photo: Rhino Beetle Red Book

Ibhungane lobhejane libhalwe ezincwadini eziningana Eziyibomvu Zezincwadi zaseRussia. Ikakhulu, ugadiwe eLipetsk, eLeningrad, e-Astrakhan, kwezinye izindawo eziningi.Futhi, lesi sinambuzane sivikelwe ngumthetho eSlovakia, ePoland, eCzech Republic, eMoldova.

Ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lezinambuzane kwenzeka hhayi nje ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo nokukhiqizwa kwamahlathi amaningi. Iningi lamabhungane obhejane abulawa ama-insecticides asetshenziswa kwezolimo nakumahlathi. Izibungu eziningi ziyafa ngesikhathi sokuchitheka komquba emasimini, kusukela ekusebenziseni kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, kusuka ekunciphiseni kwenani lamasheya ezitolo.

Ukunqanda ukubulawa kwa mabhungane obhejane, abantu kudingeka bahlaziye inqubo yokuqhuba imisebenzi yezolimo neyamahlathi, bayeke ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu futhi baqale ukuhlela amahlathi amasha. Umbuso ubophekile ukuvikela izindawo zemvelo zalezi zilwane, ukudala izimo ezidingekayo empilweni yazo nokuzalanisa ngempumelelo. Emazweni nasezifundeni lapho amabhungane obhejane ebhalwe khona ezincwadini ezibomvu, lezo zinyathelo sezivele zithathwe kancane noma zenziwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, muva nje, lesi sinambuzane sikhishwe ku-Red Book kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia. Lesi simo ngeke sithokoze.

Ubhungane lweRhinoceros - isinambuzane esiqinile, esihle, kodwa esifushane. Umuntu omdala uhlala amasonto ambalwa nje. Leli bhungane lingabizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomndeni wama-lamellar. Isibalo sawo siyehla kancane futhi sidinga ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo zokusebenza kwezinye izifundazwe.