Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwafuywa embonini yokuzalanisa iBlagovarsky eRiphabhliki yaseBashkortostan. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wokuthuthukisa i-Peking duck, inyoni enezici ezintsha zokuzalela umkhiqizo omkhulu yatholakala ngokuphelele ngengozi. Esikhathini esizayo, baqala ukuzalanisa "ngokwabo", bekhetha abantu abahamba phambili. Umphumela waba uhlobo olusha olungenakuzithoba.
Idada leBashkir: hlanganisa isimilo
Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela eziphambili zale nyoni, ezihlukile kumbala nokukhiqiza. Emapulazini ezinkukhu nasemapulazini azimele, amadada amaBashkir “khaki” kanye “namabele amhlophe amhlophe” ayaluswa. Izici zokuphila kwalezi zinhlobo zombili zifaka ukungabekezeleleki maqondana nemibandela yokuboshwa, isimo esizolile, impilo enhle futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amaphesenti amaningi okusinda. Futhi, idada leBashkir liyaziswa ngabanikazi beziza zasekhaya zenyama emnandi. Imvamisa izakhamizi zasehlobo zenqaba ukugcina amadada ngenxa yokuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi kakhulu ezincelweni zazo. Idada laseBashkir alinayo le nkinga. Isivuno esinonileko emizimbeni yale nyoni ingamaphesenti ayi-1,8-3,9%, kuyilapho izicubu zomzimba zingama-2.9-4.1%.
Abanikazi beziza zomuntu siqu abanqume ukuba nenyoni enjengamachashazi aseBashkir kufanele balungiselelwe iqiniso lokuthi ngokuya ngobudlova buncane kunezePeking eyodwa. Ngamagama wamaphesenti, izindleko zokuphakelayo zingama-2.7 kg ngekhilogremu eyodwa yesisindo bukhoma. Lokhu kunquma ukuzuza okusheshayo kwesisindo ngenyoni.
Ukukhiqiza
I-Bashkir duck drake ingafinyelela isisindo esingu-4 kg, ibeka i-hen - 3.5 kg. Ekufikeni kwezinyanga ezimbili, isisindo somzimba wezilwane ezisencane ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle sesivele singama-3 kg. Emapulazini ezinkukhu, ukuhlatshwa kwenziwa ngalesi sikhathi. Emapulazini angasese, lapho ukudliwa kwamadada kuvame ukungalingani kakhulu, agcinwa aze afike ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezine.
Ngaphezu kwenyama enambitha kanye nokuthola isisindo okusheshayo, amadada aseBashkir abaluleke kakhulu ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza sezinsuku ezingama-40, ukubeka ama-hekh “khaki” amaqanda angaba ngu-217, “amabele amnyama” - aze afike kuma-228. Ngokuvamile amaqanda edada awadliwa. Noma kunjalo, umbala weBashkir lo mthetho awusebenzi. Abanini mizi abaningi babheka amaqanda akhe okumnandi kakhulu kunenkukhu.
Ukuzala
Idada laseBashkir, okuyisici salo esahlolwa yithina ngenhla, lingabiwa ngempumelelo endlini yangasese. Izilwane ezisencane zalolu hlobo lokufuya zivame ukutholakala ngamaqanda afukamisayo anesimo esifanele futhi angafinyelela isisindo sama-90 g. Ukukhishwa kwezilwane ezisencane uma umcimbi womhlambi ugcinwa usesimweni esihle cishe u-78%. Ukusinda kwezidada kuphula wonke amarekhodi. Iminyaka yokuhlaselwa ifinyelela 99% yezilwane ezisencane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubuyekezwa kwabanikazi bezinamba zabantu ezitholakala kwinethiwekhi, la madada afa kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nesimo seBashkir
Idada linomzimba onemisipha, omude (i-keel ende), elinenqwaba yepulangwe efanelekile. Ama-paws amakhulu, aqinile ahlukaniswa ngumbala we-orange okhanyayo.
Ikhanda elithambile, intamo emfushane nemilenze emifushane kuyenza icwebezelwe, ilungiswe, okuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu kumadada asendle. Uqhwaku lubanzi, luyisicaba, ngokukhula okukhulu. Ukuzalela kunemibala emibili eyinhloko: mnyama nokumhlophe nokumnyama onsundu.
Ngenyanga yesibili ngemuva kokuqokwa, idrake inezici ezihlukile: kuvela intambo ekhanda elimnyama ekhanda elimnyama, engxenyeni engenhla yentamo nasesifundeni somsila.
Ezinye izici ezithokozisayo zohlobo:
- umthungo wezinsiba usuka emuva uye esiswini uyakhanya,
- izimpaphe zeBashkir azimanzi nhlobo,
- idrake ayikwazi ukwehla.
Ukucaciswa kokuqukethwe kweBashkirs
Ngokuzithoba konke, idada leBashkir linezimpawu zalo kokuqukethwe:
- Izibonda zendlu. Izinyoni zidinga ukubekwa mahhala. Ngokugcina abantu abangu-2-3, okungenani imitha eyodwa yesikwele iyadingeka.
- Isibani Uma amahora okukhanya kwelanga efushane kunamahora we-9, ikhwalithi yezentengiso ye-fluff kanye nezimpaphe izokwehla.
- Ukuhlanzeka kwendlu, udoti owomile. Kumhlambi wezinkomo omdala, udinga ukushintsha udoti njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, ungene kalula egumbini futhi unikeze amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile.
- Isimo sokushisa. Kwabadala nezilwane ezincane, kuhlukile.
Esontweni lokuqala lokuphila, amadada kudingeka ukuthi aqashelwe ukuze udoti umile futhi ufudumele (cishe ama-degrees angu-30), igumbi libekelwa ubusuku nemini.
Ngemuva kwalokho izinga lokushisa lincipha nge-1 degree ngosuku futhi ukukhanya kukhishwe ngehora eli-1 ngosuku. Ngamahora wezinsuku ezingamahora we-9 kanye lokushisa kwama-degrees angu-1818, amadada atshalwa ekuvuthweni.
Ukondla iBashkir ehlobo nasebusika
Emapulazini ezinkukhu, umehluko wesikhathi sokwakheka kokuphakelayo awunandaba.
Kusetshenziswa okuphakelayo okuxubile okuhlanganisiwe kakhulu ngokufakwa izithasiselo. Epulazini elizimele, izindaba zonyaka. Ehlobo, cishe isigamu sokudla siyizengezo eziluhlaza. Lokhu ngotshani, neziqalo nemifino. Ngasikhathi sinye, okusanhlamvu kukhona.
Ebusika, ifolishi eluhlaza lithathelwa indawo isidlo sotshani, izimpande zezilimo, imfucuza kusuka ekucutshungweni kojongilanga kanye nommbila Izithako zamavithamini nezinto zokulandela umkhondo zixutshwa kokuphakelayo. Futhi-ke, kufanele kube namanzi amasha.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ukudla kwamathambo nenhlanzi kufanele kube khona ekudleni kwenyoni.
Yondla amadada
Izilwane ezincane zondliwa ngokufana nenyoni endala. Isimo esikhulu ukuthi ukudla namanzi kuhlala kusha.
Izilwane ezincane zondliwa ngokufana nenyoni endala
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuqokwa, kuyaluleka ukondla amachwane ngeqanda elibilisiwe, ushizi we-cottage shizi. Amaqanda afanele yilezo ezazingenamibungu. Kufanele zigcinwe ngemuva kokuqunjelwa phakathi nesikhathi sokufakwa.
Kamuva, ukondla ngokufunzwa okukhethekile okuhlangene kuzoba kahle. Lapho zingekho, i-mash ingavunwa ngokuzimela.
Ukuqanjwa kubandakanya:
- okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe
- isidlo soya,
- ukudla kwamathambo, inhlanzi, utshani,
- amakhambi ochotshoziwe (i-dandelion, i-alfalfa, i-nettle),
- imifino nezimpande ezigayiwe (ngaphandle kosayizi abomvu), amazambane abilisiwe,
- amaminerali, amavithamini, ama-amino acid.
Ehlobo, udinga ukunikeza imifino eminingi. Kudingeka isitsha esinezintwala noma amatshe omfula acwebile.
Eduze nenyanga eyodwa ubudala, izilwane ezincane zingondliwa ngodoti omusha wokudla.
Ukunakekelwa kwezinyoni
Ukunakekela amadada alolu hlobo lokuzalela kulula. Njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni, akuthanda kakhulu ukudla. Futhi kaningi.
Ukuhlanganiswa okusha kufanele kunikezwe okungenani izikhathi ezingama-4-5 ngosuku. Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele okungenani abe amalitha ama-2 umuntu ngamunye, futhi ngokungcono ngamanani angenamkhawulo. Ukuze ugweme imikhiqizo yedoti yenyoni engena ethangini lamanzi, kufanele ivikelwe ngocingo oluphansi.
Amadada angamanzi angenamanzi, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi ube nesichibi esiseduze, okungenani okufakwayo.
Ukuhamba eqhweni naseqhweni ngeke kubangele ukulimala kumadada, kepha udoti omanzi ungabulala. Ukuze uthuthukise ukugaya ukudla, inyoni idinga amatshe amancane noma isihlabathi.
Izifo zamadada nezamadada
Ukuze uvikele izifo nokufa kwezilwane ezincane, udinga ukuyigcina kahle indlu futhi ugonye kusengaphambili izifo ezingabakhona.
EBashkirs, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- i-viral hepatitis,
- pasteurellosis (ikholera),
- i-aspergillosis
- i-salmonellosis.
Ekwelashweni okusetshenzisiwe:
- i-tetracycline (ihlanganiswa ne-feed 40-50 mg / kg ngeviki),
- i-oxytetracycline (engezwa emanzini ngethamo le-2-3 mg ngeyunithi ngayinye),
- i-sulfadimethoxin (ngokudla nsuku zonke ku-150 mg / kg izinsuku ezintathu),
- I-Mepatar (engezwe emanzini ngesamba se-10 g nge-5 l),
- IDetrivit (2% solution).
Uma kutholakala ukuthi kunesifo emfuyweni, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa nokwelapha abagulayo. Ekamelweni kuyadingeka ukwenza ukubulala amagciwane nokukhipha ukungena kwamagundane endaweni.
Izinzuzo kanye nezinzuzo zohlobo
Lapho ufuya umhlambi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi idada laseBashkir linezimfanelo zalo ezinhle nezingalungile. Yize lokhu kokugcina kunemibandela ethile ngokwemvelo futhi kusebenza kuyo yonke imihlambi yamadada.
Lezi yizimpawu ezifana:
- i-metabolism esheshisiwe: inyoni igaya ukudla ngokushesha okukhulu futhi idinga ingxenye entsha,
- Ukulimazeka kwezilwane ezisencane: amadada awakwazi ukubekezelela ukumanzana.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umthamo wokubekwa kweqanda kudada kuya ngombala weplamu. Ngokudabukisayo, izinsikazi ezinezimpaphe zohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zithwala amaqanda ambalwa ngesizini.
Izinzuzo zenyoni zikhulu kakhulu:
- ukungatheleleki kahle kwezifo,
- ukuqina kwesisindo
- okuqukethwe okunamafutha okulinganiselwe kwenyama,
- ukusheshiswa kokuqala kwesibeletho sonyaka kanye nemvelo yowesifazane wokufaka amaqanda,
- inani eliphakeme lokudonswa amadada (80% noma ngaphezulu),
- izindleko zokuphakela ezilinganiselwe ngokuya ngezinkukhu ezivuthiwe: idada liba umuntu mdala ngeminyaka engu-2-2,5 izinyanga.
Ukuhlaziya okuqhathaniswayo kukhombisa ukuthi izinzuzo zohlobo lokuzala zanda phezu kokungathandeki. Ukulinyelwa nokufuya kukadansi waseBashkir kunobulungiswa kunoma yimaphi amapulazi.
Incazelo yohlobo lwamadada ezifuywayo iBashkir
Amadada weBashkir muhle kakhulu futhi anezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufaka imibala. Umbala ojwayelekile kunayo yonke i-khaki, kanti uhlobo lwesibili umbala omnyama, ibele elimhlophe. Ama-Drakes anombala ogqamile, eduze kwezihlobo zawo zasendle. Emapulazini angasese, amadada anemibala ye-khaki ajwayelekile. Ngenxa yombala wazo we-motley, abizwa nangokuthi umbala weBashkir.
Umzimba wedada laseBashkir unamandla, isifuba sibhikisha ngaphambili. Ikhanda lithambile kusukela phezulu, futhi uqhwaku lubanzi. Intamo ayimude, awugqinsi. Izimpiko zihlangana ngokuqinile esihlathini. Isici esibonakalayo ukuthi imilenze ihlukaniswe kabanzi, iqinile futhi izicubu zomzimba.
Lawa madada “acacile” futhi abukeka emuhle ezinyangeni eziyi-2,5, esivele ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, amadada athola cishe ama-80% esisindo somzimba wabantu abadala. Isisindo somuntu omdala osohlwini luka-3.3 no-4 kg. Lokhu kuyinkomba enhle, enikezwe amafutha amancane omzimba. Isisindo saso singama-2-3% kuphela esisindo somzimba. Inyama yedada yethenda, enambitheka kahle, iyinyama edliwayo. Ngenyanga yesithathu, idada selikulungele ukubulawa, ngokuqhubekayo lingagcinwa kuphela ngokuzalaniswa nokuzalela amaqanda.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kumadada aseBashkir nakho kusengaphezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, amaqanda angama-200-230 anesisindo esingama-85 - 90 amagremu angatholakala edokeni elilodwa ngonyaka. Amaqanda asesimweni esifanele. Amadada amabele anombala omnyama ashesha kangcono. Ku-incubator, ama-hatchability amaqanda cishe angama-80%, okubuye kube yisilinganiso esiphakeme. Idada liqala ukubeka amaqanda kusuka ezinyangeni ezine, futhi lifinyelela ukuvuthwa kwenyama ngisho nangaphambilini.
Uhlobo kanye nokudla kokudla
Ngeke kube nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokudla amadada aseBashkir, bona bangadla cishe konke abakuthola. Kepha izinkomba ezinhle, kusadingeka ukuthi uqaphele izondlamzimba zazo futhi uvikele nokudla ngokweqile.
Izinyoni zalokhu kuzalanisa zinemetabolism enhle nesisu esifushane, ngakho-ke ukudla kudonswa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kuyaphuma. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukondla la madada kancane, kodwa kaningi. Isilinganiso sabo amadada anikezwa ukudla izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku, akhipha ingxenye yokondla uqobo lapho ehamba. Ekuseni nantambama kungcono ukunikeza i-mash, futhi ekugcineni kosuku, ukudla okungcono kakhulu kuzoba okusanhlamvu okuphelele noma okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe. Ekupheleni kobusika, ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kuzoba wusizo ikakhulukazi ukunikeza okusanhlamvu okuvuthiwe.
Amadada ayakujabulela nokudla okuhlukahlukene okubaningi, izitshalo ezimpande ezihlanganisiwe, utshani nesalage. “Okudlekayo” okhethekile kwamadada kuzoba ukwakheka okuhlangene, okubandakanya ufulawa ovela otshanini naseklabishi (izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene), ungangeza futhi izaqathi. Lokhu kudla kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwamadada, kunciphisa ingozi yezifo, kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Uma amadada akhulile ukuze athole inyama yethenda, khona-ke okufakwayo okuhlanganisiwe kufanele kuhlanganiswe ekudleni. Njalo qiniseka ukuthi ukondliwa kwamadada kuyalingana futhi kuhlukahlukene, khona-ke ungathembela ekutholeni isibalo esikhulu samaqanda nenyama ephezulu.
Abantu abadala bangondliwa uphizi, ummbila, amabele, ibhali nezinye izitshalo eziningi zokudla. I-chalk ne-fodder yeast kufanele inikezwe njengezengezo zamaminerali. Kufanelekile ukungeza amavithamini, ikakhulukazi ebusika nasekuqalekeni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho amadlelo asemgwaqweni eqala.
Qiniseka ukuthi amadada ahlala ethola amanzi okuphuza. Ukuze amanzi abe musha njalo ahlanzekile, kumele aguqulwe kaningi ngosuku. Ngosuku olulodwa, idada elilodwa lingaphuza amalitha amabili amanzi. Amanzi ahlanzekile ayisidingo sokudada kwamadada wohlobo lweBashkir. Ngokushoda kwamanzi kumadada walolu hlobo lokuzalela, i-metabolism iyaphazamiseka.
Izici Zokunakekela
Amadada weBashkir akathobeki, kepha asadinga ukudala izimo ezithile:
- Lapho uhlomisa igumbi, qiniseka ukuthi liyindawo ebanzi, yomile futhi efudumele. Ukuze ulondoloze ukoma, kuyadingeka ukusungula umoya omncane. Leli yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izimpaphe eziphakeme zomswakama ziwohloka futhi izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela. Amadada awadingi ukubonwa, awandiza.
- Izinga lokushisa egumbini lokushisa ebusika kufanele libe phakathi kwama-15-20 degrees. Ubuncane obuvunyelwe ngama-degree ayi-7. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu, kungadingeka ukuthi uvule i-hitha kagesi. Imodi yokukhanya isekelwa ngamalambu ejwayelekile. Isikhathi sokukhanyisa esijwayelekile kufanele sibe ngamahora ayi-14.
- Igumbi lingafakelwa amaseli, kodwa ungawagcina onke egumbini elilodwa. Kungcono ukuphakamisa isisekelo sibe ngamasentimitha angama-20-25 bese usiqinisa, ngakho-ke kuzoba ngokufudumele, futhi kunikeze nokuvikela okungeziwe kumagundane. Ngokudoti, ungasebenzisa i-sawdust, hay, utshani, eyomile futhi ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokubumba. Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho okusalungiswa egumbini okugcinwa kulo udada.
- Amadada yi-waterfowl. Uma kunomzimba wemvelo wemvelo eduzane, khona-ke ukungena kwezinyoni kufanele kuhlelwe lapho. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke ungenza ichibi lokufakelwa. Uma unezinhloso ezibucayi zokuzalela laba bantu, kufanele ugaye okungenani ichibi elincane. Ngakho-ke amadada azothuthuka kangcono futhi athole isisindo.
Izingibe, izinkinga zokuqukethwe kanye nezixazululo zazo
Inkinga enkulu kulinywe amadada aseBashkir angabizwa ngokuthi awawo amandla nobudlova. Yize lokhu kubhekwa njengenye yezinzuzo zako, kukhona ingozi. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma duck edla ngokuqinile, khona-ke iyobe ikhuluphele. Kulesi simo, inyama yayo izolahlekelwa yinani layo, ngoba ivezwa ngokuqondile ngefreyimu yayo encane yamafutha.
Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadada anokudla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma amadada enikezwa ukuhamba ngokukhululeka ehlobo, futhi yena ngokwakhe angakuthola ukudla, khona-ke ukondleka kwakhe kufanele kuncishiswe. Endabeni yokukhuluphala, hhayi kuphela ikhwalithi yenyama ewohlokayo, kepha futhi nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyancipha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, azikho izinkinga ngokugcina amadada aseBashkir.
Ngokuzalelwa okuningi kwamadada aseBashkir, kunokusiza okukodwa. Lapho izinga lenyoni likhuphuka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane, ziya ngokuya zigula futhi ziba zimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, akufanelekile zonke izinyoni, uma ziningi, zigcine egumbini elilodwa. Kungcono ukuzixazulula ngamaqembu amancane, futhi ukuhamba kuhlukaniswe kuphela uma kunethuba elinjalo. Lokhu akubalulekile kangako.
Umlando womsuka
Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi lo mzala wabelethwa ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuzalela ukuze kuthuthukiswe idayi elimhlophe lePeking endaweni yokuzalela iBlagovarsky. Phakathi kwabantu abaguqukile, abamele imibala ehlukile baqala ukuhlukaniswa, ababehlukaniswa ngumzimba onamandla nokukhuthazela okukhethekile. Ukuguqulwa kwemvelo kwaqala ukusekela nokuhlanganisa.
Ukukhula omncane, amathiphu kanye zokupheka
Amantshontsho angaqandeka zombili ku-incubator nangothango lwezinkukhu. Amadada walokhu kuzalanisa anomqondo wemvelo womama okhuliswe kahle, ngakho-ke ngokwawo aqhamukela amaphuphu ngokuphelele. Amantshontsho azoba nokuzivikela okuhle noma kunjalo.
Masishane ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, amadada adinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle. Uma kukhona idada eduzane, khona-ke izobanakekela, ifundise ukugwema izingozi futhi ngokuzimela ithole ukudla. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke le misebenzi ingadluliselwa kwinkukhu enhle.
Indawo lapho amadada kukhona, udinga uthango off, wenze udoti ojulile. Ngaphezu kokukhanya okuhle, udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa evikini lokuqala ngamadigri angama-30. Esontweni lesibili, izinga lokushisa liphansi kancane - ama-20- 26 degrees. Lapho amadada esenezinsuku ezingama-20 ubudala, izinga lokushisa lingancipha kancane kancane libe yi-18-20.
Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10 udinga ukondla ama-ducklings ngamaqanda ahlanganisiwe abilisiwe ngo-cottage shizi namakhambi. Unganikeza amabele noma isinkwa imvuthuluka, ebilisiwe obisini oluncane noma ku-Whey. Esontweni lesibili, amadada atshalwe inyama, aqala ukondla okuphilayo ngegranular. Kusukela ngeviki lesithathu, inani lama-roughage kumele lenyuswe, futhi kusukela ngeviki lesikhombisa selivele linokunikeza ukudla okufanayo nedada elidala. Qiniseka ukuthi ungeza amadada kokuphakelayo ngojikijolo omncane wokugaya okungcono.
Kusadingeka ukukhumbule lokho Ungavumeli inyoni iphumele endaweni yokuhamba kuze kufike amazolo anciphile noma esimweni sezulu esishisayo kakhulu. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, amadada azwela kakhulu i-hypothermia kanye nokuma komzimba. Lokhu kungasebenza njengesihlobo esikhulu sofushane. Isimo sezulu esihle, amadada avunyelwe ukuhamba izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Ngaphansi kombhede wesitaladi wezidada kufanele kube nesihlabathi notshani. Uma kungekho echibini eduze, khona-ke ungakha owokuzenzela. Njengoba isipiliyoni sibonisa, eduzane echibini ledada likhula ngokushesha bese ligula kancane. Ngezinyanga ezinhlanu, amadada adluliselwa kumodi ejwayelekile yamadada.
Uhlobo lweDashkir lwamadada lubhekwa njengenye yezokuqina kakhulu nokuphikelelayo. Ukufa kwezilwane ezisencane kuyaqabukela, bese kuthi lapho kuphela imithetho yezokuboshwa inganakwa.
Umbala
Umbala we-plumage uye waba yinto ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zohlobo lokugeleza okuphelele kwabantu abatholwe ngesikhathi sokukhethwa. Izici ezihlukanisayo zezinhlobonhlobo zivezwe ethebula elingezansi.
Umbala | Incazelo |
Khaki | Intamo nesisu kumbozwe ngamapheya amhlophe. Wonke umzimba, kufaka ikhanda, ungwevu onsundu ngephethini ekhulunywayo. Imiphetho yamaphiko nomsila ipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
Ibele elimnyama | Amapayipi asesifubeni amhlophe, wonke umzimba umbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama. Ekhanda, iplamu ine-hue ebunjiwe noma eluhlaza okotshani. |
Indlela yokuhlukanisa idrake ku-duck?
Abantu abadala ngocansi bangahlukaniswa kalula idatha yangaphandle:
- ingxenye engenhla yekhanda, umsila nezimpiko eziphansi zedrayi zithola umthunzi omnyama kusukela ngosuku lwe-35 lokuphila,
- izintokazi zihlukaniswa ngombala ozolile, obuthuntu,
- udrako mkhulu kunowesifazane; lobe lawo elingaphambili libanzi.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa ubulili bezidada?
Amantshontsho ngokobulili anqunywa ngendlela ehlukile:
- Thatha idada ngesandla sakho sobunxele uphendule ikhanda lakhe kuwe,
- iminwe yesandla sokudla, vula i-cloaca bese uyikhipha ohlangothini lwesisu,
- emgodleni wesidoda kukhona ubudoda bendabuko bokuphamba obungu 1.5-2 mm ubude,
- insikazi esecesspool ineziqalo eziphelele eziyisicaba.
Imininingwane elusizo ekunqumeni isici sobulili yenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha umhlambi ophelele futhi uhlukanise abantu abazokhuluphala kwabamele ukuzalanisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda
Amachashazi aseBashkir ashesha amasonto angama-40-50. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-khaki banikeza amaqanda angama-220, abamnyama nabamhlophe - amaqanda angama-240. Isisindo seqanda elilodwa ngu-70-80 g.
Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo, lapho amadada eqala ukushesha, anweba ngocingo amahora angama-day, isikhathi esifanele sisethwa emahoreni ayi-14. Ungathola kanjani ukuthi izinsikazi zikulungele ukugxilisa inzalo? Shesha ukusebenza kwabo:
- mancane amathuba okuvela egcekeni,
- ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezidlekeni.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Amadada aseBashkir angabamele ababalulekile benyama nokuzalelwa kwamaqanda, osekuyisikhathi eside waba ngomunye wabathandekayo kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezinkukhu ezifuywayo. Ukuzalela akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi empeleni akunamaphutha.
- Izinzuzo eziphambili zokuzalela lolu hlobo:
- ukukhiqizwa okuhle kweqanda
- ukusinda okukhulu kwezidada,
- ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu,
- ubuhlakani
- amafutha aphansi enyameni
- ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba.
- Ukushoda okunemibandela kufaka phakathi:
- ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla
- ukucacisa ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Imithetho yokuqukethwe
Igumbi lokugcina kumele lifudumele. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele lize ngaphansi kuka +7 ° C. Phansi phansi kufanele kuphakanyiswe kufinyelele ku-20 cm bese kuqinisa izindonga kusuka ekungeneni kwamagundane nezinye izilwane. Kwabadala nge-1 sq. amakamelo azodinga ama-watts ayi-5 wamandla okukhanya okwengeziwe.
Izibani zikhanyiswa ekuseni nakusihlwa noma ngaphambi nje kokulala.
Ebusika, ngomhlaka 1 sq. Izinjongo ezi-3-4 ziyavunyelwa, ehlobo - azidluli ku-2. Izakhiwo zihlanzwa njalo ezinsukwini ezi-4. Izitsha zokuphuza nabondli zihlanzwa njalo kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-manganese. Izinsimbi zifakwe ekhoneni elikude legumbi. Idada ngalinye lizodinga isidleke esihlukile esingu-60x40 cm ngosayizi. Kulokhu kuzalaniswa, udinga ukuhlinzeka indawo yokuhamba ngesihlambi sokufakelwa noma semvelo, lapho kufanele kube khona isembozo sotshani esezingeni elifanele.
Yini ukondla?
Amadada aseBashkir adla konke akutholayo. Lokhu kungcono ukuthi ungavumeli futhi uhambise ukuondliwa kwezinyoni ukuze ugweme ukukhuluphala kwazo. Le nyoni ihlukaniswa yi-metabolism esheshisiwe, ngakho-ke konke okudliwayo kumunwa ngokushesha bese kuya ekuthuthukisweni komzimba.
Lapho kukhuluphala inyama, ingxenye ephoqelekileko yokudla ingukudla okulinganiselayo emigodini. Isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kokudla okusanhlamvu nokudla kwenyoni endala kungu-0,4: 0,5. Ensimini yegceke lokuhamba nezindlu, amabhokisi anesihlabathi namagobolondo agxotshiwe njalo afakwa. Izinyoni ezindala zondliwa izikhathi ezine ngosuku.
Ebusika
Isisekelo sokudla kwasebusika:
- ummbila
- ukolweni
- ubhontshisi
- chalk
- okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe
- utshani nenyama nokudla kwamathambo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, izinhlanzi nenyama eyosiwe kuxutshwa kokudla. I-300 g yenyama eyosiwe yengezwe kumuntu oyedwa. Ekuseni nangesikhathi sasemini banika ukuxubana okumanzi, kusihlwa banqunyelwe ekudleni okwomile.
I-Molting
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda siqala ngoFebhuwari futhi siphela ngoJuni. Ezifundeni ezinamahlobo apholile ehlobo, isikhathi sifinyelela kuze kube ngu-Agasti. I-molt yokuqala yenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi, eyesibili - ngo-Agasti-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, inyoni ayinikezi amaqanda.
Kwabesifazane, ukumunyaniswa kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 kamuva kunakwabesilisa. Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpaphe eziqondayo nezimpaphe ezindizayo zemiyalo engu-1-2 yokushintshwa kobukhulu; kwesibili, izimpiko eziqondayo nezincane ziyashintsha.
Ukunakekela amadada
Amadada adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Ngemuva kokubopha, bona, kanye nowesifazane, badluliselwa egumbini elihlukile. Umbhede owomile futhi ohlanzekile kufanele ugcinwe phansi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Igumbi lama-ducklings kufanele lifakwe futhi liphathwe nge-sodium ewuketshezi ngaphambi kokuba ligcwele. Ngemuva kokumiswa, kufakwa i-lime elimhlophe. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-30, ngumama kuphela othinta izingane emhlanjini omdala, inqobo nje uma esephilile ngokuphelele. Kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ubudala, zonke izilwane ezincane zigonyelwa izifo ezibangelwa yi-E. coli. Ukusuka ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3 zokuphila, i-deworming ehleliwe iyenziwa
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Idada laseBashkir lihlukaniswa kahle ngokumelana kwalo okukhulu nezifo ezinkulu. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngenxa yenhlangano engeyinhle yokunakekelwa. Izifo Ezijwayelekile:
- Ukushoda kweVitamin - kungumphumela wokudla okungenakulinganiswa. Ekudleni kweBashkir, kufanele kudle amaprotheni kanye namaminerali.
- I-Cloacite - kuboniswe ukuphuma kwe-cloaca, kuhambisana nomonakalo kulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Ukuvimbela ukwethulwa ekudleni kokudla okugcwele amavithamini A no-E, umkhuba wokulwelwa emanzini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-disinfecting, amafutha okuthambisa endaweni yofuzo.
- I-pasteurellosis, i-hepatitis ne-paratyphoid yizifo ezingenakuphulukiswa. Ukuvimbela kuqukethe ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi izakhiwo nokugoma kwezinyoni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-30.
Uhlobo lweBashkir lwamadada lunenzuzo ngokusebenza kwalo okuhlukahlukene futhi luphawuleka ngokuzivikela okuhle. Kakade ezinyangeni ezingama-3-4, inyoni isilungele ukubulawa, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuphakelwa.
Izici Zokudla
Amadada wohlobo lweBashkir avame ukugcinwa kulawo mafamu lapho insiza yakhe kukhona khona okungenani idamu elincane. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokondla (kuze kufike ku-50%). Phakathi kwezici ezihlukanisayo zohlobo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kungashiwo ukuthi zingajwayelekile. Amadada aseBashkir ngentokozo adla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane.
Phathisa amadada ngokushesha nje uma eseomile. Akunjalo, kufanele ungabaze. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu kuzothinta kakhulu ukutholwa kwesisindo kwezilwane ezincane ngokuzayo. Ukudla kokuqala kwamachwane kufanele kube ngamaqanda abilisiwe, ushizi we-cottage shizi. Ungase futhi ondle amancanyana wosuku olulodwa ngohlamvu oluthile noma i-crusher enhle kakhulu. Awukwazi ukunikeza i-rye kuphela. Imvamisa amaphuphu anikezwa i-oat noma ummbila.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amaphuphu angaqala ukondla amakhambi amasha asikiwe. Unganika izingane, isibonelo, i-clover, i-dandelion, i-nettle, i-alfalfa, njll. Kusukela ngosuku lwesine, imfucuza yenyama, iklabishi, isidlo samathambo kungeniswa ekudleni kwamadada. Kusukela ngosuku lweshumi, amazambane abilisiwe anezelwa ekudleni kwamadada, afakwa kumishmash. Lesi sakamuva silungiselelwe kahle hhayi ngamanzi, kodwa ubisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani le-crusher elondliwe liqala ukwanda kancane kancane. Idada leBashkir kufanele lithole amaprotheni amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulokhu, uzokhula ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ukusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-24, amadada angaqala ukudedelwa echibini. Uma indawo enjalo ingekho, kufanelekile ukungeza ama-duckweed aqoshiwe noma ezinye izitshalo zasemanzini kubaxube. Izilwane ezincane kumele zidle okuphakelayo okucacisiwe okungenani isigamu sehora.
Izici Zokuqukethwe
Amadada wohlobo lweBashkir akazithobi. Kodwa-ke, kubo kusafanele ukwakha indlu enkulu nenethezekile. Kumitha elilodwa lesikwele akufanele kube ngaphezu kwezinjongo ezingama-2-3. Amadada zivame ukwakhiwa ngamapulangwe. Kufanele kube nokukhanya okuhle endlini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ikhwalithi yensipho izokonakala kumadada. Vele, indlu kufanele ibe yomile futhi ihlanzekile.
Ngemuva kokudonswa komdanso futhi komile, zifakwa ebhokisini. Ukuvimbela amaphuphu ekuqandeni ukubamba futhi kubambe amakhaza, abeka isiqaqa sokushisa esimbozwe ngendwangu ngaphansi kwaso. Ukushisa komoya osebhokisini ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwamadada kufanele kugcinwe ngama-30 degrees. Ngemuva kwesonto, baqala ukukunciphisa kancane kancane. Ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kwamadada endlini, kufanele kube ngama-22 degrees. Kufanele futhi ifudumale ku-caddy uqobo. Akufanele kuvunyelwe ukwehla ngaphansi kwama-degrees angama-18-20.
Ukukhanyisa ezinsukwini zokuqala kufanele kube ngewashi. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, iqala ukuncipha ngehora elilodwa ngosuku, kancane kancane ikulethe amahora angama-16-18.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwasekhaya
Idada elinemibala yeBashkir lizozizwa lintofontofo endlini uma umoya ohleliwe uhlelwa kulo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho okubhaliwe egumbini.
Izitsha zokuphuza nabondli banconyelwa indlu. Udoti obukhulu obunjwe nge-sawdust noma hay ubekwa phansi. Amadada athanda ukufafaza amanzi. Ngakho-ke, abaphuza kakhulu basebenzisa i-Drip. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izinyoni zimanzise udoti, kumele zitshintshwe. Njengama-feed amadada weBashkir, kanye nanoma yibaphi abanye, imikhombe yokhuni ijwayele ukusetshenziswa. Ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, kufanele kugezwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo ezahlukahlukene ezinyonini.
Phakathi kokunye, izidleke kufanele zibekwe esibayeni. Ungazidubula phansi kusuka kumabhodi ajwayelekile. Akufanele ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izingqimba ezikuzo ngeke zikwazi ukukhuphuka.
Amadada aseBashkir, ngokuzalaniswa nokulondolozwa kwawo okunzima kangako, ayizinyoni ezingatheneki futhi ezinzima. Abalethi ubunzima obuningi kubanikazi babo. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthuthukisa indlela efanelekayo yokudla ephezulu yamakhalori. Futhi-ke inyoni izothola isisindo ngokushesha bese ibeka amaqanda amaningi.
AmaBashkir khaki namadada amabele amnyama anezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza ezinamaqanda neqanda, yingakho abalimi abasebenza ngokuzalisayo abaningi bekhulisa ngentshiseko lezi zingcingo zamanzi. Lapho zibona la madada, imilenze yazo ebomvu ye-orange ebomvu nomlomo omude impela zibamba iso lawo. Umbala duck Bashkir incazelo yohlobo, amathiphu wokukhula nokugcina le nyoni axoxwa ngezansi.
Idada leBashkir: incazelo, ukulima, ukondla
Amadada weBashkir onemibala anezinzuzo eziningi, okuyinhloko okuyizinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- izinkomba zenyama neqanda,
- ukungathobeki kwemibandela yokuboshwa,
- ukumelana nesithwathwa
- ukungatheleleki kokuqina
- ukuzivumelanisa okuhle nezimo ezintsha.
Isithombe seBashkir ducks
Idada leBashkir musk linokuqukethwe okunamafutha aphansi kulesidumbu, ngakho izazi zezempilo zitusa ukudla inyama yenkukhu ezigulini ezinezifo zepheshana lesisu nesibindi, kanye nabantu asebekhulile nezingane.
Kufanelekile ukuqala ngokuzalanisa amadada aseBashkir ngokubuka amathiphu wevidiyo nezincomo ezisebenzayo ezivela kubafuyi abanolwazi. Isibonelo, isipiliyoni sibonisa ukuthi amadada weBashkir kumele agcinwe egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle. Ukuvuthwa kwamadada nenani lamaqanda abekwe ngokuqondile kuncike kulokhu. Ngokukhanya okukhanyayo okwanele nokudla okunamandla, amadada eneminyaka emibili yezinyanga angaba nesisindo esingama-3.5 kg. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanyisa amadada kuze kube sezinyangeni ezi-5 ubudala kufanele okungenani kube ngamahora ayi-10 ngosuku, futhi kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-10 - okungenani amahora angama-15.
Amachashazi asekhaya aseBashkir angabazali abahle, abanomqondo owakheke kahle wokufaka incubation. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwezilwane ezisencane kungatholakala kusetshenziswa zombili i-incubator kanye ne-duck brood. Abafuyi ngokuvamile abahlangabezana nezinkinga ngokuqakathisa, ngoba banokuphila okuhle nomzimba oqinile omelana nezifo eziningi.
Sincoma ukufunda i-athikili: Amadada weBashkir, ukubukeka.
Kukho konke lokhu, ukushiswa kwamachwane ngenkukhu yedada kunezici zayo ezinhle, ezithi:
- umama duck uzokondla izingane nezinambuzane
- isikhukhukazi sibhekana kahle nokuvikelwa kwamadada,
- ukufudumeza izilwane ezincane ngaphansi kwephiko likamama kungcono kunokushisa okufakwayo.
Abanye abazalanisi bathola amazinyane amadada ngosizo lwe-hen-hen, okukubi kakhulu kunedada ukubhekana nomsebenzi womzali. Kunoma ikuphi, ukukhula kwentsha kukhula ngokumangazayo futhi kuthola isisindo ngokushesha.
Idada elinemibala yaseBashkir linezinkomba ezikhiqiza kahle nokubukeka okuhle, kuyaqabukela ligule futhi likhule ngokushesha. Incazelo yohlobo lwedada laseBashkir, izithombe namavidiyo kuzosiza abalimi be-novice ukuba bazale futhi bagcine le nyoni ngezimo zasepulazini labo. Ungathenga amadada eBashkir kubalimi bezinkukhu abazilimayo noma epulazini lezinkukhu. Qhubeka ufunde ku-fermeru.pro.
Amazwana ngesihloko:
Uhlobo lweBashkir lwalunqamula ngokuwela izitolo ezinkulu ngePeking, ngakho amadada akho azoncipha.
Ukuze uthole inyama mulard. Kepha akhula isikhathi eside kunamadada. Impela, amaBashkirs. Idada leBlagovarskaya (Bashkir) alinasisindo esingu-2 kg ngezinsuku ezingama-75, kepha onke amathathu, okungenani nathi. Kepha banonile. Ngiyavuma. Idada yiyona eshesha kunazo zonke - isifula sishiywe ngenhla ngumhlaziyi oyedwa. Izinsuku ezingama-60 isisindo esingu-3kg. Inyama imnandi. Kuliqiniso, amadada amanoni nawo. Ukuze usheshe, njengoba umbhali weposi ebuza, lesi yisithonjana se-duck.
Little Golshtinka. Amadada aseBashkir. Woza vakashela.
Ngiyabonga nonke, ngifuna ukuzalanisa abantu abangaba ngu-1000 ukuze ngithengiswe futhi ngenze iqanda ngenani lama-ruble angama-60 ngezingcezu eziyi-10 njengoba ngithengisa inkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngizibandakanye ekuzaliseni izinkukhu uLoman Brown namadada ohlobo lweBashkir futhi kukhona umuntu ozimisele ngokufaka kuleli cala.
Amadada weGoose neBashkir awadingi ukushisa. Ungifundise ukuthi ngize enqwabeni ukuze ngilale, kepha abanye abantu abayi, bahlala emgaqweni, bezama ukumxosha - ihlazo. Namuhla ngu-20, okungenani bayithengile ekuseni.
Ukubuka lokho amadada. IBashkir ezinyangeni ezi-5 iyaqala. Abesifazane basemakhaya kamuva.
Sine-goose, amadada, amadada kamaskandi, abagijimi, amaBashkiri, nezitolo ezinkulu zasebusika ndawonye. Futhi konke kuphethwe yimindeni yabo. Yize ngalowo nyaka, iBashkir utak yayikuthanda kakhulu ukunyathela abagijimi bakadada. Kepha lokhu akusasetshenziswa lawo madada. Futhi eduze nasentwasahlobo sizohlukanisa wonke umuntu.
Ngabhala ngamadada asendle (mallard). bawele nezasekhaya (iBashkir neBeijing)
Bese ngokwahlukanisa i-corral.Ungawaphindi amaphutha ami amadada ababulale, munye kuphela i-asthena futhi bengifuna ngempela ukuzala idada laseBashkir.
Cishe awubonanga, kepha imayini yayiqala ukunyathela amadada, ngoba cishe ngezinsuku ezingama-180-200 amadada aqala ukuhlala amasende, bese kuthi uma edalwe musk, kepha ngokwesibonelo izinhlobo zohlobo lweBashkir ziqala ukuhlala ngamasende ngaphambi kokufika ku-5.5.
Amadada eBashkir anamaqanda amaningi .. 230 ngonyaka. bese ngiyanenga, omama abahle, amadada aqine kakhulu. funda ngabo.
Izilwane ezihlukumezayo zihlukunyeziwe, bese kuthi igwababa lihudule idada, bese amagundane athatha amantshontsho amane ngobusuku, bese impungushe ikleqe izinkukhu ezinkulu ezi-4 bese ihudula ezinye ezi-5. Entwasahlobo i-polecat yaqala esibayeni, yaluma izinkukhu ezimbili kanye nedada laseBashkir. Ubanjwe ogibeni oluhle.
Ingabe uhlobo olunjalo lukhona? Lezi zinkukhu zaseRussia zikhona, futhi amadada abukeka njengaseBashkir adalulwe kanye nama-Ukrainian crested! Ukuze zizalwe zidinga izinsikazi ngaphandle kwe-crest kepha zithwele uhlobo lwe-crest! lapho-ke amakhokho azoba makhulu! Bengijwayele ukubhekana nabo, bese ngishintshana nezinkukhu!
Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi idada laseBashkir elisendlini ebandayo, kudoti obukhulu (udaka lwenkuni + hay) luzobusika ubusika? Ukudla namanzi emgwaqweni. Ngabe kuzodingeka ukuvala umnyango wesitini ebusuku ebusika noma ubadedele babuye emuva njengoba befuna?
Lawa ngamabhele aseBashkir namhlophe, onke amadada.
Ngibambe ama-turkeys ayi-14, ngonyaka olandelayo angiwafuni))) ngoba ahamba edolobhana .. futhi adla izingadi zomakhelwane))) Amadada ayi-6 waseBashkir .. (njengokuthi, kuphela phezulu))) 7 asedolobheni alula lawo alwa 1 ))) amaqhude amabili amancane nenkukhu))) Amakhulu amaqhude ama-5 namantombazane ayi-3))) Ngifuna unyaka olandelayo weWyandotte, idolobha elincane nelidonsa ngendlebe)))
Ngokuphakelwa okunamandla nokuphelele, amadada aseBashkir ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, ngicabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukugcina. Lokhu, njengoba abaningi bekubiza, "inyama esheshayo."
Ebusika, i-ferret iluma idada leBashkir. Kwakunokudonsa kweBashkirian, ngathenga inhlanzi yomdabu entwasahlobo. Idrake yanyathela idada kodwa akukho neyodwa indada engazange iqhume. Idada lalihlale amaqanda amahlandla amathathu, amaqanda ahlolwe ashiywe ngumbungu. Mhlawumbe yimi nje.
Amashashazi anemibala yeBashkir (ngiyayithanda le nhlobo) Emhlophe mhlawumbe iPeking (yize iBashkirs imhlophe emsulwa) Kunoma ikuphi, thatha amantombazane amhlophe, futhi kubo ukudonsa kwe-musk, mhlawumbe inhlanhla izomamatheka.
Siyabonga ngokuba nathi!
Ingabe uyayithanda i-athikili noma unemibuzo?
Bhalisela umphakathi wethu
Izinkukhu ➤ izinkukhu, izigwaca, amahansi, amadada
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Izici zikaDashkir duck
Izici zamadada weBashkir zifaka zombili izici ezinhle nezimbi.
- Le nyoni isheshe idume futhi ijwayele izimo ezintsha.
- Izici ezinhle ezikhiqizayo aziphawuleki kuphela lapho zikhuleke emapulazini ezinkukhu, kodwa nalapho zigcinwa endaweni eyimfihlo.
- Isithelo senyama esivela ku-4 kg singama-70%. Inokunambitheka okumnandi, okubushelelezi, okunamafutha, ngaphandle kwephunga elithile. Inzuzo enkulu iyashesha - izilwane ezincane zivunyelwe ukuba zihlabane kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili zeminyaka.
Izici zikaDashkir duck
Yibuphi ubunzima bokugcinwa?
Ngokuya yesondlo, ngokuzithoba. Amadada eBashkir atshalwa ekhaya nakwindawo yezimboni. Indawo okulinywe kuyo ayinamsebenzi, kepha izimo zokuboshwa nokunakekelwa zidlala indima enkulu, ngoba zithinta izici ezikhiqizayo zenyoni.
- Okuqukethwe kungaba noma yini: amakheji, amadada, amakhorali. Into esemqoka ukuthi amazinga okushisa ngaphakathi ayengaphansi kwamadigri ayi-7 okushisa ebusika, futhi ebusika obuhle bupholile.
- Kungcono ukuphakamisa isitezi ngama-25 cm ngaphezu komhlaba ukuze kungabandi kakhulu ebusika; ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikela amagundane kufanele kwenziwe.
- Isikhathi sasemini egumbini lokugcina amahora 14. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amafasitela nokukhanya kokufakelwa kuhlelwa.
- Ukuhamba kutshalwe kakhulu ngemifino. Kungcono ukuhlomisa isixhobo sokugcina noma ukufinyelela emvelo, uma kukhona esiseduzane.
- Abaphuzayo babekwa ngaphakathi endlini nasekuhambeni. Le nyoni idinga amanzi amaningi, ihlanzekile futhi intsha. Idinga ukushintshwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku, kaningi ehlobo, ngoba isheshe ifudumele elangeni, futhi ngaphansi kwamagquma opopopo nodoti kuzowela kuwo nganoma yisiphi isivunguvungu somoya.
- Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza i-duckbill kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze izinyoni zigcinwe zihlanzekile. Okungenani kanye ngeviki, kepha kungcono njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3. Izitsha zokuphuza nabondlayo ziyahlanzwa nsuku zonke. Kanye ngesonto, kunconywa ukuthi kuxoshwe emanzini abilayo noma isisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ukubulala wonke amagciwane.
Ungawondla kanjani amadada?
Idada leBashkir linamathumbu amafushane kanye ne-metabolism esheshayo, engadala ubunzima ngokudla. Kuzoba kuhle kakhulu uma ungathola okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngohlobo lokuzalwa, kepha akubona bonke abantu abanokunethezeka okunjalo. Ukuze inyoni ithole umkhuba wezinto eziwusizo, ukudla kuthathwa okunempilo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kufake amanye amavithamini namaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi kuwo.
- Ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kunconyelwa ukwenza abaxube besilage, isidlo sotshani neklabishi. Ithanga, amazambane kanye izaqathi nazo zengezwa - le yimifino enobusika obuningi. Ukwengeza inani lokudla okunempilo, kuhlanganiswa amathambo kanye notshani kanye nosawoti.
- Ehlobo, imifino inikezwa kuphela amazambane, izaqathe kanye nethanga - iklabishi alikhishwa. Futhi, utshani nokudla kwamathambo, ama-silage awanikezwa ehlobo.
- Kusuka kumadada okusanhlamvu, ibhali, i-oats, ukolweni nommbila kunganikezwa. Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa, zixubekile futhi zichotshoziwe.
- Esitsheni esehlukile kufanele kuhlale kune-chalk, igobolondo elichotshoziwe, i-limestone, i-gravel.
- Kungcono ukuxuba usawoti wetafula ngenani elincane kuxube noma ekudleni okuhlanganisiwe, uma kungatholakali ekwakhiweni.
Yondla inyoni kathathu ngosuku, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kukhona ukuhamba noma cha. Uma inyoni ingafuni ukudla, khona-ke ngeke. Ekuseni kanye nantambama anike imashi yemifino, imifino kanye nokufakwa kwamavithamini. Kusihlwa banika okusanhlamvu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukudla komuntu omdala kufanele kube nama-55% wokuphakelwa nama-45% okusanhlamvu.
Esontweni lokuqala, amaphuphu adla amahlandla awu-8 ngosuku. Ngemuva kwalokho badluliselwa ekudleni oku-4 ngosuku. Kufika ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ekudleni, ungafaka i-cottage shizi (engenamafutha), amabele, amaqanda enkukhu (abilisiwe), imifino eosiwe, imvuthuluka yesinkwa efakwe ku-Whey. Emavikini la-7, ungakwethula kudla kwetjani kanye nesilage.
Umzimba
Umthethosisekelo uqinile, umzimba unemisipha, amaphiko awo aqonde emzimbeni. Idada leBashkir liyandiza, ngakho-ke line-keel echazwe kahle. Isifuba sikhomba phambili phambili. Amaphaphu amakhulu, kepha amafushane, ahlukaniswe kabanzi, okwenza i-gait ihambe kancane.
Ikhanda lithwetshiwe kusuka phezulu, futhi intamo emfushane igobile ngaphandle. Naphezu kobude obujwayelekile bezentamo, inama-vertebrae amaningi kunendlulamithi. Uqhotho olugobile futhi olugobile lwedada laseBashkir lukhula ngokuthwebulwa okulula kokudla kwezitshalo.
Ngokuqondene nombala, i-plumage ngombala isondele kakhulu kulokho okungokwabantu basendle. Isisekelo sabantu ngamadada amnyama anombala omhlophe (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe kanye no-grey).
Kukhona ne-duck yombala, kwesinye isikhathi umbala lo ubizwa nge- “khaki”. Zihluke komunye nomunye hhayi ngombala kuphela, kodwa futhi nekhono lokubeka amaqanda. Ngokuvamile, izinsikazi zinombala onesizotha kakhulu, ngokungafani nodrako.
Izinso kubantu bazo noma ibuphi ubulili ziyakhanya zibheke esiswini, futhi uqhwaku nemilenze kungolintshi noma kucishe kube yi-ocher. Babukeka bejwayelekile: kunenkolelo yokuthi imidwebo ebonakalayo ivezwa izungeze imilenze nezindebe.
Izimpaphe zeBashkir azithonyelwanga umswakama, futhi amalunga awanayo imiphetho yezinzwa. Lokhu kuvumela idada ukuthi liqhubekele kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Ungazalela kanjani iBashkir zohlobo?
Ukudepha kungenzeka nge-incubator noma umama hen. Idada laseBashkir lihlukaniswa ngumqondo okhulayo wemvelo yomama. Lapho zizalela ngendlela yemvelo, insikazi ingavikela inzalo ngomhawu ngisho nakuwo umfuyi, ukuze imvimbe ekutholeni amadada amancane.
Ukuzala Dashkir duck
Lapho ziboshelwa kufakwe emanzini, kufakwa abantu abasha ngemuva kokuzalwa, lapho behlala khona amasonto okuqala ezimpilo zabo. Lapho anikezwa izimo zokuphila ezifanelekileyo, ukondla okujwayelekile, ukunakekelwa.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala, izinga lokushisa lekamelo kufanele libe ngama-30 degrees, kuthi ngosuku lama-21 kancane kancane lehliswe libe ngama-18 degrees. Ngemuva kokuba amantshontsho esejwayele, angadedelwa edulini nasendaweni yokugcina umama.
Amahora wosuku ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kufanele abe ubusuku nemini. Ngosuku lwama-21 luyancishiswa (kancane kancane) luye emahoreni ayi-10, futhi kusukela enyangeni yesi-5 luphinde lukhushulwe lube amahora angama-15.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokuzalanisa okungokwemvelo, amazinga okushisa nokukhanyisa kunzima ukukugcina. Kulokhu, amadada athuthela egumbini elibiyelwe eduze konina lapho angenza khona izimo ezidingekayo, noma anikezwe ngokuphelele ukunakekelwa kowesifazane, ozobanakekela. Ngokusho kwabahwebi, noma ngaphandle kokubheka umbuso wamazinga okushisa nokukhanyisa, izinga lokusinda kwezilwane ezincane liphezulu.
Uhlobo lwezinyoni
AmaBashkirs abhekwa njengezinyoni ezinomsindo: izwi lawo libukhali futhi lihlukile ngevolumu. Abantu bahlala bekhuluma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Futhi uzokuzwa uthuthumela ngokuqinile uma inyoni ijabule. Isimo esiyingqayizivele wohlobo lokuzala ukuthi abesifazane kuphela abangakunyamalala.
IDrake isebenze kancane futhi ihlakaniphile, kodwa kuyaqabukela ingena ezingxabanweni. Zingahlukaniswa ngokuziphatha kwazo: abesilisa bavame ukuyekela abesifazane phambili futhi babalandele.
Noma kunjalo, le nyoni ayinalo ulaka hhayi kubafowabo kuphela, kodwa nezinyoni ezincane. Zingagcinwa endlini ejwayelekile nasendleleni ehamba ngezinyawo noma izigwaca ezincane.
Isisindo samadada nezimpawu zenyama
IBashkirka ithola inani lenyama ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokubanjiswa. Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba, ukuqala kwabo kokuqala komuthi, isisindo sokwehla kancane. Izinyanga ezimbili nesigamu zanele kudada weBashkir ukufinyelela amakhilogremu amathathu ngesisindo, futhi ama-drakes akhula abe ngu-4.
Amadada avela eBashkiria anama-70% enyama, futhi athambile futhi awaniphunga elimnandi. Zinezinqe ezinamafutha amancane (izinkomba zibanga phakathi kuka-1.8% no-3.9%).
Ngenxa yalokhu, inyama yeBashkir ibhekwa njengokudla. Ngokuqukethwe kwekhwalithi ephezulu ephezulu kanye nokudla okufanele, amaBashkiri athola isisindo esithe xaxa ezigabeni zokuqala zokuphila. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi akufanele ugcine idada lenyama isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ayi-7, kepha abafuyi bezilwane baxabana kakhulu ngalolu daba.
Amaqanda eBashkirok
Kakade ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila, idada lowesifazane iBashkir selikwazi ukuqala ukubeka amaqanda. Iqanda eliyisilinganiso elilodwa linesisindo esingama-90 amagremu. Ngonyaka kusuka kowesifazane oyedwa ungathola amaqanda angaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Inani eliqondile lamaqanda lincike kumbala wamadada.
Okumnyama nokumhlophe kuletha unyaka kusuka emaqanda angama-230 kuya kwangama-270, nezinyoni ezinenqwaba yamaqanda e-khaki - ama-210-250 amaqanda ezinyangeni eziyi-12.
Ngokungafani nenyama, amaqanda adume ngokuqukethwe kwawo kilojoule ephezulu (i-185 kcal ngamagremu ayi-100). Imvamisa amaqanda edada awasetshenziswa ekuphekeni, kepha lokhu akusebenzi kumadada aseBashkir.
Amaqanda asetshenziswa futhi phakathi nezinqubo zezimonyo njengengxenye yemithi yendabuko. Ngenxa yokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, amadada weBashkir kancane kancane atshintsha ezinye izinhlobo ezivela emapulazini.
Ungayithenga kuphi i-duckling eRussia
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuzalela amadada wohlobo lweBashkir, lapho-ke udinga ukuthenga inyoni yokuzalanisa. Kuhle ukuthenga amadada epulazini lokufuya, noma emapulaziniabagxile ekuzaleni amadada aseBashkir.
Yebo, ungathenga amadada emakethe noma kubahwebi abazimele. Kepha kulokhu akukhosiqiniseko sokuthi la madada azohambisana ngokuphelele nawo wonke amapharamitha ahambelana nalokhu kuzalanisa. Emapulazini okufuya, asondela ngokuqinile ekukhetheni abantu abazalanayo futhi aqaphe kangcono impilo yezinyoni. Ukuthola lapho ungathenga khona ngempela amadada wohlobo lweBashkir, vele uvule i-Intanethi. Cishe kuzo zonke izifunda kunamapulazi enza lo msele futhi athengise izilwane ezincane. Abaningi baze bahlele ukulethwa ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho ukuze inyoni ingabi nokuxineka okukhulu lapho ihamba.
Ungathenga amadada noma amaqanda okuzalela okufakwayo, okuyi-100% evumelana nokuzalela kwakho, esikhungweni sokuzalela nofuzo wokufuya izinkukhu "Pleptivia Blagovarsky", oseBashkortostan. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulapho lapho amadada ohlobo lweBashkir ayalaliswa.
Izinzuzo zohlobo
- I-hatchability yeqanda idlula i-80%, okuyisinkomba esihle sedada lasekhaya. Basheshe bakhule isisindo noma besemncane,
- Izinyoni ziyamelana nezifo eziningi futhi zinokuzivikela komzimba okuhle,
- Amadada weBashkir adunyiswa kalula kunoma yiziphi izimo zemvelo,
- Inyama inokuqukethwe okunamafutha aphansi, ipulazi lingasetshenziselwa amaqanda, i-fluff Bashkir,
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwamadada kukuvumela ukuthi uthole inani eliphezulu lamaqanda kulo lonke umjikelezo wabo wokuphila,
- Izinyoni azimnandi kangako, ngakho-ke abanikazi akudingeki ukuthi basebenzise imali emihlanganweni yokuphakela ebizayo,
- Abesilisa bekadashini weBashkir banesifiso esihle ngobuhle futhi bayohlobisa noma yiliphi ipulazi,
- Ukufutheka kweBashkir kwenza ukuthi kugcinwe ezindlini ezivamile, ngoba akubeki usongo kwabanye abamele iziloba.
Isigaxa sedada laseBashkir
Idada elinjalo alinawo amaphutha. Okuwukuphela kwengozi yohlobo lokuthi ukukhiqiza kwalo kuphansi kunalokho kwabagijimela baseNdiya abavamile eRussia.
Amadada weBashkir adinga ukufinyelela njalo kwizindawo ezinkulu zamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi okulahlwa kwekhwalithi. AmaBashkiri futhi ahlukaniswa yisifiso esihle sokudla (empeleni, lokhu kungashiwo ngazo zonke izinhlobo zamadada). Uma udonsa kakhulu amadada, angakha ukukhuluphala.
Kwabancane
Amadada edada laseBashkir aqinile: ame ema-paws awo ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa nje ngemuva kokuzalwa futhi abe namathambo aqinile. Kodwa ukuzalanisa ekhaya kubandakanya izidingo eziningi.
Lapho nje amadada ephuma eshalofini lamaqanda, kudingeka afuduselwe egumbini elifudumele elilungiselelwe. Kufanele ibe nokukhanya okufakwayo, kanti ngenkathi amadada esephele inyanga, gcina amazinga okushisa ngamazinga angama-30. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcina phansi ifudumele (ikakhulukazi ebusika).
Lapho izinyoni ziphenduka izinsuku ezingama-22 ubudala, udinga ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lekamelo libe ngama-17 degrees. Ukusuka kulezi zinsuku, ungavumela amadada ngenkukhu ethosiwe ukuba ashiye igumbi futhi ahambe.
Indawo enhle yokuphuma yichibi elincane. Uma lokhu kungekho kusayithi lakho, zama ukudala ngokwakho. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni ngokomzimba kwamadada aseBashkir. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, qala ukulawula amahora okukhanya kwelanga egumbini: kusukela ngeviki lesithathu, ukhanyise amalambu amahora ayi-10-14. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10, yelula ibe ngu-15.
Njengabazali babo, amadada awathobeki kokudla okunempilo. Ungabondla ngemiksi efanayo oyinikeza abantu abadala bakadayi waseBashkir. Kodwa kuhle ukufaka ama-greens, i-cottage shizi ongabhalwanga namaqanda enkukhu abilisiwe ekudleni kwe-bashkirok encane.
Lapho inakekelwa kahle, lonke idada ledada lisinda lize lifinyelele kubudala obuncane bokuhlatshwa. Imvamisa ngalesi sikhathi, amaBashkiri athole ama-70% esisindo sabadala.
Emadada amadala
Amachashazi aseBashkir akathobeki. Bazivumelanisa kalula nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, kepha kukhona izindlela zokudala induduzo yalezi zinyoni:
- Amadada aseBashkir adla ngentokozo konke akuthola egcekeni, kepha ukudla kwawo kudinga ukulawulwa. Banikeze ukudla kathathu ngosuku ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, kepha ungavumeli ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Imvamisa ekuseni nase ntambama bayixuba i-semi-liquid, futhi kusihlwa - ukudla okuqinile, i.e. izinhlamvu zokuxubha. Okondla amadada aseBashkir, isalage, okusanhlamvu, i-Jerusalem artichoke, okuphakelayo okukhethekile okuthengiwe, imvubelo yokudla, ukudla kotshani kanye nosiba ongavuthiwe kufanelekile. Kuvunyelwe ukwengeza izaqathe kanye nezinhloko zeklabishi elimhlophe, uginindela wethanga ekudleni. Le mikhiqizo ibaluleke kakhulu ebusika.
- Faka amatshe amatshe amancane. Inika amandla inqubo yokugaya yaseBashkirs, ngoba ezinye izicubu zezitshalo ziyafiphala ngaphakathi kwesisu. Ungakhohlwa ukucebisa izingxube zokuphakelwa ngamaminerali kanye nama-vitamin complexes enkukhu.
- Nikeza izinyoni ukufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile. Okokuqala, amadada aseBashkir asheshe avale ukuphuza, kanti okwesibili, adinga amalitha ama-1-2 amanzi ngosuku.
- Shintsha imibhede njalo ngezinsuku ezintathu. Ukugwema ukutheleleka okuyingozi, zama ukuhlanza ubeke ukuhamba.
- Nikeza amadada akho ngokukhanya okwanele. Amahora wemini ephelele endlini yabo yepeni noma yenkukhu kufanele abe amahora angama-15.Ukukhanya okusendaweni yesikhala kusekelwa ngamalambu ejwayelekile asebenzisa phakathi kwama-wat angama-35 no-45.
- Bukela izinguquko zokushisa, vikela izinyoni emoyeni. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ebusika izinga lokushisa elisendlini elinamadada akufanele liwe ngaphansi kuka-+7 degrees Celsius.
- Gcina umswakama ofanele ngo-60% noma ku-75%, khetha inkomba, uqaphe ukomela esibayeni. Ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okuphezulu, nikeza indlu umoya omncane wokufakelwa.
- Ukuvikela amadada weBashkir kusuka kuma-rodents, phakamisa isentimitha ama-25 noma ama-30 amasentimitha bese umboza ngezinto ezikhethekile ezingakwazi ukunqunda izinambuzane. Beka izidleke ezidlekayo eduze kwezindonga ukuze zitholakale kalula. Zama ukutshala utshani futhi unikeze amadada ukufinyelela emthonjeni wamanzi ovulekile.
Ngesikhukhukazi
Ngeke kube nezinkinga uma amachwane amadada edonswa ngendlela yemvelo. Lokhu kunengqondo kakhulu emagcekeni amancane, lapho kungasizi khona ukugcina i-incubator isebenzisa amandla amaningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yokushisa nomoya omncane wemvelo ovela kudada wangempela uphakeme kakhulu. Idada likamama lizonakekela izingane ngemuva kokuqokwa, ngoba amadada aseBashkir anomqondo onengqondo wokubeletha.
Amadada aseBashkir azalanisa ngokuphephile ukuvimbela kwawo amazinyane nezinsana, azifundisa ukubhukuda, athole ukudla ezindaweni ezivulekile. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukunaka impilo kanye nemizwa yesikhukhukazi. Amadada wohlobo lweBashkir anempilo enhle, kepha kusuka kudada angangenwa yizifo eziyingozi.
Isithambisi
- Kusukela ekubekeni amaqanda edada ukuya ekubekweni kwawo ku-incubator, akumele kudlule izinsuku ezingama-5. Gcina amaqanda emazingeni okushisa angeqi ku-13 degrees hhayi ngaphansi kwama-9. Ngesikhathi sokugcina, uwaguqule amahlandla ambalwa ngosuku. Musa ukusebenzisa amaqanda anama-chips noma omunye umonakalo emzimbeni.
- Ngemuva kokwelapha izifo kanye namagciwane ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate, zibeke ku-incubator ngokushisa kwama-38 degrees Celsius. Ziguqule njalo ngamahora ayi-6, ugcine umswakama ngo-70%,
- Esontweni lesibili lokuba semishini yokusebenza, yambula amaqanda njalo ngamahora ama-4. Khulisa ukuhamba komoya futhi kwehlise umswakama ku-60%,
- Ukusuka ngosuku 15 kuya ku-25, ungashintshi ama-microclimate, kodwa amaqanda edada apholile imizuzu engaba ngu-20 kabili ngosuku. Ngenxa yezinqubo ze-biochemical, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kweqanda likhuphuka, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ngokwanda kokuphola,
- Ngezinsuku ezingama-28 wonke amaqanda kufanele aqandeke. Inqubo yokubambeka izokwenza lula ukwanda komswakama kuze kufike ku-90% futhi ikhulise ukugeleza kwezixuku zomoya. Lokhu kuzokwenza igobolondo libe lincane kakhulu.
Impilo yedada laseBashkir
Amadada avela eBashkiria amelana ngokuqinile nezifo eziningi zezinyoni. Kepha futhi akasindisi isibalo sezinyoni kuzo zonke izimo.
Landela lezi zeluleko ukuvikela izinyoni ezindala nezincane:
- Ngaphambi kokulungisa igumbi ledada elincane, gxilisa amagciwane. Kulula kakhulu ukuyiphatha nge-sodium hydroxide noma hydrogen peroxide. Misa igumbi okungenani izinsuku ezi-4. Isigaba sokugcina sithathwa njengombala omhlophe ngo-20%. Kudingeka izendlalelo ezimbili noma ezintathu.
- Hlukanisa abantu osola ukuthi uyagula. Akunzima ukukhomba okunje phakathi kwabanye: idada alisebenzi, alizinzile lapho lihamba, isifiso salo sokudla asivezwa kahle. Imvamisa iplamu lezinyoni ezinjalo liyaphanjaniswa, futhi amaphiko ehlisiwe ngokungafanele ngokwemvelo. Ukuze ungatheleleki kuyo yonke indawo, faka inyoni enjalo esibayeni esakhiwe ngaphambi kokuhlala.
- Ungakushayi indiva ukuya kudokotela wezilwane ukuyokugoma amawadi akho. Qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nochwepheshe wezinkukhu uma usola ukuthi kuqalile ubhubhane ekhaya lakho. Ukungenelela ngesikhathi esifanele kwezokwelapha kuzonciphisa ukulahleka. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukutshala amadada akho uma ungabaza ngokholo oluhle lomphakeli noma uma uzilethele ngokwakho.
- Ungavilili ukushintsha udoti ngesikhathi. Impilo ephezulu kakhulu yezinsuku ezintathu. Iqiniso ngukuthi amadada aseBashkir akhetha kakhulu amanzi futhi ajwayele ukuwafafaza kuzo zonke izindlela. Utshani obomile obomile baba yindawo ekahle yokuzalanisa yama-microorganisms ayingozi.
- Zama ukungagcini amantshontsho amadada eyodwa emhlambini owodwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, amathuba okutheleleka anda kakhulu. Bahlukanise kuze kube yilapho abancane beqinile ngokwanele futhi bemelana ngokwanele nesifo.