Izinambuzane zalo mndeni, njengama-wasps ajwayelekile, azinayo ncazelo yesayensi.

Abamele umndeni womgibeli we-wasp uhlukaniswa ngezici ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle nendawo yokuhlala. Ukuba khona kwabo kokugwazwa nendlela yokuzala yokuhlangana kuhlanganiswe - kubeka amaqanda kwizibungu zezinye izinambuzane.

Ngokokukhuluma, lezi zidonsa i-hymenoptera nge-ovipositor ende, engahlobene nezinyosi.

Ukubukeka

Usayizi wabantu abadala usuka kumamilimitha ama-3 ukuya kumasentimitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Umbala uncike ezinhlotsheni ezithile. Umzimba uvame ukugoba ngesisu esiphakeme. Abesifazane bane-ovipositor ende engase idonseke noma ingadonswa esiswini. Zinezindlala ezinobuthi nokugwinya kulandela isibonelo somsipha. Izinhlobo eziningi zinamaphiko. Ezinye izintokazi zishoda ngamaphiko futhi zikhumbula ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane.

Propagate ngokubeka amaqanda emizimbeni yezibungu zezinye izinambuzane. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch lincike ezinhlotsheni ezithile.

Ama-washer amaningi wokuhlanzeka athande ukubeka amaqanda kwizimbungulu.

Umuntu ohlukunyezwayo angahlalisa kanyekanye izibalo ezimbili ezikhulayo. Isinambuzane esihambile sifefa ngenxa yokukhathala ngaphambi nje kokuhlanjululwa. Kuze kube manje, izimuncagazi ziwugcina usesimweni esihle.

Zihlakulela kakhulu izibungu zezinyosi, iminyovu, izimpukane, imichilo yamaphayino namanye amabhungane, kanye nakulezo zibungu.

Iminyovu yabantu abadala ihlala yodwa. Bakha izidleke emhlabathini noma basebenzise indawo yokuhlala yemvelo - iziqu zezitshalo, imifantu ekhoneni lesihlahla, nomhlaba ongalingani.

I-Mutillides

AmaMutillidae atholakala kakhulu esifundeni se-steppe. Emhlabeni wonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine zama-mutillides.

Ubukhulu obukhulu bomuntu omdala ngamasentimitha amathathu. Kunezici ezicacile zocansi: abesilisa bakhulu, abesifazane bancane. Umbala wesilisa umnyama noma onsundu. Izinsikazi zimbozwe izinwele ezinde ezinde futhi ezingenamaphiko - zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izintuthwane ze-velvet. Isisu sikhulu, si-convex, umzimba wombala okhanyayo obomvu noma owolintshi onamabala amnyama.

Lolu hlobo alwakhi izidleke. Ukuxuba izidleke zabanye abantu, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda kwizibungu zamabutho. Uncamela iminyovu, izinyosi nezimpukane. Uma kunesidingo, izimuncagazi zingazimela. Ngokudonsa isikhathi eside, insikazi ilwa ngokuphumelelayo nokuhlaselwa yizinyosi neminyovu evikela isidleke sayo.

Ama-Pompilides

AbakwaPompilidae baphila emhlabeni wonke. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zichaze izinhlobo ezingama-4900 zama-pompilides. Iningi lazo lisendaweni eshisayo eshisayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalawa mavi zitholakala naseCentral Asia naseCaucasus.

Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala ngamasentimitha angama-4. Umbala womzimba umnyama noma onsundu. Umzimba unciphile ngesisu eside esincanyana. I-ovipositor yezinsikazi idonswa esiswini. Izimpiko zakhiwe kahle, mnyama - ube nombala onsundu.

Uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu olunesisindo somzimba samasentimitha angama-5.5 luhlala eThailand. Le mfumba ihlukaniswa umbala omnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu esikhanyayo namaphiko e-orange asayizi okhangayo - ubude obungaba amasentimitha ayishumi.

I-Nest inikela emhlabathini, idwengula imincanyana emincane eduze kwemigwaqo. Kungakho igama lesibili - imigwaqo yomgwaqo. Bahlasela izicabucabu ezinkulu bese bezikhipha ngoshevu, babeke amaqanda amaningi emzimbeni womnikazi wekusasa lakhe.

Ama-Crabronides

ICrabronidae isatshalaliswa emhlabeni jikelele. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezi-8. EYurophu Bangama-600 babo abaphilayo. Ama-carbonide amakhulu kakhulu atholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Osayizi abadala bancane, afinyelela ku-2 amasentimitha. Ngombala nangokubukeka, izinambuzane zifana impela nompu. Umzimba umnyama ngemivimbo ephuzi esiswini esincane. Izimpondo zimfushane. Amaphiko akhule kahle, amnyama. I-ovipositor yezinsikazi idonswa esiswini.

Abamele izinhlangano ezingaphansi kwezindawo ababone kuzo ukudla babona amakhono okudla. Abanye bakhetha ukuzingela ama-aphid, abanye ngezinyosi, kanti abanye babe namaphiko.

Impisi yezinyosi ibangela ukulimala okukhulu kumapulazi okufuya izinyosi.

Izinambuzane eziguguleka emzimbeni zidluliselwa esidlekeni lapho izibungu ezincane zidla khona. Izinduna zihlelwe esihlabathini, zidabula izimbobo lapho. Igama lesibili ama-wasps washlabathi.

Incazelo yezinambuzane

Abagibeli bayisibonakaliso sezinambuzane ezihlobene ne-hymenoptera. Sekukonke, kufaka izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100, abameleli bazo, ngokwephuzu lokubukwa komqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, abanokhokho abajwayelekile. Bonke abagibeli yizinambuzane ezinobukhulu obuncane: ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala buvame ukusuka ku-3 mm kuya ku-3 cm. Abakhulu kubo bahlala emazweni ashisayo. Abagibeli baziwa ngokuyinhloko njengama-parasites, futhi bakhetha amanye ama-arthropods njengezitho zesisulu. Ukulunywa ngophondo lwenyathi kusongela umuntu uma kuyingozi kuye.

Umbala nosayizi wezinhlobonhlobo uhlukile. Iningi lazo linesisu eside, mncane impela, futhi linamaphiko amancane acacile afana namaphiko e-dragonfly angaphandle abancane. Kepha kwabesifazane bezinhlobo ezithile abekho, okubenza babukeke njengentuthwane.

Abagibeli kanye nama-wasps ajwayelekile kubo bonke banomehluko obalulekile: owokuqala awunawo udosi. Esikhundleni salokho, lesi sinambuzane sisebenzisa i-ovipositor, isitho sokuzala. Ngosizo lwayo, abesifazane bangenisa izisulu emzimbeni (imvamisa izinambuzane ezincane - izibungu zebhabhathane, izicabucabu), amaqanda abo noma izibungu. Kepha, njengomuthi ojwayelekile, abagibeli banezindlala ezikhipha ubuthi obuyingozi. Ezincwadini zakwamanye amazwe, lezi zinambuzane zibizwa nge- "wasps parasitic" (Parasitic Wasp), ezigcizelela ukufana.

Uthole igama le-infra-detachment "Rider" ngokungaqondakali kwenqubo yokubeka phansi izibungu: abamele bakhe bahlala ngaphezulu kwesisulu, njengomgibeli wehhashi.

Iqanda lilele kuChungane

Ukugibela iminyovu yendlela yokuhlanza ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-3:

• ama-ectoparasites, anamathisela amaqanda awo ebusweni bomzimba wezinye izinambuzane, asebenzise ubuthi obukhubazayo,
• ama-endoparasites, akhetha ukufaka ukubumbeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wesisulu, ngemuva kwalokho kuvela izibungu ezidla izicubu zakhe zangaphakathi,
• ama-superparasites - "ama-parasite parasites", athelelelela izinambuzane ngendlela yokuphila efanayo.

Izinhlobo zezinsima zama-Hornet zivame ukuba nomehluko omkhulu komunye.

AmaCephid

Ama-Sphecidae ajabulile. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-800, iningi lazo elithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseningizimu.

Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala kwabanye abamele kufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-6. Umbala womzimba umnyama. Isisu siyaphakama, sicwebezele. Amaphiko akhuliswe kahle anombala omnyama ngaphambili.

Izinduna zihlelwe enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Ezinye izinhlobo zakha izidleke ezibunjiwe. Zivame ukubonwa kakhulu odongeni lwezindlu.

Bazingela izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, bakhetha izicabucabu nezinkumbi. Ngemuva kokulimaza isisulu, i-sephid ithatha inyamazane iye esidlekeni, lapho ibekela khona amaqanda amaningana kuyo.

Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile

Njengoba sekushiwo, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zabagibeli be-wasp. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esipholile, imindeni ejwayelekile kakhulu

1. Ama-Mimarommatids, akwazi ukuhlala ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi futhi ahlanganisa namaqanda ezinambuzane.
2. Ama-Nutcrackers, angama-parasites nama-phytophages (adla ngokudla kwezitshalo).
3. Abagibeli be-Proctotrupoid abanobukhulu be-microscopic (ubude bomzimba bufika ku-5 mm). Zisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yemvelo yokulawula izinambuzane.
4. Ama-Chalcides, okukhona kuwo izinhlobo ezingama-200 eYurophu. Izinambuzane eziwusizo eziqeda amanye ama-arthropods ayingozi, nezinye zezinhlobo zawo zibandakanyeka ekungcolisweni kwezitshalo.
5. Abagibeli be-Evanoidoid, isisu saso esiphakanyiswe ngokwesifuba esifubeni. Izisulu zabo yimisipha, amaphela, imicibisholo.

Scoli

Ama-Scoliidae ayizinambuzane ezinkulu zokuhlanza umzimba. Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amanani amancane atholakala emazweni angaphambili e-CIS ezigodini ze-steppe nasehlathini.

Usayizi wezinambuzane zabantu abadala usukela kumasentimitha amabili kuya kwayi-10. Izimpiko zabamele abakhulu be-chin zifinyelela amasentimitha ayisithupha. Umbala womzimba umnyama. Esiswini kukhona amabala nemivimbo ophuzi noma omhlophe. Okungaphansi kakhulu izinambuzane ezinamabala abomvu noma e-orange. Izimpiko zikhule kahle, zimnyama, zinezintambo eziwububende. I-ovipositor yezinsikazi idonswa esiswini.

Le ntokazi ibilokhu indiza kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ibeka amaqanda kuzibungu ze-Mayle beetle ne weevil, kanye ne bhungane lobhejane. Uma ufuna ukudla kwezingane, kungena ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Lapho esethole izibungu, ubeka iqanda elilodwa kuso. I-Skoliya larva hibernates emzimbeni womsingathi. Abafundi entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kokushisa.

Impilo yomgibeli we-wasp

Izinhlobo zabagibeli bamahhashi zixazululwa kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres womhlaba, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Izinambuzane eziningi zingatholakala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi, ngoba zithanda umswakama ophezulu. Lapho bacasha khona emahlathini ezitshalo eziqhakazayo.

Abantu abadala bayasebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku, lapho beqala ukufuna abathwali bamaqanda noma izibungu. Abagibeli bahlukaniswa yisimilo esihle kakhulu: ngisho ukundiza kudlula esihlahleni, ngaphansi kwamagxolo okukhona kuwo izibungu zamabhungane, azizwa eyisisulu.

Umsoco

Uma izibungu zomgibeli we-wasp zisebenza ngenkuthalo izicubu zomzimba womsingathi, khona-ke abantu abadala akuyona imidlwane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezinye izinhlobo kulesi sigaba sokukhula azidingi ukudla nhlobo. Abanye, njengeMegarhyssa perlata, badla umpe wezimbali. Futhi abamele umndeni wakwaBraconid, yize bakhetha izimvemvane nezicishamlilo, balimaza impahla yomuntu: okusanhlamvu, okwegayi, nokudla okumnandi.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuzala ama-wasp rider yihlobo elinemvula nelifudumele. Kulesi simo sezulu, inani labantu landa kaningana.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ibeka amaqanda emzimbeni we-arthropods, izinambuzane eziningi ezincane kakhulu. Isayizi nosayizi wobumbano kungabantu ngamunye ohlotsheni ngalunye. Imvamisa, cishe izibungu ezingama-20 eziqanduselwa emaqandeni ziqandusela emzimbeni wesisulu esisodwa. Zidla ngezicubu, eziholela kancane kancane ekufeni komthwali ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa. Izibungu zisebenzisa “izinqolobane” kancane kakhulu: isisulu asifanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngoba abagibeli besikhathi esizayo bazokufa kanye naso.

Ingozi

Ukudlula iminyovu kuyingozi ngokuyinhloko kwamanye ama-arthropods, ngoba ukuhlukunyezwa kwezifo kuholela ekufeni kwawo. Lokhu inzuzo yezinambuzane: imvamisa ezinye izinambuzane ziba yisisulu, zidala umonakalo esitokisini sabantu, imfuyo, umhlaba wezolimo. Abagibeli, imvamisa “ama-superparasites,” bavimbela ukukhula kwabo kwenani labantu.

Kodwa ingabe umgibeli ongqimu ayingozi kubantu? Ukwesaba lezi zinambuzane akunasisekelo. Imizimba yabo, njengaleya iminyovu, ikhiqiza ubuthi, ngakho-ke ukulunywa kungadlula ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo. Kepha abagibeli abahlaseli abantu musa nje ukwenza ukubekwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba somuntu: bahlasela kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela.

Ubuthi buyingozi ikakhulukazi kulabo abangakwazi ukubekezelela izinto ezithile ezakha ukwakheka kwazo. Kulokhu, ukuluma kungavusa isimo esiyingozi - ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Ngisho noma kungekho-hypersensitivity ubuthi babagibeli, ukuqina nokuvuvukala kuvela esikhunjeni, okuhlala isilinganiso sezinsuku ezintathu.

Ukuvimbela ekuhlaselweni ngabagibeli be-wasp - nokuqapha. Uma izinambuzane zibonakala duzane, awudingi ukuzama ukusazi kangcono noma, kunalokho, usixoshe ngamandla ngezandla zakho. Lapho uhambela amahlathi nezindawo eziseduze namachibi, kungcono ukugqoka izingubo ezifanele umzimba wonke.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-rider ye-rider ilume? Uhlelo lwesenzo likhona jikelele ekuhlaselweni kwanoma yiziphi izinambuzane:

• Sula isilonda semicroscopic nge-antiseptic,
• uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ama-analgesic kanye ne-anti-allergic,
• uma ukusabela kukhulu, khona-ke ama-antihistamines kufanele athathwe ngomlomo.

Kepha imvamisa umhlangano nabagibela i-wasp kwenzeka ngaphandle kwemiphumela engemihle.

Abagibeli bathande izinambuzane maqondana nabantu, abakaze bakhethe abantu njengento yokuhlakulela umzimba. Inzuzo yabo ukunciphisa inani lezinye izilokazane. Ingozi kuphela ukuluma kwabo okunobuthi, okudala imizwa engathandeki.

Indlela yokuhlanza iminyovu

Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngokuqeda amaqanda emizimbeni yezinye izinambuzane. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch lincike ohlotsheni lwe-Hornet. Kwisisulu esisodwa, izibungu ezifika ku-20 zingakhula ngasikhathi sinye. Umgcini, lapho izidumbu zakhe zikhula, ubulawa ukukhathala ngaphambi nje kokuhlanjululwa. Isikhathi sonke, izibungu zabagibeli be-wasp zigcina umzimba wesisulu usesimweni esihle.

Ukudlula iminyobo kuholela endleleni yokuphila yokuxhamazela.

Imvundla ye-Equestrian ihlala ivuthwa kakhulu izibungu zezimpukane, izinyosi, iminyovu, amabhungane nezinambuzane ezindala. Abagibeli be-Wasp abadala bahlala bodwa. Bakha izidleke ngaphansi komhlaba noma benza izindlu ngamagxolo ezihlahla neziqu zezitshalo.

Izinhlobonhlobo zabagibeli bokusitha

• I-Mutillides

Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kwabagibeli be-wasp kutholakala ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-steppe. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba zinkulungwane ezine zama-mutillides.

Ubude obukhulu be-mutillide yabantu abadala ngamasentimitha amathathu. Kunokwehluka okucacile phakathi kobulili: abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Abesilisa banombala omnyama onsundu noma omnyama, kanti umbala wesifazane ungowolintshi noma ubomvu okhanyayo ngamabala amnyama, kuyilapho umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezinde ezinzima. Abesifazane abanazimpiko, ngakho-ke, babizwa nge- “velvet ants.”

Umgibeli onamaphiko.

Ama-Mutillid awazakhi izidleke. Izinsikazi zigibela izidlekeni ezingafani nezinyosi, imichilo noma izimpukane, bese zibeka amaqanda kuzibungu zamabutho. Uma igciwane lisengozini, lingakwazi ukuzimela ngosizo lokuqina, lilwe nabaphathi abavikela izidleke zabo.

Lolu hlobo lwabagibeli benkomazi luhlala emhlabeni wonke. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-4900 zama-pompilides. Esikhathini esiningi lezi zinambuzane zihlala ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, atholakala eTranscaucasia nase-Asia Ephakathi.

Ubungako be-pompilida yabantu abadala bufika kumasentimitha amane. Umzimba onsundu noma umnyama. Isimo somzimba sinciphile, isisu mude futhi mncane. Kwabesifazane, i-ovipositor idonswa esiswini. Amaphiko ansundu akhule kahle.

E-Thailand, kunohlobo olukhulukazi lwe-pompilid olunosayizi womzimba wamasentimitha ayi-5.5. Umbala wabagibeli be-wasp waseThai uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti isisu sikhazimula. Izimpiko zamawolintshi zikhulu kakhulu, ubukhulu bazo bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10.

Ukugibela iminyovu ngokwesayensi kubizwa ngokuthi abagibeli be-Ichmonmonoid.

Amaphayiphu enza izidleke emhlabathini, kuyilapho egaya imigodi emincane eduze kwemigwaqo, yingakho igama lesibili laqhamuka - iminyovu yomgwaqo. Amaphayiphu adla izicabucabu ezinkulu, azishwabanise ngoshevu bese ebeka amaqanda amaningana emizimbeni yazo.

Le nhlobonhlobo yabagibeli be-wasp ijwayelekile emhlabeni wonke. Imfihlo engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisi-8, kanti izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-600 zihlala eYurophu. Abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Usayizi womzimba we-crabronides mncane - ubude bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-2.

Ngokubukeka nangombala, ama-crabronides afana nama-wasps ajwayelekile - isisu sinciphile, futhi umzimba umnyama ngemivimbo ephuzi. Izimpethu ekhanda zimfushane. Izimpiko ezimnyama zenziwe kahle. Abesifazane badonsela i-ovipositor esiswini.

Amanye ama-crabronides adla izinyosi, amanye anamaphiko, kanti amanye kuma-aphid nokunye. Izinambuzane zifeza izinambuzane, zizidlulisele esidlekeni lapho izibungu zizidla khona. Ama-crabronid enza izidleke esihlabathini, ngakho abizwa nangokuthi ama-wasps was sand.

• AmaCephid

Ama-blindids ayaziwa. Zingaba ngu-800 izinhlobo zeminduze ezihlukene, eziningi zazo ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Abanye abamele le nhlobo bafinyelela ubude amasentimitha ayi-6. Umzimba unombala omnyama. Isisu sikhanyile, siphakeme. Amaphiko akhule kahle, engxenyeni yawo yangaphambili ibonakala kalula.

Ama-Scaphid akha izidleke enhlabathini enesihlabathi, futhi amanye amalungu omndeni akha izidleke zestucco. Isibonelo, izidleke ezinjalo zivame ukutholakala odongeni lwezindlu. Abagibeli bemfucumfucu bahlasela izinambuzane ezinhlobonhlobo, bakhetha isikhonyane nezicabucabu. ICephida ikhubekisa isisulu bese iyisa esidlekeni, futhi lapho ibekela amaqanda amaningana kuyo.

Abagibeli bepisi bakhulu, ubude bomzimba babantu abadala buyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha amabili kuya kwayi-10. Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu, ubukhulu bomzimba bungafinyelela amasentimitha ayisithupha. ISkolii zivamile ezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa futhi zitholakala ezindaweni ezisehlathini zeCIS yangaphambili.

Chippies zimnyama. Isisu sinamachashaza noma amabala anemibala emhlophe noma ephuzi, kuyaqabukela lapho amabala angaba ngawolintshi noma abomvu. Izimpiko zakhiwe kahle, zinombala onsomi.

Ukundiza kwabesifazane kubonwa ekuqaleni kwami. Izinsikazi ziyazalela amaqanda kwizibungu ze-weevil, mabhungane ka May noma amabhungane obhejane. Insikazi ingena shí emhlabathini, ibheke isisulu lapho bese isibeka phezu kwayo. Izibungu hibernate ngaphakathi umzimba host, futhi pupate entwasahlobo.

Lo mndeni mncane impela. Emazweni e-CIS, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30, kanti ezaseYurophu - zingu-20 izinhlobo. UTyphus mncane ngosayizi - umuntu ngamunye, njengomthetho, angedluli amasentimitha ayi-1 ubude.

Lezi zinambuzane zivame kakhulu emhlabeni.

Isisu mude, umbala womzimba umnyama ngokukhanya. Imilenze imnyama nsundu futhi amaphiko amnyama ansundu. Esiswini kwezinye izinhlobo kunemivimbo ephuzi emincane.

I-typhus ibeka amaqanda ayo kwizibungu zamabhungane, ngaphambi kokubakhubazeka isikhashana. Isithwali esenegciwane siyaqhubeka sikhula futhi sondle. UTyphus uqeda izinambuzane zezilimo zokusanhlamvu, ngokwesibonelo, okusanhlamvu. Kepha izibungu zazo nazo zidla ngokubhekelwa kokudakayo naku-May bugs.

Lolu hlobo lusatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. I-Metoh iyinhlobo engajwayelekile. Izinambuzane zabantu abadala zingafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-13. Abesilisa banombala omnyama womzimba, amaphiko ansundu. Izinsikazi azinamaphiko. Umhlane, imilenze nesifuba sowesifazane kubomvu. I-Ovipositor ingaphandle. Ngokubukeka, izinsikazi zifana nezintuthwane ezinkulu.

Ukundiza umgibeli wendiza.

IMetohi ihlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda kuma-mabhungane anamahhashi. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ibopha isisulu, bese idonsela ibhungane emgodini bese ilimboza ngamatshe amancane.

Lolu hlobo lomgibeli wamahhashi luhlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo, cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zihlala eYurophu. Sekukonke, zingaba ngu-1800 izinhlobo zama-betilides ahlukanisiwe.

Amasayizi omzimba asukela kumamilimitha angama-1-10. Umzimba mncane futhi mncane, umnyama. I-betilides ayinazimpiko futhi ifana nezintuthwane. Abagibeli bepompo basiza abantu ekulweni nezilokazane - ukotini enobumba kanye nencwajana yamagilebhisi.

I-betilida yowesifazane incane izikhathi eziningana kunesisulu, kuyilapho ihlasela ngesibindi futhi ikhubazeka, ngenxa yalokho isisulu singakwazi ukulawula ukugwazwa kwayo. Izinsuku eziningana, insikazi iluma umuntu ohlukunyezwe emaqenjini ahlukene emisipha, imnciphisa amandla. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda emzimbeni wesisulu, insikazi ngokwayo idla i-lymph yayo izinsuku eziningana, lokhu kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamaqanda. Ngenxa yalokho, i-betilide ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-150.

Ukukhathazeka ngenzalo kuwuphawu lwama-betilides; insikazi ibilokhu inakekela izibungu isikhathi esithile, ibakhonkotha.

• I-Emerald Cockroach Wasp

Lolu hlobo lomgibeli we-wasp yilona olubi kakhulu kumakhaza asezindaweni ezishisayo, ngoba i-emerald emnyama isiguqula iqhude libe "zombie." Ngemuva kokuncipha kokulahla inhlansi, iqhude liba limpilo bese lilandela umbulali wayo, imfumba leyo idlula amadevu bese iyiyisa kumakhonkco alungiselelwe. Emgodini, umhluzi ubeka amaqanda emzimbeni othambile weqhude. Izibungu ezinamahloni zidla iqhude kusuka ngaphakathi, ngenkathi liqhubeka liphila futhi likhubazekile.

Ukugibela iminyovu kuyizinambuzane ezingavamile.

I-Emerald cockroach wasp ibukeka inhle kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba walezi zinhlwayi bufinyelela amasentimitha amabili. Umzimba unciphile ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, unika i-sheen yensimbi. Imilenze ibomvu, futhi amaphiko angwevu.

Ukulimala nezinzuzo zabagibeli be-wasp

Abantu besaba abagibeli bemfucumfucu ngoba lezi zinambuzane ziyagwaza. Futhi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izixwayiso zabantu azinasizathu esihle, ngoba izinhlobo ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, ama-pompilides, zingaba yingozi ngempela. Ubuthi obunamandla balezi zinambuzane bungavusa ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic kubantu abane-hypersensitivity yalesi ubuthi.

Kwezinye izimo, ngemuva kokuhlaselwa abagibeli be-wasp, ama-painkiller kufanele asetshenziswe.

Kepha ngokuvamile, lezi zinambuzane zinokuthula maqondana nabantu, ngoba abanasifiso sokuthola imizimba yabantu, kodwa nemizimba yezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagibeli be-wasp basiza kakhulu kwezolimo, ngoba banciphisa kakhulu inani lezinambuzane ezinambuzane.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

ITyphia

UTiphia ungumndeni omncane. E-Yuropa, izinhlobo ezingama-20 ze-typhus zihlala, futhi ku amazwe akudala e-CIS- izinhlobo ezingama-30.

Okuhluke ngosayizi omncane. Abadala bafika kubudeamasentimitha ayi-1. Umbala womzimba umnyama, ucwebezela. Isisu sinciphile futhi siphakeme. Izintambo zinombala onsundu. Imilenze imnyama nsundu. Ezinye izinhlobo zinemivimbo emincane ephuzi esiswini.

Amaqanda abekwa kwizibungu zamabhungane, zikhubazeka isikhashana. Isinambuzane esinegciwane siyaqhubeka ukuhamba nokuthuthuka. UTyphus uyisitha esikhulu sezinambuzane ezisanhlamvu ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-goose. Futhi, ukudla kwazo okudla izibungu ngoMay bugs kanye namabhungane obulongwe.

Metoh

I-Metocha ichneumonoides itholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Izilwane ezinqabile kakhulu.

Usayizi wezinambuzane zabantu abadala ngamasentimitha ayi-13. Abesilisa abamnyama abanamaphiko ansundu. Izinsikazi azinamaphiko. Amabele, emuva kanye nemilenze yezinsikazi zinombala obomvu. I-ovipositor itholakala ngaphandle. Ngaphandle, izinsikazi zifana nezintuthwane ezinkulu.

Zihlala ezindaweni ezomile nezifudumele. I-Metocha ibekela amaqanda kwizibungu zamabhungane ohlanga. Ngaphambi kokwenza iziqu, ohlukunyeziwe ukhubazekile. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ifumba umgodi webhungane ngamatshe amancane.

Amabhele

IBethylidae ihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Cishe izinhlobo eziyi-100 zivamile eYurophu. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingama-1800 zichazwa yizazi zezinto eziphilayo.

Amasayizi we-betilide yabantu abadala aqala kumamilimitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-10. Umbala womzimba umnyama. Umzimba omncane onobuncane isisu. Abantu abangenazindiza bafana nezintuthwane.

Ama-betilides asiza umuntu empini yokulwa nezinambuzane - izinhlamvu zamagilebhisi, inundu likotini.

Insikazi, ihlasela izibungu ezikhudlwana kaningana kunosayizi wayo, ikhubazeka ngosizo lokugwaza izicubu ezilawula ukuqina. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinsuku eziningana, ihamba emzimbeni wesisulu sonke bese siyihlaba ngamaqembu ahlukene wemisipha, siyenze ingasebenzi ngokuphelele.

Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, udla ama-lymph isikhathi esithile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuthuthukisweni kwamaqanda. Owesifazane olungele ukuzalanisa ubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-150.

Isici esibonakalayo ukunakekelwa kwenzalo. IBetilida inakekela izibungu eziqhamuka emaqanda isikhathi esithile, zizikhonkotha ngamunye ngamunye. Izibungu ezikhulile ziququda esikhunjeni sesisulu, bese kuthi ukwanda okwengeziwe ngaphakathi komzimba wakhe okhubazekile.

I-Canine lice isinambuzane esincane kakhulu esidla ezinwele nasezikhunjeni zezinja zezinja. Ungamsindisa kanjani umngane wakho kulezi zinambuzane, funda isixhumanisi se-https: //stopvreditel.ru/parazity/zhivotnyx/vlasoed-u-sobak.html.

Umjikelezo wempilo kanye nendlela yokwenza umthelela kohlukumezekile

I-Hornet wasp iyinambuzane eyedwa, ihlelela isidleke sayo ngqo emhlabathini noma iziqu zezitshalo noma amagxolo ezihlahla. Isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe sivame ukufushane: kwabesifazane - cishe inyanga, nakwabesilisa - azikho ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10. Kwezinye izinhlobo, izibungu zingabusika emzimbeni womuntu ophathisiwe bese zidonsa kuphela entwasahlobo.

Esikhathini esiningi, abantu abadala abazondli, okusho ukuthi, abazondli kwezinye izinambuzane; kwezinye izinhlobo, umpe usebenza njengokudla. Kepha izibungu zingabhekwa njengezinambuzane eziyiqiniso, uma kunikezwa indlela ukuzala okwenzeka ngayo.

Abagibeli besifazane babeka amaqanda emizimbeni noma izibungu zezintuthwane, iminyovu, amabhungane, amacimbi, izicabucabu ngisho nawofezela, okuphakela izibungu ezihlafunwe. Ngenqubo yokuzalela amaqanda, i-parasite yabesifazane ibekwe ngaphezulu kwesisulu sayo, ifana nomgibeli wehhashi, okuyiwo owubize wonke lo mndeni igama.

Lesi sinambuzane esinama-parasite sinobuhle obumangalisayo obukuvumela ngisho nangobukhulu begxolo lesihlahla ukuzwa uma kukhona izibungu zamabhungane lapho zizalela khona amaqanda.

Ibeka amaqanda ayo emzimbeni wesisulu, izinsikazi zifaka ubuthi bokuyifaka kuwo, ziyiguqule ibe yi- “zombie”. Ngaphansi kosuku, kuyadingeka ukuthi cishe izibalo eziyishumi nambili zibambe isisulu, bese kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuze badlule kuzo zonke izigaba zentuthuko.

Kuyo yonke le nkathi, badla umzimba we- "master" yabo, ngenkathi begcina ubungqabavu bomzimba wakhe, ubulawa ukukhathala ngaphambi kokuba izibungu ziqhamuke.

Wasp umgibeli: ukuthi ukuluma kubukeka kanjani

Lesi sinambuzane sehluke ekuziphatheni okunolaka, sikhonkotha umuntu ezimweni ezihlukile ekuzivikeleni. Ungahlangana naye ezindaweni ezinomswakama - eduze nedamu, ehlathini nasebangeni. Uma kutholakala umuntu oyedwa, ungazami ukukuthatha.

Uma umgibeli ongcolile eshiya ukulunywa, ubomvu nokuvuvukala okuncane kuvela endaweni yesilonda. Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kuhambisana nokulunywa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu angadabuki, umuntu ozwelayo ubumba indawo enkulu ebomvu, ukuvuvukala okunzima nokuqina emzimbeni wonke.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-wasp iluma umuntu?

Kwezinye izimo, i-hypersensitivity bite yokulunywa yi-parp wasp eqoshiwe. Ukusabela komzimba kwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abane-immune immune. Ukuze uvikele ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic noma i-edema kaQuincke, kunconyelwa ukuhlinzeka usizo lokuqala kohlukunyezwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.

Izimpawu nemiphumela

Esikhathini esiningi, i-wasp sting ayiveli esikhunjeni. Kepha ngokugcwala okunamandla kobuthi obuthwalwa yisinambuzane ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, kuvela ubomvu obuncane. Ukulunywa nakho kungabonakala, ukuvuvukala. Umphumela oyingozi kakhulu womhlangano nomgibeli ukuhlanganisa inxeba. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angazithobela. Izimpawu zokutheleleka ziyavuvukala futhi kudabuka indawo eyisitofu, ukwakheka kwesibabule, ukuqubuka.

Uma ubomvu liphikelela emuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5, thintana nodokotela. Ukunquma ukutholakala kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo, isisulu sinikezwa isiqondisi sokukhipha esakhiweni sokulunywa, ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile kwegazi nomchamo.

Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo

Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa iminyovu, sula indawo eluma nge-antiseptic. Kulokhu, iFukortsin, iMiramistin, i-hydrogen peroxide noma utshwala (vodka) kufanelekile. Ngokuqina, ungathatha ama-analgesics nama-antispasmodics. I-anti-inflammatory iyadingeka ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-edema, ubomvu nokugqwala.

Ukusabela komzimba

Ukusabela okwenziwa yi-allergic akuvamile, ngoba lapho i-bpp eluma enomsila omude ilimaza inani elincane lobuthi, okungeyona ingozi kubantu. Kodwa kuhlale kunobungozi bokukhula i-edema noma i-urticaria enzima. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela izingane ezincane. Uma kuvela izimpawu zokungabekezeleli ubuthi, kuyaphuthuma ukuthatha ama-antihistamines (Sup Supin, Loratadin, Zodak), bese ufuna usizo lodokotela ngemuva kwalokho.

Yini abagibeli be-wasp abatholakala eRussia

I-Crabronides (iminyovu yesihlabathi)

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezishisayo, isimo sezulu saseRussia asihambelani kahle nabagibeli abaningi. Noma kunjalo, atholakala nasezindaweni ezilandelwayo zaseRussia, noma zivela kancane. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

• Ama-Mimarommatids. Iqembu eliyishumi labameleli balo lihlala ngisho naku-subantarctic. Beka amaqanda abo kumaqanda amanye ama-arthropods.
• AmaMutillids (iminyovu yaseJalimane) ihlukaniswa ukubukeka kwayo okukhangayo nombala ogqamile. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine zama-mutillides, futhi kuzo zonke izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesifazane. Ubukhulu abudluli ku-3 cm, futhi umzimba umbozwe ngezinwele ezinzima. Beka amaqanda kuma-wasps, izinyosi nezimpukane.
• Ama-Nutcrackers. Njengezihlobo, bazala izingane ezinambuzaneni. Abantu abadala badla izitshalo zayo.
• Abagibeli be-Proctotrupoid. Umuntu omdala unobukhulu bomzimba obungu-5mm. Kwezolimo, bathole ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezilwanyaneni.
• AmaCalcides. Enye yama-oda amaningi kakhulu, ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-200. Abamele bayo babaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo, ngoba babhubhisa lezo zinambuzane ezisongela aba pollinators.
• I-Evanoidoid wasps. Banesakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba. Isisu sabo siphakanyiswa esifubeni. Bashiya inzalo kwezinye izinhlobo zomhlaza, kumakhaza nasemifantu, lapho bathola khona udumo njengabavikeli behlathi.
• I-typhoid. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zitholakala eYurophu, kanti ezinye ezingama-30 eRussia nasemazweni e-CIS. Ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala awudluli ku-1 cm. Imvamisa baba nombala womzimba omnyama namaphiko ansundu. Bancamela ukubeka amaqanda kumabhungane: mabhungane obulongwe, abahlali baseMay nabanye. Icala elingajwayelekile le-Symbiosis, ngoba isisulu asifanga ngokushesha, kepha siyaqhubeka nokuhlangana nesibungu se-wasp.

Izindondo zamaJapan

Qaphela! E-United States, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ama-pompilides (iminyovu yomgwaqo), ahlala izidleke ezihlala emhlabathini, imvamisa eceleni komgwaqo. Zalela amaqanda azo ikakhulu kwizicabucabu ezinkulu. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngama-4900 zama-pompilides.

EYurophu, ama-crabronides (ama-sand wasps) ajwayelekile, angaphezulu kwezinhlobo ezingama-600, kepha cishe abeyi-8 izinkulungwane zawo atholakala emhlabeni wonke. Imvamisa benza izimbobo esihlabathini, lapho izibungu zikhula khona ezidlekeni. Ukudla (izinyosi, enye iminyovu, enye i-hymenoptera) kunikezwa kubo abantu abadala, bekhubazeka izisulu ngobuthi bazo.

Imindeni esele yabaningi babagibeli bakhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama sokushisa nokushisa komhlaba. Emahlathini angama-relict ase-Amazon, ungathola izinambuzane ezihlukile kuze kube ngu-8 cm. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube manje, ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokuthola izinhlobo ezintsha zezinambuzane, kanti inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinambuzane eliyingqayizivele liyivelakancane kangangokuba lingahlukaniswa ngokuthi lisengozini.

Ukuvimbela Ukuhlasela

Ukuvimbela okuyinhloko kokuhlaselwa umgibeli kubhekwa njengokuziphatha okucophelela ngaphandle. Ungaxhumana ne-parasite, zama ukuyibamba noma ukuyibulala. Lapho ulungiselela epikinikini noma echibini, kufanele ugqoke izingubo eziqinile ngesikhindi eside. Isikhumba sezingane selashwa kahle kakhulu ngezinto ezibuyisanayo, ezizovikela nengane ekulimaleni komiyane, kwamanye ama-wasps, midges.

Ukudlula imfucumfucu kuyizinambuzane ezingenangozi kubantu futhi ezihlasela izinambuzane kuphela. Izintokazi ezifakwayo zizingela amacimbi, izimbungulu noma enye iminyovu ukuze zibekele amaqanda kuzo. Izibungu ezincikene zinokukhanya okukhulu futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-5-6 kuphela ziyakwazi ukuqothula isisulu ngokuphelele.