UManul kanye nabameleli be-fauna abangu-822 ngaphezulu kwi-encyclopedia
Izilwane zamachibi - Lesi ngesinye sezingxenye ezibalulekile nezihehayo kakhulu ku-encyclopedia yethu ngezilwane zasendle. Izilwane zasendle zihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi Izilwane zamachibi - Le yingxenye ebalulekile yayo. Uhlu lwezilwane ezikwisigaba esingezansi luzovuselelwa njalo ngezinhlobo ezintsha. Zonke izilwane ezikulesi sigaba esingezansi zinesithombe, igama nencazelo eningilizayo. Izithombe zipholile impela :) Ngakho-ke ubuye kaningi! Ungakhohlwa ukusibhalisa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, futhi uzohlala ungowokuqala ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izilwane ezintsha ezivele ku-encyclopedia yethu. Ngikufisela inhlanhla
Izici zamachibi
Ngokungafani nemifula, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi emvelo akunazondo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona ezasolwandle. Enye into ehlukanisa usawoti wamanzi ohlukile. Ngakho-ke, ichibi elijule kakhulu yiBaikal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impela kuyinto. Ukwakheka okumangazayo echibini leCaspian (bona isithombe). Ngokwesakhiwo sosawoti, amanzi aso afana ne-olwandle olwandle. Kwakuyilwandle iCaspian. Manje sekuyichibi. Izinguquko zenzeka ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana olwandle.
Kunezici eziningi. Kukhona amachibi ohlobo olusezingeni eliphezulu lwangaphansi, kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobumo. Abatholi kuphela amanzi emvula. Ziphinde zondliwe imifula engaphansi komhlaba.
Izindawo zeHabitat
Izimbali nezilwane zamachibi kunomlingiswa wazo okhethekile. Ngokuyisisekelo, imizimba yamanzi yemvelo yindawo yokuhlala yabameleli bezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile, kanye neyamanzi ambalwa kasawoti.
Inani lezinto eziphilayo echibini liqukethe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
1. IPlankton. Iqoqo lezidalwa ezincane ezithwalwa ngamanzi ngamatshe.
2. Bentos. Leli qembu lifaka izinto eziphilayo ezinendawo yazo enhlabathini noma phansi kwechibi.
3. INecton. Izinto eziphilayo ezifakwe kuleli qembu ziyizilwane ezihlala emanzini.
Omakhelwane bechibi, njengomthetho, batholakala ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala ilitha. Le ndawo eyimboza ngokuphelele indawo engasogwini. Owesibili ukungcoliswa. Le ndawo inamachibi echibini elijulile, okubandakanya phansi kanye nobubanzi bamanzi aseduze. Isigaba sesithathu yi-pelagic. Kumboza isisindo samanzi esisele.
I-Flora
Amachibi ahlukile endaweni ye-zonal yamathanga ezitshalo zasemanzini nasogwini. Uhlobo lwezimbali luyashintsha ngokujula okwandayo. Ngakho-ke, amathokheni e-sedge ahlala egcekeni lamanzi angajulile. Akatholakali ekujuleni kwemitha eyodwa, emaphethelweni amanzi. Lapha kukhula amahlamvu womcibisholo ne-chythorn, ama-buckwheat, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingamaxhaphozi.
Ngokukhula ngokujula kumamitha amabili noma amathathu, kuzoqala indawo yokuzala. Indawo yamahhashi yamanzi, umhlanga, nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo kule ndawo.
Indawo yezimbali enamaqabunga entantayo ijulile ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Kukhona iminduze yamanzi (iminduze yamanzi), i-rdest ezintantayo, kanye namaphilisi weqanda. Ekujuleni kwamamitha amane kuya kwezinhlanu indawo yezitshalo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kufaka ikhanda nekhanda, kanye nemivini ebanzi.
Yiziphi izinhlanzi ezihlala echibini?
Izilwane zemizimba yamanzi zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Echibini ungathola cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, iningi lihlala lapho unomphela.
Yiziphi izinhlanzi ezihlala echibini? Ku-littoral zone, i-blak kanye ne-pike, i-perch kanye ne-goby kuyatholakala. Kunezinhlanzi ezikhetha ukuhlala zijule. Lokhu kufaka i-burbot kanye ne-whitefish. Lezi yizakhamizi zamachibi aseRussia ahlala esifundeni se-pelagic. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ziyahamba ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo, ehlobo, ama-cyprinid athola ukudla nendawo yokukhosela emanzini asendaweni yokukhanya. Ebusika, behlela ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zechibi. Alandelwa ngabazingeli.
IBaikal
Emachibini amakhulu namabhayidlana amancanyana, izimbali nezilwane akufani neze nokuhluka kwemizimba emincane yamanzi. I-Shellfish kanye neminenke kufihla usilika. Ama-pikes azingela futhi ahlasele izidumbu ezingxenyeni zamanzi. Kodwa-ke, kulezo zindawo lapho ukujula kubalulekile, izimo zishintsha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo, phansi kweLake Baikal kusebangeni elingamakhilomitha nekhilomitha ukusuka phezulu kobuso bamanzi. Umzimba onjalo ojulile unezinto eziphilayo zawo. Imiphakathi yezilwane eziphila kudala eyakheka kulo mbuso wamanzi owodwa ayitholi ukuphindiselwa kabusha ngaphandle. Isilwane esizulazulayo singangena echibini kuphela ngokumelene nenkambo yomfula ugelezela kuyo. Futhi lokhu akwanele noma ngubani.
Izilwane ezincane
IBaikal yindawo yezidalwa ezinama-unicellular elula kunazo zonke. Ukudla kwabo kungama-bacteria, i-microalgae. Ama-invertebrates ama-multionellular eLake Baikal ahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Okudume kunazo zonke yisiqephu saseBaikal. Lawa ma crustaceans amancane ayizakhamizi zekholamu lamanzi echibi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-epishura ihlanza ngokuphelele amanzi e-Baikal ngesisetshenziswa sayo sokuhlunga, esinezinwele kanye namabhulashi asendaweni yomlomo.
Inhlabathi enamadwala echibi kuyindawo yesipanji. Lezi yizilwane ezixakile kakhulu ezihlala ama-zeros. Amakoloni angashintshi ama-invertebrates amancane agcinwe nge-microalgae emhlobeni ehlukahlukene eluhlaza. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwakheka kwalawa makholomu kufana namakhorali asolwandle.
Izibungu zezinhlobo ezingafani ezingamashumi amahlanu zezimpukane ze-caddis zitholakala ngaphansi kwamazibuko eBaikal nasemanzini angajulile osogwini. Ukukhula, abantu ngabanye bashiya imvelo yasemanzini.
Fauna
Yiziphi izinhlanzi ezitholakala eLake Baikal? Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu nambili zatholakala emanzini ayo. Le nombolo ifaka i-Baikal omul. Ungummeleli womndeni we-whitefish. I-Baikal ej ingeyezinhlanzi ezidayiswayo futhi ingudaba lokudotshwa kwezemidlalo. Ihlala ezigodini zemithambeka engaphansi kwamanzi etholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha amathathu namashumi amahlanu.
Amachibi Amakhulu ayindlela enkulu yokuqongelelwa kwamanzi amasha emhlabeni.
Imigodi yamachibi aqhamuka emthambekeni, umzimba wawo wamanzi kanye nasogwini oluhlalwa yizilwane eziningi. Umcebo wemvelo weNorth American Great Lakes usengozini. Ugu lolwandle olungamakhilomitha angama-13,300 luyindawo yokuzijabulisa lapho isikhombisa sabantu base-US kanye nokwesihlanu kubo bonke abahlali baseCanada kuphumula. Abantu bangcolisa imvelo futhi bonakalisa izindawo zemvelo. Ukuthuthuka kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nezokudoba ngekhulu le-19 kwabangela ukufuduka kwezigidi zabantu eChicago, Detroit, Ontario, Michigan, nase-Illinois. Ukwanda kwabantu basemadolobheni kube nomthelela omubi esimweni samachibi. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, amachibi amakhulu ayingcolile kangangokuba cishe azikho izidalwa eziphilayo ezazihlala kuzo. ILake Ontario ithintwe wukuthuthuka kohlelo lokuthuthwa kwamanzi. IGreat Lakes yaqala ukutakulwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Namuhla, amachibi amakhulu asengozini.
Ngo-1925, kwenziwa ipaki yezwe ukuvikela amabhishi anesihlabathi nodaka olusogwini lweLake Michigan. IGeorgian Bay - itheku elisenyakatho neLake Huron - yathola isimo sepaki yezwe ngo-1929 ("Seogdiap Wow Isiapsi Imaiopai Ragk"). Indawo ephelele yalesi siqiwi ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-12. Isibonakaliso saso siqhingi saseFloroverpot, esaziwa ngegama laso ezinsikeni ezimbili ezinkulu zamatshe ezidakiwe zemvelo, ezisogwini. Ebusika, ipaki kazwelonke ivulekele izivakashi kuphela lapho iqhwa kuGeorgian Bay likhulu ngokwanele - imvamisa kusukela maphakathi noJanuwari kuya kuMashi.
Fauna of the Great Lakes
Amaqiniso Ahehayo:
- ILake Superior yichibi lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
- Umthamo wamanzi ayo yonke imizimba emihlanu yamanzi afakiwe ohlelweni olukhulu lwamachibi yi-22528 km3.
- Ukusuka eLake Ontario, amanzi ayi-6,600 m3 angena kuMfula iSt Lawrence umzuzwana.
- Izindawo zokugcina izinto ezakha uhlelo lwe-Great Lakes zingafakwa kuhlu kuqalwa kusukela kwelikhulu kunazo zonke: iLake Superior, iHuron, iMichigan, i-Erie ne-Ontario. IGreat Lakes yakha umngcele wemvelo phakathi kwe-USA neCanada. Indawo ephelele yamachibi ingamakhilomitha-skwele angama-250,000.
Izakhamizi zasogwini zoLwandle Olukhulu
Iziqhingi namahlathi asogwini aseLwandle Olukhulu ayikhaya lezilwane ezincelisayo eziningi. Ngokwesibalo sezilwane ezidlayo, impisi, i-lynx ejwayelekile nebomvu zivame kakhulu. Izidlakudla zivame ukuphanga inyamazane, inyamazane enomsila omhlophe, amahashe amhlophe kanye nama-squirrel abomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impisi ibuye isebenzise ama-beaver aseCanada - izinduku ezinkulu ezihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini futhi zakhe izindlu zazo ogwini. Enye i-rodent - muskrat - ihola indlela yokuphila efana naleyo ye-beavers.
Izakhamizi ezincane ezisogwini lweGreat Lakes zihlanganisa onogwaja baseFlorida, ama-voles ama-pine, ama-lemmings asenyakatho anogundane nama-squirrels andizayo. Amabhere aya emachibini asezindaweni ezitholakala kude nezindawo zokuhlala.
Ekupheleni kwe-Ice Age, ngenxa yokuhamba kwezixha zeqhwa emiseleni yomfula, kwavela izisulu ezinkulu, ngemuva kokuba iqhwa liphelile, bagcwala amanzi. Kwakheka kanjalo-ke amachibi amakhulu - ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwamanzi amasha emhlabeni. Linye lamachibi ayisihlanu linendawo yalo ehlukile. Amaphethelo eLake Superior ngobukhulu azungezwe iziqongo zezintaba.
Ezolimo zakhiwa nasezindaweni eziphansi ezisogwini lweLake Michigan, kanye namabhishi anesihlabathi. Ogwini oluseningizimu yaleli chibi kunedola elikhulu laseChicago elisisigidi sezigidi, elingumthombo wokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Ugu lweLake Erie lubhukuda. Leli chibi selishaywe kanzima yimfucuza yezimboni. ILake Erie liseningizimu impela neGreat Lakes. Itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-172 ngenhla kolwandle, ngamamitha angama-4 ngaphansi kweLake Huron namamitha ayi-102 ukuphakama kuneLake Ontario, elixhumene nayo yiNiagara Falls. Indawo u-Erie ithatha amamitha skwele angama-24,491.94. km ngobude obungama-402 km nobubanzi obuyi-50 kuye ku-100 km.
Isithombe: URichard Lloyd
Izinyoni Zamachibi Amakhulu
Ngentwasahlobo, ama-terns ajwayelekile noma echibini kanye ne-skuas esidlekeni eziqhingini zindiza lapha. IGreat Lakes iyindawo ebusika ebusika yezinyoni eziningi, njengamadada namarhanisi, njengama-mobiles olwandle, amatilosi asolwandle, i-gogol ejwayelekile ne-Canada Goose. I-polar gull, noma i-burgomaster, nayo ibusika ogwini. Ukhuni oluncane lwaseMelika oluhlala emahlathini, kanye nezidleke ngasogwini lwamachibi. Kwesinye isikhathi uhlala lapha ebusika.
Emahlathini e-Great Lakes, kuhlala ama-Finish nama-shishkari amaningi. Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu umbono wesidumbu, omeleli baso abafika ezindaweni zezidleke ezitholakala emahlathini entwasahlobo. I-plumage esemakhanda alezi zinyoni ishaya ngombala wayo onsomi onsomi. Ezindaweni eziningi, ogwini lweLwandle Olukhulu lubhukuda. Ikakhulu iningi lamaxhaphozi eduze neLake Erie - Charadriiformes ahlala kuwo.
Izakhamizi zamanzi eLwandle Olukhulu
Kunezilwane eziningi eziLwandle zase-Upper naseMichigan ezingabameleli abajwayelekile bamanzi abandayo nabamnyama asenyakatho. Ama-shrimps amangalisayo nama-crustaceans ahlala lapha, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili zama-Copepods. Ezindaweni ezifudumele ezingashoni nemifuleni edla la machibi, kuphakama izibonda eziphuzi, amaphayiphu kanye namatshe amatshe, adla izibungu zezinambuzane, iminenke nezibungu.
Isithombe: Sandra Bysshe
Kuwo wonke amachibi ayisihlanu kukhona ama-salmon, i-lake trout, i-whitefish efudukayo yaseMelika kanye ne-cyprinid. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yokwanda kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi nokusatshalaliswa kwamagciwane e-lamprey, amanani abo anciphile kakhulu. Ama-lampreys ngokushesha anezidumbu zamanzi endawo ngenxa yenethiwekhi yemisele yokufakelwa exhuma amachibi.
Zanda ngokushesha futhi zacishe zacekela phansi imvelo yama-salmon ne-trout. Ukulwa nezibani zesibani esidla izindwani emachibini, baqala ukuzala izitha zabo zemvelo - ngenxa yalokhu, ibhalansi yemvelo ibuyiselwa kancane kancane.
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