Ingabe udrako ungumbungu noma imbangi?

Into yokufunda - udrako.

Isihloko sesifundo - Ukudla okunempilo

inhloso - funda ukuthi kudlani udrako.

Imisebenzi:

· Funda izincwadi ngesihloko sokucwaninga

· Thola ulwazi lwabafundi ngaleyo ndaba.

· Nikeza umqondo (ithemu): inyamazane ne-herbivore

· Hlola umsoco kadrako

· Thola amaqiniso ajabulisayo mayelana nodrako.

Isingeniso Esifundweni esivela ezweni langaphandle, sanikezwa umsebenzi wokudala: ukwakha iketanga lokudla lapho kukhona khona udrako.

Bengingazi ukuthi iyiphi indawo exhumanisa nokuyibeka ku: 2 noma 3. Le yindlela isihloko sokucwaninga kwami ​​esivele ngayo.

Iningi lezinambuzane lidla ezitshalweni. Ngakho-ke babizwa herbivorous. Bacekela phansi izinkulungwane zamathani esinkwa, ama-apula, amapere, amabhele, impahla yokuphanga nefenisha, futhi bacekela phansi nezindlu namabhuloho. Akuzona zonke izinambuzane ezidla ukudla kwezitshalo, kukhona phakathi kwazo futhi abahlaseli (izinambuzane ezidla ezinye izinambuzane). Enye yezinto eziqhakambisa kakhulu udrako. Kusuka esiNgisini, udrako uhumusha ngokweqiniso njengedrako - impukane.

Izinyoka ezindala. Lezi zidalwa ezintekenteke futhi ezinomusa, ngokungangabazeki umhlobiso womhlaba wethu. Ama-dragonflies, angenye yezinambuzane ezindala, avela emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-350 edlule.

Ama-dragonflies anamuhla acishe afane nezihlobo zawo zasendulo, futhi lokhu kuhle. Futhi manje izilo zindiza zindiza phezu kweplanethi yethu - kungaba yizinyoni, noma iziloba.

Amehlo. Lapho ubheka udrako, into yokuqala edonsela ukunaka amehlo. Kubonakala ngathi sikhulu kakhulu futhi asihambelani ngosayizi kadrako. Lapho zingatholakali izitho zokuzwa, inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yedrakoon ngamehlo ayo.

Umbono we-Dragonfly uhlukanisa i-infrared, evumela ukuthi ithole idatha ekushiseni kwezinto ezizungezile. Le mpahla iyamsiza ekuzingeleni izinambuzane.

Isakhiwo. Kwedrako, kubonakala sengathi akukho mthetho wamandla adonsela phansi, noma umthetho wokumelana nomoya. Kungaba ukuheleza emoyeni, bese kuthi ngeshwa uthuthele uye phezulu noma undize ngejubane lemoto elingu-90 km / h. Uyakwazi ukundiza ngaphandle kokuphumula amahora amaningi. Izimpiko ezine zikadrako zinikeza ijubane elimangazayo nobude bendiza, ngababili basebenza ngokuzimela, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ngendlela exakile. Ama-dragonflies angenza kalula izindiza ezinamakhilomitha amaningi. Ngesikhathi sendiza, ama-dragonflies akhiqiza amaphiko anezinhlamvu eziyi-100-150 ngomzuzwana. Ngokuqala kokuhlwa, udrako uthi hlala kwesinye isitshalo bese uphumula kuze kube ngakusasa ekuseni.

Umsoco. Udrako uyinyamazane, futhi ushesha kakhulu futhi uyaguga. Udrako ubamba izinambuzane ezincane ngemihlathi ecijile khona lapho, kanti ezinkulu zinamaphini alo. Ukuze adle inyamazane enkulu, kufanele yehle emhlabathini ihlale phezu kotshani noma kwihlamvu. Ukuzingela i-Dragonfly kungumbono othokozisayo. Uma noma yisiphi isinambuzane singena emkhakheni waso wokubona, udrakoe uyahamba okwesikhashana emoyeni bese, ngaso leso sikhathi siguqula indlela, sijaha ukuphamba.

Inqubo yokudla ishesha kakhulu, ngoba udrakoe ubonakale ngokungajwayelekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwakhe nsuku zonke ngesisindo kuphakame kaningana kunesisindo sakhe. Izisulu ze-Dragonfly zivame ukuba yizinambuzane ezilimaza abantu, njengezimpukane. I-Dragonfly iyakwazi ukudla kuze kufike ku-40, noma izimpukane eziningi ngosuku. Lezi zibalo zitholakala njengomphumela wokuhlolwa okwenziwe ekudingisweni, lapho izinambuzane zidinga ukudla okuncane kakhulu kunokuphila okujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwezimpukane, omiyane, midges nezinye izinambuzane ezindizayo zakha ukudla kwezinyoka.

Izinyoka azikwazi ukugwaza noma ukuluma. Zonke izinhlobo zama-dragonflies azinangozi ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayizinambuzane ezizuzisayo, njengoba zibhubhisa izinambuzane eziyingozi. Ukuba khona kwezinyoka eziningi eduze nedamu kukhombisa ukuheha kwayo kwemvelo nokuba khona kwezakhamuzi eziningi zasemanzini kuyo.

Udrako osekhulile akahlali ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ngisho nokufa okuhlala isikhathi eside kunabo bonke emasontweni ayisithupha.

I-Dragonfly iyisidlamlilo esinamandla nesingakhuthazeki.

Isiphetho Ukufingqa ucwaningo lwami, ngingasho ukuthi: Ngifinyelele inhloso yami, ngifunde izinto eziningi ezintsha nezithokozisayo nge-dragonfly, indima yayo nokubaluleka kwayo endalweni. Futhi okubaluleke, i-hypothesis yami yayingelona iqiniso. I-Dragonfly akuyona i-herbivore, kodwa inyamazane.

Ukubukeka kwedrako

I-Dragonfly inesisu eside ne-forcep, isifuba nekhanda. Ubude bomzimba bama-dragonflies, ngokuya ngezinhlobo, buyahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha ama-3 kuya kwele-12. Umbala ubuye uhlukane: mhlophe, ubomvu, luhlaza okotshani, orenji, ophuzi. Izimpiko zibonakala futhi zizacile, zinenqwaba yemithambo emide, eqinisa ukwakheka kwazo ezintekenteke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona indawo emnyama ephikweni, lokhu akuyona umhlobiso nje, kusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sinambuzane esindizayo asivumelani nethonya lokudlidliza.

Udrako (Odonata).

Onke ama-dragonflies anamabili ama-3 wemilenze embozwe ngamabhulashi. Banemishini yokugedla yomlomo, kanti izindebe eziphansi zisebenza njengehabhu, indiza phambili ibambe isisulu. Izinyoka ezinamehlo amakhulu azisiza ukuba zithole inyamazane: ziyakwazi ukubona isisulu ibanga elingamamitha ayi-10. Amehlo ayinkimbinkimbi, enesakhiwo esiyisici.

Indlela yokuphila kadrako

Ama-dragonflies agugile kakhulu, andiza ngejubane elikhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukundiza ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora. Kepha imvamisa zindiza ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ayi-5 ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banganqoba amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha ngaphandle kokuma. Ama-dragonflies angakwazi ukuqhulula emoyeni, ame ngokushesha.

Ama-jokaflies yiwona ashesha kakhulu ezinambuzaneni.

Lapho udrako onsomi ehlala phansi noma kwenye indawo, ayigoqi amaphiko ayo; amaphiko ayo ahlala esesimweni esihle.

Zonke izinyoka zidla izinambuzane ezidla inyama, zondla izimpukane, omiyane, amabhu nezinye izinambuzane ezincane. Ojoka bajaha izisulu zabo ngejubane elikhulu. Ngesikhathi indiza, udrako usonge imilenze yakhe kubhasikidi ukuze kube lula ukubamba inyamazane empukane.

Ojoka baphila impilo bebodwa. Izitha zabo ziyizinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni, kanye nezicabucabu.

Ukuzalela ngodrako

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa benza umdanso wokuphelelisa, ngosizo lapho bethola ukunakwa kowesifazane bese bexosha abanye abafaka izicelo kuye. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-200. Wenza ukubeka emanzini noma kwizitshalo ezahlukahlukene nokhuni.

Ngaphambi kokufinyelela esigabeni sesinambuzane esidala, udrako udlula ezinye izigaba ezimbili zokukhula.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-dragonflies kufaka izigaba ezi-3: iqanda, izibungu ne-imago. Izibungu zihamba kancane; zikhula emzimbeni wamanzi amasha. Izibungu zezinhlobo ezithile zama-dragonflies zingakhula ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5. Izibungu zinamehlo amakhulu. Lezi zidlova zinobuqili kakhulu, zidla nokudla izihlobo zazo. Izibungu zihlala amahora amaningi endaweni yokukhosela, lapho nje isisulu sisondela, umhlaseli uhlasela ngejubane lombani. Zidlela izinambuzane ezi-gazinga nezisemanzini.

Yize izibungu zamadrako ziyizisulu, zona ngokwazo zivame ukuba izisulu zabanye abahlali bezidumbu zamanzi, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlanzi. Kumakhulu amaqanda, ngabantu abathathu kuphela abasindayo ukuze babe udrako omkhulu.

Izibungu zedrako izinyamazane zangempela.

Njengoba ngihlale echibini isikhathi esithile, futhi esechithe kaningana, isinambuzane esincane siphuma emanzini eceleni kwesiqu sesitshalo. Lapho yomile futhi iphinda iphinde ibonakale, kuzovela udrako ogqamile onamaphiko asobala. Lapho amaphiko esewomile, udrako uyandiza ayozingela.

Ama-dragonflies amadala aphila isikhathi esingangenyanga abese efa. Sekukonke, isikhathi sokuphila, kufaka phakathi zonke izigaba, singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-7.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Isakhiwo sekhanda neso

Umhlaseli angaguqula ikhanda lakhe ngo-180 ngenxa yokuxhuma okukhethekile okushukumisayo nesifuba.

Umsoco utholakala emihlathini ehlanganisiwe, anamandla kakhulu kulesi sinambuzane, esikhona ngaphansi kwekhanda ngaphambili.

Amehlo amakhulu okugcwaliswa kwekhanda aqukethe izingxenye ezingama-30,000. Lawa amehlo amancane, uma kunesidingo asebenza ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye. Imigqa ephezulu inesibopho sokubona ukwakheka kwamavolumu kanye namavolumu, angaphansi asetshenziselwa ukunquma umbala. Amehlo ayakwazi ukubona ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

Ngemuva kwekhanda, emqheleni, udrako unamehlo ongezekile amathathu, afakwe unxantathu. Ukuthola ithuba lokubona nokuhlaziya umhlaba omzungezile, ezinhlangothini, ngemuva kwakhe, umdlwenguli ubona isisulu ngisho nangemva kwebanga elingaphezu kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili.

Mangaki amaphiko?

Amabili amabili obukhulu, amaphiko azimele asebenza ngokuzimele, anezendlalelo ezimbili ezisobala ze-chitin, axhuma isifuba ngohlelo oluhlukile lwe-vein. Udrako kuphela onomshini ofana nendiza ofanayo, lapho ucwebe lwephiko ngalunye lungenzeka ngokuhlukile futhi kunoma yikuphi ukulandelana. Izimpiko zezinhlobo ezithile zingaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-18. Ukuhanjiswa phezulu kuvumela lesi sinambuzane ukuba sifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h, kepha imvamisa asidluli kuma-30 km / h.

Uhlala kuphi udrako?

Uhla lwesinambuzane esihlabayo sikhulu njengokuhlukahluka kokukhetha imibala. Kepha ungahlangana nabantu ababonayo, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona futhi nokufiphaza okujabulisayo esiswini ngokumelene nesizinda sombala oyinhloko.

Kuma-dragonflies, ukusondela kwamachibi, ukudla okuningana kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele esifudumele kungcono. Lokhu kunwebisa indawo yabo yokuhlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba. Zijwayelekile ku:

Ezindaweni ezomile ezomile musa ukusinda.

Mangaki ojekamanzi abahlala?

Isikhathi esifushane sokuba khona, izinyanga ezingama-3-5 kuphela, ngokusobala sibonisa indlela yokuphila esebenzayo kakhulu. Ojoka bayizidalwa ezihlakazayo, ezihamba zodwa ezihamba futhi zizingele ngesikhathi selanga losuku. Ebusuku, esimweni sezulu esingesihle, bacasha ezindaweni zokukhosela. Ubusika nabo buya lapho.

Ngemuva kokuqanduselwa eqandeni ngesimo sezibungu, lesi sinambuzane sihlala kwikholamu yamanzi kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5, molts izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10. Uma kungadliwa ngalesi sikhathi udrako, amaphiko akhula kuzibungu, avele aqonde esiqwini sesitshalo esithile lapho kubekelwa khona udrako. Usakaza amaphiko akhe, andize, abe mdala.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ebusika, zibekezelele inkathi eyomile odakeni, ziphila emva kwemvula yokuqala. Abanye abameleli benza izindiza ezinhle kakhulu kumakhilomitha amaningi ukusuka ezindaweni zokuzalela.

Ekwindla, iningi lezinyoka ziyafa. Entwasahlobo, izibungu ezintsha ezibangelwa amaqanda. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwalesi sinambuzane esimnandi uqala kabusha.

Ukuzingela

Akufanele ukhohliswe indiza engenandaba: umhlaseli onamaphiko onolaka ucasha ngemuva kokuqhuma nombala okhanyayo. Njengoba enesidumbu somzingeli ofanelekayo wokundiza, cishe ungene esikhaleni. Ukuzingela impukane, izimpungushe zihlasela isisulu sisuka ngezansi. Lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sombono, esivula ukubuka okungcono kakhulu ngokumelene nesibhakabhaka esikhanyayo. Izinambuzane ziyagwema, zibala cishe i-100% lomgudu womuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Kubalwa ngokufunda imininingwane ngawo wonke amehlo.

Njengoba isibambe inyamazane, lesi sinambuzane siyilungisa ngezidladla zangaphambili, inciphisa ithuba lokunyakaza. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemilenze emibili ephakathi nendawo, idabula amaphiko ayo. Njengoba belahlekelwe yithemba lokusindiswa, ohlukunyeziwe ugxotshwa ngemihlathi eqinile yasendaweni enjengephalishi, ethunyelwe ukuze kugaywe okunye.

Lapho esegwinyile inyamazane, isisulu siphinde siqale ukuzingela okusebenzayo.

Ezimweni zokugeleza okungapheli kwezinyamazane ezilula, udrako uyakwazi ukudla izinambuzane ezingama-40 nangaphezulu ngaphandle kokuyeka.

Ingozi enkulu kuma-dragonflies izinyoni, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, izicabucabu ezinkulu ezingadala ukulimala. Kodwa-ke, ama-dragonflies, njengabahlaseli abajwayelekile, avikelekile ekugcineni: ukuluma, ukugwaza.

Imindeni

Ithebula libonisa izimfanelo eziphambili zeminye imindeni.

Umsoco

Ukuthi izinzuzo ezinkulu kangakanani emvelweni nasemuntwini ziletha lezi zinambuzane zingatholakala ngokubheka lokho izidlozi ezidla kuzo. Noma esesigabeni sezibungu, zinobunzima obukhulu kakhulu.

Iqoqo lokudla likhulu. I-Dragonfly yisinambuzane esihlelayo. Ukudla kuqukethe inyamazane ezindizayo ehlala endaweni efanayo.

Okudingwa udrako:

• omiyane
• izimpukane
• imvukuzane
• imaylies,
• izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezindizayo nezibungu zazo,
• daphnia.

I-mollusk engatheni, ukudla okwengeziwe okudingayo. Ihlala endaweni yokukhosela, izibungu zilindele ukuba isisulu sisondele ebangeni elidingekayo, lihlasele ngokushaya okuphelele nesivinini esikhulu.

Umuntu ngamunye, esefinyelele ebudaleni, echaza insimu, unesikhwele sokuvikelwa kubantu angabazi, ukulwa, ukuvikela impahla yakhe.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ziyamangaza kunezincane. Ukudla kwabo kuhlanganisa nefry fish, crustaceans, izicabucabu, amasele, ngisho nabazala - ama-dragonflies. Uhlelo lokudla lansuku zonke - omiyane abaningi, izimpukane, izimvemvane, izakhamizi eziseduzane zezidumbu zamanzi.

Zindiza njalo zifuna ukudla, izinyamazane zidla izinambuzane eziningi ezinamakhemikhali, izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo, amachibi ahlanzekile, zihlala zisusa imihlambi yama-midges, amachibi ahlanzekile okugcwala kwezinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukulimaza abantu entweni eyodwa kuphela. Bashiya imboni yokudoba ngaphandle kokudla, badle i-daphnia nezinambuzane ezincane ezingaphansi kwamanzi.

Umhlaba wezinambuzane wehlukene futhi uyamangalisa. Ama-dragonflies angubufakazi balokhu. Ukubukeka kuvame ukugqama futhi kunothile kunombala wezimvemvane. Umhlaseli unamakhono amaqhinga nokuhlela. Isitayela sempilo nokudla okunempilo kuyikuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo bonke abanye abamele umhlaba wezilwane. I-Dragonfly iyindalo eyingqayizivele!

Lezi zidalwa ezingenasisekelo ezihlobisa umhlaba wethu zinomlando omude futhi ngokungangabazeki, ngoba ama-dragonflies amadala kunazo zonke izinambuzane ezikhona namuhla.

Okhokho babo bavela Emhlabeni cishe ngezigidi ezingama-350 ezedlule futhi babelingana kakhulu. Amaphiko awo afinyelela ku-90 cm, aqhathaniswa nezimpawu zezinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlala emhlabeni namuhla.

Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, umhlaba osizungezile usushintshe kakhulu. Izidalwa ezihlala kuwo zilahlekelwe ukubukeka kwazo zakudala. Manje amaphiko kadrako omkhulu omkhulu afinyelela ku-20 cm.

Lezi zinambuzane zidonswa ngokuyinhloko emehlweni. Uma ubheka kuqala, zibonakala zikhulu ngokungajwayelekile. Kepha njengoba yonke into emvelo isiza, ihlala njalo futhi ihambisana, azikho izingozi. Amehlo e-Dragonfly anomumo ongenasici futhi anamehlo amaningi amancane, inani lawo elingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-30. Ngayinye yazo isebenza ngokuzimela futhi ihlukaniswe nezinye ngamaseli e-pigment.Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, udrakovane angabona ngasikhathi sinye yonke into eyenzeka ezungeze ngakwesobunxele, ngakwesokudla, ngaphambili nangemuva.

Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi lezi zidalwa ezingenasisindo zihlala ngaphandle kwemithetho yamandla adonsela phansi kanye nomoya okumelana nawo: zingaba yiqhwa endizeni, bese zigijimela phezulu zibheke phezulu, noma zijahe endaweni ethile ngejubane elifika ku-90 km / h. Ukunyakaza kwabo okuqhubekayo kungahlala amahora ambalwa. Ukukhuthazela okumangalisayo nesivinini esiphezulu sezidladla kunikezwa ngamaphiko amane. Unembe ngamunye ngamunye ubenza ngokuzimela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ngokuvumelanayo, ekhiqiza imivimbo efinyelela kwayi-150 ngomzuzwana. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinambuzane zingamelana ne hops ende, futhi zikhathele kusihlwa, zihlala esihlahleni sezitshalo futhi ziphumule kuze kuse.

Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha kwakuyizimfushane zezimpukane ezisabekayo emoyeni eziye zaba yinkomba lapho kudalwa indiza yezindiza. Lapho injini yokuhlola eqediwe ifakwa emshinini onamaphiko, yavele yawa izingcezwana ezihlukile kusuka ngesivinini esikhulu nangokudlidliza okunamandla. Izazi zasendlini zisize ukuthuthukisa imodeli yendiza, zichazela abaklami umthetho wokusebenza kwamaphiko ka-dragonfly, aqukethe ngokukhethekile ngaphambili. Yikho impela lokhu okwehlisa isidlidliza ngenkathi indiza.

Yize kwenziwe intuthuko yesayensi yanamuhla, abakwa-entomologists abakaze bakwazi ukuchaza into engaqondakali njengesikhathi samabhanoyi odrako abangahamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Ngokwezindaba zabatilosi, bavame ukubona lezi zinambuzane zikude kakhulu nogu. Kulolo hambo oluyingozi, ama-dragonflies awavamisile ukuxazululwa - kanye njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa, ahlangana emihlambini emikhulu.

Zihamba ngesisindo esiqhubekayo, ukuphakama nobubanzi bawo okufinyelela kumamitha ambalwa. Zindiza kuphi nokuthi kungani zindiza. Imfihlakalo engasombululwanga yaveza izimpawu eziningi: abanye abahumushi bezimo ezingaziwa baqinisekile ukuthi umhlangano nomhlambi we-dragonfly uzoletha ubunzima obuningi, kanti abanye, okuphambene nalokho, babona lokhu njengophawu oluhle. Futhi, ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi izindiza ezinde ezingajwayelekile zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomzamo wokuthola izindawo ezintsha.

I-Dragonfly iyisidlakela esisheshayo nesinobuqili, njengoba kufakazelwa ngumzimba waso ophakeme, isixhobo somlomo esixakile, isifuba esibanzi, namaphiko asakazayo. Ngemihlathi egijinyiwe, ibamba izinambuzane ezincane nje epheshaneni, futhi ukuze idle inyamazane enkulu, yehlela emhlabathini, ihlale esihlahleni sezitshalo ibambe isisulu ngezidladla ezingaconsi phansi. Lezi zinambuzane zingabazingeli abangenakulinganiswa. Ibona ngesikhathi indiza ibhungane elincane, udrakovane uqhume ngokushesha emoyeni, futhi, ngokushesha eshintsha inkambo, ihlasela inyamazane. Isifiso sakhe sisafana: ngosuku uyakwazi ukugwinya izimpukane ezingaphezu kuka-40. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla omiyane nama-midges futhi.

Ama-Dragonflies - izinambuzane "zikhululekile" emithethweni yamandla adonsela phansi.

Indawo yokubeka amaqanda ka-udrako iyadingeka endaweni yamachibi angenakuthula anamanzi ahamba kancane noma aqinile. Abesilisa kuphela ababandakanyeka ekusesheni okuphelele, bekhetha iziqu zezitshalo noma umhlabathi oswakeme osogwini. Vikela inzalo yokuvuthwa ekuhlaselweni kwezimbangi eziningi. Izibungu zezinwele ezinamaphiko (zibizwa ngokuthi ama-mollusks) ziqala ukukhula futhi ziphila emanzini. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa, ngokuya ngezinhlobo, sithatha izinyanga ezintathu kuya eminyakeni emihlanu. Bahlukanise ngaphansi kwesihlabathi esinesihlabathi semizimba yamanzi kulula kakhulu, yize benombala ofanayo.

Lezi zibankwakazi ezimangalisayo yi-Odonata

Ku-Odonata ye-oda, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-6 500 ezihlanganiswe ngohlobo olungaphezu kwama-600. Ama-dragonflies amadala ayizinambuzane ezinobukhulu obukhulu noma obukhulu, anombala ogqamile, obamba emoyeni inyamazane, abawubonayo ngamehlo abo amakhulu. Zitholakala eduze kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile, yize ezinye izinhlobo zama-dragonflies zingatholakala ebangeni elibanzi, kude nezindawo zokuzalela. Izibungu ze-Dragonfly ziyisidlamlilo semanzini esitholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamanzi asemkhathini.

Izinyoka zasendulo

Ama-Giant dragonflies ahlala eCretaceous, enamaphiko angaba ngu-0.7 m.

Ikhanda likadrako omkhulu, intamo iyakwazi ukuhamba. Uma ubhekwa usuka kudrako, amehlo amakhulu ahlala engxenyeni enkulu yekhanda, ehlukaniswe phakathi. Iso liqukethe izingxenye eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-28 (ama-ommatidia), ngalinye libonelelwa ngamangqamuzana ayi-6 anomzwa wezithombe. Ukuqhathanisa: inani lezici esweni lempukane libalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezi-4, izimvemvane - izinkulungwane eziyi-17. Izici ezisezindaweni ezihlukile zamehlo zinesakhiwo esingalingani, esinquma ikhono lokubona izinto ezinamazinga ahlukene okukhanya nemibala ehlukile. Kukhona izindawo ezimnyama ezivimba izindawo ezibhekele umbono. Lesi sithombe sivela kuleyo ngxenye yobuchopho eqonde ngqo ngaphansi kwamehlo. “Ama-eyelashes” esweni angaqhathaniswa nezimpondo, umsebenzi wazo ukukhetha umthombo wokukhanya, ukwenza ukuthambekela ngenkathi indiza. Amandla e-antenna aphakame kakhulu kangangokuba udrakobo akalahlekelwa ngumthombo wokukhanya ngesikhathi sendiza, okwenza sikwazi ukuqondisa ngqo ukunyakaza kwawo (futhi njengoba wazi, ijubane likadrako ungomunye ophakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wezinambuzane).

Isisu esincane esenziwe ngenduku ngenkathi indiza isebenza njenge-balancer.

Ukuqoshwa Kwejubane Lezinambuzane
Izinyoka ziyizinambuzane ezindiza ngokushesha kakhulu. Ijubane elijwayelekile le-dragonfly liyi-30 km / h. Kepha ijubane elikhulu lokunyakaza kwabo lifinyelela ku-57 km / h.

Kungani udrako abadinga izimbambo esiswini sabo?

Abesilisa ba “forcep” phezulu kwesisu, ababambe ngaso intokazi ngentambo ngesikhathi besuka. "Ama-tandem" anjalo ama-dragonflies angavame ukubonwa eduze nezidumbu zamanzi. Ama-dragonflies angabesifazane aphonsa amaqanda emanzini noma awafake kwizicubu zezitshalo zasemanzini esebenzisa i-ovipositor yokubhoboza. Imilenze kadrako ayibuthakathaka, ayakwazi ukugcina izinambuzane elangeni lotshani noma ukugcina inyamazane, kepha ayifaneleki ukuhamba. Isisu sodrako mude; ezinhlotsheni ezingandile, mfushane kunobude bamaphiko futhi siguquguquka kakhulu. Bobabili ubulili bungabalwa ngezigaba eziyi-10. Emadodeni zohlobo lwe-Zygoptera, i-genitalia engezansi (izitho zangasese) ziyizingxenye ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3, kanti ukuvulwa kwe-ovipositor kuyizingxenye 9 - 10 kwabesifazane.

Amaphiko amakhulu ane-venation venation kuma-dragonflies amakhulu ahlala asatshalaliswa ezinhlangothini, ngamancanyana (imicibisholo, imibhobho) ekuphumuleni angakwazi ukugoqa kanye nomzimba. Kwamanye ama-dragonflies, amaphiko ayalingana ngesimo, ancishiselwe esisekelweni (isizinda esingaphansi ngokufana), kwamanye amaphiko asemuva abanzi kakhulu kunangaphambili, ikakhulukazi ezansi (isendlalelo esihlukile). Umbala we-dragonflies ulawulwa ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, okuvamisile ukuthi kube khona i-luster ekhanyayo yensimbi. Amanye anamaphiko anezikhala noma amnyama. Kuma-specimens omisiwe, umbala ubuthuntu kakhulu nezinguquko.

Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula, isibungu se-dragonfly sinezinhliziyo ezi-2: esisodwa ekhanda nesesibili ngemuva komzimba. Isibungu se-dragonfly esivuthiwe ngokwengeziwe sinamehlo ama-5, izindlebe eziyi-18, inhliziyo enamagumbi ayi-8. Igazi lakhe liluhlaza.

Isisu sesifuba: isitho sokunyakaza nokuphefumula

Amathumbu wangemuva wesibungu sikadrako, ngaphezu komsebenzi wawo oyinhloko, nawo udlala indima yesitho sokunyakaza. Amanzi agcwalisa isisu sezinqe, abese ekhishwa ngamandla, bese izibungu zihamba ngesisekelo sokunyakaza kwe-jet cm angama-6- 6. Isisu sasemuva sisebenza futhi njenge-nymph yokuphefumula, okuthi, njengempompo, ihlale impompela amanzi acebe nge-oksijini ngethambo.

Udrako omkhulu kakhulu

Izinsalela zezinsalela zamadrako zisusela esikhathini se-Jurassic futhi azinakubalwa kunoma yiziphi zalezi zigatshana ezintathu ezikhona, ngakho-ke zibizwa ngokuthi yimiyalo yefosili: I-Protozygoptera, i-Archizygoptera, iProtanisoptera ne-Triadophlebiomorpha. Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kweProtodonata, kwesinye isikhathi kubekwe njengendawo engezansi kwesakhiwo sase-Odonata, kuqukethe ama-dragonflies amaningi amakhulu, phakathi kwawo kukhona nabantu abakhulu kakhulu. Elikhulu kunawo wonke ama-dragonflies amakhulu iMeganeuropsis permiana, linamaphiko angama-720 mm.

Ezinhlotsheni zesimanje, lesi sibalo sishesha, izinhlobo ezinkulu zinamaphiko angaphansi kwamamitha angama-20 (izinhlobo zeNannodiplax rubra, umndeni weLebellulidae) noma ngaphezu kuka-160 mm (Uhlobo lwePetalura ingentissima, umndeni kaPetaluridae): ezinye izinhlobo zamadrako zesimanje zohlobo lweZygoptera zinamaphiko angama-18 mm noma ngaphezulu (izinhlobo, i-Agriocnemis pygmaea, umndeni weCoenagrionidae) kuze kufike ku-190 mm (izinhlobo Megaloprepus caerulatus, umndeni Pseudostigmatidae). Omkhulu kunabo bonke ojekamanzi banamuhla abaziwayo Megaloprepus caeruleata ihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu Melika, inobude bomzimba obuyi-120 mm nephiko eliyi-191 - mm. Udrako omkhulu onqabile wase-Australia onamaphiko we-110 - 115 mm (izintokazi aze afike ku-125 cm). Futhi yize imidondoshiya yezwe lezinambuzane ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-dragonflies, ama-rocker, atholakala ezweni lethu, athathwa njengesinye sezilokazane ezinkulu kunazo zonke.

Ama-dragonflies amakhulu kakhulu ezwe lethu angawezingalo ze-rocker (Aeschnidae). Enye yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile yile i-rocker eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Aeschna juncea), ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-70 mm, futhi ngamaphiko kufinyelela kuma-95 mm. Abesilisa bagqamile, banombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi esiswini. Abesifazane baphethwe amathoni aluhlaza aphuzi. Lawa amaflaya amahle, akwazi ukunqoba amashumi ngisho namakhulu amakhilomitha, ahlala ezindlini ezintsha. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe inqubo yokukhishwa kukadrako kusuka kuzibungu, okuthi ngenxa yalokho kukhethwe emanzini ezingxenyeni ezivelayo zezitshalo. Izimpiko zikadrako osemncane zisalokhu zibuthakathaka, ziludwayi, izimbozo zinombala onsomi. Kepha ngemuva kwehora kuqalile, udrako isilungele ukundiza.

Umndeni wezikhonzi (i-Corduliidae) ufaka ama-dragonflies aphakathi nendawo, ngombala okukhona kuwo insimbi ekhanyayo yensimbi.

Izinyoka ezincane: izimbali ezinhle, imicibisholo nemicibisholo

Ubuhle Bomndeni - iCalopterygidae, iLyutki - iLestidae, i-Arrows - Coenagrionidae

Eduze kwanoma yimaphi amachibi amile, ama-lyuta dryas (amaLestes dryas) ajwayelekile kakhulu futhi ukubukeka okufanayo yi-lyutka-bibi (L. sponsa), eyehluka kuphela ekwakhekeni kwezitho zokuzala. Abesifazane balula. Njengama-dragonflies, izihlobo zabo ezincane, ezingezinhle ezindizayo -. izisulu, inyamazane yazo eyinhloko ingomiyane kanye neminyene. Izinyoka zidla izibungu zamanzi ezindiza. Ubude bomzimba bama-dragonflies amancane ukusuka ku-25 kuye ku-50 mm. Agcina amaphiko awo eqonde maqondana nesisu ngoba awakwazi ukuwathulula kwenye indiza. Bona ngokwabo bangaba izisulu zezinyoka ezinkulu, izinyoni noma izitshalo ezingavikeleki. Umndeni wezihlobo zemicibisholo (Coenagrionidae) ufaka ama-dragonflies amahle afinyelela ku-40 mm ubude, asonga amaphiko ngokuphumula nge-pterostigma emfushane emzimbeni. Zindiza ezibuthakathaka futhi zigcinwa ikakhulukazi emahlathini ezitshalo zokushayela. Kaningi kunabanye, sinomcibisholo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Enallagma cyathigerum), enamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongemuva kwekhanda.

Udrako omncane kakhulu
. lena yi-Agriocnemis paia yaseMyanmar (Burma). Ikhophi elilodwa, eligcinwe eMnyuziyamu Wezemvelo eLondon, lalinamaphiko angama-17,6 mm ubude bomzimba ongu-18 mm ngesikhathi sokuphila.

Izidudla zomoya namanzi

Ama-dragonflies ayizidalwa zasemoyeni ezizingela emoyeni, zibona izisulu ezingabakhona, ukuze zibambe, kwesinye isikhathi ojekamanzi kufanele benze izimangaliso zama-aerobatics. Imvamisa badla inyamazane empukane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezidrobha izimpukane ezinhle, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzibamba. Ukudla omiyane, ama-horseflies kanye nezinye izingwegwe zegazi kusiza kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke iziloba kudlula esigabeni samanzi - i-nymph (okuthiwa izibungu zezinambuzane ezinokuqala kwamaphiko). Ama-nymph ayizidlakudla ezinkulu ngisho nangokwengeziwe, ngoba azidli nje kuphela noma yisiphi isisulu esincane kunosayizi bazo, kodwa ziyakwazi ukunqoba isitha futhi zikhule ngokwazo. Ziphinde zihlasele ama-vertebrates asemanzini; izinhlanzi ezincane nazo azikwazi ukumelana nalezi zidlova. Onke ama-dragonfly nymphs ayizidlamlilo ezinamandla, abamba inyamazane yiphimbo eliphansi elishintshiwe - imaski evula ngokushesha bese iphonswa phambili, ngenkathi izigqoko zayo ekugcineni kwayo njengama-stilettos zihlatshwa kakhulu isisulu. Lapho imaskhi isonga, inyamazane idonswa emlonyeni futhi ihlafunwe buthule.

Izibungu kanye nama-nymphs

Izibungu ze-Dragonfly kanye nama-nymphs atholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi angenamanzi. Zitholakala emachibini nasemifuleni, zomisa ngaphandle kwezigxobo nasemigodini yezihlahla ezigcwele amanzi. Izibungu zezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kukasawoti olinganiselayo, ezinye izibungu zihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, zikhasa ziye ebusweni bomhlaba ebusuku, zingatholakala ngasosebeni nasezihlahleni zezihlahla ezinezikhukhula. Izibungu zezinhlobo eziyisithupha zihola indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni ngokuphelele.

Ngenkambiso yentuthuko, ama-larva ancibilika ezikhathini ezi-10 kuye kwezingama-20 eneminyaka eyi-3 kuya kwayi-6 kuye ngeminyaka, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Inani lezixhumanisi lihambisana nezimo zemvelo nokutholakala kokuphakelayo. Ngesikhathi esingu-6-7 molting, ukuqala kwamaphiko kuyaqala ukukhula. I-metaphorosis eqondile, idlula esigabeni sezingane, inambuzane endala ishiya amanzi futhi kwesinye isikhathi isuswe ibanga elide ukusuka lapho yazalelwa khona. Ngesikhathi sokungabikho, okuthatha izinsuku eziningana, udrako ngokudla futhi uvuthwe ngokomzimba. Isibonakaliso sokuba mdala kuzoba umbala okhanyayo wesibankwa. Ama-dragonflies amasha aqashelwa ukukhanya kwengilazi yamaphiko awo. Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, umbala we-dragonflies uba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ngaphezu kwalokho izindawo ezinemibala ziyavela ezingekho ezinsaneni.

Iningi labantu abadala baphila isikhathi eside. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-dragonflies hibernate, akhetha izindawo acashe kuzo ubusika, ezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-dragonflies alinda isikhathi esomile futhi aphile ukuqala kwemvula. Amanye ama-dragonfish athatha izindiza ezinde, kufaka phakathi indlela ye-transatlantic, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zihlala eduze kwezindawo ezizalanayo

Ngenqubo yokubhanqa, lo mbhangqwana wenza iqhinga elinzima. Owesilisa ubhoboza insikazi ekhanda (genus Anisoptera) noma nge-protorax (genus Zygoptera). Lo mbhangqwana undiza ndawonye (owesilisa ngaphambili, owesimame emuva), uvame ukuphumula emasimini usesimweni esifanayo. Owesifazane ugoqa isisu, enze isondo, futhi axhumeke kanye nezitho zangasese ezisezinhlakeni ezi-2-3 zowesilisa, lapho isidoda sasesisetshenziselwa khona ekuqaleni kusukela ekuvulekeni kofuzo okuqala kusuka engxenyeni 9. Ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile, ukuzala kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zezidladla nazo zizalela amaqanda azo ndawonye, ​​ngoba ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa nowesifazane ngeke bahlulwe. Kwabanye, owesilisa uzulazula phezu kowesifazane ngenkathi egcina amaqanda akhe. Kwesithathu, abesilisa banika u-Amoy wesifazane ukubhekana nale nqubo: kungenzeka babuyela endaweni yabo noma bahlala esihlahleni esiseduze.

Kugcwele emhlambini

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-dragonflies (i-Odonata) angahlangana emihlambini, osayizi babo kwezinye izikhathi bangabhekwa njengabakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa babuthana emihlambini nasezindaweni zokufuya izindawo, bangahlala emithini eseduze noma bandize benyuka beyofuna izintokazi. Insimu abahlangana kuyo incane kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinhlotsheni eziningi izinsikazi zihlala kude namanzi, zivela ngasechibini noma echibini kuphela lokuzalela noma ukubeka amaqanda. Kwezinye izimo, abesilisa nabesifazane babamba indawo yabo futhi bandize endizeni eyodwa. Isibonelo, ngoJuni 13, 1817, izimpungushe zindiza zadlula eDresden amahora amabili. Julayi 26, 1883 umhlambi izinyoka ezinamabala amane (Libellula quadrimaculata) ukundiza phezu kwedolobha laseSweden iMalmo kusuka emahoreni angama-7 imizuzu engama-30. Ekuseni kuze kube ngehora lesishiyagalombili. Kusihlwa. Ngo-1900, kwaqalwa umhlambi wezimfene eBelgium, ubude bawo bungamamitha ayi-170 nobubanzi obuyi-100 km.

Ndiza ukucasha

ICamouflage imvamisa ihlotshaniswa nokuzola i-dragonflies (Hemianax papuensis), izimbangi phezu kwensimu, uma kuqhathaniswa, sebenzisa ukunyakaza ukucasha komunye nomunye. Kwavela ukuthi izinyoka ezindiza ngokunemba okuphezulu zigxila esithunzini saso esisebusweni besitha, futhi ukungabikho kokugeleza kokukhanya kwamehlo kwenza isitha sibone udrako njengento eyisimanga engabeki usongo. Ukuthi ojekamanzi baphumelela kanjani kukho konke lokhu kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo.

Ijubane Lendiza Yezinyoka - Kufika ku-96 km / h, i-bumblebee - 18 km / h.

Kwamanye amazwe (ikakhulukazi iJapan), ama-dragonflies ayimifanekiso yobuhle kanye nezimvemvane nezinyoni. Ngokwesiko laseYurophu, indlela obheka ngayo ama-dragonflies ayithandeki kangako. Zibhekwa njengokuthi "ukugibela ihhashi" kanye "nokugwaza kodeveli."

Vele, izinyoka azikwazi ukugwaza noma ukuluma. Zonke izinhlobo zama-dragonflies azinangozi ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayizinambuzane ezizuzisayo, njengoba zibhubhisa izinambuzane eziyingozi. Ukuba khona kwezinyoka eziningi eduze nedamu kukhombisa ukuheha kwayo kwemvelo nokuba khona kwezakhamuzi eziningi zasemanzini kuyo.

Dragonfly anatomy

Ama-Dragonflies abukeka kakhulu. Isisu sinciphile futhi siphakeme, siyindilinga ngesimo, sakhiwe izingxenye eziyi-11. Ikhanda lixhumeke esifubeni, likuvumela ukuba liguqule amakhanda alo angama-180. Iningi lekhanda lakhe ligcwele amehlo, linamehlo amancane ama-30,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iso ngalinye elinjalo lingasebenza ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalawa mehlo, udrako unamehlo angu-3 alula. Zitholakala ngunxantathu futhi zivumela lesi sinambuzane ukuba sikubone okwenzeka ngemuva nasezinhlangothini. Ubukhulu bama-dragonflies buyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlobo. Udrako omncane kakhulu ungamamitha ayi-15 ubude, kanti omkhulu kakhulu cishe ungama-10 cm ubude.

Njengoba udrako eyisidlamlilo esinamandla kakhulu, umlomo wesinambuzane uhlome imihlathi ngemisipha. Umbala wedrako ungafani - luhlaza, ophuzi, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala ungabonakala sobala. Udrako unamabili amaphiko; amaphiko awo aphezulu angaba ngu-18 cm.

Ngabe udlani udrako?

Dragonfly - isinambuzane esidlayo. Zivame ukudla inyamazane yazo lapho zibhabha khona. Zidla izinambuzane eziyingozi, njengomiyane, amabhu, izimpukane. Ezinye izinhlobo ezikhulukazi zama-dragonflies zingajabulela amaxoxo amancane noma nezinhlanzi ezincane. Udrako ubamba izinambuzane ezincane ngemihlana yazo, nezinkulu ngezinselo zawo. Ama-dragonflies aqhakaza kakhulu futhi phakathi nosuku adla ngalo inyamazane, okuyinto ephindwe kaningana isisindo sodrako ngokwawo.

Incazelo yezinambuzane

Ama-dragonflies anamuhla angamalunga e-oda izinambuzane ezidlayo . Isayensi ibahlukanise ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. IDiptera - inamaphiko wasemuva abanzi.
2. I-Damselfly - izimpondo zangemuva nezangaphambili ziyafana ngobubanzi.
3. Isizinda esaziwa ngokuthi yi-Anisozygoptera, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezihlala eNdiya naseJapan.

Ama-dragonflies anomzimba omude omfishane, isifuba esibanzi namabili wamaphiko asobala anemithambo ngendlela yesibalo. Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu, amaphiko ahlala athelelelwa ezinhlangothini, ezinhlotsheni ezincane angagoqa ndawonye.

Ekhanda elikhulu, elihamba nendlwana, kutholakala amehlo e-facet, aqukethe iso lomuntu ngamunye. Lesi sakhiwo seso sinikeza udrako umbono omuhle kakhulu. Ngayinye ihlukaniswe komunye ngamaseli akhethekile e-pigment futhi isebenza ngokuzimela. Inani lamehlo amancane angafinyelela izinkulungwane ezingama-30.

Amehlo asencenyeni engenhla yeso eliyinhloko adlulisela isithombe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe, nalawo aphansi ngombala. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuhlobene nobuntu bokuzingela idrako.

Lapho uphokophela inyoka yedrako, isithombe esimnyama nomhlophe sanele, inyamazane ibonakala kahle esibhakabhakeni. Kodwa ukuze ubambe ohlukunyeziwe, udrako omkhulu kufanele ukhuphuke ngaphezu kwawo. Futhi-ke isithombe sombala esidluliswa ngamehlo aphansi sidlala indima ebalulekile. Ngosizo lwabo, umzingeli uzohlukanisa ngokusobala inyamazane ngemuva kwesizinda se-motley yotshani nezimbali.

Umuthi wokuhlanza owomlomo wokuhlobisa uklanyelwe ukumvumela ukuba abambe izinambuzane ezincane ngemihlathi ecijile khona lapho.

Futhi izindebe eziphansi, ezinomumo owenziwe ngesipuni, zisiza ukugcina inyamazane uma idliwa.

Izinyoka ezinemilenze emide zikhomba phambili. Imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kunasemuva, okwenza kube lula ukubamba nokubamba inyamazane.

Umzimba omncanyana wenza umsebenzi we-balancer. Abesilisa banemfoloko eyinqaba ekugcineni kwesisu esisiza ukubamba insikazi ngentamo ngesikhathi sokuza kwayo.

Umbala we-dragonflies uphethwe luhlaza okotshani, okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, onsundu. Izintambo zibonakele. Abesifazane bayabekezelela kunabesilisa.

Ukuzala kabusha nentuthuko

Umanyolo we-dragonflies kwenzeka emoyeni. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ezindlini ezingekho emgodini ikakhulukazi ngamanzi amile noma izama ukuwabeka ezingxenyeni zezitshalo zasemanzini ezifile. Amaqanda abekwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene: udrako ungamane uwaphonse emanzini. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi icwilisa kuphela isisu echibini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi icwiliswa ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi umzimba ama-dragonflies avikelwe i-bubble yomoya.

Amaqanda ama-dragonflies, ngokuya ngezinhlobo, angaba ayindilinga noma amade, makhulu futhi abe mancane. Inani lamaqanda nge-clutch ngayinye lingasukela kwezingcezu ezingama-250 kuya kwezingama-500 futhi lihambisana nokusinda kabi kwezibungu.

Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kombungu asaziwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-dragonflies futhi sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-20 kuya kwezingu-9. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, izibungu ziqhamuka eqandeni - isimemezelo. Umjikelezo wempilo yakhe umfushane kakhulu, imizuzwana nje embalwa. Bese kulandela molt wokuqala, ngenxa yalokho kuvela izibungu zangempela - mollusk. Ubukhulu bawo buyi-1.5 mm kuphela.

Izibungu zikhula kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ziye eminyakeni ethile, kuya ngohlobo lukadrako kanye nezimo zezemvelo. Echibini, kulula ukubona ngamehlo ayo amakhulu, njengodrako omkhulu, nomlomo waso ophansi odumile, osebenza njengesitho esibamba izibungu.

AmaNiads, njengabantu abadala, angabadli. Izibungu ezihambayo nezinye izinambuzane zasemanzini ziba izisulu zazo. I-larva inobuhlungu obukhulu: ifinyelela kancane kubude be-5 cm, idla inyamazane isisindo sayo kabili.

Ngokuntuleka kokudla echibini, ama-mollusks aqala ukudlana.

Izibungu ziphenduka udrako ezweni, lapho isikhumba salo soma khona. Ngemuva kwalokho kwenzeka i-molt yokugcina bese kuvela udrako omncane.

Ama-dragonflies angabamele abajwayelekile bezilwane zezinhliziyo ezifudumele. Lokhu kudalwa okukhulu kwezinambuzane ze-amphibiont, abantu abadala abahlala emhlabeni, nezibungu ezisesimweni semanzini. Ngenxa yendlela evulekile, baziwa kakhulu abantu. I-Dragonfly ihlukile emzimbeni othambile, umbala obomvu noma onsundu. Inzalo yakhe ikhula emanzini amile anezimila eziningi. Yize sincane ngesizotha, lesi sinambuzane sinosizo olukhulu, sichitha omiyane, izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane zezolimo.

Amaqembu edrako

Ososayensi bathole futhi bachaza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha zamadrako. Bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili:

1. I-Damselfly dragonflies - isizinda esiseduze sifaka izinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezintathu, phakathi kwazo udrako. Isici esibonakalayo ukubekwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwamaphiko aphathelene ne-eksisi yomzimba. Izimbili zangaphambili zamaphiko zikhulu kunasemuva. Leli qembu lifaka izinyamazane ezishesha kakhulu, ijubane lokuqopha kufika ku-100 km / h. Izinyoka zihlala emanzini.
2. Damselfly - iqembu lezinambuzane ezinobukhulu obufanayo bangaphambili namaphiko angemuva. Indiza yabo ibushelelezi futhi iyalinganiswa. Ekuphumuleni, amaphiko amise okwophahla phezu kwesisu. Izibungu zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi emile futhi egelezayo.

I-Dragonfly ingeyamalungu omndeni wezinyoka zangempela. Abamele bayo bancane (3-5 cm). Zitholakala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.

Ukwakheka komzimba kanye nemibala

Ama-Dragonflies avela ku-genus Sympetrum noma squash angabameli abajwayelekile bezilwane zaseRussia. Ubude bomzimba wabo buyi-38-40 mm, okufika kuwo kufika ku-28 mm esiswini. Ikhanda likhulu, lichazwe kahle, liyiselula. Kubantu abadala, ibanzi kunesifuba futhi ixhumeke ku-prothorax. Amehlo makhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi, ahlanganiswe ngezici eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20-30. Ingxenye ephezulu yesitho inesibopho sokubona u-contour wezinto, kanti ophansi uhlukanisa imibala. Ama-Antennas ethulwa ngendlela yama-bristles amafushane amafushane. Amehlo amathathu alula atholakala emqheleni. Umugqa omnyama ugijimela ekhanda elinsundu, phakathi komqhele nekhanda. Okokusebenza komlomo kuyanqwabelana, ama-mandibles aqinile anikezwa ngamazinyo abukhali.

Izimbambo namabili amaphiko kutholakala esifubeni sesinambuzane. Ingxenye engemuva ye-prothorax ine-protrusion ethe mpo. Kuyo ikhula umphetho wezinwele ezinde. Imivimbo emnyama ihamba eceleni kwezicubu zesikhumba. Umhlane wedrako uthiwa nje emuva, ngakho-ke amaphiko asemuva kwezingalo. Ezindodeni zesisu esivamile esikhanyayo, isifuba sibomvu ngemivimbo emithathu emnyama, umbala wezinsikazi uphuzi onsundu, imivimbo emithathu nayo ikhona.

Izimpiko

Ama-dragonflies afakwe ngamabili amaphiko. Emaphikweni asezingeni eliphakeme, umbhangqwana ongaphambili udlula amapharamitha wangemuva. Ipuleti lephiko lakhiwa izingqimba ezimbili ze-chitinous futhi liqiniswa ngemithambo. Ubude bawo bucishe bulingane nobukhulu bomzimba. Izimpiko zangemuva zanwebeka phansi. Izimpiko zeSympetrumvulgatum zingama-60 mm, ubude bephiko lendluzele buyi-24-29 mm, kuthi iphiko elingaphambili libe ngu-33- 37 mm. Indawo ithambile kakhulu, i-hemolymph itholakala emithanjeni emikhulu, futhi encane ayinazikhala. Enye yamasayithi abalulekile yi-pterostigma, ukuqina ngaphambi kwamaphiko. Ngaphandle, kubukeka njengendawo emnyama, ngesikhathi sokundiza, kwenza iphiko likhulu kakhulu, likuvumela ukuthi ukhulise ukugqama kwepheji.

Imininingwane. Udrako ojwayelekile awunazo iziqaqa eziphuphuthezayo ngaphansi kwamaphiko.

Ukubhebhetheka

Ama-dragonflies asabalele kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Izinhlobo eziningi zamadrako wesimanje ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zamadrako zingabonakala eSouth America.

Ama-dragonflies angahlala lapho kunamachibi, izimo zokushisa ezinhle futhi kunesilinganiso sokudla esanele. Ungahlangana nabo eduzane, ehlathini, esitebhisini nasezintabeni.

Izimbotshana

Imilenze kadrako ojwayelekile umnyama, umucu ophuzi uphuma ngaphandle ngaphandle. Kwenziwe izimbambo ezintathu zemilenze ukubamba umzimba wesinambuzane nokubamba inyamazane. Azisetshenziselwa ukuhamba noma ukugijima. Imilenze yakhiwa izingxenye eziyisi-5 eziyinhloko:

Ngaphakathi emlenzeni ongezansi kanye nethangeni kukhona imigqa eminingana ye-spiny setae. Isitsha esiyingxenye emincane kakhulu futhi emifushane kunazo zonke zesilungu. Kunezinhlavu ezimbili ezibunjiwe ezinyaweni. Imilenze nemilenze emide yenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha “ibhasikidi lokuzingela” lokubamba inyamazane emoyeni.

Isisu

Isisu sodrako ojwayelekile sithambile futhi sibanzi. Siqukethe izingxenye ezi-10 ezigcwele nezindala. Ingxenye ngayinye yakheka isihlangu esingaphezulu nesingaphansi sangaphansi. Ngenxa yenhlanganisela ehambisekayo, izinambuzane zingagobisa isisu ngokukhululeka. Ukwakheka kwesitho sowesilisa nowesifazane kuhlukile. Abesilisa abasesigabeni sokugcina banezithasiselo ezikhethekile zokubamba umuntu oshade naye lapho bezala. Isitho sabo sesibili se-kopulative sitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yengxenye yesibili. Ukuvulwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane phakathi kwengxenye yesishiyagalombili neyesishiyagalolunye. Abesifazane bane-ovipositor. Emadodeni, isisu sibomvu ngomucu ohlangothini omnyama, kwabesifazane kuba nsundu ngombala omnyama.

Livare

Izibungu ze-Dragonfly zibizwa ngama-nymph noma ama-mollusks. Ngokubukeka nokwakheka kwawo, ahlukile ngokumangalisayo kubantu abadala. Ama-dragonfly nymph anomzimba omkhulu we-17-19 mm ubude. Ukuphefumula kwenziwa ngezitho zangaphakathi - gill gill. Izibungu ziqoqa amanzi zingene kwi-rectum, lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshana kwegesi. Umbala womzimba uluhlaza grey, uluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu onsundu. Ama-nymph ambozwe ngephethini enemibala.

Iqiniso elihehayo. Ukwenza ijerk ebukhali ngemuva kokuhlaselwa inyamazane noma ukucasha esitheni, izibungu ziphonsa umfudlana wamanzi kusukela kumthambo.

Progeny

Ama-dragonflies ayizinambuzane ngokuguqulwa okungaphelele. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwabo uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

Owesifazane abaningi o-dragonfly bazalela amaqanda kusilika osogwini, enhlabathini emanzi noma emanzini. Ngobusika, izibungu ziyavela kokukhulisa, okuphawuleka ukubukeka kwazo kanye nezimpawu zokuphila. Babamba iqhaza elikhulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zasedamu. Izinyoka zihlala emanzini agobhozayo noma abuthakathaka. Bancamela ukuziphilela impilo yokuzifihla, bacashe phakathi kwezitshalo zasemanzini noma bazingcwabe ngotshani. Isibungu se-dragonfly sinomzimba omfushane nobanzi. Isimo sesigqoko sakhiwe ngesigqoko.

Izinyamazane ezincane zidla inyamazane ebukhoma. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi lapho beqamekele, belinde izibungu zezinambuzane noma i-daphnia ukuba zisondele. Ukudla kudonswa ngobuningi, ikakhulukazi ama-nymph asemasha athokozela kakhulu. Okosuku badla ama-invertebrates, isisindo sawo esidlula esawo. Ngaphambi kokukhula, inzalo idinga izixhumanisi ezi-7 kuye kwezingu-11. Inani labo lincike ezimweni zemvelo nasekuhlinzekweni kokudla. Ukuqunjelwa kokugcina kwenzeka emhlabeni. Kulokhu, i-nymph ikhethwa endaweni eqinile - itshe, isiga noma isiqu. Isikhumba sezibungu some kanye nemifantu. Kuyo, kukhethwe udrako. I-imago ithatha isikhathi ukusabalalisa nokwenza lukhuni amaphiko. Umlingiswa wokugcina wombala wezinhlobo utholakala izinsuku eziningana.

Inani lomuntu

Ojoka nabantu abavamile ukuba nezingxabano. Abamele umndeni wakwa-Odonata baletha izinzuzo ezinhle. Balawula inani lezinambuzane eziphuza igazi - omiyane, izibawu, omiyane. Abantu abadala babhubhisa izinambuzane emhlabeni, nama-nymphs emanzini. Ama-dragonflies aphephile ngokuphelele kubantu. Zinezindimbane, azibekezeleli ukugula. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyazwela izimo zamanzi. Bafa ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi.

Imisebenzi yabantu ivame ukusongela imvelo yezinhlobo ezithile zamadrako. Abamele iSympetrumvulgatum basaphephile. Ukuba endaweni yokugcina amanzi, ngokubekezela ngokwanele nokuqapha, ungalinda ukuxhumana okusondelene nodrako. Isinambuzane sihlala siseduze.

Kulesi sihloko, siphakamisa ukuthi ukhulume ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesidalwa lukadrako. Ukwakha, ukondla, ukukhiqiza kabusha, izinzuzo nokulimaza - konke lokhu kuyimibuzo yethu ebalulekile, lapho uzothola khona impendulo ngokufunda le ndatshana emfushane.

Okokuqala, senza ukubhuka: udrako mamba unemilenze eyisithupha ehlanganisiwe. Lesi isinambuzane esingokwesikhwanyana sezinambuzane ezinamaphiko. Lezi zidalwa eziningi zize zibe neqembu lazo - ama-dragonflies.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ulithola kanjani leli gama? NgesiRussia, kuyinhlanganisela yamagama amabili aphelelwe yisikhathi: i-egoza ne-chirping. Igama lokuqala lihunyushwa njenge-fidget, bese elesibili ukugxuma. Leli gama lichaza ngokuphelele indlela yokubaleka kwalezi zidalwa ezisheshayo ezibizwa ngokuthi udrako. Ukwakha kungumbuzo wokuqala esizowucubungula njengamanje.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Sihlole ezinye zezakhi zama-dragonflies, kepha kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi bangaphila iminyaka eyishumi. Lawa ngamakhulu eminyaka emhlabeni wezinambuzane. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eminingi.

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka-6.5 zalezi zidalwa ezingavamile, ezinomusa nezinhle emhlabeni wethu. E-Russia, ungathola inani elincane lezinhlobo, ezingaba ngu-150. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sempilo yama-dragonflies sincike ngqo kuhlobo, okungenani izinyanga ezimbili, futhi ama-livers eside kakhulu angahlala iminyaka eyishumi. Umjikelezo ophelele wokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane ufakiwe kule nkathi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwama-larva kwezinye izinhlobo kungathatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Isakhiwo sangaphandle sodrako siyoncika ngqo kuhlobo. Kunemikhawulo emithathu kuphela yalezi zinambuzane:

Bahluka kanjani? Ukubuka kokuqala kunamabili amaphiko, kuncane futhi kucishe kufane. Uma udrakoleni esekuphumule, khona-ke amaphiko omabili angaphambili nangasemuva ayakhuphuka futhi axhumeke. Esimweni sesibili, amaphiko anomumo ohlukile, ekuphumuleni anwebeka ezinhlangothini. Uhlobo okuwukuphela kwesigaba sesithathu, lezi zinambuzane zivamile eJapan naseNdiya. Isici salokhu kokugcina futhi ukuthi bahlanganisa izici zesizinda sokuqala nesesibili.

Abamele abavamile kakhulu be-equine dragonflies:

• Ubuhle
• Umcibisholo.
• ILyute-Dryad.
• Megaloprepus caerulatus.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi eyokugcina yalezi izinyoka ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela amasentimitha ayishumi, kanti amaphiko ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye.

Abamele ngokugqamile kwesigatshana sokuhlukahluka:

• UMbusi uMbusi.
• Cordulegaster ringed.
• Isipikha sensimbi.
• Umkhulu uvamile.
• Udrako ovamile.

Habitat

Izici zesakhiwo sangaphandle se-dragonflies nendlela yokuphinda ikhiqize ngqo kuya ngendawo. Lezi zinambuzane zithanda ukuhlala futhi zenze imisebenzi yazo eduze kwamanzi. Ukukhanga okunjalo entweni yamanzi kungachazwa kanjani? Konke kulula kakhulu: ama-dragonflies abeka amaqanda awo emanzini.

Bakhetha izindawo eziseduzane nemifudlana yezintaba, emachibini, emachibini, emifuleni nasemiseleni. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezinjalo zamadrako akhetha ukubhukuda. Izinyoka ziyizinambuzane ezithanda ilanga, zivame ukucwilisa ngaphansi kwelanga lapho kucwathile nasezindizeni. Kodwa-ke, kude namanzi akuboni ukundiza. Ngezinsuku ezinamafu nezimvula, ama-dragonflies akaphumi; ancamela ukuba sendlini yokukhosela.

Zuza futhi ulimaze

Usizo ukuthi izinyoka ezindala zidla izinambuzane ezicasulayo nezilimazayo (omiyane, izimpukane nezinye), izibungu zazo ziqothula izibungu zomiyane. Kodwa-ke, ama-dragonflies asabalalisa isifo esiyingozi sezinyoni - i-protogonymosis. Izibungu zabamele abathile ziyakwazi ukudla i-fry ezindaweni zokudoba.

60.I-Dragonfly squad (Odonata): Incazelo Ngokujwayelekile

Ukuhlonza izinyoka (I-ODONATA) yehlukile futhi ayithakaseli isayensi kuphela, kodwa futhi noma yimuphi umuntu. Ukuchithwa kwe-ODONATA (iziloba), emhlabeni kwezwe, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezingama-3,600 (7) kuya kwezingu-4 500 (10), kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-80 kuphela zabamele lokhu kukhula enkabeni yeYurophu. it endala izinambuzane ezazihlala ziludala ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo. Izinsalela zakudala kakhulu zama-dragonflies angokwesikhathi seCarboniferous, futhi zimbalwa kakhulu zazo, ikakhulukazi isikhathi se-Jurassic, kuphela ezibukeka njengezinye izinhlobo zesimanje.

Ama-dragonflies angamasayizi aphakathi noma amakhulu (kuze kube ngu-13 cm) izinambuzane ezidla inyama, ebonakala nge-metamorphosis eqhubekayo (5). Ekukhuleni kwayo, lesi sinambuzane sidlula ezigabeni ezintathu - iqanda, izibungu (nymph), ne-imago. Uhlobo olungaphelele lokuguqulwa luphawu. I-imago enomzimba omncane noma omatasa, enamabili amaphiko ahlelwe ngendlela efanayo anendawo yokufaka umoya. Kunamehlo amakhulu ekhanda (eziyinkimbinkimbi) ekhanda; kukhona amehlo amathathu alula (2). Ama-antenna (ama-antennas) amafushane, amise okomhlana, anezingxenye ezingama-4-7. Esiwombeni sokuqala samaphiko kukhona isixobongo - pterostigma. Izimpiko zingabonakala obala noma zibe nombala. Imilenze iyagijima, lo mbhangqwana wokuqala wenzelwe ukubamba inyamazane. Izitho zokuzwa zitholakala ku-antennae, izitho zomsindo zisezandleni zamaphiko.

Thayipha izibungu mollusk (ube nama-gillal gill) bukhoma kusuka unyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu . Kuhlanzwe kwinqubo yokuthuthuka kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-25. Izibungu zinokugedla komlomo kwezitho zomlomo ezinezindebe ezinde ezigogeke ngamadolo. Ishintshwe isitho esinamandla okubamba esingabamba isisulu, imilenze iqinile, abameleli besigatshana seZygoptara banezigaba ezintathu zomsila obunjwe ngamahlamvu. Ubukhulu beqanda, kuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, lisuka ku-0,5 mm laya ku-2 mm. Ama-dragonflies amadala adla izinambuzane ezibanjwe kule mpukane. Ama-dragonflies ayizidlakudla ezisebenzayo. Umuntu ngamunye unensimu yakhe, adla kuyo, evikela ezihlotsheni zayo futhi, uma kunesidingo, uyayilwela. Ngokwendlela abaziphatha ngayo, bangabizwa imidlwane . Ama-Dragonflies adla omiyane, izimpukane zamahhashi nabanye abaningi abamele ama-arthropods, cishe zonke izinambuzane ezingabamba futhi zinqotshwe. Ama-nymphs aphila impilo yasemanzini, ehlala kakhulu emanzini amaningi amachibi: amachibi, amachibi kanye nezintokazi ezindala zemifula. Ayikwazi ukubhukuda, kepha iya ezansi phakathi kwezidumbu ezonakalisayo noma izimila. Ama-Nymph futhi angabadli: abamba izinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-crustaceans, azibambe ngezindebe zawo ezibuyekayo (imaski) ifakwe ngama-tweezers. Ziphinde zidle nezibungu zomiyane nezimpukane.

Amaqanda abekwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene emanzini noma eduze kwamanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyazicwilisa emathinini wezitshalo noma ngokhuni olubolile, ezinye zibekwa ngendlela yezinxe kwezinye izinto ngqo ngaphansi kobuso bamanzi, ezinye zifakwa emaphayipini noma emasongweni emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi zifakwe odakeni olumanzi emaphethelweni amanzi. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo eziningi zigxilisa emanzini futhi zigeza amaqanda kusukela ekugcineni kwesisu. Amanye akhasa ngaphansi kwamanzi, abeka amaqanda. Ngenkathi kubekwa amaqanda, ezinye izinsikazi zigoqa amaphiko awo zibe mise okomuntu othize. Insikazi ingaphila kusuka kumaqanda angama-200 kuya kwayi-1600 impilo yayo yonke. Izinhlobo ezithile futhi ziye zifinyelela emashumini ezinkulungwane. Ama-Dragonflies angakha ukufuduka. Ama-nymph ezinhlobo ezincane akhula phakathi nonyaka.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu, ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemine. Ubusika busesigabeni se-nymph. Lapho isifinyelele usayizi wayo ogcwele, i-nymph inyuka iphume emanzini bese igibela esiqwini sesitshalo noma enye into ekhombisa ukusuka emanzini iya kolt okokugcina. Izembozo zemihelo ezisanda kuvela ze-imago ziqinisa lukhuni bese zithola umbala ngokuhamba kancane: eziningi zazo zidinga eyodwa noma ezimbili kosuku. Abesilisa nabesilisa bangahlukaniswa ubukhulu bemibala: abesilisa banemibala egqamile, izintokazi azilingani. Ngaphezulu kwesisu sesilisa kukhona amabala angaphezulu angenamikhawulo - izintambo zokuncanyana, kanti izinsikazi zibhanqwe phezulu kuphela.Isici esimangalisayo Isikwati siyindlela yokuqhathanisa. Kulokhu ukubaluleka kungokweduna: ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane ezingamaduna, udrako omkhulu wesilisa unezitho zangasese zesibili, ezitholakala kwisisu sesibili sesisu - i-vesicular receptor. Ukuvulwa kwezitho zangasese uqobo kutholakala esiswini sesisu se-9. Ukuba nezitho zangasese ezinjalo, owesilisa kufanele enze okulandelayo ngaphambi kokuzalela: owesilisa ugoba ukuphela kwesisu phambili futhi udlulisela isidoda kwi-vesicular receptor. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa, esebenzisa umsila wakhe we-gonopods, ugoqa intamo yowesifazane, emva kwalokho owesifazana ugoqa isisu sakhe phambili emuva emvinini wesibili wesilisa futhi kulesi sikhundla ukudluliselwa kwesidoda empeleni kwenziwa. Inqubo enjalo engajwayelekile ayaziwa kunoma yikuphi ukuhleleka kwezinambuzane.

Inani abamele le-oda yezinambuzane, ngokwemvelo, enqunywe yi imvelo yokuphinga yokuziphatha , ubuhle bokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo, kanye nendawo yokuhlala yesigaba sokukhula esikhulu: izilozi zilondolozela ukulingana kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo hhayi ngokudla abamele umhlaba wezilwane, kepha futhi nangeqiniso lokuthi izibungu zazo zingamasosha aphakathi kwezifo ezahlukahlukene (kuze kufinyelele ezinhlotsheni ezingama-160), kubandakanya nesifo esinjengalesi Ngendlela yayo nenhle, nezinhlobo eziningi nangombala wayo, ama-dragonflies adlala indima enkulu ekuboneni ubuhle bomhlaba ngumuntu. Izinhlobo ezintathu zezinambuzane zingokuhleleka kwe-dragonfly (ODONATA), zihluka kakhulu ekubukekeni kwazo nasekuziphatheni kwazo, nokho, inani lezimpawu zokuxilonga ezihluke ngazo komunye nomunye lincane. Izindlela zesimanje zelinye lamaphethelo, i-Anisozygoptera, azivamile kakhulu futhi zivame kuphela eSoutheast Asia. Kwezentela yesimanjemanje, ukumiswa kufaka phakathi izindawo ezingaphansi kwemigwaqo emibili - iZygoptera - diptera (Anisoptera).

Isizinda ZYGOPTERA - izinambuzane ezithambile nezibuthaka ngokundiza okufiphaza, ngokungafani nokuhamba okusheshayo nokugxile kokuhamba kwezinyoka eziningi. Umuntu omdala wama-dragonflies uhluka esifubeni esihlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile: isifuba sangaphakathi kanye nesifuba sangemuva kubukeka njengesixanxantathu esingunxande esise-engela esingaba ngamadigri angama-70-80 maqondana ne-axis emide yomzimba. Izimpiko zodwa zonke ziqondiswe emuva naphezulu phezulu ngakwesobunxele emaphethelweni angenhla enkabeni nangasemuva kwe-thorax. Ngenxa yokuthi ekugcineni lokhu kuthambekele ngandlela thile, amaphiko asongwe ngale ndlela ahlangana komunye futhi atholakala ngqo ngaphezu kwesisu. Iningi labantu abadala linombala omnyama, kepha abanye banamabhandishi abomvu noma amnyama ngamaphiko abo, noma luhlaza lwensimbi, noma umzimba wethusi namaphiko. Nymphs nazo umzimba omncane nezigxobo ezintathu ezinkulu zomsila. Zikhetha ukuhlala phakathi kweziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini, hhayi ngqo ngaphansi kwezindikimba zamanzi. Isigatshana lesi sifaka phakathi imindeni emithathu - iCalopterygidae, i-Agrionidae, neLestidae.ameleli wohlobo lweCalopteridae muhle kakhulu - Ubuhle be-Brilliant (ubuhle beCalopteryx), uBeauty - intombazane (iCalopteryx virgo). Abamele lesi sigcawu futhi yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: Arrow-Girl (Agrion puella), Lyutka i-dryad (Lestes dryas).

Isizinda I-Anisoptera uhlanganisa izinambuzane ne umzimba onamandla futhi ibhalwe ngendiza enamandla, enomusa futhi ilawulwa ngokugqamile. Isifuba asifakwanga njengasendabeni yabamele ama-dragonine anamaphiko we-equine futhi amaphiko ayo aphumule abhekiswe ezinhlangothini. Izinhlobo eziningi zinemibala ekhanyayo futhi zinephethini elihehayo emaphikweni azo - ziboshwe noma zibala. Kubantu asebekhulile, indwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuziwe ivame ukukhula emzimbeni nasemaphikweni, yona ifake umbala wokuqala kanye nephethini. Ama-nymph nawo asongelwe phansi, amaningi ahlala kusilika noma odakeni ngaphansi kwamachibi amile. Amagilethi angaphandle kuzo abekho , kepha kukhona igumbi lokuphefumula elingunxande lapho okwenzeka khona ukushintshanisa ngegesi. Asikho esinye isinambuzane esinegumbi lokuphefumula elifanayo. Isigaba esingaphansi sifaka phakathi imindeni emibili - i-Aeschnidae, iLibtllidae. Abamele abaziwayo balesi sigatshana yizinhlobo - i-dragonfly flat (Libellula depressa), umhlanga we-rocker (Aeschna juncea). Izinhlobo ezilandelayo nazo zingaphansi kwalesi sigatshana - umlindi umbusi (i-Anax infator), iMacromia magnifica, udrako odlulile otholakala eCentral France ngamaphiko asakazekile afinyelela ku-70 cm - Meganeura monyi.

Ukuthi ubhabhela phambili

Lokho kulele njengendiza enophephela emhlane

Ngaphezulu kwamanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Phezu kotshani obukhulu

Phezu kwe-glade yehlathi ...

Ama-dragonflies angenye yezinambuzane ezinhle kakhulu. Zingabonakala ngosuku lwehlobo olunelanga ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Beza ngemibala ehlukene: luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, luhlaza okotshani, omnyama ... EJapan, ama-dragonflies ayebhekwa njengophawu lokunqoba, amavesi abhalwa ngabo futhi aboniswa emidwebeni.

Udrako unamaphiko amane amayezi, lokhu kumsiza ukundiza ngokushesha, kanti nomzimba omude, onjengomhlanga, umqondisa ukundiza kwakhe. Ijubane lendiza ye-Dragonfly ingamakhilomitha angama-96-144 ngehora. Amehlo akhe amakhulu acwebezela ngayo yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka! Zihlala cishe ikhanda lonke futhi zinamehlo amancane ayizinkulungwane ezingama-28.

Udrako uyabonakala futhi uzingela njalo. Udla izinambuzane ezincane: omiyane, izimbungulu, izimpukane, amabhu. Ngehora, udrako ungadla izimpukane ezingama-40.

Ama-dragonflies asebenza ehlobo lonke, futhi awela ekubandakanyeni ubusika. Lezi zinambuzane zingabikezela ngisho nesimo sezulu. Uma kungonakali, baziphatha ngokuthula, nangaphambi kokuba isimo sezulu siqoqane emihlambini bese siqala ukwenza imisindo enkulu, sishaya amaphiko aso. Udrako omkhulu kakhulu otholakala ezweni lethu yi-rocker. Imvamisa iba bomvu ngokubomvu, kepha ama-dragonfish aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nawo ayatholakala. Izimpiko zikadrako ziyizi-10 kanti ubude bomzimba wazo zingamasentimitha ayi-8.

Ubona konke, udrako

Indiza yakho egwazayo

Njengendiza enophephela emhlane esibhakabhakeni

Futhi ngokufika "okuphuthumayo"

Vula ngesibindi ama-paws.

Izibungu ze-Dragonfly - zibizwa nangokuthi ama-mollusks - zidla kakhulu. Ngosizo lomlomo omude kakhulu owelulelwe phansi, babamba gazinga, izithungu namabhungane amancane. I-larva ingadla kuze kufike ku-50 gry ngosuku. Ngonyaka, ubuhle obunamehlo amakhulu buzophuma ngesibungu. Isebuthakathaka, amaphiko athambile nokumboza umzimba, kepha ngemuva kwamahora amabili isivele indiza kahle.

Umbono wedrako

Ngokwehlukana, kubalulekile ukuphawula umbono wama-dragonflies. Zinhle nje! Noma kunjalo - Amehlo amakhulu, anezici ezinhle, avumela udrako ukubona yonke into ezungeze ama-degree angama-360 nangezindlela ezihlukile - ngaphambili nangemuva. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ojekamanzi ekuzingeleni. Imibala ka-Dragonfly ayibonwa ngokushesha ngamehlo. Izingxenye ezingenhla zimnyama futhi zimhlophe, ezingezansi zinombala.

Izinto ezihlobene:

Ngubani ohlala emfuleni nasemfuleni?

Ngabe udlani udrako?

Dragonfly - inyamazane yangempela . Ubamba isisulu sakhe emihlathini enamandla, asize amaphambili akhe, futhi ngokushesha adle empukane. Uma inyamazane ebanjiwe inkulu kakhulu, udrako uthi hlala otshanini udle isinambuzane. Isifiso sikaDragonfly siyamangaza. Ngosuku oluphelele lokuzingela, udrako ungabamba futhi udle izinambuzane ezingaba ngu-650. Uqinisa isisulu sakhe imizuzwana engu-15. Ngokuvamile, ukubuka indiza nokuzingela kwama-dragonflies kungumbono omangazayo futhi omangazayo. I-Dragonfly iyisimangaliso esimangalisayo uma kukhulunywa ngokundiza nokuhlela obala. Cishe ngemuva kokubona udrako, abantu bakha indiza enophephela emhlane.