Indlovu yase-Afrika inkulu kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba zanamuhla. Izindlovu zihlala emihlambini, eholwa ngowesifazane onolwazi kakhulu. Umuntu oyedwa akakwazi ukulahleka, njengoba amalungu omhlambi exhumana nomunye ngemisindo ayizwayo ngisho noma ikude kwamakhilomitha ayi-5.

Njengamanje, izindlovu zihlala ikakhulu emapaki ezwekazi nasezigcinweni ezithile. Bahlala eSouth kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Afrika.

Ngokuqondene nendawo, izinhlobo ezimbili zezindlovu ziyahlukaniswa:

Izindlovu nemikhuba yazo

Izindlovu zikhetha izikhala ezinezihlahla endaweni eseduze namanzi okuphila. Ngenkathi yemvula, zidla izitshalo ezikhula emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi amakhambi.

₽ Dala incazelo ye-carousel Faka Izingubo ezinamasosha asemkhathini! Dala i-carousel Faka incazelo Usizo ekukhetheni izinsizakalo zezezimali / izinhlanganoIHyundai Crete 2019. Amanani

Ngenkathi yesomiso, izindlovu ziyahamba ziyofuna ukudla emahlathini akhiwe phezulu.

Lezi zilwane ezinhle zihlala emihlambi yabantu abangafika kwabangu-50. Amabanga amade ahamba nsuku zonke eyofuna ukudla namanzi. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu omhlambi kunamandla kakhulu, abagulayo noma abalimele bahlala benakekelwa.

Isiqu

Mhlawumbe isici esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke sendlovu, isiqu eside. Akusona isitho sokuhogela nokuthinta kuphela, sisetshenziselwa nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu nokuzivikela. Ngesiqu, indlovu ingathatha izinto ngokunembile noma ukudla. Linamandla kangangokuba isilwane esidala siyakwazi ukuphakamisa isihlahla sonke nesiqu saso.

Imisebenzi

Izindlovu zezindlovu empeleni zingamazinyo amade. Ngosizo lwabo, izilwane zimba izimpande futhi zisuse amagxolo ezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, indlovu imba izimbobo emhlabathini ngezinsimbi zayo ezinamandla ifuna amanzi.

Zombili izinhlobo zezindlovu zase-Afrika nezaseNdiya zisengozini. Imvamisa baba yizisulu zabazingeli abazingela izimbumbulu zabo, okuwumthombo wophondo lwendlovu obalulekile.

Kungani indlovu yase-Afrika inezindlebe ezinkulu?

Izindlovu, njengazo zonke izilwane ezinkulu, kufanele zixazulule inkinga yokushiswa komzimba ngokweqile. Izindlebe ezinkulu zisiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba elifanele.

Izindlebe zihlinzeka nge-thermoregulation endlovu.

Uyakwazi lokho?

• Indlovu yase-Afrika isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni, njengoba ingenazitha zemvelo.
• Indlovu ifinyelela kumamitha angama-6-7,5 ubude futhi ingaba nesisindo esingamathani amahlanu.
• Izitshalo ezidliwa yindlovu esikhulile nsuku zonke zakha cishe ama-5% esisindo somzimba waso.
• Indlovu idla cishe amalitha angama-220 amanzi ngosuku.
• Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, indlovu yengane ingaba nesisindo esingu-120 kg.
• Lapho indlovu ifuna ukuphumula, imvamisa ibekwa eceleni. Angalala futhi emi, ancike esihlahleni.
• Ukuze isuse izimuncagazi esikhunjeni, indlovu ivame ukuzifafaza ngomhlabathi noma nothuli.
• Indlovu yase-Afrika ikhula ngesivinini lapho igijima amabanga amafushane amabanga angama-35 km / h.

• Indlovu enkulu kunayo yonke yaqoshwa ngemisila engu-4.2 m, 10 m ubude nesisindo samathani ayi-12,7.
• Isikhumba somzimba wendlovu efinyelela ku-4 cm ubukhulu.
• Izindlovu ziyaxhumana ngemisindo yemvamisa ephansi kakhulu engabonwa yindlebe yomuntu (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-infrasound). Bangezwa omunye nomunye yize ukude ngamakhilomitha ayi-5.
• Izindlovu ziyaphuza, zincela amanzi ngesiqu, bese ziyithululela emilonyeni yazo.
• Izindlovu zibhukuda kahle futhi zikujabulela ukubhukuda.
• Indawo yendlebe yendlovu ingafinyelela amamitha amabili skwele.
• Izindlovu zisebenzisa izindlebe zazo ukupholisa imizimba yazo.
• Ama-molars endlovu makhulu kakhulu, anesisindo esingama-3.7 kg ubude obungu-30 cm nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10. Zishintsha izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi sokuphila: ku-15, amazinyo obisi athathelwa indawo ngamazinyo angapheli, ukushintshwa okulandelayo kwamazinyo kwenzeka ku-30 ​​kuya ku-40. Amazinyo okugcina aqeda lapho eneminyaka yobudala engama-65-70, emva kwalokho isilwane siphelelwa amandla okudla ngokujwayelekile futhi sifa ukukhathala.

Ubukhulu:

• Ukukhula kowesilisa - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-3.5 m (amarekhodi angama-4.2 m), izintokazi kusuka ku-2.2 kuye ku-2.6-2.8 m
• Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buqala ku-6 kuye ku-7.5 m (irekhodi lamamitha ayi-10), izinsikazi zisuka ku-4.9 kuye ku-6.2 m
• Isisindo sowesilisa sisukela kumathani amane kuya kwayi-6 (amarekhodi ayi-12), izinsikazi zisukela kumathani angama-2.1 kuya kwangama-3.2
• Imisebenzi efinyelela kumamitha amathathu (3,5 m)
• Isisindo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezisuka ku-30 ​​ziye ku-120 kg
• Izindlebe 1.5 m

Indlela Yokuphila:

• Phila ngamaqembu emindeni
• Benza ukububula okujulile njengendlela yokuxhumana engapheli, bashaya uma becasulwa
• Yidla izitshalo
• Iminyaka yokuphila iminyaka engaba ngu-70 (ekudingisweni iminyaka engama-80)

Indlovu - incazelo nezimpawu

Isilwane esimangalisayo cishe asinazitha futhi asihlaseli muntu, ngokuba yi-herbivore. Namuhla zingatholakala endle, emapaki ezwe nakwindawo ezigcinwe kuzo, kumasekethe nasezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, futhi kukhona nabantu abafudukayo. Kuningi okwaziwayo ngabo: iminyaka emingaki ihlala izindlovu, zidlani izindlovu, kukhulelwa indlovu isikhathi esingakanani. Noma kunjalo, izimfihlo zisekhona.

Indlovu inesisindo esingakanani?

Lesi silwane asikwazi ukudideka nanoma yisiphi esinye, ngoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma yiziphi izilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni zingaqhosha ngosayizi onjalo. Ukuphakama kwalesi sikhulu kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,5, nesisindo - kuze kufike kumathani ayi-7. Esikhulu kunazo zonke yisidina sase-savannah sase-Afrika. Abalingani baseNdiya balula kancane: isisindo esingama-5, ama-5 amathani kwabesilisa no-4, 5 - kwabesifazane. Ezikhanya kunazo zonke izindlovu zasehlathini - kuze kufike kumathani amathathu. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo zemvelo ezingafinyeleli ngisho ku-1 ton.

Ithambo lezindlovu

Amathambo endlovu ahlala isikhathi eside futhi angamelana nesisindo esijabulisayo. Umzimba mkhulu futhi unemisipha.

Ikhanda lesilwane likhulu, linendawo engaphambili. Umhlobiso uyizindlebe zakhe zeselula, enza umsebenzi wesilawuli sokushisa kanye nendlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu bezinye izizwe. Lapho lihlasela umhlambi, izilwane ziqala ukushukumisa izindlebe zazo ngenkuthalo, zisabisa izitha zazo.

Imilenze ihlukile. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo yokuthi izilwane zinomsindo futhi zihamba kancane, lezi ziphulu zihamba cishe buthule. Ezinyaweni kunamaphara aminyene wamafutha athambisa isinyathelo. Isici esihlukile yikhono lokugoba amadolo, isilwane sine-patella ezimbili.

Izilwane zinomsila omncane ophela ngebhulashi elinga-fluffy. Imvamisa ithole libambelela kuye ukuze lingalali ngemuva konina.

Umbono nokuzwa kwendlovu

Ngokuphathelene nosayizi wesilwane, amehlo mancane, futhi lezi ziphulu azifani ngamehlo abukhali. Kepha banezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu, futhi bayakwazi ukubona imisindo, noma imisindo emincane kakhulu.

Umzimba wesilwane esikhulu simbozwe ngesikhumba esimpunga noma esinsundu, senziwe ngemibimbi eminingi. Ama-bristles angaqinile kuwo abonwa kuphela ezinhlafunweni. Kubantu abadala, alikho neze.

Umbala wesilwane ngqo ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ngoba izindlovu kaningi, zivikela ezinambuzaneni, zifafaze ngomhlaba nangobumba. Ngakho-ke, abanye abamele babonakala nsundu futhi bapinki.

Phakathi kweziqhwaga, kuyaqabukela, kepha ama-albino asatholakala. Izilwane ezinje zibhekwa njengekholo eSiam. Izindlovu ezimhlophe zathathwa ngqo imindeni yasebukhosini.

Imihlathi

Ukuhlobisa kwesidlakudla yimichilo yaso: emdala isilwane, yinde kangakanani. Kepha akubona bonke abanobukhulu obufanayo. Isibonelo sendlovu yowesifazane wase-Asia, ayinabo ubucwebe obunjalo nhlobo emvelweni, njengabesilisa abangavamile. Imisebenzi ingena emhlathini futhi ithathwa njengezifaka incisors.

Iminyaka emingaki yendlovu iphila, ingaqashelwa ngamazinyo ayo, agaya ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kepha ngasikhathi sinye okusha kuvela ukuthi akhula emva kokudala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi indlovu inamazinyo amangaki emlonyeni wayo. Imvamisa ama-4 abomdabu.

Indlovu yaseNdiya kanye nendlovu yase-Afrika inomehluko ongaphandle; sizokhuluma ngabo ngokulandelayo.

Izinhlobo zezindlovu

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ze-proboscis: indlovu yase-Afrika nendlovu yaseNdiya (ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi yindlovu yase-Asia). Abase-Afrika bona bahlukaniswe ama-savannas ahlala e-ikhweyitha (abameleli abakhulu kunabo bonke abafinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,5 ubude kanye namathani angama-7 enesisindo) nehlathi (okuyi-subspecies yalo mncane futhi yixhaphozi), elikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini ashisayo.

Naphezu kokufana okungenakuqhathaniswa kwalezi zilwane, kusenokwehluka okuningana.

Kulula kakhulu ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi iyiphi indlovu enkulu futhi inkulu: Indian noma i-Afrika. Eyodwa ehlala e-Afrika: abantu ngabanye banesisindo esingu-1.5-2 amathani ngaphezulu, futhi baphakeme kakhulu. Indlovu yensikazi yase-Asia ayinazimpawu, kuthi e-Afrika kubo bonke abantu. Izinhlobo zihluka kancane ekwakhekeni komzimba: e-Asians, ingemuva liphakeme ngokuhlobene nenqanaba lekhanda. Izilwane zase-Afrika zinezindlebe ezinkulu. Iziqu zemidondoshiya enkulu yase-Afrika ngandlela thile. Ngokwemvelo yayo, indlovu yaseNdiya ithambekele kakhulu ekubanjisweni kwasekhaya, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi ithambise umlingani wayo wase-Afrika.

Lapho weqa i-African kanye ne-Indian proboscis, inzalo ayisebenzi, ekhombisa umehluko ezingeni lofuzo.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwendlovu sincike ezimweni zokuphila, ukutholakala kwenani elanele lokudla namanzi. Kukholakala ukuthi indlovu yase-Afrika iphila isikhathi eside ukwedlula umfo wayo.

Abahluphi bezipho zesimanje

Izihlobo zakudala ze-proboscis zavela emhlabeni eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-65 edlule, ngesikhathi sePaleocene. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-dinosaurs asahamba emhlabeni.

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi abameli bokuqala babehlala endaweni yeGibhithe yanamuhla futhi babukeka njenge-tapir. Kunenye inkolelo-mbono ngokusho ukuthi imidondoshiya yamanje yaqhamuka esilwaneni esithile ehlala e-Afrika cishe nayo yonke i-Eurasia.

Ucwaningo oluveza ukuthi iminyaka emingaki yendlovu ihlale emhlabeni wethu lukhombisa ubukhona bokhokho bayo.

I-Deinotherium. Bavele cishe ngezigidi ezingama-58 ezedlule futhi banyamalala eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,5 edlule. Ngaphandle, ayefana nezilwane zamanje, kepha ayehlonishwa ngosayizi wawo omncane nesiqu esifushane. Ama-Homphoterias. Bavela emhlabeni eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-37 edlule futhi banyamalala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 eyedlule. Ngesihlakala sazo kufana nezidondoshiya ezinde ezinamaphimbo amade, kepha zazinamakhanda amancanyana amane asontekile phezulu naphansi ngababili, nomhlathi obucayi. Kwesinye isikhathi ekwakhiweni kwemisila yalezi zilwane baba mikhulu kakhulu. AmaMamutids (mastodons). Bavele eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10-12 edlule. Zazinoboya obukhulu, izinzipho ezinde kanye nesiqu emizimbeni yazo. Ukuqothula eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-18 edlule, ngokufika kwabantu bakudala. AmaMammoth. Abameli bokuqala bezindlovu. Kuvela kumamododons cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1,6 eyedlule. Bafa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 edlule. Zazizinde kakhulu kunezilwane zamanje, imizimba yazo imbozwe ngezinwele ezinde neziminyene, futhi zinamazinyo amakhulu phansi.

Indlovu yase-Afrika kanye nendlovu yaseNdiya yibona kuphela abamele i-oda le-proboscis eMhlabeni.

Ahlala kuphi izindlovu?

Indlovu yase-Afrika ihlala eningizimu yehlane laseSahara, emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika: iCongo, iZambia, iKenya, iNamibia, iSomalia, iSudan nabanye. Isimo sezulu esishisayo sezindawo ahlala kuzo izindlovu, uyathanda. Kaningi bakhetha ama-savannas, lapho kukhona khona izimila ezanele futhi ungathola khona amanzi. Izilwane azilokothi zingene ogwadule kanye namahlathi emvula angenakudlula.

Kepha indlovu yaseNdiya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithanda izindawo ezinamahlathi e-India, Vietnam, Thailand, China, Laos naseSri Lanka. Uzizwa enethezekile phakathi kwezihlahlana eziminyene nasezandleni zama bamboo. Lapho le ndlovu yase-Asia ihlala cishe kuyo yonke insimu yaseningizimu ye-Asiya, kodwa manje abantu banciphile kakhulu.

Ineminyaka emingaki indlovu?

Isikhathi sokuphila kwendlovu endle sincane kakhulu kunaleso esisebenza nabo ezifuywayo noma labo abahlala ezindlini zokugcina izilwane zasekhaya noma ezokugcinwa kwezwe. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo ezinzima zalezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona indlovu, nezifo kanye nokuxoshwa ngesihluku kweziqhwaga.

Ososayensi basaxabana ukuthi indlovu yasendle ihlala isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi impilo yayo iyisekudingisweni.

Ngokungangabazeki, iminyaka emingaki yendlovu ihlala, inquma izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo. Ama-savannah ase-Afrika aphila isikhathi eside kunabo bonke: phakathi kwabo kukhona abantu abaneminyaka yobudala efinyelela eminyakeni engama-80. I-Forest African proboscis ngandlela-thile - iminyaka engama-65-70. Indlovu yase-Asia ekhaya noma ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane zasendle kanye nasemapaki ezwe ingaphila iminyaka engama-55-60, endaweni yemvelo izilwane ezifike eminyakeni engama-50 zithathwa njengezikhulu zeminyaka.

Ukuthi zingaki izindlovu ezihlala khona kuncike ekunakekelweni kwesilwane. Isilwane esilimele nesigulayo ngeke siphile isikhathi eside. Kwesinye isikhathi noma ukulimala okuncane esiqwini noma onyaweni kubangela ukufa. Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngumuntu, izifo eziningi zemidondoshiya ziphathwa kalula, ezingakhulisa kakhulu impilo.

Emvelweni yemvelo, izilwane azinazo neze izitha. Izilwane ezihlaselayo zihlasela kuphela amazinyane adukayo kanye nabantu abagulayo.

Zidlani izindlovu?

Njengama-herbivores, ama-proboscis asebenzisa amahora angaphezu kwangu-15 ngosuku efuna ukudla. Ukugcina isisindo esikhulu somzimba, kufanele zidle kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-400 kg wezimila ngosuku.

Okudliwa yizindlovu ngqo kuya endaweni yazo: zingaba utshani, amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha. Isiqu sendlovu siyayihluthula bese siyithumela emlonyeni, lapho ukudla kungumhlabathi ngokucophelela.

Ekuthunjweni, indlovu idla utshani (kufika ku-20 kg ngosuku), imifino, ikakhulukazi ikhethe izaqathe neklabishi, izithelo ezahlukahlukene nosanhlamvu.

Ngezinye izikhathi izilwane zasendle zizulazula ziye emasimini abahlali bendawo futhi zikujabulele ukudla amabele, umhlanga nezilimo zokusanhlamvu.

Indlela yokuphila yendlovu

Izilwane zinenhlalo enkulu kakhulu: zihlangene emihlambini yezinkomo, eziholwa ngowesifazane osemdala futhi onolwazi kakhulu. Uhola izihlobo zakhe ezindaweni zokudla, kugcina ukuhleleka.

Ososayensi bafike eziphethweni ezithokozisayo. Bonke abantu bayizihlobo. Njengomthetho, lezi zinsikazi kanye nabesilisa abangaguganga. Abafana abadala bashiya imindeni yabo futhi bavame ukuzihlalela bodwa noma benabangane abasebenza nabo. Asondela emihlambini yomndeni kuphela lapho esekulungele ukuqala inzalo ngokubizwa kwezinsikazi.

Ezilwaneni, imvelo yomndeni ithuthukiswa kakhulu: ngamunye unendima okufanele ayidlalile. Wonke umndeni ubambisene nokukhulisa izingane. Uma kwenzeka zihlaselwa, izindlovu ezidla izungeza indandatho eminyene futhi zixosha izitha. Ngeshwa, iminyaka emingaki yendlovu ihlala kuya ngokuthi umndeni wakwazi yini ukugcina yonke inzalo yayo. Izingane zivame ukubulawa yizifo, ubuthakathaka nangokuhlaselwa izilwane ezidla ezinye (amabhubesi, izingulule, izimfene, izingwenya).

Ukuze uphile, imidondoshiya idinga inani elikhulu lamanzi. Zingaphuza amalitha angama-200 ngosuku, ngakho izilwane zizama ukuhlala eduze kwamachibi. Ezikhathini ezomile, zingabamba imithombo, engazisindisi yona kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilwane eziningi.

Izilwane ezincelisayo zendlovu ziyizilwane ezinokuthula kakhulu. Ukuhlasela kwabo ezinye izilwane akuvamile kakhulu. Bangahlushwa yibo kuphela lapho imidondoshiya isabiswa okuthile okunyathela labo abawele endleleni yabo.

Ngaphambi kokufa, izilwane ezindala ziya endaweni ethile, “amathuna endlovu”, lapho izihlobo eziningi zashona khona, zichitha khona izinsuku zazo zokugcina lapho. Bonke abanye umndeni uhambe nabo futhi bathinta inhliziyo bavalelisa.

Ukuzalelwa kwendlovu

Izilwane zivuthwa ngokobulili ngezindlela ezihlukile: abesilisa abaneminyaka eyi-14 kuya ku-15, abesifazane - 12-13.

Ekushayweni kwensikazi nephunga lakhe lifikelwa amasudi athile, kwesinye isikhathi bahlela ukulwa, okuthi lapho kunqunywa ukuthi yimuphi umuntu wesilisa ozosala. Indlovu ibuka abafaka isicelo bese kuthi lapho kuphela impi ishiye onqobile. Ukuhlangana kwezindlovu kwenzeka kude nomhlambi, emva kwalokho lo mbhangqwana ukwazi ukuhamba ndawonye izinsuku eziningi. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa uyashiya, lowesifazane abuyele emndenini wakhe.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi zingaki izindlovu ezikhulelwe ezihamba ngayo. Izindlovu zithwala amathole azo isikhathi eside ngokwanele: izinyanga ezingama-22- 24. Ubudala bokumiswa kwendlovu lubalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhula komzimba. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bahlala nomhlambi wabo wezinkomo, futhi abesilisa abaze bavele duzane.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, ukukhulelwa kwendlovu kuhlala isikhathi esirekhodi: zithwala izingane cishe iminyaka emibili. Ubukhulu obukhulu bezinsikazi kwesinye isikhathi abusivumeli ukuthi sikhone ukubona ngokushesha isimo sabo esijabulisayo, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukubala ukuthi zingaki izindlovu esevele zithwele amathole azo kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Ukukhulelwa kwendlovu kuvame ukuphela ngokuthi kuzalwe eyodwa, kuvame kakhulu ukuba nezindlovu ezimbili ezinesisindo esingumuntu omncane. Umama okhulelwe uphambuka emhlanjini, ephelezelwa ngowesifazane onesipiliyoni, abelethe ingane ekwazi ukuma ngezinyawo zayo futhi incanca ubisi ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3. Umama osanda kuxubeka ubuyela emhlambini wakhe nendlovu ibambelele emsileni wayo.

Iminyaka emingaki indlovu yowesilisa ihlala emhlanjini inqunywa ukuqala kokuthomba. Abesilisa abasebasha bashiya imindeni bayohlala bodwa. Kepha izintokazi zihlala emhlanjini kuze kube kuphela kwezinsuku zazo.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezindlovu

Phakathi kwezindlovu, njengaphakathi kwabantu, kunabantu abangakwesobunxele nabantu abangakwesokunxele. Ungakuqonda lokhu kusuka kuma-tusks: i-tusk izoba yinde ohlangothini ukuthi isebenza kaningi.

Lezi zilwanyana ezinkulu zivame ukutholakala ezingalweni zezifunda (eCongo, eNdiya). Umfanekiso wesilwane esikhulu esanyisayo sasigqoke ingubo yomndeni kakhokho omkhulu u-A.S. Pushkin, u-Abram Hannibal. Izindlovu zinobuhlakani bokuba ne-trunk yazo kangangokuba zikwazi ukukhetha kalula into encane noma entekenteke emhlabathini futhi ingayonakalisi. Ngesiqu esifanayo, bazokwehlisa umuthi obunjiwe endaweni efanele. Ezinye iziqhwaga zipenda izithombe ezibiza kakhulu. Ukulimala kwesiqu kaningi kuholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Izindlovu ziyakuthanda ukubhukuda nokubhukuda ngokushesha okwanele. Ijubane elijwayelekile lesikhulu lapho lihamba liyi-4-5 km / h, kodwa lapho ligijima lakha isivinini esingafika ku-50 km / h. Indaba yokuthi izindlovu zesaba amagundane iyindaba eqanjiwe. Izindondo azenzi izimbobo ezinyaweni, kakhulu uma kungadliwa igilosa kusuka ngaphakathi. Kepha izilwane ngeke zithinte ukudla uma amagundane egijimela kukho. Ngakho-ke, ukusho ukuthi izindlovu zesaba amagundane akulungile, kunalokho ziyazidelela.

Kwamanye amazwe, lezi zilwane zithathwa njengezingcwele. Ngisho isigwebo sentambo sijeziswa ngokubulala.

Izihluphi zezipho zakudala

Umlando wemvelaphi yezindlovu ubuyela kulezo zikhathi ezikude, lapho ukupholisa okukhulu kwakusondela kancane emhlabeni. Uma ukholelwa ocwaningweni lwakamuva, abokuqala banjengezindlovu bazalwa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1,6 eyedlule. Kwakuyiphutha le-genetic ngengozi - ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlukanisa phakade ama-mastodons ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezihlukile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kweminyaka, njengendlovu nayo yanqotshwa izinguquko zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Bakha izingxenyana ezintathu ezihlukene. Izindlovu ezibizwa ngamaNdlovu, izindlovu zaseNdiya nezase-Afrika. Owokuqala, ngeshwa, akazange akwazi ukusinda kuze kube namuhla. Kepha abanye laba manje sebehamba emazweni esasijwayele. Kodwa into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi phakathi kwayo yonke le minyaka emide abaphendukanga.

Indlovu yaseNdiya neyase-Afrika: ubani omkhulu?

Emuva ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi babenethemba lokuthi zonke izindlovu ziyefana, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zihlala esifundeni sini. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva nje lufakazele ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso. Eqinisweni, indlovu enkulu kunayo yonke i-Afrika. Isilwane esivela ezwenikazi eliNsundu sithola isihlobo saso sase-Asia sobunzima bomzimba nokuphakama.

Kumele futhi kwaziwe ukuthi indlovu yase-Afrika ihlukaniswe futhi ngama-subspecies amabili amakhulu: i-savannah nehlathi. Kulokhu, okokuqala kukhulu. Kulandela ukuthi indlovu enkulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni iyona ehlala kuma-expanses e-savannah yase-Afrika. Ungumnikazi wesihloko esithi "isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni."

Izibalo ezimbalwa: indlovu endala ikala malini?

Sizoqala, mhlawumbe, ngomeleli omncane womndeni wendlovu - umNdiya, noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, indlovu yase-Asia. Lesi silwane sihlala e-Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand, India, Vietnam nase China. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesilisa balolu hlobo bakhula bafinyelele ku-2,5-3 m ukuphakama, futhi isisindo sabo sisukela kumathani angama-4.0-4,5. Abesifazane bangaphansi kakhulu kunamadoda abo - akuvamile ukuthi bakhule ngaphezu kuka-2,4 m futhi banesisindo samathani ayi-2-2,5.

Indlovu yasehlathini lase-Afrika ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nesihlobo sayo saseNdiya. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngobukhulu bayo. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa balolu hlobo bakhula bafinyelele kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, noma kunjalo, namuhla akuvamile ukubona abantu abanezinwele ezinjalo ezinamandla. Ngokwesilinganiso, izindlovu zasehlathini zifinyelela ku-2,6 m, futhi isisindo sazo sisukela kumathani ayi-2,5,3. Abesifazane banezinhlobo ezicishe zifane zomzimba futhi bamane baphansi kakhulu kunamadoda abo.

Ngokuqondene nokubhalwe phansi kwe-savannah, khona-ke uyindlovu enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Lama-giants angakhula afike kumamitha angama-4 ukuphakama, futhi isisindo sawo esiphezulu siyahluka phakathi kwamathani angama-5-6. Ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6-7. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsikazi, njengakwezinye izingqangi, zincane kakhulu kunamadoda wazo.

Indlovu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni: ungubani?

Uma ukholelwa ezinqolobaneni zakudala, ezinkulu kunazo zonke kwakuyindlovu, eyabanjwa abazingeli e-Angola ngekhulu le-19. Isisindo saso sasingaphansi kwamathani angama-12,5, futhi udini ngalunye lwalunamasisindo angama-50 kilos. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwe umkhawulo wesigameko, kunzima ukwazisa ubuqiniso bale mibhalo.

Kodwa imininingwane esemthethweni iphakamisa ukuthi indlovu enkulu kunayo yonke nguYoshi. Leli yigama lesigebenga sase-Afrika esineminyaka engama-32 esihlala eSafari Park eduze nedolobha laseRomat Gan. Isisindo salesi silwane ngamathani ayi-6, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-3.7. Ngasikhathi sinye, indlovu isencane impela, yingakho kunamathuba amaningi okuthi uYosi usazokhula eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.

Amaqiniso ambalwa athokozisayo ngezindlovu

Bambalwa abakwazi lokho:

• Indlovu enkulu kunayo yonke yaseNdiya yadutshulwa yabulawa ngo-1924. Isisindo saso sasingamathani ayi-8 kanti ukuphakama kwaso bekungama-3.35 m.
• Njengoba inemilenze eqinile, nokho indlovu okuwukuphela kwesilwane emhlabeni esingenakugxuma ngokuphelele.
• Ngosuku olulodwa, owesilisa osekhulile angadla cishe amakhilogremu angama-200 wokudla kwezitshalo futhi aphuze amalitha angama-300 amanzi.
• Izindlovu kuyaqabukela zihlale emadolweni noma embhedeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zilala zimi, futhi izindlovu ezincane kuphela ezikwazi ukulala ezinhlangothini zazo.
• Naphezu komzimba omkhulu kangako, indlovu ingagijima ngejubane elingama-40 km / h. Ngenkathi egijima, ugqekeza kalula odongeni lwezitini, kuthi uma kwenzeka ethukile, amnyathele ngokuphelele noma ngubani owela phansi kwezinyawo zakhe.

Izindlovu zase-Asia

Izinhlobo ezintathu zezindlovu ezihlala e-Asia ziyaziwa - iSri Lankan, iNdiya, iSumatran. Kubantu baseSri Lankan, okugqame kakhulu yindlovu enobude obungu-3.5 m nesisindo samathani ayisi-5.5. Uhlala esiqhingini ahlonishwa ngalo. Indlovu yaseNdiya ayijwayelekile; ungayibona kunoma yiliphi izwe lase-Asia. Isisindo esidlula amathani ayi-5. ISumatran encane kunazo zonke - ukuphakama kungamamitha ayi-2,5, nesisindo - amathani amathathu.

Indlovu yase-Afrika

Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlovu zase-Afrika - i-savannah nehlathi. Eyokuqala yazo inesisindo esingamathani ayisishiyagalombili futhi ikhule ibe ngamamitha amane, eyokugcina iphansi kubo ngamapharamitha abo - akukho ngaphezu kwamathani amahlanu namamitha amathathu okukhula. Lezi yizilwane ezinobungane kakhulu; izimpi nokuxabana kuyaqabukela kuphakama phakathi kwezihlobo. Imvamisa bahlala emhlambini owodwa omkhulu, banakekele amawundlu, bangashiyi abagulayo besenkingeni. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga e-testosterone, izindlovu zingaba nolaka, futhi kungalesi sikhathi kuphela lapho indlovu eyodwa ingalimaza elinye ilungu lohlobo lwayo. Ubudlelwano nabesifazane buthambile - ngemuva kokubuka umbhangqwana, izindlovu zisuswa ibanga elifushane emhlambini futhi lapho, kude kwamehlo prying, zizithela emiphongolweni ehambisanayo.

Kuze kube yilapho izindlovu zineminyaka emihlanu ubudala, zingaphansi kokunakekelwa ngokungakhathali konina, eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, indlovu iba ngumuntu omdala. Ku-savannah yezindlovu ezincane, amabhubesi asengozini - amabhubesi. Enye yezindlovu ezinkulu kunazo zonke iyakwazi ukudla amakhilogremu 100 wotshani - imvamisa lezi zidalwa ezinesimo esihle zidala ukufa kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezikhala eziluhlaza kwavumela ukudutshulwa kwalezi zilwane ezinkulu. Ukuphila okumaphakathi kwesidondoshiya sase-Afrika yiminyaka engama-60-70. Ngokungafani nabalingani babo baseNdiya, abase-Afrika abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu.

Indlovu yoshi

Indlovu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ihlala eSafari Zoo, etholakala kwa-Israyeli. Ufinyelele eminyakeni ehlonishwayo kakhulu - uneminyaka engama-32, kepha uyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi usezabalaza ngamandla ukungena emasangweni aholela egcekeni - ukuwanqoba, indlovu kufanele icwathile - ngale ndlela kuphela lapho engahamba khona. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inkokhiso enjalo eyinqayizivele izuzisa isilwane kuphela. Indlovu egama linguYoshi isibe yinde kakhulu phakathi kwezindlovu ezake zahlala ekudingisweni. Manje ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-3.7. Isisindo sayo ngamathani ayi-6, umsila wendlovu ungamamitha ayi-1, isiqu singamamitha ayi-2,5, nezindlebe zaso = amamitha ayi-1,2. Ngokusho kokucatshangwa, izimbangela zokukhula zilele ezakhiweni zofuzo. Into ebalulekile ukudla okuphelele.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa izindlovu ukwenza umsebenzi osindayo - ukuthutha umthwalo osindayo, bantu. Ngokuphindaphindiwe wabamba iqhaza ezimpini zegazi. Kepha akufanele ulenge umthwalo omkhulu endlovu - indlovu ayinamandla onke futhi ayikwazi ukuphakamisa umthwalo ongaphezu kwengxenye yesine yesisindo sayo.