EMpumalanga Afrika, imifino yamakhorali inothile (cishe izinhlobo ezingama-400 ezaziwayo). Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400 zama-echinoderms nezinhlobo ezingama-500 zama-bryozoans zivamile lapho. Izilwane zasolwandle zasolwandle azihlukani kangako emanzini osogwini lwe-Atlantic, ziyahlukahluka ngokwengeziwe esifundeni esishisayo esentshonalanga yoLwandle i-Indian Ocean (izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-3000 zama-mastusks ama-gastropod). Izinhlobo ezinkulu zemollusks zamanzi ahlanzekile zingatholakala kumachibi ase-East Africa.

Izilwane zomhlaba wezwekazi lase-Afrika

Isimo sezulu sase-Afrika, esisendaweni ekhanya kakhulu futhi sicindezelwe yimisebe yelanga ebabazekayo, sihle kakhulu ekuhlaleni ezinsimini zazo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Kungakho izidalwa zezwekazi zicebile impela, futhi ngezilwane zase-Afrika kunezinganekwane eziningi ezinhle nezindaba ezimangazayo. Futhi imisebenzi yabantu kuphela, engenawo umthelela omuhle ekushintsheni kwemvelo, inomthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezidalwa eziphilayo nokuncipha kwenani labantu bayo, ngenkathi ilimaza indalo engenakulungiseka.

Noma kunjalo, ukuze ilondoloze ngendlela yayo eyingqayizivele izilwanyana zase-Afrika Muva nje, kudalwe indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo, izindawo zokuhlala zasendle, amapaki ezemvelo kanye nezwe, okuheha izivakashi eziningi ithuba lokuthola ulwazi ngezilwane ezicebile zasolwandle futhi zizifundele umhlaba ohlukile wezemvelo ezishisayo nezimfushane.

Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke kudala behlatshwa umxhwele yilezi zinhlobo zokuphila ezimangalisayo, okwakuyisihloko sezifundo eziningi zesayensi futhi esigcwele amaqiniso amnandi yemibiko mayelana Izilwane zase-Afrika.

Ukuqala indaba ephathelene nezilwane zaleli lizwekazi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukushisa nomswakama kule ndima enkulu eseduze kwekhweyitha kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani.

Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokusungulwa kwezindawo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:

• i-evergreen, ihlathi eline-umswakama elinothile,
• ihlathi elingafinyeleleki,
• ama-savannah amakhulu namahlathi, ahlala cishe isigamu sendawo yonke yezwekazi lonke.

Izici ezinjalo zemvelo ngokungangabazeki zishiya uphawu lwazo ngokuhlukahluka kanye nezici ezihlukile zohlobo lwalelizwekazi.

Futhi yonke imikhakha yesimo sezulu ebhalwe phansi, futhi ngisho nokushisa okuwugwadule nokuphefumula okungekho emhlane, kuyagcwaliswa futhi kugcwele izinto eziphilayo. Nawa nje abanye babameli abaziwayo kakhulu bezilwane zezwe elibusisiwe nelishisayo, izilwane zasendle zase-Afrika.

Inkosi yezilwane ibekwe ngokufanele phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu ezakha izwekazi. Indawo enhle futhi ethandekayo yalesi silwane esisemhlabeni enobukhulu obukhulu, omzimba wayo kwesinye isikhathi ufinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-227, ziyizigaxa eziheha lezi zidalwa ezinamabala anemvelo evulekile, ezidingekayo ngenkululeko yokuhamba, ukuba khona kwezindawo zokuphuza namathuba amahle okuzingela okuphumelelayo.

Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zabantu abangahlali lapha zihlala lapha. Izilwane zase-Afrika - izisulu ezivame ukuvela kulo mnikazi ononya. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuqothuka ngokweqile kwamabhubesi eNingizimu Afrika, eLibya naseGibhithe, izidalwa ezinothando nenkululeko ezinamandla ngokwazo zaba izisulu zokulutha nokungaphathwa kabi, futhi namuhla zitholakala ikakhulu eCentral Africa.

I-Hyena

Isilwane esinyisayo esifinyelela kumitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude, okuhlala kulo umfudlana kanye namahlathi. Ngokubukeka, lezi zilwane zibukeka njengezinja ezihlakazekile ze-angular.

I-Hyena ingemkhakha wezilwane ezidla ezinye, idla u-carrion futhi ihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo ebusuku. Umbala wesilwane ungaba bomvu noma uphuzi mnyama ngamabala noma imichilo eguqukayo ezinhlangothini.

UJackal

Lesi isihlobo sezimpisi ezimpunga, ezinokufana nazo zodwa, kodwa zincane. Ihlala ikakhulukazi enyakatho ye-Afrika, isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinkudlwana, futhi isibalo esikhulu sezimpungushe asisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Idla ukudla kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi okungathandeki, nazo izinambuzane nezithelo ezahlukahlukene kufakiwe ekudleni.

Indlovu edumile yase-Afrika ingumhlali, futhi imude ngamakhilomitha amaningi, isifudumezi, futhi inothile obuluhlaza bezitshalo zasehlathini.

Ukuphakama kwalawa abalulekile ngokwemigomo yezomnotho, yonke eyaziwa ngemvelo yayo enokuthula nobukhulu obukhulu, izilwane zingamamitha amane.

Futhi isisindo esitholwa ngumzimba waso omangazayo silinganiselwa kumathani ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu. Ngokumangazayo, ngokuhlukahluka kwazo, izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuhamba emahlathini obuluhlaza bezitshalo obukhulu cishe buthule.

Ekhombisa indlovu yase-Afrika

Ubhejane omhlophe

Isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ngemuva kwezindlovu ezihlala ezi-expanses zase-Afrika. Inesisindo somzimba esingamathani amathathu.

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, umbala walesi silwane awumhlophe ngokuphelele, futhi umucu wesikhumba saso sincike ohlotsheni lomhlabathi wendawo lapho uhlala khona, futhi ungaba mnyama, ubomvu futhi ube lula. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlangana ne-herbivores enjalo kuma-expanses of shrouds emahlathini obhasi.

Ubhejane omhlophe

Ubhejane omnyama

Lesi isilwane esinamandla futhi esikhulu, kepha ubunzima baso ngokuvamile abudluli amathani amabili. Umhlobiso ongathandabuzekiyo wezidalwa ezinjalo zimbili, kanti kwezinye izimo zinezimpondo ezintathu noma ezinhlanu.

Izindebe ezingaphezulu zobhejane zibukeka njenge-proboscis futhi zilenga ngaphezulu, okwenza inqubo yokukha amaqabunga emagatsheni ezitshalo ezingama-shrubber ilula kakhulu.

Esithombeni ubhejane omnyama

Ingwe

Ngokungajwayelekile ebuhleni bayo, obuhle obunomusa omkhulu wekati, obuvame ukutholakala cishe kulo lonke izwekazi, kufaka phakathi, nensimu enamanzi yogwadule lwaseSahara oludumile, olukhanyiswa imisebe yelanga eshisayo.

Imibala Umbala obukhulu obunjalo Izilwane zase-Afrika, abahlaseli ngemvelo yayo, iyathandeka ngokumangazayo: amabala amnyama acacile asakazeke ngokuphelele phezu kwesizinda esiphuzi esijwayelekile, sobabili esiqinile futhi esikhumbuza ukwakheka kwendandatho.

Ingulule

Abamele abanjalo bomndeni wekati nabo bajabule ngomusa onobudlova, kepha bahluke ezihlotsheni zabo ngezindlela eziningi, banokufana okuphambili nenja ye-greyhound futhi, njengaye, baguqulwa ukuze bagijime ngokushesha.

Amakati: Zitholakala ezihlahleni nasezinkangala, ziyizidlakudla ezingavamile, zivame ukuhamba zizingele ntambama.

Indlulamithi

Isilwane, esidume ngobude bentamo yaso, singokuhleleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-artiodactyl. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka emhlabathini kungafinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-6, okusiza kakhulu lezi zidalwa ezine-herbivorous ukukha amaqabunga nezithelo ezihlahleni ezinde.

Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nemibala yendlulamithi ehlukahlukene kakhulu, ekhonjwe ngabachwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ezikwazi ukuzimiselana. Ososayensi bade baphikise ngokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola okungenani izilwane ezimbalwa ezinde ezinde ezinomthunzi ofanayo womzimba.

I-Zebras

Izidalwa zihlobene nemibandela ngokubhaliselwe kwe-equidae. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zamadube zingahlala, zombili ezindaweni zezintaba, ngakho-ke ogwadule nasemathafeni.

Zaziwa yonke indawo ngemibala yazo enemigqa, lapho imibala emnyama nomhlophe ihlangana khona, futhi umuntu ngamunye ungumnikazi wephethini ngayinye. Lokhu umbala ongemuva kwemvelo kudida izitha futhi uyakwazi ukuvikela nasezinambuzaneni ezinyanyisayo.

Buffalo

Imihlambi emikhulu yalezi zilwane ezihlaba umxhwele enezimpondo ezinkulu izulazula emaxhaphozini, ihlala ikakhulu eningizimu yehlane laseSahara. Lawa angabaphikisi abanamandla bezitha zabo, iqembu elikwazi ukuhlasela ngisho namabhubesi, kepha lidla ngotshani nangamaqabunga ezitshalo.

Ama-Buffaloes ancintisana ngejubane nemoto, kanti isikhumba esikhulu salezi zidalwa sizivumela ukuba zicashe endle enameva, lapho kungezona zonke izilwane ezilangazelayo ukuzulazula.

Inyathi yase-Afrika

I-Antelope

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezidalwa ezinophondo ezinjenge-artiodactyl zinobukhulu obucashile ngokuphelele futhi ziqala ngezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.

Bazijwayezela ogwadule oluwomile, izintaba ezingenamkhawulo, bazulazula emahlathini nezihlahlana ezihlahleni zamakhasi. Ama-anelope ayizihlobo zezinkunzi futhi adla ngezitshalo.

Gazelle

Izilwane ezinobunono ezi-artiodactyl ezinobukhulu obuncane ezinezimpondo ezithobekile ezimile okomuntu ongowe-antelope subfamily. Banombala onsundu noma onsundu ngombala obomvu kanye nesisu esimhlophe, bayakwazi ukunqoba izithiyo eziphakeme, futhi ubude bokugxuma kwabo kungaba ngamamitha ayisikhombisa.

Lemurs

Izidalwa ezinobusi obukhulu bemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu nomsila omude we-fluffy, kufanele zibe sesigaba izilwane ezithokozisayo zase-Afrika.

Banobuso be-fox nezindandatho kuyo yonke iminwe, kuthi omunye wabo, obizwa ngendlu yangasese, asetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa nokuzilolonga. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwezinhlobo eziningi zama-lemurs, agcina kwiNcwadi ebomvu.

Kuma-lemurs yesithombe

Baboon

Okumaphakathi kusuka kuhlobo lwemfene, ngobude bomzimba obungu-75 cm nomsila omkhulu. Imvamisa, izilwane ezinjalo ziphuzi ngombala, zitholakala emahlathini aseningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, futhi zivame ezindaweni ezivulekile zalezi zindawo.

AmaBhokobhoko aphethwe ngamaqembu lapho umholi, njengomthetho, enolaka olukhulu kangangokuba uyakwazi ukubamba impi nengwe.

Baboon

Uhlala eNingizimu Afrika. Ine-muzzle ende efana nenja, imbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, inemifino emangalisa, imihlathi enamandla, umsila ogobile futhi okhombe.

Ukubonakala kwabesilisa kuhlotshiswe nge-mane emhlophe enkulu. Izitha zabo eziyinhloko izingwenya, izimfene, izingwe namabhubesi, okuyinto imfene ekwazi ukuphindisela ngamangwane ayo abukhali.

Esithombeni imfene

Gorilla

Primate abahlala endle emahlathini ezwekazi elishisayo. Ama-gorilla abhekwa njengama-anthropoids amakhulu kunawo wonke. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bufana nokukhula komuntu omude, kwezinye izikhathi ukusondela kumamitha amabili, futhi isisindo somzimba wabo omkhulu kulinganiselwa kuma-250 kg.

Kepha izintokazi zincanyana futhi zilula kakhulu. Amahlombe we-gorilla abanzi, ikhanda likhulu, izingalo zikhulu ngosayizi wezandla ezinamandla, ubuso bumnyama.

Chimpanzee

Inkawu enomuntu, evame engxenyeni enabile yezwekazi, itholakala ezintabeni nasezimvini zamahlathi ezindawo ezishisayo. Ubude bomzimba cishe amamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Izandla zabo zinde kakhulu kunemilenze yabo, izindlebe zabo zicishe zibe zezomuntu, izinwele zabo zimnyama, isikhumba sabo esinyene.

Monkey chimpanzee

Monkey

Ungumnikazi wososayensi ngezinsimbi eziphakeme futhi unosayizi omncane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu zinomsila, kepha kungahle kungabikho. Ijazi labo lide futhi liwugqinsi. Umbala woboya uhlukile: kusuka kokumhlophe-ophuzi nohlaza okotshani, kuya komnyama. Izinkawu zihlala ehlathini, ezixhaphozini, nasezintabeni nasezintabeni.

Okapi

Izilwane ezinkulu ze-artiodactyl ezinkulu ezinesisindo esingama-250 kg. Ama-Okapi ayizihlobo zezindlulamthi, ezazo Izilwane zasehlathini zase-Afrika futhi udle izithelo, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezikhula ethangeni lemvelo eshisayo.

Baqale ukutholakala eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule ngumhambi odumile uStanley emahlathini ezintombi eduze komfula iCongo. Intamo yalezi zilwane, ngokungafani nemindlulamithi, ilingana impela ngobude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinezindlebe ezinkulu, eziphawuleka ngamehlo azo anwebekayo nomsila ononhlaka.

Isilwane okapi

UDuiker

Isilwane singokwalabo abangaphansi kwezintuthwane. Lezi izidalwa ezinamasayizi amancane kakhulu, zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi anzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Abadukeli banobuqili futhi banamahloni.

Futhi igama labo ekuhumusheni lisho "i-diver". Izilwane zithole isidlaliso esinjalo ngekhono lazo lokubalekela esifubeni semizimba ehlukahlukene yamanzi, zibaleka ngejubane lombani, nazo zisheshe zinyamalale zingene emahlathini noma ehlathini.

I-Antelope duker

Ingwenya

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi, ezivame ukutholakala emifuleni eminingi yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Lezi yizilwane zasendulo kakhulu ukuthi zibhekwa njengezihlobo zama-dinosaurs, aqothulwe ebusweni bomhlaba wethu. Ukuvela kwezinto ezihuquzelayo ezinjalo ezivumelaniswe nempilo yezidumbu zamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engaphansi komhlaba kufinyelela ezigidini zeminyaka.

Okwamanje, izidalwa ezinje azikashintshi kakhulu ngaphandle, okuchazwa yindawo yazo ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu siye sashintsha kakhulu esikhathini esidlule. Ama-Crocodiles anomzimba ofana ne-lizard futhi adume ngokuqina kwamazinyo awo.

Imvubu

Lezi zilwane zibizwa nangokuthi ngemvubu, okuyigama elijwayelekile futhi. Kuze kube manje, abamele lo mndeni onezinselo ezihlangene, ngenxa yokuqothuka okukhulu, bahlala kuphela esifundeni esisempumalanga kanye nasenkabeni yezwekazi lase-Afrika., Futhi iningi labo lingabonakala emapaki ezwe. Ukubukeka kwabo kubonakaliswa ngumzimba omkhulu kanye nemilenze emincane emincane.

Imvubu yePygmy

Ihluke kwimvubu ejwayelekile ikakhulukazi ngosayizi futhi inosayizi wamamitha owodwa nesigamu noma okuncane okuthe xaxa. Intamo yezilwane yinde, imilenze yehlukanisiwe nekhanda elincane.

Isikhumba sikhulu impela futhi sinombala oluhlaza onsundu noma omnyama. Imvubu emfishane ihlala ezindlini zokugcina ezinenkambo ehamba kancane, kanti izidalwa ezifanayo zingatholakala emahlathini amahlathi ashisayo.

Esithombeni, imvubu emfushane

UMarabu

Emarabou enomhlaba ubhekwa njengento enkulu kunayo yonke, ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Ikhanda alinazo izimpaphe, ubuhlalu obukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, liphumula ngokuthula emthambekeni onamanzi wentamo, umbozwe izimpaphe futhi umele uhlobo lomcamelo. Isizinda esivamile se-plumage simhlophe, kuphela emuva, umsila namaphiko kumnyama.

Bird Marabou

I-Ostrich

Le nyoni inkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kombuso onemibala yeplanethi enkulu. Ukuphakama kwempiki ehlaba umxhwele kufinyelela kuma-270 cm. Phambilini, lezi zidalwa zazitholakala esifundeni sase-Arabia naseSyria, kepha manje sezitholakala kuphela ebubanzini bezwekazi lase-Afrika.

Zidume ngemisele yazo emide futhi ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Itshe elithukuthele lingathukuthela ekuzivikeleni kwalo futhi esimweni sokujabula liyingozi ngisho nakubantu.

Izintshe zase-Afrika zingummeleli omkhulu wezinyoni

UFlamingo

Le nyoni enhle iyisihlobo sezingwamza. Izidalwa ezinhle ezifana nalezi zitholakala emanzini amachibi amancane kasawoti nasezindongeni zamanzi. Isigamu seminyaka eyikhulu edlule, ama-flamesos ayeningi kakhulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lalaba banikazi bezimpaphe ezigqamile ezipinki lathola ukulimala okukhulu.

Ama-Ibis ayizihlobo zezingwamza, futhi nalezi zinyoni zaziwa ngokuhlonishwa kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo eGibhithe. Zinosayizi omncane womzimba, mncane, mncane futhi unemilenze emide ene-membranes yokubhukuda, ewusizo kakhulu ezinyoni, zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emanzini. Intamo yabo yinhle futhi yinde, futhi umbala wezinwele ungaba mhlophe qhwa, ubomvu okhanyayo noma onsundu.

Isithombe ibis bird

Isidoda

Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zithanda ukudla i-carrion. Ama-Vtures mancane ngosayizi, abe noqhwaku olubuthakathaka futhi aluncane, ene-tweezers-like a hook ende ende ekugcineni.

Ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa ngamandla amakhulu omzimba, lezi zinyoni zaduma ngobuhlakani bazo obumangalisayo, esinye isibonelo sazo okwakuyikhono lazo elihle lokwehlukanisa amaqanda ezinambuzane ngezinto ezibukhali.

Inyoni yeVietnam

Isifutho

Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kunezinhlobo eziningi zamfudu ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kakhulu nemibala. Ngokuvamile zihlala amachibi, imifula kanye namaxhaphozi, zidla ama-invertebrates asemanzini nezinhlanzi.

Ezinye zalezi ezihubhayo zimane nje ziyamangalisa, zinkulu, zinobude begobolondo bufika kumitha eyodwa nengxenye futhi zinesisindo esingama-250 kg. Ama-turtles ayizihlobo ezinde ezaziwayo, eziningi zazo ziphila ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-200.

I-Python

Ingenye yezidalwa ezikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ihlobene nama-boas nama-anacondas. Ubude be-pythons bufika kumamitha ayi-6. Umbala wazo ungaba womhlobiso ohlukahlukene, ocacile futhi onamaphethini angathandeki.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinyoka ezinjalo ezihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi nezangaphandle zedatha azinobuthi, kepha ziyakwazi ukuketula isisulu ngamandla emisipha.

I-Python ibhekwa njengenye yezidalwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke.

IGyurza

Ngokungafani ne-python, ubuthi obuyingozi. Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, i-gyurza ihlala ikakhulukazi ogwini olusenyakatho. Izirhubuluzi zikhulu impela, zivame ukudlula imitha ubude. Ikhanda lazo linxantathu ngesimo futhi linombala we-monochromatic, ingemuva linombala onsundu noma mpunga, iphethini ngendlela yamabala nemigqa kungenzeka.

IGyurza ingesinye sezinyoka ezinobuthi kakhulu

Kungani i-Afrika ibizwa kanjalo?

Izwekazi, elathola igama laso kumaGrikhi asendulo elivela egameni elithi aprica, elisho ukuthi "ilanga", noma igama lesiGrikhi aphrike, elisho ukuthi "ngaphandle kokubanda", lihlukaniswe cishe isigamu yi-ikhweyitha, uma sikhuluma ngobude. Kepha ngenxa ye- "bulge" ye-Afrika engxenyeni yayo esenyakatho, indawo enkulu isatholakala enyakatho ye-ikhwetha.

Izidalwa zase-Afrika

Izilwane zase-Afrika, ngomqondo obanzi waleli gama, zizo zonke izilwane ezihlala endaweni yezwekazi, iziqhingi kanye nolwandle olusemngceleni. Isilo se-Afrika esivelele kunazo zonke sitholakala esifundeni semvelo esiphilayo. Lesi sifunda cishe sitholakala ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezishisayo, ngaleyo ndlela sidala izimo ezinhle zokuceba kwemvelo.

Zavela kanjani izilwane e-Afrika?

Imisuka yokuqala yokwakhiwa kwezilwane e-Afrika yenzeka emuva ezinsukwini zokuqala kobukhona bokuphila okukhona emhlabeni wethu. Kepha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukwakheka kwemvelo ngesimo esikubona ngalo manje, kucishe kubhekisele ezikhathini zokuqhekeka kwe-Gondwan supercontinent ngenkathi yaphakathi neMesozoic.

Ukwakheka kwalezi zilwane kubangelwe ikakhulukazi ukufuduka okuhlukahlukene kwezilwane phakathi kwamazwekazi asendulo aseGodwana - eMadagascar, eSouth America kanye, neNdiya. Kepha ukusakazwa okukhulu kakhulu kuye nokubuya eLaurasia. Uma sikhuluma ngamazwekazi aseGodwana, lapho-ke ukufuduka kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokungathandani - kusuka e-Afrika, kanti ukushintshana nabakwaLaurasia bekubaningi futhi bekufuna ukukhishwa, yize ikakhulukazi besuka eLaurasia baye e-Afrika.

IGondwana Supercontinent

Ukushintshana kokuqala kweNeogene fauna kwenzeka eMiddle Miocene. Ukushintshaniswa okuyinhloko kwezilwane zasemhlabeni phakathi kweNyakatho Afrika neYurophu kwaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyisi-6,1 edlule, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-0.4 ngaphambi kweMessina inani eliphakeme losawoti.

Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi yemfundo ephakeme, i-Afrika imbozwe yihlathi elikhulu elihlala kuhlala kuhlala izinyathi zasehlathini ezinezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zaseningizimu ye-Asia. EPliocene, isimo sezulu soma, futhi ihlathi eliningi lacekelwa phansi, izilwane zasehlathini zaphephela eziqhingini zamahlathi ezisele.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ibhuloho elibanzi lomhlaba elixhume i-Afrika ne-Asiya futhi kwaba nokuhlasela okukhulu kwezilwane zezilwane ezise-Afrika. Ekuqaleni kwe-Pleistocene, kwaqala isikhathi semvula, futhi ihlathi eliningi lavuselelwa, ngenkathi izidalwa ze-savannah zahlukaniswa futhi zakhawulwa ezindaweni ezincane, njengoba ngaphambili kwakukhona ihlathi. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele kwe-Afrika kwezinye izifunda kuholele ekusondweni kwezinhlobo eziningi kwamakona ahlukahlukene ezwekazi.

Omama

I-Afrika ivikele izinhlobo eziyi-1,100 zezilwane ezincelisayo emazweni ayo. Inani elikhulu lamagundane lihlala ezwekazini elinelanga. Izinhlobo ezingama-64 zempelesi zihlala lapha, isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke zezinhlobo zama-unulates nama-bovid. Lokhu kungumbuso wangempela wezilwane, osekuphele amakhulu eminyaka uheha abathandi be-adventure abavela emhlabeni wonke abafuna ukuncintisana namandla emvelo uqobo.

U-Leo “yinkosi yazo zonke izilwane.” Umugqa omkhulu, ofinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-208, nesisindo esingama-kilogremu ayi-170. Abesifazane banciphile ngokulingana ngosayizi - kufika ku-184 amasentimitha kanye nama-138 kilos.

Ibhubesi linemisipha, linesifuba esijulile nekhanda elifushane eliyindilinga, intamo encishisiwe nezindlebe eziyindilinga. Uboya bayo buhluka ngombala kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kwesiliva grey, obomvu ngokuphuzi noku nsundu. Imibala yezingxenye ezingezansi ihlala ilula. Ibhubesi elisanda kuzalwa linamabala amnyama anyamalala lapho iwundlu lifinyelela ebudaleni, yize amabala abuthakathaka kaningi asabonakala emilenzeni nasezingxenyeni eziphansi zomzimba.

ULeo ukuphela kwelungu lomndeni wekati, lapho abesilisa kakhulu abesifazane besifazane abakhulu. Abesilisa banamakhanda abanzi ne-mane ebonakalayo ekhula ibuyele emuva, emboza iningi lekhanda, intamo, amahlombe nesifuba. I-mane ngokuvamile iba nsundu ngokuthinta kwezinwele eziphuzi, ezigqwala nezinsundu

I-Rhinoceros

Amalungu omndeni wobhejane aphakathi kwabameleli abakhulu be-fauna, futhi zonke izinhlobo zingafinyelela noma zidlule ithani elilodwa lesisindo. Ziyi-herbivores, zinobuchopho obuncane ngobukhulu bazo (400-600 g), uphondo olulodwa noma ezimbili nesikhumba sokuzivikela (1.5-5 cm) esiklanyelwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ze-collagen enesakhiwo sethala.

Imvamisa, badla amaqabunga, yize amandla abo okuvundisa ukudla emathunjini okuvumela ukuba badle into ethambile yesitshalo uma kunesidingo. Ngokungafani nezinye ezingakhokhelwa, izinhlobo ezimbili zobhejane base-Afrika azinawo amazinyo ngaphambili komlomo, bathembela ezindebeni zabo ukubamba ukudla.

Obhejane bavame ukuba yizisulu zabazingeli abazingela izimpondo zabo - bangathengiswa ngemali enkulu emakethe emnyama. Amanye amasiko asebenzisa kakhulu izimpondo ngezinjongo zokwelapha, kanye nokwakha ubucwebe.

UZebra

Ama-Zebras ayizinhlobo eziningana zezilwane zase-Afrika ezilungile (umndeni wamahhashi), ezihlanganiswe ngoboya bezimilo obumnyama nobamhlophe. Imivimbo yabo iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, umbala womuntu ngamunye uhlukile, njengokuthi, isibonelo, iminwe yeminwe yabantu. Njengomthetho, lezi yizilwane zenhlalo ezihlala kusuka ezinkulwini ezincane kuya emihlambini emikhulu. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu, amahhashi nezimbongolo, amadube awakaze aboshwe.

Imichilo eyingqayizivele iye yaba uphawu lwezamadube, okubenza babe enye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezaziwa kakhulu. Amahhashi anezintambo ahlala endaweni ebanzi - ukusuka ema-metad kanye nama-savannah kuya emahlathini nasezintabeni. Izici ezahlukahlukene ze-anthropogenic ziye zaba nomthelela omkhulu kubantu be-zebra, ikakhulukazi isikhumba nokubhujiswa kwendawo.

Izinambuzane

Cishe izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingaba ngu-100 000 zitholakala ezingxenyeni zeSahara zase-Afrika. Kucatshangelwe ukuthi izinambuzane zase-Afrika zakha cishe ama-10-20% ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane zomhlaba.

Ezindaweni zezulu ezinomswakama omnyama, omiyane bomalaleveva kanye ne-tsetse fly kuvamile, okuyi-ejenti ebangela ukugula kokugula nezinye trypanosomiasis zabantu, izilwane zasendle nezasekhaya.

Iqembu lezinambuzane ezisabalele e-Afrika Mantophasmatodea.

Izilwane ezihlaselayo

Ummeleli owaziwa kakhulu futhi oyingozi embusweni wezilwane wase-Afrika ibhubesi. Enyakatho naseningizimu yezwekazi, amabhubesi abhujiswa, abantu abaningi kakhulu balezi zilwane bahlala eCentral Africa kuphela. Bahlala e-savannah, eduze kwemizimba yamanzi hhayi kuphela ngawodwana noma ngababili, kodwa futhi ngamaqembu - ama-prides (owesilisa ongu-1 no-8).

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Ibhubesi lase-Afrika

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Izinhlobo ezimbili zobhejane zitholakala e-Afrika - zimnyama nezimhlophe. Kubo, indawo enhle ama-savannah, kodwa angatholakala emahlathini noma ezintabeni eziluhlaza. Izixuku zabo ezinkulu zisemapaki ezwe amaningi.

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Ubhejane omhlophe

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Ubhejane omnyama

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Phakathi kwezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezisolwandle noma emahlathini kungatholakala izindlovu zase-Afrika. Bahlala emhlambini wezinkomo, banomholi, banobungane omunye komunye, bavikela ngentshiseko abasha. Bayakwazi ukubonana futhi bahlala ndawonye ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Imihlambi yezindlovu ingabonakala emapaki ase-Afrika.

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Umndeni wendlovu yase-Afrika

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Yonke indawo ngaphandle kwehlane laseSahara, izingwe zihlala. Zitholakala emahlathini nakuma-savannah, osebeni lwemifula nasezihlahleni, emithambekeni yezintaba nasemathafeni. Lo omele umndeni wekati uzingela kahle, emhlabathini nasezihlahleni. Kodwa-ke, abantu uqobo bayazingela izingwe, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwabo okubalulekile.

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I-Aardvark (ingulube yobumba)

I-Aardvark futhi iyi-aardvark yase-Afrika - i-aka Cape aardvark iyisilwane esiphakathi nendawo esifana nengulube enesihlakala eside, izindlebe ze-hare kanye nomsila we-kangaroo. Ukuphakama kwe-aardvark yabantu abadala kungamasentimitha angama-60, ubude bomzimba buhluka kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-158 cm, futhi isisindo asidluli ku-100 kg.

I-Aardvark ingukuphela kokumelwa kuze kube yimanje kwe-aardvark. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla lesi silo sitholakala kuphela e-Afrika eseningizimu yehlane laseSahara.

Izinhlanzi

I-Afrika evela kuwo wonke amazwekazi inothile ezinhlanzini zamanzi angenamanzi (cishe izinhlobo ezingama-3,000). Amachibi ase-East African Lakes (iVictoria, iMalawi neTanganyika) ayisizinda sokuhlukahluka kwezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile.

Ukwehluka okuphezulu kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle kubonakala emanzini asogwini loLwandlekazi i-Indian (cishe izinhlobo ezingama-2000).

Eduzane nasogwini olusempumalanga noluseningizimu ne-Afrika, enye yezinhlobo zamanzi namanzi isabalele - voda i voda.

Izilwane ezingajwayelekile zase-Afrika

Kunezilwane eziningi ezingajwayelekile e-Afrika. Phakathi kwazo kungabizwa ngokuthi ama-lemurs - izimfene ezinemisipha engu-lemur. Bahlala eMadagascar nezinye iziqhingi eziseduze nayo.

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I-Lemur

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Ukuphela kuleli zwekazi kuyinto i-okapi, ilungu lomndeni wendlulamthi. Bahlala eCongo Valley futhi namuhla bayizilwane ezingafundwanga kancane.

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Okapi endle

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Omunye wabamele izilobe zase-Afrika eziqhakaze kakhulu yindlulamithi, inyamazane ende kunazo zonke. Izindlulamthi ezihlukene zinombala ngamunye, ngakho-ke azikho izilwane ezimbili ezifanayo. Ungahlangana nabo emahlathini nakuma-savannah, futhi ahlala ikakhulu emihlambini.

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Indlulamthi yase-Afrika

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Izilwane ezithakazelayo ngamazimba amadwala, ahlobene nezinhlobo zamahhashi. Inani elikhulu lamadube abhujiswa ngabantu, futhi manje ahlala ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga neziseningizimu yezwekazi. Zitholakala ogwadule, nasethafeni, nasolwandle.

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I-Zebras

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Phakathi kwezinkawu e-Afrika kuhlala izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo: imfene, chimpanzee nama gorilla. Zihlala eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, futhi zitholakala emahlathini nasemathafeni avulekile.

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Izithombe zemfene

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I-Dwarf Tooth

Lesi yisilwane esincane esifana nemvukuzane, ubude bayo bomzimba buhlukahluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-4,5 cm ngaphandle komsila. Isisindo sesilwane ngokwesilinganiso 1 - 1.5 amagremu. I-notch ihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku. Kuyamangaza, kepha idla kakhulu izinambuzane, izibungu zazo, neminyundu. Kungase kuhlasele izidladla ezincane, ezifana nezikhala, amasele, noma namagundane amancane. Ihlala isilinganiso sonyaka owodwa nohhafu kuya kwemithathu.

Lesi silwane sitholakala eNyakatho Afrika, kanye naseNingizimu Yurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi.

Umbala wezinhlungu we-dwarf ungenye yezilwane ezidla ubhedu emhlabeni. Udinga ukuzingela njalo emva kwamahora ama-2, uma kungenjalo angabulawa ukukhathala.

Ibhubesi - inkosi yezilwane

Kungokwangempela ungowabazingeli abakhulu bezwekazi. Isisindo somzimba wakhe sifinyelela ku-230 kg. Lesi isisindo sikuvumela ukuthi ushaye inkunzi inkunzi ephindwe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 kunaye. Bahlala ezindaweni lapho kunamachibi nezindawo ezivulekile zenkululeko yokuhamba. Amabhubesi ahlala emindenini.

I-mane eminyene nenokunethezeka iwuphawu lwabesilisa. Lapho indala isilwane, kuba mnyama futhi kube mnyama lapho. Ukuzingela kwenzeka emaphaketheni. Imvamisa, izinsikazi zifuna inyamazane.

Inyathi yase-Afrika

Ensimini yezwekazi, kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-buffalo - inyathi yase-Afrika. Lezi zilwane ziyingozi ebantwini, njengoba zibulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-200 minyaka yonke. Uhlobo luthathwa njengolukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinkunzi eziphilayo. Isisindo sabantu abadala siyehluka phakathi kwama-700-1000 kg, futhi ubude bomzimba busuka kuma-300 kuye kuma-340 cm.Ukuphakama lapho kubuna kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-180 cm.I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Bobabili ubulili babonakala ngezimpondo ezinkulu futhi ezingaphakathi ezigobile, kepha kwabesifazane banezifushane futhi zinciphile. Ama-Buffalos ayizilwane ezi-herbivorous futhi adla ama-2% esisindo somzimba ngosuku.

African savannah hare

I-savannah hare yase-Afrika isilwanyana esanyisayo esisezingeni eliphakathi, sikhula ubude kusuka ku-41 kuye ku-58 cm, ngesisindo somzimba esingu-1.5-3 kg. Izindlebe zinde, zimnyama ngamathiphu. Umbala wezinwele zekhanda nomzimba unombala onsundu, izinhlangothi namalembe zibomvana ngokubomvu, kanti nesisu simhlophe. Umsila umnyama ngenhla futhi umhlophe ngezansi. Le nhlobo ihlala ema-savannas anamahlathi kulo lonke elase-Afrika. I-hare iy isilwane esihlala sodwa esihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku futhi sidla otshanini.

Indlovu yase-Afrika

Izindlovu zase-Afrika ziluhlobo lwezilwane ezivela emndenini wendlovu, namuhla ezibhekwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-savannah nehlathi. I-savannah inkulu (cishe i-7500 kg) nemisipha yayo iguqulwe ibheke phezulu, kanti ihlathi elilodwa (elinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu) linombala omnyama, futhi izindwani zalo ziqinile futhi ziqondiselwe phansi.

Izindlovu zingahlala kunoma iyiphi indawo enikeza ukudla namanzi amaningi. Abantu basakazeke kulo lonke elase-Afrika kusuka eningizimu yeSahara baye emahlathini emvula aseCentral naseNtshonalanga Afrika.

I-Big Eared Fox

Ihlala emafutheni omile nasogwadule lwaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika, lapho ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko kusakazeke khona - amasimu namabhungane.

Impungushe enamehlo amakhulu inezindlebe ezinkulu ngokungajwayelekile maqondana nosayizi wekhanda. Umbala wejazi uvame ukuba nsundu, ube nentamo elula nesisu. Izeluleko zezindlebe, izindlebe nomsila zimnyama. Izingalo zimfushane.

IBongo

Izithambo zeBongo zitholakala emahlathini kuphela anamahloni aminyene ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Ikakhulu, zitholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo aseNtshonalanga Afrika naseCongo Basin, kanye naseCentral African Republic naseSouth Sudan.

I-Bongos ziyizithabathaba zehlathi ezinkulu futhi ezisindayo. Zinezinwele ezibomvu ezimnyama noma esifubeni ezinemivimbo emhlophe eqondile eyi-10-15 eyehla ezinhlangothini. Abesifazane bavame ukugqama kunabesilisa. Bobabili ubulili banezimpondo ezicijile okomendo. Izindlebe ezinkulu kukholelwa ukuthi zilola ukuzwa, futhi umbala ohlukanisa umzimba usiza izilwane ukuba zikhombane endaweni eyihlathi elimnyama. Azinazo izindlala ezikhethekile zokuphepha, ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwamanye ama-antelopes kuncike ekuhogeleni ukuthola enye nenye.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zase-Afrika zinothile futhi zihlukahlukene.

Ezizibukweni, ezinsweni, emikhosini, emidonseni yangempela, kuma-agamas, ezikweletini (ezikwi-grey eluhlaza nasezinhlotsheni ze-subgenus) zivamile. I-Polydaedalus) Isizinda sokuhlukahluka kwe-chameleon yiMadagascar.

Izinyoka e-Afrika zinezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili, zazo ama-cobras, ama-mambas, ama-pythons, kanye nezinyoka zase-Afrika adume kakhulu.

Inja yeHyena

IHyenoid noma inja yasendle yase-Afrika - isilwanyana esidla izinyamazane esiqhamuka emndenini we-canine. Ngokubukeka, ifana ne-hyena, nokho, impisi ebomvu ibhekwa njengesihlobo sayo esiseduze. Izinja ze-Hyenoid zitholakala ezindaweni ezomile ne-savannahs zase-Afrika. Zingatholakala futhi ezindaweni ezinamahlathi nasezintabeni lapho inyamazane yazo ivame khona.

Inja yasendle yase-Afrika kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yinja yokuzingela. Unesigqoko esimibalabala, esinamabala, izindlebe ezinkulu, nomsila omfushane onompipi omhlophe. Azikho ezinye izinja zasendle ezinokubukeka okufanayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzazi.

Abahlali bemifula namachibi

Ukuqothulwa kwe-Afrika kuyingwenya emincane. Ngaphezu kwazo, kukhona izingwenya ezi-blude kanye neNayile ezindaweni zokugcina. Lezi izisulu eziyingozi ezidla izilwane ngokweqile emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ezindaweni ezihlukene zokonga izwekazi kuhlala imindeni yemvubu. Zingabonakala kumapaki kazwelonke ahlukahlukene.

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Ngakho-ke, i-Afrika inezilwane zasendle ezicebile. Lapha ungathola zombili izinambuzane ezincane, ama-amphibians, izinyoni namagundane, nezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezidla ezinye.Izindawo ezihlukile zemvelo zinamaketanga abo okudla, ahlanganisa nalezo zinhlobo ezenzelwe impilo ezimeni ezithile. Uma kwenzeka othile eba se-Afrika, khona-ke uvakashele izindawo eziningi zokugcina zezwe namapaki ngangokunokwenzeka, uzokwazi ukubona inani elikhulu lezilwane endle.

Imamba emnyama

Le nyoka enobuthi ihlala eningizimu ye-Afrika. Igama lesilwane lalingenxa yombala omnyama womlomo. Ubuthi obusisulu saso bukhipha amazinyo amade (6.5 mm). Ihlala emiseleni nasezihlahleni zezihlahla. Lapho efuna ukushibilika elangeni, uzokhwela eziqongweni zezihlahla.

Luzingela ngamagundane amancane, izinyoni. Ngokushesha lapho isisulu sivele emkhakheni waso wokubona, imamba ivele iqubuke ngokushesha iyaluma. Ngemuva kokufaka amandla isilwane. Isisulu siginya konke, ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lokugaya oluthuthukisiwe lukugaya kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-1-2.

Isele lezinwele

Igama lesilwane lalingenxa yezinwele ezazisemuva, ezisiza inqubo yokushintshanisa ngegesi. Luhlobo lohlelo lokuphefumula. Bahlala ezindaweni ezipholile eduze namachibi. Bazondla ngezicabucabu, izimbungulu ezincane neminenke. Inyamazane ibanjwa ngolimi lwayo olunamathele nolude kakhulu.

Umshayeli

Ungowomndeni wama-sireletsetivores. Lesi silwane esincane singatholakala kulo lonke elase-Afrika. Ama-jumpers abhekwa njengashesha kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ijubane lokunyakaza kwabo li-29 km / h. Bahlala emibhangqwaneni eminyene noma eyedwa. Ukudla kungukukhishwa kwama-invertebrates amancane. Kungaba izicabucabu, amasimu, imichilo, izintuthwane. Abanye abameleli empeleni abadingi isiphuzo.

I-Aardvark

Lo mmeleli wase-Afrika uthole igama lakhe ngenxa yamazinyo angenalutho, afana namashubhu futhi akhula yonke impilo yawo. Ubude bomzimba 50 cm, isisindo 65 kg. Isikhumba esomile esinamabhulashi. Isizungulu sifana nengulube, siphakeme ngolimi olunamathelayo. Izindlebe zifana nonogwaja, nomsila ufana ne-kangaroo.

Bazondla ngezintuthwane kanye nama-termite. Ukuze wenze lokhu, akudingi nje ukuthola, kepha futhi nokuchitha amakhaya abo ngenxa yezinhlaka ezinde nezibukhali. I-Aardvark ingadla izinambuzane ezingafinyelela ku-50 000 ngokuhamba okukodwa. E-Afrika, zitholakala ikakhulukazi eningizimu.

Galago

Izibazi zigcwele ezweni. Lezi yizakhamizi zase-Afrika ezingalali ebusuku ezihlala emahlathini nasemisebeni yasolwandle. Umzimba ufinyelela kubude obungama-20 cm, umsila ongama-30 cm, izilwane zinesisindo esisuka ku-250 kuye kuma-300 g. Zihlala ezihlahleni, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokudala umndeni. Akuvamile ukuba zehle emhlabeni. Zidla ezinambuzaneni ezincane futhi ziphuza ujusi wezihlahla. Lezi pussi ezingaqondakali zingenza kuzuba olude. Baxhumana bodwa ngemisindo ehlukahlukene engakhombisa ubungozi, usongo noma nje kuba uphawu lokuxwayisa.

I-Gerenuk

Ummeleli womlingani wase-Afrika. Ingulule yendlulamthi (igama lesibili) ihlala empumalanga ye-Afrika. Kunzima ukudidanisa nezindatshana, ngenxa yentamo nomlenze omncane kakhulu. Izilwane zihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, kodwa futhi nasebusuku. Zidla amahlumela amancane namaqabunga. Isikhathi eside awudingi isiphuzo. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-160 cm, nokuphakama kube ngu-95 cm, isisindo kusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-45 kg.

Chameleon

Lesi sikhwanyana esimibalabala saziwa ngokukwazi ukufihla amandla okushintsha umthunzi wesikhumba. Emgodleni womlomo, unolimi olude nolunamathele, ngosizo lukhipha ukudla kwalo. Isici esihlukile yamehlo, ahamba ngokuzimela komunye nomunye. I-chameleon e-Afrika itholakala yonke indawo (amahlathi emvula, ogwadule, izintaba). Iningi labamele lizihlala ezihlahleni, kepha kunezinhlobo ezihlala emhlabeni ezinamahlamvu owomile.

I-Dune Cat (i-Sand Cat)

Ikati lesihlabathi lingummeleli omncane kakhulu phakathi kwamakati asendle. Ubude bawo buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-65 kuye ku-90 cm, kuthi ama-40% wawo umsila. Ukuphakama kwekati lendunduma kungama-24-30 cm, kanti isisindo esingu-2.1 singama-3.4 kg.

Ikati lesihlabathi lihlala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile. E-Afrika, itholakala eSahara emazweni ase-Algeria, Morocco, Chad naseNiger.

Izinyoni

E-Afrika, izinyoni eziningi zihlala (izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-2500, zazo ezingama-114 zisengozini). Abamele abalingiswa ababambe iqhaza kakhulu bangabafundisi, inyoni kanobhala, izintshe zase-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-parrots (ngokwesibonelo, iJaco), i-turaco, i-guinea fowl, obhejane, ama-marabou nezinye izingwamza, ama-penguin (okuwukuphela komuntu omele ipenguin emangazayo) kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-passerine (cishe izinhlobo eziyi-1,500) ezihlala e-Afrika.

ICanna

ICanna yizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-antelope. Noma kunjalo, unamandla impela, angakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi agxume aze afike kumamitha ayi-2,5. Iziduna nezinsikazi zinezimpondo ezisontekile ezansi, yize ezintokazi zivame ukuba zinde futhi zinciphe. Umbala wejazi uyahluka kusuka ophuzi-onsundu abe mpunga noma abe nsundu futhi kuya ngeminyaka yesilwane - izithombana ezindala cishe zimnyama. Esifubeni nasebunzini besilisa kukhona inqwaba yezinwele ezikhula futhi ziba mkhulu njengoba lesi silwane sikhula. Cannes zihlala ezintabeni, ogwadule, amahlathi nezixhaphozi.

I-Feline

Umndeni wekati ufaka imindeni emibili engezansi: amakati amakhulu namancane, abamele kuwo abahlala e-Afrika.

Kusukela engxenyeni engaphansi yamakati amakhulu ezwekazini, kunezingonyama nezingwe, futhi amakati amancane yilawa: izingulule, ikati elibomvu, isigaqa sendawo, ikati elinezinyawo ezinsundu, ikati lasehlathini, ikati elisebusweni nelegolide.

Omiyane bomalaleveva

Omiyane baseMalariya bayizinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu ezidla igazi. Zibeka amaqanda emithonjeni yamanzi emile nokugcinwa kwayo. Izigidi zomiyane abakwazi ukuqhuma emthonjeni owodwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, usongo lwangempela oluvela kulezi zinambuzane yizifo ezidluliselwa ngegazi. Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu esaziwayo umalaleveva, okuvela kuwo izigidi zabantu minyaka yonke.

UDorilus izintuthwane

Izintuthwane zikaDorilus zingahlangana emakoloni, nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20. Lapho ukudla kusha, bayayifuna eqenjini elikhulu, ngesivinini esingu-20 m / h. Kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala kwabantu, zinenzuzo (zibhubhisa zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezisendleleni, zisuka ezinambuzaneni ziye kumagundane amakhulu), kepha nakwabanye ziyalimaza. Ukuluma kubuhlungu kakhulu, ukukhipha intuthwane kunzima impela, ngoba inemihlathi eqinile.

Lesi sinambuzane siphatha izifo ezifayo zokulala. UTsetse udla igazi lama-vertebrates futhi unesifo esiyingozi kubantu - i-trypanosomiasis. Inani lokufa kwabantu e-Afrika liyathusa ngenxa yabo. Njalo ngonyaka, abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-250 kuya kuma-200 bayafa e-Afrika ngenxa yokulimala kwalesi sinambuzane.

I-kalao yase-Afrika emhlophe

I-kalao e-white-crested kalao - ongomunye wabamele izinyoni zobhejane, uhlala emahlathini anomswakama weCentral and West Africa.

Ubude bomzimba buyehluka kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-70-80. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-279- 3215 g, kowesifazane ngu-276- 288 g. Umbala wekhanda mhlophe, unamabala amnyama, iplamu lonke limnyama, linama-sheen anensimbi. Izimpaphe zalo msila kuphela ezinamabala amhlophe emathiphu.

Ibhele eliqhakazile lase-Afrika

Ubhontshisi omnandi wase-Afrika owaziwa nangokuthi i-pygmy goose, osatshalaliswa eningizimu yeSahara. Lona ngumdlalo omncane kunazo zonke e-Afrika, futhi munye omncane kunawo wonke emhlabeni (ngokwesilinganiso isisindo esingama-285 g, nama-wingspan - 142-165 mm). Ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi, idla imifino yasemanzini kanye nama-invertebrates.

Yize teal ekhazimulayo yase-Afrika inemilomo efana namarhanisi, ihlotshaniswa kakhulu namadada asemfuleni namanye amadada. Umbala wempaphe ufaka imibala elandelayo: emnyama, emhlophe, ebomvu neluhlaza.

Umlimi wase-Afrika

Ihlala kuma-savannas akhiwe eningizimu yeSahara. Umuthi wase-Afrika unenamba encane yezimpaphe ekhanda nasentanyeni, amaphiko ebanzi kakhulu, izimpaphe ezimfishane emsileni. Isisindo somzimba sisuka ku-4.2 kuye ku-7.2 kg, ubude kube ngu-78-98 cm, kanti amaphiko asebangeni lika-1.96-2.25 m.

Njengamanye amabheshu, lona ungumbele, udla ikakhulukazi izidumbu zezilwane ezizithola kusoseyili. Izimpungushe zase-Afrika zivame ukundiza ngamaphakethe.

I-penguin yase-Afrika

I-penguin yase-Afrika, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-penguin ekhangayo, ihlala emanzini aseningizimu ye-Afrika. Njengamanye ama-penguin, lolu hlobo alunandiza, olunomzimba ololongwe, nezimpiko, lufekethisiwe lwaba amaflipter, endaweni yasolwandle. Abantu abadala banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-2,2,5,5 futhi bafike ubude obungu-60-70 cm.Banezindawo ezihlukanisayo ezipinki (izindlala) ngaphezulu kwamehlo, ezizisiza ukubhekana nezinguquko zokushisa.

Ama-penguins ase-Afrika ahlukene kakhulu futhi adla kakhulu izinhlanzi kanye nama-squid. Lolu hlobo lusengozini futhi lithandwa kakhulu kubavakashi.

Izinkanyezi Zempi

I-Wavy Astrild iyinyoni encane kusuka ku-oda wamaPasseriformes. Izwe lakubo ngamazwe ase-Afrika aseningizimu yeSahara. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwethulwe kwezinye izifunda eziningi zomhlaba.

Ubude bomzimba wesidalwa esinsundu se-wavy singama-11-13 cm, sinamaphiko angama-12 kuye kwayi-14 cm nesisindo esiyi-8-10 g. Le nyoni inomzimba omfishane onamaphiko ayindilinga amafushane nomsila omude. I-plumage i-brown grey brown, kanti uqhwaku lubomvu ngokugqamile.

I-Weaver Yomphakathi Ojwayelekile

Lezi zinyoni zihlala ososheni baseNingizimu Afrika, eNamibia naseBotswana. Bakha izidleke ezinkulu zomphakathi, ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinyoni. Izidleke ze-Weaver zingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezakhiwa izinyoni.

Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube yi-14 cm, kanti isisindo singama-26-32 g .I-dimorphism yezocansi ayishiwo. Umbala wempaphe uphuzi ngombala onsundu, onamabala amnyama.

Ingwenya emincane yase-Afrika

Ingwenya emincane yase-Afrika ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zezingwenya ezihlala e-Afrika (lezi ezinye ezimbili ziyingwenya yaseNayile kanye nengwenya eshaye amakhala).

Izingwenya ezi-Narrow-ngwenya zihlala emizimbeni enamanzi amasha eCentral and West Africa. Zinesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile, imvamisa ezincane kunezingwenya zaseNayile, kepha zikhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Abadala, njengomthetho, bangamamitha ayi-2,5 ubude, kepha, njengoba wazi, bangafinyelela kumamitha angama-4.2. Isisindo somzimba singama-125-325 kg. Izingwenya ezinamagobongo zinesikhuhlu esimfishane, esisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane, yingakho igama lazo.

Imamba emnyama

Imamba emnyama inyoka enobuthi ehlala e-Afrika kuphela. Umbala uhluka kusuka kumpunga kuya onsundu, kepha hhayi mnyama. Abancane, njengomthetho, bakhanya kunabantu abadala, kepha bumnyama ngeminyaka. Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili bavame ukufinyelela ubude bomzimba obu-3 m.

Le inyoka ihola indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni futhi ihlala kumasanta, emahlathini, emadwaleni amatshe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emahlathini aminyene. Imamba emnyama idla izinyamazane ezincane nezinyoni. Iyakwazi ukushesha nge-11 km / h amabanga amafushane. Yize kunedumela lenyoka enamandla futhi enolaka kakhulu, i-mamba emnyama, njengomthetho, igwema abantu uma bengasongelwanga futhi bezama ukuyibamba.

Ufudu oluvuthiwe

Isifufula esiqhakazisiwe yisifufula esikhulu kunazo zonke ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kanye nelesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, okunika indlela eya eGalapagos kanye nezimfudu ezinkulu. Ifinyelela ubude bomzimba obungu-76 cm nesisindo esingu-45 kg, kuthi amanye amaduna akhule afike kuma-90 kg. Loluhlobo luvame kakhulu njengesilwane esifuywayo, njengoba lunelukuluku futhi luhlakaniphile.

UGoliath Frog

Isele se-goliath yisicele esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abanye abantu bakhula babe ngama-32 cm ubude ukusuka ku-muzzle kuya kwi-sacrum, futhi inesisindo esingama-3.25 kg. Lolu hlobo lunoluhlu oluncane lwezindawo zokuhlala eCameroon nase-Equatorial Guinea.

I-goliath frog imvamisa itholakala ngaphakathi naseduze kwemifula esheshayo, enaphansi kwesihlabathi. Lemifula, njengomthetho, igcwele kakhulu umoya-mpilo. Izinhlelo zomfula lapho kuhlala khona amaxoxo we-goliath zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu.

Ukumba isele

I-frog yokumba yase-Afrika ingeyomndeni I-Pyxicephalidae. Kujwayelekile e-Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, kanye naseDRC.

Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo zifaka ama-savannahs, izihlahla nezindawo zokubhukuda, amachibi anamanzi ahlanzekile nezamachibi, umhlaba olimekayo, amadlelo, nemisele nemisele. Lesi yiselesele esikhulu, abesilisa banesisindo esingama-1,4 kg, yize bengadlula kalula ama-2 kg. Kuvezwa i-dimorphism yezocansi, isisindo sowesifazane isigamu sobukhulu besilisa, okungajwayelekile phakathi kwama-amphibians, ngoba ezinhlotsheni eziningi abesifazane bakhulu. Abesilisa bafika ku-23 cm ubude, kanti izinsikazi zincane kakhulu.

Isicabucabu Se-Afrika

IBideron spider yisicabucabu esivela emndenini I-Theraphosidae, enobuthi obunamandla. Kungadala ukuluma okuhlungu, kepha iningi lalezi zicabucabu alibonakali liyingozi kubantu. Indawo yokuhlala ifaka izindawo zaseNingizimu Afrika.

Izicabucabu ze-Baboons zihola indlela yokuphila yomhlaba futhi zakha imisele yesilika, imvamisa ngaphansi kwamatshe noma emadwaleni. Indawo yokuhlala ifaka amahlathi e-savannah, izihlahla ezinde nezihlahla ezomile.

Isicabucabu darwin

Isicabucabu saseDarwin singomndeni wokujikeleza. Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zesicabucabu, i-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa kahle, izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ubude bomzimba besifazane buhlukahluka ukusuka ku-18 kuye ku-22 mm, futhi ubude besilisa bubalelwa ku-6 mm.

Lezi zicabucabu zakha into eyingqayizivele yemvelo - iwebhu enkulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.

Isicabucabu esinesihlabathi esinamehlo ayisithupha

Lesi yizinhlobo zesicabucabu eziphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-8 kuye ku-15 mm, futhi ubude bama-paws bufika ku-50 mm. Isicabucabu esinesihlabathi esinezihlahla eziyisithupha sihlala ogwadule nakwezinye izindawo ezinesihlabathi eseningizimu ye-Afrika. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu akuvamile: alikho icala elilodwa elifakazelwe. Kodwa-ke, kwenziwa ucwaningo lapho lesi sicabucabu silume khona unogwaja, umphumela waba kubulalayo (ukufa kwesilwane kwenzeka emahoreni angama-5 ukuya kwayi-5 ngemuva kokulunywa).

Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zamakati

Inhlanzi enkulu yenyathi enkulu, ebizwa nangokuthi i-giidrocin enkulu, iyinhlanzi enkulu kakhulu, enamanzi amnandi, inhlanzi evela emndenini Alestidae. Kutholakala eCongo Basin.

Lesi sidlakela sikhula size sibe ngu-1,8 m kanye nesisindo esingama-50 kg. Inhlanzi enkulu yenselo enkulu i-ichthyophagous, idla noma iyiphi inhlanzi engakalwa, kubandakanya nezihlobo ezincane.

Kalamoicht

IKalamoicht noma inhlanzi yenyoka, ihlala eNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa. Itholakala ikakhulu emifuleni nasemanzini amatsha. Ukudla kuqukethe izilwane ezincane (izinambuzane kanye nezibungu).

IKalamoicht ifinyelela kubude obuphelele bamasentimitha angama-37. Inomzimba wezinduna, omude ngaphandle kwesiqu sesisu. I-dorsal fin ende iqukethe uchungechunge lwama-spine ahlukaniswe kahle. IKalamoicht inamaphaphu amabili, okuvumela ukuthi uphefumulele umoya osemkhathini. Lokhu kuvumela inhlanzi ukuba iphile emanzini ngokuqukethwe okuphansi komoya ophefumulile.

Impaphe yezinyoni eziningi zaseSenegal

ISenegalese mnogoper itholakala emachibini, emifuleni, emigodini nasezikhukhuleni zase-Afrika ezishisayo kanye nohlelo lomfula iNayile.

Le nhlanzi ephakeme, imvama grey noma i-beige, kwesinye isikhathi iba nezithunzi ezimhlophe, ezipinki noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iningi lomzimba limbozwe ngamaphethini amancanyana kakhulu anamachashaza amnyama noma amachashazi amnyama. I-serated dorsal fin ingena emzimbeni wonke aze ahlangane ne-caudal fin, ebukhali futhi iyisicaba. Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-35,5 cm.