Umlayezo isifuba Meyi 09, 2012 11:36 AM

Imininingwane kawonkewonke yeBeaufortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis):

Umndeni: Balitoridae
Umsuka: China, Vietnam, Laos, Borneo
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 20-23
Umswakama: 7.0-8.0
Ubulukhuni: 3-12
Umkhawulo wosayizi we-Aquarium: 7
Ingqimba yendawo yokuhlala: Phansi
Inani eliphansi elinconyiwe le-aquarium kumuntu 1 omdala: hhayi ngaphansi kwamalitha angama-50

Eminye imininingwane ngeBefortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis):

Isingeniso

I-Befortia aquarium fish idonsa ngokusuka kwayo. Kokuphuma kwayo, kubukeka njenge-founder noma i-stingray. Kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa “ngerempu lamanga”.

Igama lezinhlanzi ngesiLatini yiBeaufortia kuichowensis noma iBeaufortia leveretti, imithombo yangaphambili ebize lesi sidalwa ngokuthi yiGastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis. Kungokokuqala ukuthi incazelo ye-befortia ibhebhetheke ngo-1931, bathola inhlanzi eMfuleni i-Hi Jang, etholakala eningizimu yeChina. Izindawo zokuhlala kwezinhlanzi zakhiwe ngezimboni futhi zakhiwe kahle, ezithinta kabi ikhwalithi yemvelo futhi zibeka engcupheni ubukhona befortias. Kepha lezi zinhlanzi azikabhalwa ku-Red Red International.

Umbala oyinhloko womzimba we-befortia onsundu okhanyayo, amabala amnyama asakazeka ngokungahleliwe kuwo wonke umzimba. Umngcele walezo zindawo udlula ngasemaphethelweni ezithelo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, inhlanzi ihlala emanzini ngesivinini esisheshayo. IBefortias ibhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi yilokhu okubavumela ukuba babalekele izitha ezinkulu.

AmaBefortias, ahlala ezimweni zemvelo, akhula abe ngosayizi we-8 cm, ubude be-aquarium specimens ngokuvamile abubuncane. Ngokuqukethwe okuhle, lezi zinhlanzi ziphila iminyaka eyi-8.

Ukubukeka: usayizi, umbala, imodi yokuhamba

Eqinisweni, i-befortia akuyona imango, kepha inhlanzi evela ku-carp. Ukuzihlanganisa kwama-stingrays noma ama-flounders kuyaqondakala - le nhlobo ayinazikali ekhanda nasemzimbeni ophansi, kepha kunamaphinipthi we-voltous pectoral impela. Esiswini kukhona indebe yokudonsa eyakhiwa ngamaphinifa wesisu kanye nesisu. Kuyasiza ukuhlala ezansi ngisho nokugeleza okushesha kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zibonakala zide futhi zithambile kancane.

Ngobude, ayidluli ku-8-10 cm (futhi ekuthunjweni - 6-8 cm). Akukho mehluko okhethekile phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngaphandle kokuthi into eyingqayizivele ingaba ne-1-2 cm. Befortias ukuhambisa funny kakhulu. Kubonakala sengathi ziyafenda, ziyagoba kancane.

Umzimba walezi zakhamuzi zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi ungumbala onsundu (kwesinye isikhathi ungwevu), umbozwe izindawo eziningi ezimnyama ezimnyama. Zitholakala ngokungahleliwe, kepha emaphethelweni ezinsephe angazigoqa emgqeni. Umbala onjalo othabile wenzelwe ukuze ama-pseudoscats angabonakali ezinyoni ezizingelayo. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, inhlanzi ingaphila iminyaka eyi-7-8.

I-Aquarium

Ukugcina umhlambi wama-befortias amathathu, udinga i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100. Lezi zinhlanzi ikakhulukazi zihlala endaweni eseduze-ezansi, ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nokuningi kwayo. Kungcono ukuthenga i-aquarium enxande. Ukugeleza kwamanzi ku-aquarium kuqinisekiswa ngesihlungi esinamandla. Ukucebisa amanzi nge-oxygen, i-compressor ibekwa emanzini.

Indawo yokuhlala nge-befortium kumele ibe nesimbozo sokuphefumula ukuze i-befortium ingagxili ngaphandle futhi ife.

I-aquarium ene-befortias igcwele ngamanzi athambileko okusabela okune-asidi. Izinga lokushisa lemvelo yasemanzini akufanele lidlule ama-degree angama-20-23: izinto ezifikayo endalweni zihlala emanzini apholile futhi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe. Ngenkathi eshisayo, amanzi asemanzini kufanele apholisiswe.

Inhlabathi nokuhlobisa

Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium enama-befortias embozwe ngesihlabathi noma amatshe amahle. Isimanga sezinhlanzi ukuthi umzimba wayo awunazikali nakancane. Futhi-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinhlayiya zenhlabathi zingaqukeli izinhlungu ezibukhali kanti nezinhlanzi azilimalanga.

I-aquarium ihlotshiswe ngemigibe, ngozalo kanye nemihume, kuhlalwa kuyo ama-algae. I-Befortias iyakuthokozela ukuphatha izitshalo ngenjabulo, kepha ayilimazi kangako.

Ukukhanyiswa akubalulekile kangako ezinhlanzini ngokwazo (zithanda ukuhlwa kwendawo ephansi), kodwa ukukhula kwe-algae.

Ungayondla kanjani i-befortium?

I-Beforia i-emnivorous, njengezinhlanzi eziningi ze-aquarium. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lezi zinhlanzi zidla i-algae nama-microorganisms ahlala emanzini. I-Aquarium befortia idonsa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. Bondliwe abasebenza ngombhobho, i-artemia, i-bloodworm kanye ne-daphnia. Kunconywa izithasiselo zemifino (zucchini noma ikhukhamba).

I-Befortium yondliwa nsuku zonke ngezingxenye ezincane. Ukudla kwezinhlanzi kufanele kube okunempilo, okulinganiselayo nokuhlukahlukene ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zithole izinto ezinempilo ekudleni ngamanani adingekayo.

Unghlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesifazane?

Abantu beforthia bobulili obuhlukile bahlukaniswa ukwakheka kwekhanda nomzimba. Kubonakala ngokucacile ngenhla ukuthi insikazi igcwele kunowesilisa. Isidumbu sowesilisa sincane futhi sinemisipha.

Ngaphansi kwekhanda, ikhanda lowesilisa libukeka likhudlwana futhi lifana nesikwele esisesimweni.

Abantu abathandana nobungqingili bahlukile esimweni samaphinifa we-pectoral: kowesilisa, inhlawulo yephisikhili iyimbali ekhanda, kowesifazane, inhlama isuka ekhanda, yakha i-angle yokuvuma. Izinsikazi zitholakala lapho ikhanda lidlula kahle lingene emzimbeni, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa okwezinso.

Ukuzala ama-befortias

Akukatholakali imininingwane eyanele yokuthi ama-befortias azalaniswa kanjani emanzini. Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi ezithunjiwe azizali nhlobo. Lezo zinhlobo ezitholakala ezitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo zitholakala kakhulu kubanjwa ezitolo zemvelo.

Izifo ze-Befortium

I-Morbidity of befortias ihlotshaniswa nezici zesakhiwo sabo. Umzimba walezi zinhlanzi awunazikali futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzilimaza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi baphawula ukuzwela kwezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa kanye nomanyolo. Ukudlula kokugcotshwa kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali kubangela ukufa kwe-befortium. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi noma ukondla izitshalo ze-aquarium, thinta uchwepheshe.

Uma kulimala noma ezinye izinkinga nge-befortia, inhlanzi enesifo kufanele ithunyelwe e-aquarium ehlukile ukuthola ukwelashwa nokubhekwa.

Ukuhlukaniswa kuyadingeka inhlanzi ngayinye entsha. Ngokushesha emva kokutholwa, i-befortium ibekwa esitsheni esinezimo eziseduze nemvelo. Lokhu kusiza izinhlanzi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ziqhubekela ku-aquarium ejwayelekile.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• I-Befortia iyakwazi ukushintsha umbala womzimba ngokuya ngesizinda (kungaba yi-beige elula noma icishe ibe mnyama). Lokhu kulula ukubona ukuthi amatshe ayimibala eminingi abekwe phansi ngaphansi kwe-aquarium.
• Ethuke kakhulu, i-befortia ilahlekelwa umbala ngokuphelele - umbala wayo uba ukukhanya futhi amabala acishe angabonakali. Inhlanzi iyaqina ngisho noma ithukuthele kakhulu. Ku-befor ethukuthele, imivimbo emnyama ivela emgogodleni nasemaphethelweni ezithelo.
• I-Befortia izidalwa ezinokuthula. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, izinhlanzi zimane zisabalalisa amaphiko azo - leyo yindlela abona ngayo ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo ngesikhathi sokukhonjiswa kwenhlaba. Akunakubangela ukulimaza esitha, ngoba imizimba yazo namaphiko zingenawo amathambo emathambo

Ukuphila endalweni

UBefortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis, owayekade eyiGastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis) wachazwa nguFang ngo-1931. Ukuphila eSoutheast Asia, Hong Kong.

Kutholakala futhi emfuleni i-Hee Jang eningizimu yeChina, esifundeni iGuanghi Autonomous kanye neSifundazwe saseGuangdong. Lezi zindawo zase China zinezimboni kakhulu, futhi zingcolile. Futhi indawo yokuhlala isengozini. Kodwa-ke, akubaliwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba.

Zihlala emvelweni emifudlaneni nasezifuleni ezincane, ezigeleza ngokushesha. Umhlabathi uvame ukuba nesihlabathi namatshe - indawo ebushelelezi kanye ne-cobblestone. Imifino ilinganiselwe kakhulu ngenxa yokugeleza nenhlabathi enzima. Ngaphansi kuvame ukumbozwa ngamahlamvu awile.

Njengama -uno amaningi, athande amanzi amaningi komoya-mpilo. Emvelweni, adla ku-algae kanye nama-microorganisms.

I-Aquarium ilingisa indawo yemvelo ye-befortia. Kuyafaneleka ukubukwa!

Incazelo

Inhlanzi ingakhula ibe ngosayizi ongu-8 cm, noma imvamisa emincane emanzini, futhi iphila iminyaka eyi-8. Loin ithambile ngesisu, iphansi futhi impela ifana ne-founder.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-befortia iyi-catfish, kepha-ke, imele i-loachweed. Umzimba onsundu okhanyayo onamabala amnyama. Kunzima ukuchaza, kungcono ukuyibona kanye.

Ubunzima kokuqukethwe

Le loach ingaba lukhuni uma igcinwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, ayinconyelwanga kubaqalayo, ngenxa yokucacisa kwayo amanzi ahlanzekile nokushisa okuphansi nangenxa yokuntuleka kwesikali.

Kungukungabikho kwesikali okwenza i-befortia izwakale kakhulu kwizifo nakwizidakamizwa zokwelashwa.

Le yinhlanzi elukhuni engagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile. Kepha, inqobo nje ukuthi ungumhlali wamanzi apholile futhi asheshayo, kungcono ukuphinda indawo yakhe yemvelo.

Ukugeleza kwamanzi okunamandla, izindawo zokukhosela eziningi, amatshe, izitshalo kanye ne-driftwood yilokho okudingwa yi-befortia.

Udla i-algae ne-plaque ematsheni, engilazini nasekuhlobiseni. I-Flocking ngokwemvelo, iyayithanda inkampani futhi kufanele igcinwe eqenjini labantu abahlanu kuya kwabayisikhombisa, abathathu inani eliphansi.

UKUPHILA KULULA

UBefortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis, owayekade eyiGastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis) wachazwa nguFang ngo-1931. Ukuphila eSoutheast Asia, Hong Kong. Kutholakala futhi emfuleni i-Hee Jang eningizimu yeChina, esifundeni iGuanghi Autonomous kanye neSifundazwe saseGuangdong. Lezi zindawo zase China zinezimboni kakhulu, futhi zingcolile. Futhi indawo yokuhlala ye-befortia isengozini. Kodwa-ke, akubaliwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba.
Emvelweni, ama-befortia ahlala emifudlaneni emincane nemifudlana egeleza ngokushesha. Umhlabathi uvame ukuba nesihlabathi namatshe - indawo ebushelelezi kanye ne-cobblestone. Imifino ilinganiselwe kakhulu ngenxa yokugeleza nenhlabathi enzima. Ngaphansi kuvame ukumbozwa ngamahlamvu awile. Njengama -uno amaningi, athande amanzi amaningi komoya-mpilo. Emvelweni, adla ku-algae kanye nama-microorganisms.

I-Aquarium ilingisa indawo yemvelo ye-befortia. Kuyafaneleka ukubukwa!

Ukondla

Inhlanzi iyamangaza, emvelweni idla kuma-algae kanye namagciwane. I-aquarium inazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okubukhoma, amaphilisi, okusanhlamvu kanye ne-algae. Kukhona nokudla okubukhoma eqandisiwe.

Ukuze aphile kahle, kungcono ukuzondla ngamathebuleti asezingeni eliphakeme noma okusanhlamvu nsuku zonke.

Njalo udinga ukwengeza ama-bloodworms, i-artemia, ishubhu, udaphnia kanye nemifino, isibonelo, ikhukhamba noma i-zucchini ekudleni.

Kakhulu bangabantu abahlala ezansi, kepha uzobabona odongeni lwe-aquarium, bedla okumnandi. Ukulungiswa, udinga i-aquarium ephakathi nendawo (ukusuka kumalitha ayi-100), enezitshalo nezindawo zokukhosela, ezinjenge-driftwood, amadwala, imihume.

Inhlabathi - isihlabathi noma amatshe ahlanzekile anemiphetho ebukhali.

Amapharamitha wamanzi angahluka, kepha angcono amanzi athambile, acwebile. Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu ukushisa okungu-20-23 ° C. AmaBefortians ayizakhamizi zamanzi apholile futhi ampofu kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke ekushiseni, amanzi adinga ukuqalwa.

Amapharamitha wamanzi: ph 6.5-7.5, ubunzima be-5 - 10 dGH.

Ipharamitha yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu ingamanzi ahlanzekile, acebile oksijini, onamandla wamanje. Kuhle ukukhiqiza kabusha izimo ku-aquarium ezikhumbuza kakhulu zemvelo.

I-solid yamanje, ungakha usebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla, kubalulekile ukuthi ungafaki umtshingo, okuwukuthi ukuphinda ukugeleza kwamanzi. Okwakhe, njengazo zonke izinkalo, udinga inqwaba yezindawo zokukhosela ezingenziwa ngamatshe nezibambo.

Isibani esikhanyayo siyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-algae, kepha izindawo ezinombala nazo ziyadingeka. Izitshalo aziyona ejwayelekile e-aquarium enjalo, kodwa kungcono ukuzitshala e-aquarium.

Kubalulekile ukuvala i-aquarium ngokuqinile, njengoba izinhlanzi zingaphunyuka kuwo futhi zife.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqukethe i-befortium eqenjini. Okungenani abantu abane kuya kwabayisihlanu. Iqembu lizodalula ukusebenza kwalo, zizofihla okuncane, futhi uzobona okukodwa noma okubili ngesikhathi sokudla.

Futhi uthakazelisa kakhulu ukuzibuka. Thatha okukodwa noma okubili - kunethuba elihle lokuthi uzobabona kuphela ekondleni. Izinhlanzi zezwe, kungaba nezikebhe nokulwa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesilisa.

Kepha azibangeli ukulimala komunye nomunye, zimane zixoshe umuntu ancintisana naye kude nensimu yakhe.

Izici zangaphandle

Umzimba wazo zonke izinhlobo zama-pseudo-skates uguqulwa ukuze izinhlanzi zisheshe lapho zigeleza kumatshe abushelelezi noma emafulethini. Emizimbeni yabo kukhona i-sucker enkulu, yakheka ngosizo lwamaphinifa we-pectoral kanye nesisu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-pseudoscopes anganamathela endaweni ehlukile ngokuphelele nomzimba wonke. Imilomo yabo iphansi, iphakanyiswe kancane.

Umbala womzimba befortias onsundu onsundu, kuyo yonke indawo yomzimba ungabona izindawo ezimnyama ezihlakazeke ngasese. Ngobude, le nhlanzi ingafinyelela ku-8 cm, noma kunjalo, ekhaya, ingaba yincane ngisho nangaphansi.

Ngokubukeka seville Ifana kakhulu ne-befortia (kanye ne-gastromizon), inombala onsundu womzimba, imbozwe izindawo ezimnyama, ihlukaniswa kuphela ngumzimba omkhulu.

Umzimba gastromizon uthotshisiwe futhi wacaba, ngenxa yalokhu waba negama lesibili - inhlanzi-isiginci. Amaphiko alo makhulu ngosayizi, ayindilinga ngesimo. Futhi, ikhanda linomumo oyindilinga, uthambile kancane, lidlulela kahle kwizithambo ezisesifubeni, zona-ke, zingamaphini asesiswini. Eduze nomsila, umzimba uba mncane. Umbala uyafana nakwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili. Akukho sikalo ekhanda nesisu.

Ngokwemibandela yokuboshwa, zonke izinhlobo ze-pseudoscats ziyefana kakhulu, kepha kunomehluko.

Befortia. Ngale nhlanzi ye-aquarium, kungakuhle ukuthi uthenge i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Esembozweni se-aquarium nangaphezulu kwezindonga zawo, udinga ukwenza izinhlangothi ezincane ukuze izinhlanzi zingaphunyuki ethangini. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi e-aquarium kufanele ligcinwe ngaphakathi kwama-degree angama-20 - 23 Celsius, ubunzima kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10, kanye ne-acidity ebangeni le-6.5-7.5 pH. Lezi zinhlanzi azikwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lamanzi, ngakho-ke amanzi kufanele apholile ngenkathi esishisayo. Amanzi we-Aquarium kufanele ahlanzeke ngaso sonke isikhathi, aqukethe i-oksijini eningi futhi abe nokugeleza okunamandla. Ukuqinisekisa konke lokhu, kufanele kuthengwe isihlungi esinamandla ku-aquarium.

Ukukhanyisa i-aquarium kufanele kube okugqamile (lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwe-algae), noma kunjalo, udinga ukudala izindawo eziningana ngesithunzi. Isihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe amancanyana anemiphetho ebushelelezi kufanele asetshenziswe njengomhlabathi. Ama-Driftwood ahlukahlukene, imihume nama-grottoes ahlukahlukene angasebenza njengokuhlobisa i-aquarium. Izitshalo zingatshalwa ngentando, noma kunjalo, kufanele zibe namaqabunga abanzi.

I-Sevelia. I-aquarium yale pseudo-slope kufanele ibe yinkulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zezinto, ngoba i-seville yona inkulu kunezinye zayo. Umthamo wayo ungaqala kusuka kumalitha ayi-150 kuya kwangama-400.

Izinhlaka zamanzi zimi ngalendlela elandelayo: izinga lokushisa 20-25 ° C, ubulukhuni 2-12, acidity - 6.5-7.5 pH. Amanzi we-Aquarium kufanele agcwale kahle umoya-mpilo futhi ahlanzwa kahle ngesihlungi. Amaphesenti angama-30 amanzi aphelele kufanele afakwe esikhundleni maviki onke. Inhlabathi ngamatshe amatshe abushelelezi. Njengomhlobiso, ungabeka amatshe ayicaba phansi. Kufanele kutshalwe amasayizi amakhulu kuphela kusuka ezitshalweni, isibonelo, ama-anubias noma i-cryptocoryne, abekwa kahle ezimbizeni.

I-Gastromizon. Lolu hlobo lwama-pseudoscats luyathandeka ukuqukatha emihlanjini emincane yezinhlanzi ezi-2-4. Kumhlambi onjalo wama-gastromysons, kudingeka idamu lamalitha angama-60 noma ngaphezulu. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke, futhi amatshe ayizicaba kufanele abekwe phezu kwawo. Basebenzisa izitshalo ukwenza kube lula ukuzulazula, ngakho-ke kulezi zinhlanzi kufanele futhi uthenge izitshalo ezinkulu nezinamandla (ezifanayo ne- Sevelia).

Uma ufaka inhlabathi ye-aquarium enemibala ehlukahlukene nemithunzi, khona-ke izinhlanzi zizoqala ukuguqula umbala wazo kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lomhlabathi oluseduze kwazo. Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo ze-stingray yamanga, amanzi kufanele agcinwe ehlanzekile, egcwele kahle umoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke i-aquarium kufanele ifakwe isihlungi ne-compressor enamandla. Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele abe ngale ndlela elandelayo: amazinga okushisa angama-22-25 degrees, ubunzima be-10-15, kanye ne-acidity kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-7.5 pH.

Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi

Befortium Kungcono ukugcina ezikoleni, kusuka kwezinhlanzi ezi-3 kuye kwezingu-7 e-aquarium eyodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho azifihli kaningi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuba mnandi kakhulu ukuzibona.Ziyizinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula, ezolile, ngakho-ke zihlangana kahle nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezikhetha amanzi afanayo apholile, ngokugeleza okusheshayo. Azizisongeli kuFry.

To I-Sevelia izinhlanzi ezincane nezingenalo ulaka kufanele ziboshwe, ngokwesibonelo, amakhadinali, gourami osayizi abancane. Kungenzeka ukuthi uwaqukathe ngezitena ezinkulu, i-discus, i-aravan.

Ama-Gastromysones Ngendlela efanayo ingahlanganiswa nezinhlanzi ezinokuthula ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ngisho nefry. Kodwa-ke, akufanele zibekwe ku-aquarium efanayo nezinhlanzi ezidlayo, ngoba lapho-ke ziyoba yisisulu.

Ungawuthola kanjani ubulili

Ukwehluka kobulili ku befortium akuvezwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ubulili babo. Kunombono wokuthi abesilisa bangaphezu kwabesifazane.

Thola ubulili Seville okulula okuncane: abesilisa banombala ogqamile kunowesifazane, mncane futhi alula.

Hlukanisa abesifazane kusuka kwabesilisa ku gastromizon kungenzeka futhi: abesilisa baboniswa ngosayizi omkhulu.

Ubunzima bokugcina befortia e-aquarium

Emvelweni, lezi zidalwa zihlala emhlambini omncane, ngakho-ke kufanele zethulwe ku-aquarium ngabantu abangu-5-7. IVolumu yeta tank enconyiwe - isuka ku-100 l. Okufuneka kuqala: i-aquarium kumele imbozwe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane sakho sizokwazi ukuphuma kuso, "sikhasa" eceleni kwezindonga. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi akufanele lidlule ku-23 ° C (okuhle kunakho konke - 20-22 ° C). Lezi zinhlanzi azikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme, ngakho-ke ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasehlobo amanzi kuzofanele ahlale ephola. Izinkomba ezifiselekayo zokuqina kwe-acidity namanzi yi-6.5-7.5 no-10-15, ngokulandelana.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukudala wamanje wamandla emanzini, ngakho-ke abazalisi bazodinga isihlungi esinamandla. Izinguquko zamanzi kanye nokusiza amanzi kufanele zenziwe njalo. Njengomhlabathi, ungasebenzisa isihlabathi noma amatshe amahle (okugcina akufanele kube nemiphetho ebukhali engadotshwa yinhlanzi). Kuyalule futhi ukuthi ungeze i-algae ku-aquarium - ama-pseudoscats ajabule ukuthi uwafake ekudleni kwawo. Ukukhula okungcono kwe-algae, kunconyelwa ukukhanyisa i-aquarium ngokugqamile. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi ushiye izindawo eziningana ezimnyama lapho okungahle kufihlwe khona.

Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium kuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngemigqa, amatshe noma izinqaba; kufakwa imihume emincane eminingana lapho ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo ziphephe kuzo. Ungatshala izitshalo ezincane ezimbalwa ezinamaqabunga amakhulu abanzi.

Ukuvumelana: sikhetha omakhelwane

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqukethe i-befortium nezinhlanzi ezincane ezolile. Omakhelwane abahle kubo bazoba:

Ama-pseudoscats awona olaka futhi angeke alimaze ngisho nefry yezinye izinhlanzi. Bazolile futhi banokuthula, abalwi, ulaka olukhulu, lapho bezama ukuxosha ophikisayo endaweni yabo. Ama-pseudoscats awazami ukuluma noma ukukhubazeka omunye nomunye, azama ukwesabisa isitha, esakaza amaphiko awo kabanzi. Ukubukeka kwabo kuzoba namandla amakhulu, kepha ngeke bakwazi ukwenza ukulimala okubonakalayo kube yi-befortium. Kepha omakhelwane abanolaka (ngokwesibonelo, izisulu ezinkulu), ngokuphambene nalokho, bangazilimaza kakhulu lezi zilwane ezithanda ukuthula. Kuzoba nzima ngabo ukuthi bazivikele, ukuthi le nhlanzi ayinakho ukuphela kwamathambo emzimbeni namapheya.

ISIHLOKO

Izinhlanzi zeBefortia zingakhula zibe ngosayizi wama-8 cm, yize zivame ukuba zincane emanzini futhi ziphila zize zifike eminyakeni eyi-8. Loin ithambile ngesisu, iphansi futhi impela ifana ne-founder. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-befortia iyi-catfish, kepha-ke, imele i-loachweed. Umzimba onsundu okhanyayo onamabala amnyama. Kunzima ukuchaza, kungcono ukuyibona kanye.

Kulokhu, sizokhuluma ngeBeaufortia leveretti, noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-befortias, i-Sevelia, ne-gastromizones empeleni azihlukile komunye nomunye mayelana nokugcinwa. Ukuqala kwama-aquarists kuvame ukudida i-befortium ne-Sevelia ne-gastromizones ngenxa yokubukeka okufanayo. I-Befortia ihlukaniswa kuma-gastromysones ngamafins pectoral ebanzi, ebenza bafanane ngesimo segita, kanye nesihlakala esibukhali (siyindilinga nge-gastromison). Emvelweni, bonke abameleli be-genera engenhla bahlala emifudlaneni engenalutho kanye nemifula (kufaka phakathi ezintabeni) ngamanzi apholile acacile, umfudlana nokuqukethwe oksijini okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukwakheka komzimba kuyaguqulwa ukuze izinhlanzi zibanjwe ematsheni abushelelezi emfudlaneni onamandla wamanzi.

Amaphinifa we-pectoral kanye nesisu akha indebe ebabayo ebanzi - ekhipha amanzi ngaphansi kwamaphiko futhi ngaleyo ndlela edala i-vacuum, izinhlanzi zinamathela kunoma iyiphi indawo ebushelelezi ngomzimba wonke. Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izinto zemvelo, izinhlanzi cishe azizwani nokuncintisana kokudla (ngaphandle kwabamele izinhlobo zazo noma ezifanayo), futhi azikho izinyamazane ezingazingela. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, umthombo wokudla oyinhloko (futhi ngokuvamile okuwukuphela kwawo) uwukungcebeleka kwe-algal, izinhlanzi zihlahlela amatshe. Umlomo uphansi. Ngokungafani ne-loricaria, azikho izihlahlana ze-horny, ngakho izinhlanzi zingadla kuphela ukudla okuthambile. I-Befortias iqhathaniswa nendawo yonke. Abamele izinhlobo zabo siqu bangakhombisa ulaka, kepha, njengomthetho, ababangeli ukulimala komunye nomunye, kodwa bamane beshayela futhi bacindezele abaphikisi.

Zonke izinhlanzi ziyaqhubeka zithengiswa, zibanjwa ngokwemvelo, kulokhu, zidinga ukudala izimo ezithile ku-aquarium isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Izinhlanzi zijwayela ukudingiswa uma ukubanikeza ubukhona obunethezekile kunazo zonke esigabeni sokuqala - ngokuzayo, ngemuva kokuthi sebejwayele ngokuphelele, abasadingi noma yiziphi izimo ezikhethekile futhi bazizwe bekhulu ngendlela evamile yenani eliphelele. Ubulukhuni bokuqukethwe empeleni abuhlukile ku-Sevellias ejwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, phakathi kwama-befortias kukhona okuthiwa "ukufa okungalindelekile" lapho inhlanzi ebukeka kahle ngokuphelele ekuqaleni ibonakala ingashoni kusasa. Kuyacaca ukuthi akunakuba khona imfihlakalo, sazi okuncane kakhulu ngalezi zinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile.

Igama ngesiRussia: Befortia leveretti

Umndeni: Gastromyzontidae

Igama lesayensi: Beaufortia leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927)

Izithonjana: IGastromyzon leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927), Gastromyzon leveretti leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927), Beaufortia levertti (Nichols & Pope, 1927).

I-Etymology: IGenus Beaufortia: yathola igama layo ukuhlonipha uSolwazi uDkt. ULieven F. de Beaufort, owasiza isichazamazwi sesiDashi uPieter Bleeker ukuthi asebenze encwadini yakhe edumile ngezinhlanzi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises, eyakhishwa ngo-1862-1877).

Ukubukwa okufanayo: Beaufortia kweichowensis (Fang, 1931) Yilezi zinhlobo kuphela ezidayiswa njengamanje, futhi ngephutha ukuthi igama elithi Beaufortia leveretti livame ukusetshenziswa kuso.

Indawo yokuhlala: Izinhlobo zihlala eMpumalanga Asia. Indawo yokuhlala iyisisekelo soMfula Olubomvu noMfula iPearl eChina (iGuangdong, iHainan, Yunnan) neVietnam (ngokusho kukaChu et al. 1990, Kottelat 2001), kanye neHainan Island (Zheng 1991).

Indawo yokuhlala: Zihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezingajulile, ezinesivalo esisheshayo esisheshayo futhi esithe ukugcwala i-oksijini kanye nemifudlana emincane yemifula nemifudlana, ezindaweni ezivinjelwe abadlwenguli futhi, kwezinye izikhathi, izimpophoma. Isendlalelo esingezansi siqukethe amatshe amancanyana, isihlabathi kanye ne-gravel enamatshe ayindilinga. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ngisho nezitshalo zasogwini zivame ukungabikho. Amanzi lapho kukhona i-crystal ecacile, nenani elikhulu le-oksijini elichithwe kuyo, lapho, ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga, i-biofilm equkethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-algae kanye nama-microorganisms akhula kahle. Waqopha yonke indawo enamatshe namatshe.

Ngesikhathi semvula enkulu, okwesikhashana amanzi angaba namafu ngenxa yokumiswa, okuvela ngalesi sikhathi ngenxa yokwanda kokugeleza nobungako bamanzi. Ijubane nokujula kwemifula ngalesi sikhathi nakho kuyakhuphuka.

Isifundazwe saseGuangdong siyisikhungo sokuthunyelwa kwezinhlanzi okuhlobisa amaShayina. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezifana neBefortian futhi zithengiswa emfuleni iXi Jiang River Basin yi-Erromyzon sinensis, iLiniparhomaloptera disparis, i-Pseudogastromyzon myersi, iSinogastromyzon wui, iVanmanenia pingchowensis neRhinogobius duospilus.

Ukwehluka kobulili: Ngokusho kukaBeaufortia leveretti akukho mininingwane eqondile, kepha ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo - uBeaufortia kweichowensis, abesilisa banezimpawu "zamahlombe" - amaphini we-pectoral akhula cishe ngama-engeli angakwesokudla emzimbeni. Ezinsikazi, i-contour yekhanda ngokushelela idlulela ku-contour yamaphinifa e-pectoral. Kubonwa kusuka phezulu, izintokazi zinomzimba omkhulu kakhulu kunowesilisa.

Usayizi omkhulu ofanisiwe (TL): 12 cm

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi: Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi e-organic akubekezelelwa kahle, kanye nokumiswa okuncane kwemishini (uthuli kusuka emhlabathini, ngokwesibonelo). pH 6-7.5, dH 2-20.

Izinga Lokushisa: Ihlala esifundeni esinomswakama, esisendaweni ephansi, lapho okushisa komoya kungavamisile ukwehla ngaphansi kuka-15,5 ° C futhi kungaba phezulu kakhulu ehlobo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokuqukethwe kwe-befortium, izinga lokushisa elikwi-aquarium livumelekile ebangeni le-17-24 ° C. Kodwa-ke, okuhlangenwe nakho kukhombisa ukuthi inhlanzi ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphakeme angama-25-27 ° C (okubandakanya ukukhuphuka okude kakhulu kuze kube ngu-30 ° C) ngaphansi kwezimo zokuqina ezinamandla kakhulu. Kulokhu, kuyasiza futhi ukukhulisa ubungako bokujikeleza kwamanzi. Kepha awudingi ukuhlupha inhlanzi, gcina izinga lokushisa lingabi ngaphezu kwama-25.

UKUDLA

I-Befortia iyamangaza, emvelweni idla ama-algae nama-microorganisms. I-aquarium inazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okubukhoma, amaphilisi, okusanhlamvu kanye ne-algae. Kukhona nokudla okubukhoma eqandisiwe. Ukuze aphile kahle, kungcono ukuzondla ngamathebuleti asezingeni eliphakeme noma okusanhlamvu nsuku zonke. Njalo udinga ukwengeza ama-bloodworms, i-artemia, ishubhu, udaphnia kanye nemifino, isibonelo, ikhukhamba noma i-zucchini ekudleni.

Izifo ze-pseudoscats

Bangaki pseudo-abahlakaza bukhoma? Isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-8, kwezinye izimo - 5. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sabo sokuphila singancishiswa kakhulu uma behlinzekwa ngokunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali angafanele.

Ama-pseudoscats awanasikali, ngakho-ke athambekele ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, athinteka ekushintsheni kwamapharamitha wamanzi ne-chemistry, okufanele icatshangwe lapho welapha imisebe yamanga. Futhi, uma ukwelashwa kufanele kwenzeke e-aquarium ejwayelekile, izinhlanzi ezinempilo kufanele zifakwe kwenye inkathi kwelinye ithangi.

Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi alifundiswanga kangako, ngakho ukukhuluma ngezifo izinhlanzi ezitholakala kulo kunzima kakhulu.

Ukwehluka kobulili

Yize cishe kungenzeki ukuthola ubulili, abesilisa kucatshangwa ukuthi bakhulu kunabesifazane.

Amanothi: Ukuba yisilo (isb., Ebanjwe endalweni), zonke izindawo ezigudla amagquma (abahlali bemifula yezintaba nemifula esheshayo), njenge-befortia, i-gastromizones, ne-sevellias, idinga ukwandiswa isikhathi eside nokujwayela impilo ekudingisweni. Izinhlanzi zingashesha kangakanani ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele ne-aquarium ngemuva kokuthengwa kuncike ngokuphelele ukuthi imingaki / isayizi, ukuthi ibanjwe isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi ikwaze isikhathi eside kangakanani ukuthi ikwazi ukuhlala ezindlini zesikhashana zasemanzini - e-quarantine (hhayi njalo), esitolo, emakethe abathengisi njll. Ngokushesha futhi kube lula ukujwayela abantu abasha.

Abantu abadala nabadala (abakhulu futhi sebefinyelele usayizi omkhulu wezinhlanzi), ngokunokwenzeka, ngeke baphile isikhathi eside ezimeni ze-aquarium. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ezibanjiweyo azigcini nje ekucindezelekeni okukhulu okuphindaphindekayo ngesikhathi sokudoba, ezokuhamba isikhathi eside ezedlule, zihlala ezitsheni zesikhashana, ezingahambelani nezidingo zazo, njll., Kodwa futhi, ngokungafani "nosawoti" wasendaweni eshisayo , bawela ezimweni eziphikisana nendawo yokuhlala yabo yemvelo (akekho umuntu ongahlela ukugeleza kwentaba ebilayo ku-aquarium) - imiphumela yako konke lokhu ukuthi cishe zonke izinhlanzi ziyeka ukukhula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akufanele uncike kakhulu ekutheni inhlanzi ethengiwe, noma ingakanani, izokhula ize ibe ngu-7.5 cm ama-befortias.Izinhlanzi eziye zabanjwa futhi zalethwa muva nje futhi ezingabanga nesikhathi sokusebenzisa esitolo, njll. d. isikhathi esiningi, bangajwayela ukudla isikhathi eside kakhulu (kufika ezinyangeni ezi-2), beneliswa yilokho abakuthola engilazini, njll. futhi ungakunaki ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukudla okunikezwayo.

Kulokhu, kuhle ukubeka ukudla ngendlela yamatafula ancibilikisa kancane (ama-chip wezinkomishi ze-catfish-ngokwesibonelo) endishini ebushelelezi (isoso, ingilazi yesitsha sengilazi ...) - kulokhu, izinhlanzi zizofunda ngokushesha ukuthola ukudla futhi zikujwayele ngokushesha. Izinhlanzi ezikwazi ukuhlala ezitolo, njll. baletha ubunzima obuncane isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthenga futhi bajwayela ngokuphelele izimo zasekhaya (kufaka phakathi nokudla) emavikini angama-1-2, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngosuku olulandelayo bazodla ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kude nazo zonke izitolo (emakethe), abathengisi ngokuvamile bazi okungenani okuthile ngokuchazwe kokuqukethwe kwalezi zinhlanzi (kanye nabanye abaningi), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi i-befortia ivele muva nje lapho kuthengiswa.

Kukhona amathuba wokuthi uma inhlanzi ichitha isikhathi esiningi esitolo, izodlulelwa umkhawulo ngenxa yokuthi ifakwa okuthile, ngezingxenye ezincane, futhi kaningi ngokudla okunjalo abangakwazi nhlobo, noma abaningi futhi omakhelwane abaningi abangathathi hlangothi banesikhathi sokudla konke ukudla ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke okuthile okuya kancane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lapho bebhekane nengcindezi eyengeziwe ngemuva kokuthenga nokushintshwa kwezimo ezithile, inhlanzi esebuthakathaka isivele igula noma ife. Ukugwema izinkathazo ezinjalo, ukuthengwa kufanele kuthathwe ngokucophelela: ungathengi izinhlanzi nganoma yikuphi ukulimala kwangaphandle (okuvame ukwenzeka lapho izinhlanzi zingafundile futhi zibanjiswa kabi ngenethi, noma kungaba ngamanxeba abangelwa omakhelwane abangafanele), kufanele kunakwe ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuphefumuleni kwezinhlanzi. , ngesimo sezinsephe naphezu kokuthi alunasikhumba kakhulu (isicaba kakhulu ngamehlo siqhuma ngamandla ngaphezu kwekhanda legebhezi).

Izinhlanzi azinazo izikali, ngakho-ke zithinta kakhulu kunoma iyiphi ikhemikhali - lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho ukhetha ukwelashwa kwe-befortias, kanye nalapho kuhlelwa ukwelapha izinhlanzi e-aquarium ejwayelekile ahlala kuyo - uma izinhlanzi ngokwazo ziphilile, kungcono ukuzikhipha ngalesi sikhathi. Uma okungenani zibheka izidingo zezinhlanzi, zizoba zinempilo futhi ukugcinwa kwazo ngeke kudale ubunzima.

Emazweni amaningi, ummeleli othengiswa kakhulu womndeni we-gastromyzontid. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingama-20 ziyaziwa futhi zichazwe ngokusemthethweni kuhlobo lweBeaufortia, kodwa yinye kuphela - iB for kweichowensis - ethengiswayo. B. leveretti (Fang, 1931) ayibanjiswanga ukuthi ithunyelwe ngaphandle futhi ayithengiswa, kepha igama layo lisetshenziswa njalo ngephutha ku-B. kweichowensis.

Isikhathi sokuphila e-aquarium: Akukho mininingwane eqondile ngeBeaufortia leveretti, kepha imininingwane evela kumasayithi aphesheya ekubambeni izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo - uBeaufortia kweichowensis angahlala e-aquarium iminyaka engafika kwengu-8. Elinye lamalungu ethu esithangamini sohlobo olufanayo lobuhle asebehlale iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu.