Isikhonyane, ama-acridas - Izinhlobo eziningana zezinambuzane zomndeni wesikhonyane sangempela, ezikwazi ukwakha imihlambi emikhulu (kufika kumakhulu ezigidi zabantu), zihamba amabanga amade. Isici sebhayoloji yesikhonyane ukuba khona kwezigaba ezimbili - olulodwa nomhlambi, oluhlukile ku-morphology nasekuziphatheni.

Isikhonyane esikhathini esedlule sasiyisitha sobuntu Cha 1, kepha abantu banamuhla abakezwa okuningi ngakho. Okwamanje, kuchazwa nge-papyrus yasendulo yaseGibhithe, ibhayibheli, iKoran, imisebenzi ye-Middle Ages, nenganekwane yekhulu le-XIX. Isikhathi sokufunda kabanzi ngesinambuzane, igama lakhe emakhulwini eminyaka adlule kwakuwumuntu okwenzeka ngenhlekelele kubantu.

Habitat

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhonyane zizivumelanise nokuphila ezindaweni ezithile. Kwavela eRussia kudala, kwesinye isikhathi kubhubhisa wonke amasimu. Okuvame kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu.

Kwenzeka e-Afrika, kufinyelele eYurophu, kuhlala ogwadule lwaseSahara kanye nama-steppes aseKazakhstan. Akesabi iSiberia ebandayo, isimo sezulu esinomswakama saseNew Zealand. Izindawo ezihlala khona zivame ukuba ngama-steppes afudumele. Akayithandi i-Arctic nhlobo.

Incazelo

Ubungako besikhonyane buqala ku-3 kuya ku-7 cm. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Umzimba u-oblong, u-elytra oqinile kanye namaphiko ahamba ngamandla afakwe kuwo, ahlala engabonakali lapho eligoqiwe.

Umbala uhluka kakhulu futhi kuya ngeminyaka, izimo nendlela yokuphila eholwa yisikhonyane:

• Ngisho nabantu abavela ku-oviposition efanayo bangahluka ngemibala.
• Ukubukeka kwesikhonyane kunqunywa yisigaba sokukhula kwayo.
• Emgqeni wase-Yurobhu, abantu bebodwa banombala ophuzi kakhulu, isitini, luhlaza okotshani, omnqumo ngombala onsundu, okusiza ukuzifihla ngokwasemuva kohlaza oluzungezile.
• Lapho umuntu esegugile, iba mnyama umbala wayo.
• Uma isikhonyane sijoyine iphakethe, sithola umbala ofanayo nowalo lonke iqembu.

Ikhanda elikhulu alisihambisi kakhulu. Amehlo amakhulu amise okotshani kanye noxande, ocishe abe yisikwele sesikhonyane anikeze lesi sinambuzane ukubukeka okuhle. I-gnawing ngomlomo imishini imelelwa ngemihlathi enamandla esiza ekugedleni ngisho neziqu ezikhulu kakhulu neziqina kakhulu. Ngama-mandibles angenhla, izinambuzane zibopha amaqabunga, bese kuphela ziwephula zisebenzisa ama-mandibles aphansi.

Isici esiyingqayizivele sesikhonyane esiqhamuka ezihlotsheni zazo eziseduzane: amakhethini nezintethe kuyinto amadevu amafushane, ubude bawo abudluli isigamu somzimba.

Imilenze yangasemuva yombala opinki ithuthuke kahle, okuvumela isikhonyane ukuthi sifinyelele ebangeni eliphindwe izikhathi ezingama-20. Akuzenzekeli ukuthi izinambuzane zinikezwe amandla okugxuma. Esigabeni sama-larva namanje abazi ukuthi bangandiza kanjani futhi amakhono abo ezimoto ancishisiwe ngokukhasa nokugxuma. Ezinye izinhlobo zingenawo umsebenzi wokundiza lapho usumdala.

Ukuphila kwesikhonyane kungakanani ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo. Izinkathi zemvula zivusa ukukhula kwezifo zokukhunta zezitshalo, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwesinambuzane nokufa kwaso. Izitha zemvelo: iminyovu yasendle, izimbungulu, izinyoni nazo zingafushanisa isikhathi sokuphila kwazo. Umuntu futhi wenza umnikelo wakhe, ebulala izinambuzane. Uma isikhonyane sisesimweni esifanele futhi singazange sibe yisisulu somuntu, singaphila kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuye eminyakeni emi-2, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane.

Zonke izinhlobo zesikhonyane zikhipha “ukucula” okubonakalayo. Lolu hlobo “lokucula” kwezinambuzane kubantu abaningi luveza isithombe sendabuko eligelezayo ngosuku olushisayo lwasehlobo. Uhlelo lomsindo wesikhonyane lusezinkalweni zemilenze yangasemuva nase-elytra. Ngaphezulu kwangaphakathi kwethanga, ama-tubercles welula, futhi elinye lamathambo elytra likhulu kunamanye. Isikhonyane senza imisindo, sihambisa okhalweni saso masinyane, kanti amashubhu athinta umthambo. Njengoba amashubhu engalingani, imiphumela yejerky iright. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zesikhonyane, owesilisa nowesilisa chirp.

Ngabe kudlani isikhonyane?

Isikhonyane sivame ukuhlala emaqabungeni nasezimbali zezitshalo eziluhlaza. Baququda amaqabunga ngama-mandibles aqinile aphezulu, futhi bawagaye ngezinsimbi ezincane nezincane.

Njengoba izinkumbi zihamba ziya ngapha nangapha, izinambuzane zivame ukuhlala enkabeni yeqabunga, ohlangothini lwayo olude, futhi liququde iqabunga ukusuka emaphethelweni kuya kolunye. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela zesikhonyane zangempela ezondla kuphela otshanini. Ukudla kwezinhlobo eziningi zesikhonyane ngamaqabunga ama-perennials, izihlahlana nezihlahla. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkumbi zingadla ngisho nezitshalo ezinobuthi ezingadliwa ezinye izinambuzane nezilwane.

Igxile emizimbeni yabo, ubuthi buhlinzeka izinambuzane ngokuvikelwa ezitheni, ngoba zona ngokwazo zinobuthi. Isikhonyane esinjalo sinombala ogqamile, oxwayisa ngokungafinyeleleki kwawo.

Umjikelezo wempilo nokuzala

Abaningi banesifiso sokuthi kuqhamukaphi inani elikhulu lesikhonyane esiluhlaza. Insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda amaningi, kuzovela izibungu eziningi. Ukuzala kwayo nokuphila kwayo akujwayelekile, njengoba kunjalo ngezigaba zokuthuthuka kwesikhonyane, okuyinto efanele ukuqashelwa encazelweni.

Endaweni yokuhlala yodwa, ukungcola okuluhlaza akusebenzi. Akunangozi. Ekwindla ubeka amaqanda emgodini okhethekile emhlabathini. Ebusika, asemhlabathini, futhi entwasahlobo abantu abasha abamhlophe bavela.

Izibungu ezingcolile zidinga ukudla, ngakho-ke ziqala ukudla kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo, kwenzeka izinguquko: ziphenduka abantu abadala, ziguqule umbala.

Silindele unyaka owomile, ompofu ekudleni, izinguquko ziyenzeka ekukhiqizweni kowesifazane. Amaqanda abekwe enkuni ekuqaleni ahlelelwe ukusesha ukudla ngezimo zasekamu. Abadala abadala bakha imihlambi, izibungu zihlangana emahlombe amaningi.

Inika amandla isigaba sokuzalela zokuzalela. Owesilisa udonsela abesifazane emphakathini wakhe, athumele i-hormone ekhethekile. Ngokushesha nje lapho isondela intokazi, igxumela kuye emuva futhi inamathele kakhulu. Phansi komasoni kukhiqiza i-spermatophore. Ngakho-ke kuqala ukuzalaniswa kwesikhonyane.

Isinambuzane sidlulela ezigabeni ezigunyaziwe zentuthuko. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda, alungisa amaphilisi weqanda ngaphambi kokulungiselela. Ekhotheni eyodwa kukhona amaqanda afinyelela ku-100. Ababeki iqhwa ebusika, ngoba lesi sinambuzane siyamboza ukuze sigcinwe ngoketshezi olukhethekile olugwebu. Entwasahlobo, kuvela izibungu eqandeni ngalinye elibekwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuyaqhubeka kakhulu. Ngemuva kwenyanga, umuntu owakheka njenge-imago wakhiwa ongenamaphiko. Ngenyanga nesigamu, izibungu zavela izikhathi ezi-5 zaze zaguquka zaba yisikhonyane esidala. Ngezinyanga zasehlobo, izizukulwane ezintathu zezilwane ezincane zinganikela.

Izinzuzo nokulimala kwesikhonyane

Umonakalo omkhulu odalwa yizixuku zesikhonyane, zichitha amasimu kanye namahlathi. Kodwa-ke, umuntu ojwayelekile ongakhathaleli ukulondolozwa kwezilimo unesifiso esikhulu empendulweni yombuzo wokuthi ingabe ukulunywa yisikhonyane. Lesi sinambuzane sidla kuphela izitshalo zokudla futhi asilimazi umuntu, ngokungafani nhlobo notshani.

Awukho umbuzo ophansi oshisa phansi wokuthi ngabe kudliwe isikhonyane. Izinambuzane ze-Orthoptera zivame kakhulu ngemuva kwezintuthwane. Emazweni ase-Afrika, kuthosiwe, kuxutshwe namakhekhe. Abesifazane abangama-Arabhu emakhulukhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule babekwazi ukupheka izitsha zesikhonyane ezingama-2. Amaresiphi alahlekelwe ukuhambelana kwawo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezithako.

ECalifornia, imikhosi yayiqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwesikhonyane. Izinambuzane ezi-coned zazigcwele emanzini ama-marinade, bese zilungiswa amasobho AmaJapan akhiwa ngo-soya usoso futhi othosiwe. Ngamafuphi, kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zokwenza isikhonyane, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu ongakwazisa ukunambitheka kwawo, hhayi kakhulu ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki, kodwa ngenxa yokunyanyeka.

Imicimbi ye-Agrotechnical

Njengendlela ye-prophylactic yokulawulwa kwesikhonyane (ezindaweni lapho kunamathuba amaningi okuhlasela okukhulu kwezinambuzane eziyingozi), kuyadingeka ukuwulima ngokuphelele futhi ujulise (ukulima) umhlabathi, obhubhisa amaphilisi weqanda.

Entwasahlobo kunconyelwa ukwenza ukukhukhumala okujulile komhlaba, okubhubhisa ukwakhiwa, okwakhiwa ngemuva kokulima.

Izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula

Ukuvikela ngempumelelo ama-plantings ngokudla okungakaze kubonwe kanye nesikhonyane esiningi kungenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali zokuvikela izitshalo.

Ngokugcwala kwenqwaba yemibungu yesikhonyane endaweni eyodwa, faka izibulala zinambuzane isikhathi sezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. Ukuqeda nokubhubhisa izinambuzane, zithatha izidakamizwa ezinjenge- "Karate", "Confidor", "Image", kepha kungenzeka ukuthi zisebenzise ngempumelelo ubuthi ukulwa nalu bhungane wamazambane waseColorado.

Umphumela omuhle ukhonjiswa uhlelo lokulungiselela i-Klotiamet VDG, olunikeza ukuvikeleka okuthembekile ekuthini isikhonyane amaviki amathathu. Ubuthi lobu bulungile ngoba bungasetshenziswa ngempumelelo engxenyeni yethangi namanye umanyolo we-micronutrient, imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, kanye nezivuseleli zezitshalo, kepha okokuqala kufanele wenze isivivinyo sokuhambisana namanye amakhemikhali.

Ukubhubhisa ngempumelelo izinkumbi (zombungu izibungu nezinambuzane ezindala) amalungiselelo anje ngeGladiator neDamilin. Isinambuzane i- “Damilin” sinomphumela ongemuhle kuzibungu, sinciphise ukukhula kwawo futhi siphazamise ukwakheka kolwelwesi lwesitho sethambo somzimba, ngenxa yalokho izinambuzane ziyafa. Ukuhlanganisa umuthi omkhulu ubuthi bawo obuphansi.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

1. Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kokuhlaselwa kwesikhonyane eRussia kubuya emuva ku-1008, okwaholela endlala. Lokhu kuhlasela kwaphindwa ngonyaka we-1094, 1095, 1103 kanye no-1195. Ububi obufanayo babuye babuyiselwa kuma-XVI - ama-XVII eminyaka. Ngo-1824, ukuhlaselwa kwesikhonyane kwabonwa eningizimu ye-Ukraine yesimanje, ezifundazweni zaseKherson, eYekaterinoslav naseTauride, kwathi u-A.S. Pushkin waphakanyiselwa ukulwa nayo. Wenza umbiko omfushane:

Meyi 25 - Sat, sat

Meyi 26 - ngidle konke

Meyi 27 - balekela futhi.

1. Ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwesikhonyane emlandweni wesintu kwenzeka e-United States ngonyaka we-1875. Umhlambi wesikhonyane ovela esifundazweni saseTexas usakazekele entshonalanga, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhashana, usenze incithakalo enkulu, wanyamalala kungazelelwe njengoba kwavela.
2. Njengamanje, izindawo ezinkulu zezilimo kuwo wonke uMhlaba zinokuhlaselwa yisikhonyane, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika.
3. Isikhonyane sitholakala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu.
4. Ubude bomzimba wesikhonyane busuka ku-1 cm wezinkumbi ezifudukayo buye ku-6 cm wezinkumbi ezifudukayo. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangafika ku-20 cm ubude.
5. Isikhonyane sehluke kunotshani nakukhuphuka ngobude bezimpondo zazo: zimfishane.
6. Nsuku zonke, isikhonyane esisodwa sidla inani lokudla kwezitshalo okulingana nesisindo salo.
7. Kunenqwaba yesikhonyane, isibalo sabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane. Bakha “amafu andizayo” noma “amafu”, indawo engafinyelela ku-1000 km 2.
8. Lapho izimpiko zezinkumbi zihlaselana, kuzwakala umsindo ohelezayo. Umsindo okhiqizwa umhlambi wezinambuzane eziyisigidi ungaba nephutha ngokuduma kwezulu.
9. Ukukhishwa kwesikhonyane somsindo kwenziwa ngokuxhamazela komlenze wangemuva onamashubhu akhethekile mayelana ne-elytra.
10. Isikhonyane siphila kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuya kwengu-2.

Isikhonyane saseMorocco

Isinambuzane sincane, ubude bomzimba kuyaqabukela budlula i-2 cm. Umbala wabantu abadala unombala onsomi obomvu, onamabala amancane amnyama asabalale umzimba wonke kanye nephethini elingajwayelekile elimise okomfanekiso obomvana ngemuva. Izandla zomlenze wesibhakabhaka ziphuzi noma ziphuzi okhalweni futhi zibomvu emilenzeni engezansi. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, isikhonyane saseMoroccan senza umonakalo omkhulu emasimini nasezivuneni zezitshalo ezitshaliwe, sihlangana izixuku eziningi futhi sicekela phansi konke okukhula emhlabathini okusendleleni yaso. Lolu hlobo lwesikhonyane luhlala e-Afrika, e-Asia Ephakathi nase-Algeria, eGibhithe eli-sultry, eLibya neMorocco. Kutholakala emazweni aseYurophu, ngokwesibonelo, eFrance, ePortugal, eSpain, e-Italiya nakumaBalkan.

Isikhonyane Esifudukayo (Eshiya)

Isinambuzane esikhulu esikhulu: ubude bomzimba wesilisa ovuthiwe ngokobulili busuka ku-3,5 kuya ku-5 cm, kwabesifazane buqhamuka ku-6 cm. Umbala wesikhonyane sase-Asia uhluka ngemibala eminingana: kukhona abantu obuluhlaza obukhanyayo, obomvana, luhlaza okotshani noma obumpunga. Izimpiko zicishe zingabi nemibala, ngaphandle komthunzi oshunqayo oshunqisiwe kanye nemithambo emihle kakhulu yethoni emnyama. Izinkalo zezinyawo ezingemuva ziyinsundu emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imilenze ingahle ibe beige, ibomvu noma iphuzi. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwesikhonyane ihlanganisa yonke indawo yase-Europe, i-Asia Minor, amazwe aseNyakatho Afrika, izifunda zaseNyakatho China naseKorea. Isikhonyane sase-Asia sihlala naseningizimu yeRussia, etholakala eCaucasus, ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseKazakhstan, eningizimu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga.

Isikhonyane sogwadule

Isinambuzane sikhulu ngokwanele - izinsikazi zifinyelela usayizi ongu-8 cm, abesilisa bancanyana - 6 cm ubude. Umbala wesikhonyane sogwadule ungcolile ophuzi, amaphiko ansundu, anemithambo eminingi. Izandla zomsuka ziphuzi ngokugqamile. Le nhlobo yesikhonyane ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo ezishisayo: etholakala eNyakatho Afrika, ePhalamende lase-Arabia, esifundeni saseHindustan nasezifundeni zomngcele weSahara.

Isikhonyane sase-Italy noma i-Italian Prus

Umzimba wesikhonyane esidala salolu hlobo ungusayizi ophakathi: kowesilisa, ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka ukusuka ku-1,4 kuye ku-2.8 cm, izinsikazi zingafinyelela ku-4 cm ubude. Izimpiko zinamandla, zithuthukiswe kakhulu, zinemisinga ekhephukile. Umbala wabantu ngamunye uhlanganisa imibala: izitini zibomvu, nsundu, nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi amathoni apinki aphakamile ngombala. Imvamisa, ngokumelene nesizinda esiyinhloko, imichilo emide egqamile kanye namabala amhlophe kuyavezwa. Izimpiko zangemuva nezintambo zezandla ezingemuva kupende, imilenze ephansi ibomvu noma imhlophe, imivimbo eguqukayo imnyama noma nsundu. Indawo yezikhonyane zase-Italy ihlanganisa cishe yonke indawo yaseMedithera kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yendawo yaseNtshonalanga Asia. I-Italian Prus ihlala enkabeni yeYurophu kanye neNtshonalanga yeSiberia, ihlala e-Altai, Iran nase-Afghanistan.

Isikhonyane se-rainbow

Uhlobo lwesikhonyane oluhlala endaweni yesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Umbala omangalisa ngokwedlulele futhi onobuthi obuningi, uthingo lwesikhukhukazi lufinyelela kubukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi 7. Umzimba wonke wesinambuzane ucwazimula ngemibala ehlukahlukene - kusuka ophuzi okhanyayo onsomi, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu, futhi ugcwele ubuthi. Akhiqizwa ngenxa yokuthi isikhonyane sidla kuphela izitshalo ezinobuthi. Imvamisa izixuku ezinkulu zale nhlobo yesikhonyane zitholakala emaqabungeni esihlahla noma emithangeni ye-milkweed, ujusi wazo oyintandokazi yesikhonyane sombethe.

Isihlanya saseSiberia

Izinambuzane zinsundu-nsundu, umnqumo noma luhlaza grey. Ubukhulu besifazane esikhulile abudluli ku-2,5 cm, abesilisa abakavami ukuba likhulu kuno-2.3 cm. Indawo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu: I-filion yaseSiberia ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Central Asia naseCaucasus, etholakala eMongolia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, izizwa inethezekile Izifunda ezisenyakatho neRussia, ikakhulukazi, eSiberia nasenyakatho yeKazakhstan. Isinambuzane sibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezitshalo zezilimo zokusanhlamvu, amadlelo kanye ne-hayfields.

Ihlazo laseGibhithe

Enye yezinhlobo ezinkulu zesikhonyane ezihlala eYurophu.Abesifazane bakhula babe ngu-6.5-7 cm ubude, osayizi besilisa ngandlela-thile abanesizotha - 30-55 mm. Umbala wesinambuzane ungaba mpunga, onsundu okhanyayo noma omnqumo oluhlaza okotshani. Imilenze yangemuva inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi okhalweni kukhona i-orange ekhanyayo enamaki amnyama ahlukile. Emehlweni ansundu waseGibhithe kuhlale kuthiwa imivimbo emnyama nomhlophe. Lenhlobo yesikhonyane ihlala eMiddle East, emazweni ase-Europe, eNyakatho Afrika.

Umbala onamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Isikhonyane sobukhulu obuphakathi: ubude besifazane sowesilisa bungama-2.2-2.8 cm, owesilisa ancanyana kancane - 1.5-2.1 cm ubude. Izimpiko ezingcolile zibukeka kahle kakhulu - zibhakabhaka ezikhanyayo ezansi, zingabi namabala zibhekise esicelweni. Phezu kwamaphiko amahle kunephethini elihle eliqukethe imivimbo emihle kakhulu yemisebe emnyama. Imilenze yangemuva yezandla ezingemuva inemibala emibalabala, embozwe ngemikhanyo ekhanyayo. Le filimu enamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isasazeke esifundeni esise-steppe nasehlathini esise-Asia, esihlala eCaucasus naseCentral Asia, sitholakala eNtshonalanga Siberia nase China.

Isikhonyane - incazelo yezinambuzane

Isikhonyane sinomzimba ophakeme kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-20 cm ubude ngemilenze yangemuva egogelwe “emadolweni”, ubukhulu obedlula osayizi baphakathi nangaphambili. Ama-elytra amabili alukhuni amboza amaphiko e-translucent, okunzima ukuwaqaphela lapho eligoqiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi zimbozwa ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene. Isikhonyane sinezimpondo ezimfushane kunezikebhe noma izintethe. Ikhanda likhulu, linamehlo amakhulu. Umsindo wesikhonyane wenziwa ngokulandelayo: abesilisa banezinkomba ezikhethekile ezibekwe phezu kwamathanga, kanye nobukhulu obukhethekile ku-elytra. Lapho uzihlikihla komunye nomunye, kuzwakala ukukhala okuthile, okunamandla ahlukile.

Umbala wesikhonyane Akuncike kuzakhi zofuzo, kepha imvelo. Ngisho nabantu abavela enzalweni efanayo abakhuliswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile bayohluka ngemibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wesembozo sokuvikela lesi sinambuzane kuncike esigabeni sokukhula kwawo. Isibonelo, esigabeni esisodwa sokuphila, isikhonyane sendoda noma sowesifazane singaba nombala okhanyayo oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, ompunga noma onsundu kanye nokuhlukahluka kobulili. Lapho kudluliselwa esigabeni sezomhlambi, umbala uyafana kuwo wonke umuntu, bese kuthi ukwehlukaniswa kocansi kube sekubonisiwe. Izinkumbi zindiza kakhulu: lapho ukundiza, umhlambi wesikhonyane ungamboza amabanga angafika ku-120 km ngosuku olulodwa.

Kuhlala kuphi isikhonyane?

Abamele lezi zinambuzane bangatholakala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi lomhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Isikhonyane sihlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu, esukela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezisabisayo, futhi siphela ngobukhulu beNtshonalanga yeSiberia.

Ezinye izinhlobo zesikhonyane zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezimbozwe ngotshani obuminyene eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezindawo eziwugwadule phakathi kwababeki ngamatshe abagqunywe izihlahla notshani obungandile.

Isikhonyane: izigaba zokuzalela nokuthuthuka

Kunezigaba ezi-3 zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhonyane - iqanda, izibungu, umuntu omdala. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, ukuzalaniswa kwesikhonyane kwenzeka unyaka wonke, nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile kuphela ehlobo. Ekwindla, isikhonyane sowesifazane sifaka amaqanda eqandeni elivikelayo (ama-sac) emaqabungeni ezihlahla eziwile noma ngqo emhlabathini. Amaqanda afinyelela ku-115 angaba esikhwameni esisodwa, kanti inani lamaphilisi amaqanda nge-1 m 2 ngesinye isikhathi lidlula izingcezu ezingama-2000. Ngemuva kokuthi ukwenziwa kobumbano kwenziwe, abazali bayafa. Amaqanda agqagqene ukuqhuma, kuqhamuke izibungu zesikhonyane ezivela kubo, zifane nabantu abadala, kepha zingenamaphiko. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhonyane kuqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinsukwini ezingama-40 nje, ngemuva kokudlula imoyilo eminingana, izibungu zesikhonyane ziba yisidalwa esidala esinamaphiko futhi sezikwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngezinsuku eziyi-14-16 kuphela futhi kuhamba ngaphandle kwekhefu ebusika.