Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Ibanga: | Omama |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Rodents |
Umndeni: | Ubuthongo |
Ubulili: | Indawo yokulala iHazel |
Buka: | Indawo yokulala iHazel |
(ULinnaeus, 1758)
Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile IUCN 3.1 Ukukhathazeka okungatheni: 13992 |
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Indawo yokulala iHazel, noma igundane (lat. Muscardinus avellanarius) - isilwane somndeni se-oda lokulala lamagundane.
Ukubukeka
I-Hazel dormouse isilwane esincane esifana nesigcawu esincane. Kucishe kube ngosayizi yegundane: ubude bomzimba ongu-15 cm, isisindo somzimba 15-25 g. Lokhu kungenye yezinhloko ezincane zokulala. Umsila mude, u-6-7.7 cm, ngebhulashi ekugcineni. Isizalo siqhamuke kancane, izindlebe zincanyana, ziyindilinga, amadevu amade, aze afike ku-40% wobude bomzimba. I-Hazel dormouse iyizinhlobo ezingqubuzanayo phakathi kwe-dormouse, ekhonjiswe kusisetshenziswa semilenze. Iminwe emi-4 icishe ubude obufanayo, izinzwane zokuqala zincane kunezinye futhi zilingana nazo. Lapho uhamba namagatsha, amabhulashi aphenduka abheke ezinhlangothini cishe ngasesithombeni esingakwesokudla.
Umbala womzimba ongaphezulu wendlu yokulala i-hazel ubomvu obomvu, kwesinye isikhathi upende obomvu, uhlangothi olungaphansi lukhanya ngombala wefawn. Kungahle kube khona ukukhanya, cishe amabala amhlophe emqaleni, esifubeni nasesiswini. Iminwe imhlophe. Isipikili somsila simnyama noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sikhanya, simisiwe.
Ukubhebhetheka
I-Hazel dormouse ivame emahlathini aqatha futhi axubile eYurophu nasenyakatho neTurkey, etholakala eningizimu yeSweden naseningizimu yeBrithani. Okuvamile eningizimu yeYurophu, akekho eSpain kuphela. Ingxenye esempumalanga ye-hazel dormouse ingena endaweni yeRussia. Yelulwa iribhoni emincane esuka eBaltic idlula eDnieper engenhla, eceleni komfula. Oka esifundeni saseVolga maphakathi. I-Hazel dormouse ikhona eCaucasus naseCiscaucasia. I-Hazel dormouse ayivelakancane kuyo yonke ingxenye yobubanzi baseRussia.
Indlela yokuphila
I-Hazel dormouse ihlala emahlathini acijile futhi axubile, ihlala ezindaweni ezinothuli olungatheni futhi ingaphansi komhlaba kusuka ku-hazel, rose okhalweni, eugamaus, umlotha wezintaba, i-bird viburnum nezinye izihlahla nezithelo zomjikijolo kanye nezihlahlana, ezinikeza izilwane imfucuza (ikakhulukazi, yokushintshana kwendawo yokuvuthwa) nezimo ezinhle zokuvikela. Ingatholakala eceleni kwemigwaqo esehlathini noma yezwe, ngasemaphethelweni wama glade, ekuchichimeni okugcwele kakhulu. Ezintabeni inyuka iye kuma-2000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ezifundeni zaseYaroslavl naseVladimir, ama-sony akhetha amahlathi aqhakazayo ane-linden, umlotha ne-oki. Esifundeni seVolga, i-hazel dormouse ingatholakala emahlathini ama-coniface anezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziqabayo nezinwebekile.
I-Hazel dormouse ihlala ikakhulu endaweni engaphansi, ehlathini elinekhono, ngisho nasegatsheni elithambile neliguqukayo kakhulu. Iyasebenza kusukela ekushoneni kuze kuse. I-Hazel dormouse - izilwane zomhlaba. Indawo yokuhlala kwabesilisa ihlala cishe ngamahektha ama-1, kwabesifazane - kuze kufike kuma-0,8 ha. Abesifazane benziwa lusizi, izindlela zabesilisa zidlula kwabesifazane abaningi, kepha izintokazi azidluli. Isilwane ngasinye sinezidleke eziningana ezakhiwe, zinobubanzi besimo (kufika ku-15 cm ubukhulu), ziqukethe amaqabunga omile, umhlanga kanye nohlamvu lotshani oboshelwe ngamathe uSonia anamathele. Ngaphakathi, isidleke sifakwe ngotshani obuthambile, obuluhlaza kanye nobubanzi obufakwe amagxolo. Isidleke sitholakala egatsheni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1-2 ngaphezu komhlaba noma umgodi ophansi. USonia ubuye futhi ngokuzithandela uhlala ezindlini zezinyoni, i-titmouse, imigodi, futhi kungakhathalekile ukuthi indlu isivele ihlala yinyoni noma cha. Ama-redheads, ama-flycatchers aboshiwe ahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuzela, aze afike ezingeni elincane - i-tit enkulu ne-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ekwazi ukuphindisela le mpuku encane.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Hazel Dormouse
I-Hazel dormouse (i-flycatcher) - isilwane esinyamazane somndeni wegumbi lokuhlala kanye nokulandelana kwamagundane. Ngaphandle, ifana kakhulu ne-squirrel, kuphela yobukhulu obuncishisiwe, futhi ubukhulu bayo bufana nobukagundwane. Kuwo wonke umndeni wawo, i-hazel dormouse yiyona encane kunazo zonke.
Isisindo somuntu okhulile singama-gramu ayi-27 kuphela, i-dormouse enempilo enesisindo esiningi kakhulu, isizowela ekubandakanyeni ubusika. Lapho isilwane sivuka, isisindo saso sincipha size sibe ngu-15 - 17 amagremu. Isiqu sehazic dormouse mude - ukusuka ku-7 kuye ku-9 cm, lokhu akubalwa umsila, ubude bawo bungaba ngu-6 noma 7 cm.
Ihlala hazel dormouse ihlala kuphi?
Photo: Hazel Dormouse Red Book
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-hazel dormouse iyabanzi impela. Lesi silwane singumhlali ojwayelekile waseYurophu, ngaphandle kweSpain nePortugal, sizinze eningizimu yeGreat Britain neSweden, zibhaliswe enyakatho yeTurkey. Ezweni lethu, i-hazel dormouse ihlala emahlathini esifundeni seVolga, iCiscaucasia, iCaucasus neDnieper. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi endaweni yamaRussia lesi silwane siyivela, ngoba simbalwa kakhulu ngenani.
I-Hazel dormouse yizilwane ezihlala nezindawo zazo. Ubungako bokwabiwa okunjalo kumuntu wesifazane kungathatha cishe uhhafu wehektha, emadodeni izikhala ziphindwe kabili ukwanda. Phakathi kwabo, izilwane zixhumana kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Into ebalulekile ezindaweni zokuhanjiswa kwama-mousel ingumhlana oshubile, ikakhulukazi ovela ku-hazel, bekungasizi ngalutho ukuthi bakubiza ngokuthi i-hazel.
USonya angahlalisa emlotha wezintaba, ama-rosehip, ama-viburnum thickets. I-mousetrap ithanda ama-oki asemancane, ama-linden kanye no-ash groows. Ama-Orchards ayikhaya elihle lezidalwa ezincane. Akulungile ukucabanga ukuthi zilimaza izihlahla zezithelo, kanti i-dormouse, kunalokho, inengxenye ekuvinjelweni kwazo.
I-Hazel dormouse inika izintandokazi kumahlathi aqumayo, ahlanganisiwe, kanye namahlathi e-coniffort awathandeki kangako kuye. Lesi silwane sitholakala eduze kwemigwaqo yezwe nehlathi, emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angahambi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amabili.
Ngabe i-hazel dormouse idlani?
Photo: Hazel Dormouse
Imenyu ye-hazel dormouse kakhulu yemifino. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi amantongomane amnandi kakhulu. USonya udla iningi lamantongomane, alungiselela i-hibernation, lapho ithola isisindo, ngoba isilwane asenzi mali ebusika. Amantongomane azamile uSonia, kodwa angadli, angahlukaniswa, ngoba isilwane sishiya izimbobo ezibushelelezi ezisuka emazinyweni kumagobolondo aso. USonia akanayo i-cecum emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ukudla okune-fiber eningi akumukelwa kahle. Izilwane zithanda izithelo nembewu.
Ngaphezu kwamantongomane, ukudla kwamagundane kuqukethe:
- amajikijolo (ama-sitrobheli, ama-blueberries, ama-raspberry, ama-lingonberry, amajikijolo),
- ama-acorn
- izithelo
- amaqabunga amancane (entwasahlobo),
- amahlumela
- imbewu.
Kungabonakala kungajwayelekile, kepha lezi zidalwa ezincane azenqabi ukudla kwamaprotheni. USonia udla izikelemu namaqanda ezinyoni ngentokozo, uma enethuba elinjalo. Phezu kwezikelemu, uSonya nezinye izinambuzane azideleli. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, izilwane zingadla amagxolo emifino emisha. Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka ikhanda lokulala ngesikhathi sokudla kwakhe, ngoba ubamba noma yisiphi isithelo esinemilenze emibili yangaphambili. Imenyu yaleli pipi elincane elihlala emqheleni wezihlahla nezihlahla ezahlukahlukene ihluke kakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Hazel dormouse isilwane
I-Hazel dormouse isilwane sokuhlwa esisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi saso embusweni olale, yingakho sinegama elithandekayo. USonia ulala hhayi kuphela phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, kodwa futhi kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli, ewa ekushisweni yi-hibernation, ngoba akabekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi.
Ngisho ehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-17, ikhanda lokulala liwela kwi-stupor ethile futhi lingalala izinsuku eziningana lize lifudumele.
Njengoba sekushiwo, amakhanda okulala ayizilwane ezihlala endaweni ecezile. Izilwane zithanda ukuhlala zodwa, zihlangane ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ebusuku, bazifunela ukudla, besebenza ngokuzimela besuka egatsheni baye kwelinye, kuthi ngezikhathi zasemini balale ezidlekeni zabo ezipholile.
Ikhanda ngalinye lokulala esabelweni salo somhlaba linezidleke eziningana zokuhlala, ezivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya kwamabili. I-mousetrap futhi inomgodi wasebusika, ohlomisa kahle ihlobo lonke ukuze lifudumele ubusika.
Uma uSonya uqobo ehlanganyela ekwakheni isidleke, khona-ke uyakwenza ngotshani, umdumba, amahlamvu, amagatsha amancane, ahlangana nawo ngamathe akhe aqinile. Ngifanele ngisho ukuthi i-hazel dormouse kwesinye isikhathi ingaba ngokungakhathali, ingakhethi, isilwane sivame ukuhlala izidleke zabanye abantu, sibaxoshe kubo abanikazi: ama-bluebirds, ondlunkulu. USonia angahlala futhi ezindlini zezinyoni, egumbini elisophahleni, esigodini, ethaya elidala lemoto.
Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo nobunjalo balezi zidalwa ezincane, singasho ukuthi i-dormouse inelukuluku futhi inesibindi, inesimo esihle kakhulu futhi kulula ukuxhumana nabantu, izilwane zithembela kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzilawula.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Hazel Dormouse kusuka Encwadini Ebomvu
I-Hazel dormouse yizilwane ezihlala zodwa ezithintana kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalela, ehlala isikhathi sonke sehlobo, into esemqoka ukuthi ifudumale. Ukuze izingane zikhululeke, izinsikazi zakha isidleke sokubelethisa, esikhulu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Izimbaza zaso zitholakala endaweni ephansi ngokulingana nomhlabathi. Isidleke esinjalo siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili: ngaphezulu imbozwe ngamahlamvu, futhi ngaphakathi imbozwe phansi, izimpaphe, utshani obuncane.
Ehlobo, insikazi ingakhiqiza ama-broods amabili, futhi uma ukushisa kuqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi isikhathi sasehlobo sibambezelekile, khona-ke okuthathu. Imvamisa, kuzalwa izingane ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha e-hazel dormouse. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-25, sifana nesikhathi sokuphakela amawundlu. Kuyabonakala ukuthi i-sony iyazinakekela kakhulu izingane zayo, uma ngokuzumayo umama eshona, khona-ke omunye umuntu wesifazane ekhulisa izingane zakhe. Emvelweni walezi zinhlobo zamagundwane, insikazi ayikaze ibonwe idla inzalo yayo.
Uma kubanda futhi lina imvula ehlobo, khona-ke abesilisa abashesha ukubheka izinsikazi ukuze zihlanganise, zihlala ezindlekeni zazo ezipholile, khona-ke hazel dormouse azizali.
Njengoba kunesici sawo wonke amagundane, izingane zamaSonia zizalwa zingasizakali futhi zingaboni, akukho boya kuzo. Kusondele kuphela osukwini lwe-18 leminyaka, izingane ziba njengezilwane ezindala. Eminyakeni engamashumi amane, amagundane amancane asevele ethola inkululeko. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho kuzalwa insikazi ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi, ngaphambi kokubanda ekwindla, izingane zihlala ebusika nonina.
Abancane bavuthwa ngokobulili eduze konyaka owodwa. Ezimweni zasendle, zemvelo, i-hazel dormouse ihlala cishe iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu, futhi ekuthunjweni bangaphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Lo mehluko wesikhathi sokuphila ubangelwa ukuthi izilwane eziningi ezindaweni zazo zemvelo azihlali busika obubandayo nobunzima.
Izitha zemvelo ze-hazel dormouse
Photo: Hazel Dormouse
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-hazel dormouse incane kakhulu, ayinazitha ezishisekayo ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinye izilwane. Ngokukhethekile kulesi silwane, akekho noyedwa wabazingeli abazingelayo. USonia angavela kubo ngengozi. Ngakho-ke lo mbungu ungaba inyamazane yesikhova, ikati yasendle, umfela, impungushe, ukubhula. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi impungushe noma ingulube yasendle idilize umgodi endlini yegumbi lapho kuhlala khona indawo yokuhlala, kodwa isilwane singasinda, ngoba izibungu zizwela kakhulu futhi ziyaqaphela.
Imvelo yaqhamuka nendlela yokuqala yokuzivikela yalezi zidalwa ezincane, equkethe iqiniso lokuthi isikhumba esivela emsileni weSonya siyindiza esitokisini uma umuntu ebamba lesi silwane ngengxenye ende yomzimba wakhe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-dormouse enobuhlakani nexineneyo iphunyuka ngokuphepha kumuntu ongahlakaniphi. Kuliqiniso-ke ukuthi leyo ngxenye yomsila, okungekho sikhumba kuyo, iyafa futhi ekugcineni inyamalale, kodwa induku ihlala iphila.
Ngeshwa, enye yezitha eziyingozi kakhulu yama-hazel dormouse ngumuntu obhubhisa izindawo ezihlala kuzo unomphela, agawula amahlathi futhi alime umhlaba wezolimo. Izimbuzane nazo ziyashabalala ngenxa yokubulala izinambuzane abantu abasebenza lapho bezitshalile. Ngakho-ke impilo yalezi zidalwa ezincane futhi ezisengozini ehlala endle akulula.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Hazel dormouse izilwane
Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi inani labantu abasebenza e-hazel dormouse, abahlala endaweni yemvelo, yemvelo, liyehla kancane kancane unyaka nonyaka, okuyinto eyethusa kakhulu. Inqubo enjalo ibonwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho lapho kuhlala khona lesi silwane esithandekayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kulo lonke uhla inani lehost dormouse alikho nhlobo.
Kuze kube manje, inani le-hazel dormouse alifikanga esicini esibucayi. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwamagundwane lubalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto ezinobungozi obuncane bendawo, kodwa ezinhlwini zezinhlangano zezemvelo zomhlaba wonke ama-mousetraps anesimo esikhethekile.
Amacala anesilinganiso senani labantu e-hazel dormouse awafani kuzo zonke izifunda, kwezinye izindawo lesi silwane sithathwa njengesiwukufikelwa futhi sibhalwe ku-Red Book. Kuyadabukisa ukukubona lokhu, kepha lesi simo sesithuthukile ezweni lakithi, lapho le mbungulu incane kakhulu ngenani.
Umonakalo omkhulu wabantu ubangelwa hhayi kuphela ngabantu, kodwa futhi nobusika obunzima, okungeyona yonke inyamazana engasinda. Kunobufakazi bokuthi amaphesenti angama-70 ama-mousetraps awasindi ekuqandeni obandayo futhi afa ngqo ngesikhathi hibernation. Akulula ukuthi crumb enjalo iphile ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinzima zasebusika.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-hazel dormouse
Photo: Hazel Sonia Red Book of Russia
Ensimini yombuso wethu, i-hazel dormouse inenombolo encane kakhulu, eqhubeka ngokuncipha, ngakho-ke leli pende elincane libhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu yezwe lethu, libhekwa njengento engavamile. Lokhu akwenzeki kuphela ngenxa yokuthi abantu bonakalisa izindawo eziningi zokuhanjiswa kwe-hazel dormouse, kodwa futhi ngenxa yobusika obunzima, okungajwayelekile ezweni lethu, futhi akulula ukuthi ama-drowsies aphile emaqandeni amakhulu.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngaphakathi kweRussian Federation inani le-hazel dormouse licishe libe ezintathu noma ezine zezinhlobo ngehektha elilodwa lendawo.
Igumbi eliningi le-hazel lihlala ezimweni zemvelo esifundeni sethu saseYaroslavl, okungukuthi, ezinhlanganweni zamasiko ezitholakala kule ndima. Imvamisa izilwane zihlala ezindlini zamakamelo ezindlini nasezindlini zezinyoni, azinamahloni ngabantu. Amacala amaningi ayaziwa lapho abalimi be-amateur bethatha amakhanda amancane okulala nabo phakathi nobusika.
Abaningi abathanda lezi zilwane ezinhle bafuna ukwandisa amanani abo ngokukhulisa izinduku ekhaya, bese bekhulula amakamelo amancane ezingadini, emahlathini nasezindaweni zokupaka. Kwezinye izindawo, i-dormouse nayo iyathinteka ngoba abantu baphatha indawo engaphansi ngama-pesticides, belwa imikhaza eyingozi. Umuntu kufanele acabange ngeqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuholela ekufeni kwezinambuzane hhayi izinambuzane kuphela, kepha i-hazel dormouse, okuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, ezinegalelo ekungcoleni okukhulu kwezitshalo eziningi.
Ekuphetheni, kusasele ukwengeza ukuthi i-hazel dormouse incane kakhulu, ezimweni eziningi ezingenakuzivikela futhi iba sengozini, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwabantu okusebenzayo kungaba nzima kakhulu ukusinda, ngoba izimo zemvelo kwesinye isikhathi zinzima kakhulu futhi azilindeleki. Futhi uma umuntu engafuni ukusiza lesi sidalwa esincane, khona-ke lokho akulimazi lezi zincanyana ezinhle, ezibukeka njengokukhanya kwelanga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi kwamagatsha amakhulu ezihlahla.
Lezi zidalwa ezincane zithinta nje futhi ziyathandeka, ngizibuka, ngifuna ukunakekela futhi zivikele imvuthuluka ebomvu ekhanyayo, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi abaningi baziqala njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba i-hazel dormouse unemvelo enhle kakhulu futhi uthambisa kalula.
Izidleke zeHazel
Izilwane zakha izidleke ezinethezekile zokulala, ezifakelwe i-moss, ukugoqwa kwezinkuni, amaqabunga, izimpaphe. Njengendawo "yosuku" uSony angaba ngalo:
- -ngasho lutho
- umgodi ngaphansi kwezimpande
- mink ngaphansi kwesiqu esidala
- isidleke, esisontekile ngokuzimela kusuka otshanini, esimiswe endaweni ephakeme ngo-1-2 m,
- isidleke senyoni, esingenalutho noma lowo i-rodent yaxosha abanikazi abafanelekile.
Ukube uSonia akakwazanga ukuthola noma ukwenza ikhaya ngezinto ezenziwe ngemvelo, ubengenakukhathazeka ngokusebenzisa izithelo zezandla zabantu: kukugoqa kukathayela wakudala noma ithayi lemoto elahliwe. Bangakwazi ukuhlala endlini engenalutho yezinyoni, bahlale ku-Attic. I-Sony eyodwa ingaba nezindawo eziningana zamadayari ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokuthola hibernation, uSonya wakhe isidleke esikhethekile sobusika - ngaphansi komhlaba noma phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Bazama ukuyifaka ngangokunokwenzeka futhi bavale indlela yokungena.
Ukuzalela inzalo, izinsikazi zakha isidleke sobunikazi obubanzi, zizama ukuyibeka endaweni ephakeme kusukela emhlabathini. Ungqimba olungabili: igobolondo elingaphandle lenziwe ngamahlamvu, kanti “ikhabethe” langaphakathi lenziwa ngezinto ezithambile ezitholakala kuSonia - izimpaphe, phansi, utshani obunqunyiwe.
Isikhathi sokuphila
AbakwaSony abahlali endle isikhathi eside, iminyaka engama-2-3. Njengesilwane esifuywayo, zingaphila isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-7-8. Isizathu sempilo emfushane yasendle akuyona ingozi nhlobo, kodwa ikakhulukazi amazinga okushisa nezinkinga zemvelo. Izilwane eziningi zibanda ngesikhathi hibernation (kuze kufike ku-70% ngokuya ngesifunda saseMoscow).
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
AbakwaSony abathandi ukuhamba, bahlala insimu yabo, bahlukanise umuntu ngamunye. Abesifazane abephuli imingcele engabhalwanga yezindawo zabo ezinendawo engaba yingxenye yehektha, kanti abesilisa bangena nempahla yabo ukuyiphinda kabili le ndawo. Ndawonye, izilwane zihlangana isikhashana, kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Okokuxazululwa kwe-mouslovki, bakhetha izindawo ezinamathafa aphansi, mhlawumbe i-hazel (yingakho i-epithet "hazel" ngegama elithi Sonya). Izicucu ze-rosehip, i-viburnum, umlotha wentaba, izihlahla ezincane ze-oki, izindunduma, umlotha ziyimpilo yakhe. Ama-sleepyheads nawo ahlala ezivandeni zezithelo, ngaphandle kokuzilimaza nhlobo, kunalokho, aba nomthelela ekungcoleni okungcono. Bathanda amahlathi e-coniffort kancane, ngaphandle kokuthi kunokucacisa ngezihlahla zabo abazithandayo.
Indawo yokuhlala yakwaSony ibanzi ngokwanele: izilwane zihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuze kufike ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeSweden nase-UK. Ngeke uthole uSonya eSpain nasePortugal - kuyashisa kakhulu kubo eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Ensimini yaseRussia, ama-sony ahlala ezindaweni ezisehlathini zeVolga, Dnieper neCiscaucasia.
Ukudla kweHazel
I-Hazel dormouse igcwele imifino. Udla amantongomane, ama-acorns, imbewu, yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi izithelo zivuthwe ngezikhathi ezihlukile endaweni ahlala kuyo. Ezinsukwini ezifudumele zokuqala kwentwasahlobo, i-mouslovka ayinandaba nokudla amahlamvu amancane namahlumela, futhi ehlobo uzodla izithelo ezintsha namajikijolo ngentokozo.
Uma i-rodent ikwazi ukuthola amaqanda ezinyoni noma ibambe isibungu, ngeke ikwenqabe ukudla kwamaprotheni. Amantongomane asebenzisa uthando olukhethekile lwesilwane, olwalubizwa ngegama lokuthi indlu yalo. Amazinyo abukhali ashiya izimbobo ezibonakalayo egobolondweni. Ngesikhathi sokudla, ikhanda lokulala, njenge-squirrel, ligcina ukudla emabunzini.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana e-Sonya sithatha sonke isikhathi esifudumele sonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ingazala kabili, ehlobo efudumele ende - kathathu kubantwana abangu-2-6 kwilitha elilodwa. Ukuzalela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-22-25, khona-ke isikhathi esifanayo lapho udinga ukondla amawundlu. USonia angomama abakhathalelayo, akukaze kubonwe ukuthi badla inzalo yabo. Uma umama eshonile, elinye igumbi lokuphumula lingondla amathole.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma isizini lipholile futhi lina njalo, abesilisa ngeke bahambe baye ezindaweni zabesifazane lapho bezokuza, bakhetha izidleke zabo, kanti iminyuzi ngeke izale.
Njengawo wonke amagundane, ama-dormouse amancane azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi engenakusiza ngokuphelele. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-18 sebevele babukeka njengabazali babo. Eminyakeni engu-40 yezinsuku, bakulungele impilo ezimele. Kodwa kwenzeka uma udoti ubephuzile futhi izingane ezikhulile zingenasikhathi sokuzihlukanisa, zibusika ebusika obufanayo nonina. Ehlobo labo lokuqala, izilwane ezincane azikakwazi ukuzikhulisa, ngoba lokhu udinga ubusika, njengoba sekufinyelele eminyakeni yobudala.
Sesha
Ibanga: Omama (MAMMALIA)
Isigcawu: Ama-RODENTS (RODENTIA)
Umndeni: ISONY (MYOXIDAE)
Buka: | I-TROUSER NOMA HORSE Drop I-MUSCARDINUS AVELLANARIUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) I-ARESHNika SONIA |
Ukubaluleka Kwamazwe Ngamanye:
Izinhlobo zifakiwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN (LR / nt, ver. 2.3, 1994), Isithasiselo III seBerne Convention.
Incazelo:
Enye yezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ze-dormouse yezilwane zomhlaba. Ubude bomzimba abudluli kuma-90 mm, umsila - 80 mm. Isisindo somuntu ngamunye sifinyelela ku-40 g, kepha ngokuvamile sincane kakhulu. Uboya emuva nangezinhlangothini ngumbala ofanayo owombala ophuzi. Ingaphezulu lomsila, elingashisi kakhulu kunelezinye izinhlobo zomuzi omkhulu waseYurophu, linemibala efanayo. Isisu silula, sinesihlabathi ophuzi ngombala. Ikhanda ngaphandle kwephethini emnyama ezinhlangothini. Izindlebe zimfishane, ziyindilinga. I-Hazel dormouse ingenye yezinhlobo ezikhethekile emndenini wayo. Lokhu kuvezwe ikakhulukazi ekwakhekeni kwezingalo zezingemuva, ezinde kakhulu kunamanye amabala okulala, futhi zivumelaniswe kahle nokugibela izihlahla. Umunwe wangaphakathi kubo uyancishiswa ngokubonakalayo, imvamisa ngaphandle kwengubo, kuyilapho yonke iminwe, zombili ngemuva nasemilenzeni yangaphambili, yinde. Amabele endle angaphakathi nangaphakathi ezinyaweni makhulu, acishe afane ngosayizi.
Ukuhanjiswa:
I-Hazel dormouse ivame kakhulu ebangeni layo. Kusakazwa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu, kufinyelela entshonalanga kuya enyakatho nePyrenees naseningizimu neGreat Britain. Kutholakala kuyo yonke indawo enkabeni yeYurophu, iningi le-Ukraine, eLatvia naseLithuania. Imingcele esempumalanga yebanga idlula emgodini weVolga naseMiddle Don. I-Belarus iyingxenye yengxenye esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yebanga. Izinhlobo zitholakala ezweni lonke, kepha iningi lokutholwayo kusengxenyeni yalo eseningizimu. Indlu yamabhasi i-Hazel yabonwa esifundeni iNational Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" (1950-80s), Luninetsky (1956, 1970, 1972), Stolin (1980s, 2001) naseBaranovichi (2000) ezifundeni zaseBrest. , Ipaki yezwe iPripyatsky (1990s), ezigodini zasePetrikovsky (1953) kanye naseZhitkovichi esifundeni saseGomel, eStolbtsovsky (1982), eMyadelsky (1974) naseMinsk (1999) ezifundeni zaseMinsk, eNovogrudsky esifundeni saseGrodno esifundeni (1996), Vitebsk (1916) kanye nasezifundeni zaseGorodok (1999) zesifunda saseVitebsk.
Indawo yokuhlala:
UMushlovka uhlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini aqobayo, angahlanganeki kakhulu, anamahlathi acebile aqhamuka e-hazel nakwamanye ama-hardwoods, osebenza njengesici esinamandla sokunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwawo enyakatho yeBelarus. Kuthandwa kuqala izindawo ezisehlathini eziseduze nemiphetho kanye nokucaca okugcwele kakhulu, eceleni kwemigwaqo nemigwaqo. Lolu hlobo, ngokungafani nolunye uhlaka lwethu, alunaki kangako ekuphazanyisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala zasehlathini, kodwa luncike kakhulu ekubumbeni komhlaba.
I-Biology:
Ikhanda lokulala le-Hazel lisebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokucwaswa, nasekwindla, ukuyilungiselela, kwesinye isikhathi ishiya isidleke phakathi nesikhathi sasemini. Njengomthetho, izindawo zokukhosela zasehlobo ziyizidleke ezakhiwe ezenziwa yizilwane ngemfoloko yamagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahlana ezi-1-2 m ngaphezu komhlaba. Esikhathini esiningi, izidleke zihlala emhlabathini, noma emigodini yezihlahla neziqu, ezidlekeni zezinyoni ezincane. I-Hazel dormouse yakha indawo yokuhlala yasebusika ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla nezihlahla, ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane zisebenzisa izidleke zezihlahla nezidleke zokufakelwa ubusika. Izidleke zasebusika, ngokungafani nezasehlobo, zifakwe kahle. I-Mouslovka ikakhulukazi iyinhlobo e-herbivorous esebenzisa ukudla kwezilwane kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile. Isisekelo sokondliwa yimbewu, amajikijolo nezithelo, ama-hazelnuts, ama-acorns, ngezinga elincane - izingxenye zezitshalo zezitshalo. Ukudla kwezilwane - izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, amaqanda namachwane wezinyoni ezincane. I-Hazel dormouse iyakwazi ukwenza ukubekelwa ekwindla kwama-acorn kanye namantongomane, okusetshenziselwa ukuphuma ku-hibernation. IHibernation iqala ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ukuphela - maphakathi no-Ephreli. Izilwane ziqala ukuzalanisa masisha ngemuva kokuvuka kwentwasahlobo. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-18- 24. Ngaphansi kwezimo zaseBelarus, i-hazel dormouse, ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esikahle, isimo sezulu nesimo sokudla, singaba nelitha lesibili engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi. Usayizi we-brood ungama-3-6 cubs. Imvamisa, izilwane ezincane zihlala nowesifazane isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezimbili, kepha esimweni sokuphinda zizale, ushiya amazinyane okuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kwezi-5 emva kokuzalwa kwakhe. Imvamisa ukukhula kobusika kunina. I-Hazel dormouse ifinyelela ukuvuthwa ngenyanga ye-10-11 yempilo. Isikhathi sokuphila endalweni yiminyaka engu-3-4. Izitha eziphambili ze-hazel dormouse yi-marten, i-ermine, i-weasel, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhova. Ngesikhathi sobusika, izilwane ezilele zingatholakala futhi zidliwe yimpungushe. Igundane elincane elinomqala ophuzi, elihlala endaweni efanayo yezemvelo, lidla indlu encane yokulala encane. I-Hazel dormouse eBelarus ayinalo inani elisebenzayo lomsebenzi wezomnotho wesintu.
Inani nokuthambekela koshintsho lwalo:
Ngenxa yokufa okuphezulu kwezilwane ngonyaka we-1 wokuphila, akukho ukushintshashintsha okubukhali ngamanani. Ayikho imininingwane ethile enombolweni nasekushintsheni kwayo eminyakeni yensimu yaseBelarus.
Izici ezisongo ezinkulu:
Ukusikeka okucacile emahlathini, ukucekelwa phansi kwemigwaqo emincane yamahlathi ngesikhathi sokunisela nokungenisa imithombo yezindawo, ukufakwa kwamahlathi amade futhi axutshwe namahlathi okwenziwa amaConifers ngenxa yemisebenzi yamahlathi, ukuncintisana nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nezinyoni zezindawo zokuzalela.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha:
Ifakiwe kwiNcwadi eBomvu yaseBelarus kusukela ngo-1993. Kuyadingeka ukudala izindawo ezikhethekile zezindawo zokuhlala zabantu bendawo. Ukuvinjelwa kokusikwa okucacile, kanye nokwanda kwamandla emvelo yezwe ngokulengiswa izimbobo nezidleke zokufakelwa, kungaba nomthelela kulondolozo lwezinhlobo.
Kuhlanganiswe ngu:
Kuhlanganiswe ngu: Kashtalyan A.P.
Uhlala kuphi
Kwenzeka cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwengxenye yalo eseningizimu-ntshonalanga - iSpain nePortugal. Yonke indawo lapho iyivelakancane, ehekteni elilodwa azikho ngaphezu kwezilwane ezi-4. Engxenyeni yeRussia kungasemaphethelweni asempumalanga uhla lwegumbi lokuhlanza le-hazel. Lapha kusatshalaliswa kusuka esifundeni saseKaliningrad kuya esifundeni seVolga, futhi futhi kwakha inani labantu bendawo eCaucasus.
Indawo oyithandayo ye-hazel dormouse ingaphansi kwamahlathi ahlanganisiwe ane-hazel, i-oki, i-alder nezinye izihlahla eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo zobubanzi bayo, ihlala emahlathini acebile, kwezinye ikhetha ngokuqine. Isidingo esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwezihlahla eziyize ezifanele izidleke. Uma imbobo yemvelo noma umgodi wokufakelwa uthathwa ngumuntu, uHazel ulele unamandla okuxosha abaqashi (izinqola noma okokuvuselela) azinze.
Kubukeka kanjani
Uma kungenjalo ngomsila we-fluffy, ohlotshiswe ngebhulashi, i-hazel dormouse ingahle ibe yiphutha ngegundwane. I-Hazel dormouse inamawashi ayishumi. Bamsiza ukuthi akhuphuke ezihlahleni futhi ahambe ayofuna ukudla emagatsheni amancanyana. Isisindo esikhanyayo - cishe i-25 g nobude bomzimba obufika ku-15 cm kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphuke esihlahleni sotshani. Umbala wezinwele ezingezinde kakhulu zalesi silwane ubomvu ngokubomvu; ezimweni ezihlukene zezilwane zingahlukahluka kusuka kokucishe kuphuzi kuya kokushibilika okukhanyayo. Ngasohlangothini lwesisu, ijazi limhlophe. AmaVibrissas afinyelela uhhafu womzimba kaSonia futhi ahlala ehamba, ecwaninga isikhala phambi kobuso besilwane.
I-Hibernation
Ebusika, uSonya uwela ukucasha isikhathi eside, avuke ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi kuphela. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokushiswa, amakhanda abalele adla kakhulu. Ama-zoologists asalokhu ephikisana ngokuthi ngabe umuntu olele ukugcinela ukudla ubusika. Ngokunokwenzeka, kuncike ekutheni lesi silwane sihlala kuliphi inani labantu, kanye nasezimeni zezulu zesifunda. Ngokuthola hibernation, basuka ezidlekeni baye ezindlini zokugcina ezingaphansi komhlaba, imvamisa bangene kwizimbobo ezingenalutho zezinye izinduku.
Izidleke zasebusika zifakelwe udoti owomile, izinkawu, izimpaphe, noboya. Ngesikhathi hibernation, izinga lokushisa lomzimba likaSonya lehla lifinyelela ku-0- 0,5,5 ° C (ngokushisa okujwayelekile komzimba wesilwane okungu-34-36 ° C), ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo kucishe kungavikeleki.
Sonya isnashikaya
Zonke izifunda zeBelarus.
Isifunda se-Brest - IBaranavichy, Brest, i-Ivatsevichi, iKamenetsky, iKobrinsky, iLuninetsky, iPipky, iPruzhansky, izifunda zaseStolin
Isifunda saseVitebsk - Izifunda zaseVitebsk, naseGorodok
Isifunda seGomel - IZhitkovichsky, izifunda zasePetrikovsky
Isifunda saseGrodno - Izifunda zaseNovogrudok, zaseSvisloch
Isifunda saseMinsk - IVileysky, iMyadelsky, iPukhovichsky, izifunda zaseStolbtsovsky
Umndeni uSoniaceae (Myoxidae).
Okutholakele kuyaphawulwa kuzo zonke izindawo zepolitiki. I-Sonya hazel noma i-mouslovka eBelarus uhlobo oluyivelakancane oluhlala ikakhulukazi esifundeni eseningizimu naphakathi nendawo, lapho luvame kakhulu khona, kepha ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla luyenza ibonakale iyivelakancane. Kuze kube muva nje, ibibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu. Okujwayelekile, kwezinye izindawo izinhlobo eziningi zeBrest Polesie nezinhlobo ze-eurytopic kakhulu zeSonia kule ndawo. Amaqembu azokwazi ukuzala kabusha asungulwe ezinhlotsheni ezingama-23 zamahlathi. Inani eliphelele esifundeni seBrest liyizinkulungwane ezingama-150. Inani eliphakeme lendawo yokuhlalisa amahlathi ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zePolesie (Zenina neMoroz, 1998, Demyanchik, 2000). Inani elikhulu lezinsalela zamathambo e-hazel dormouse latholakala ezinsolweni zezikhova ezifundeni zeBrest naseGrodno (Demyanchik, 1999).
Okuncane kunamakhanda ethu okulala. Ubude bomzimba obungu-5.8-8.8 cm, ubude bomsila ngu-5.5-7.5 cm, izinyawo 1.5-1.85 cm, izindlebe 1.1-1 cm cm, isisindo somzimba 15-23 (kufika ku-40 d). Umzimba ubushelelezi, ikhanda liyindilinga, izindlebe zimfushane, Amehlo makhulu, aqhekekile.
Ijazi loboya lifushane, lithambile, futhi liminyene. Umbala wohlangothi lwe-dorsal ulungile ngokulinganayo, i-ventral imhlophe, isifuba nomphimbo zimhlophe qhwa. Umsila umnyama kancane kunasemhlane.
Ukusuka ehlathini nasendaweni yokulala engadini kuhlukaniswa ukungabi bikho kwamabala amnyama ezinhlangothini zekhanda, kusuka endaweni kaSonya ngosayizi omncane, kusuka kumagundane kule ndawo ebanzi yomsila.
Ihlala ezinhlobonhlobo zamahlathi. Incamela ama-wide-leaved (ikakhulukazi i-oki) namahlathi ahlanganisiwe (i-birch-aspen) enotshalo olwakhiwe kahle oluqukethe i-hazel, i-willow, i-buckthorn, i-linden, i-maple ne-spruce encane.
Izidleke ze Brood, kanye nezidleke ezakhiwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla, zivame ukuba nezingqimba ezi-2: igobolondo lamaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahla kanye nengqimba engaphakathi eyenziwe izingxenye ezichotshoziwe zokusanhlamvu noma sedges. Ngaphakathi esidlekeni kufakwe umugqa wemifino. I-Hazel dormouse ihlala emigodini, isebenzisa ngokuzithandela imbobo yokufakelwa, inganamathisela izidleke zayo kumagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla. Ama-Shelter ezilwane anezinhlobo eziningana, kuya ngezinhloso zawo. Amakamelo wobuhlalu, asetshenziswa yizilwane ebusika, akhiwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene (iziqu zezitshalo ezinamakhambi, amaqabunga owomile, ama-moss, njll.) Futhi atholakala emhlabathini noma ngaphansi komhlaba. Izindawo zokukhosela zasehlobo zaseSonya ziyahlukahluka ngesakhiwo sazo nezinto zokwakha. Kungaba izidleke ezivulekile ezitholakala kumfoloko wamagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla, noma izidleke zimiswe emagatsheni. Izilokazana zingaba yindawo eyindilinga, okusaqanda noma enye imilo eyenziwe kuphela ngamaqabunga ezihlahla noma izitshalo ezingama-herbaceous. Njengomhubhe, kusetshenziswa imifino fluff nemichilo yama-macerated yamagxolo. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane zisebenzisa izidleke ezindala nezindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni nezilwane.
I-Hazel dormouse iyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Abantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abantu besifazane abadala, bahlala behlala ezindaweni zabo. Amasayithi ezinsikazi ngokuvamile awashintshana nomunye. Iningi labancane, ikakhulukazi udoti wokuqala, ekwindla yokuqala yezimpilo zabo bathuthela ebangeni elingaba yi-1 km. Izilwane eziningi ezincane zihlala ezindaweni zokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizalwa engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. I-duckouse yabesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalela iselula kakhulu kunensikazi. Izindawo abahlala kuzo zigcwele izintokazi. Abantu abasha abaxazulula abantu, abafinyelela unyaka owodwa ubudala, bathola izingosi zamahhala futhi baqala ukuziphilela impilo yokuhlala.
AbakwaSony bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezi-6 eziyisisekelo zezimpawu ze-acoustic (impempe) eziphethe imininingwane ehlukahlukene ebalulekile ukuze kuzalwe kabusha, kusindiswe ezitheni, ekuondleni, njll.
Ukudla okunempilo kwe-hazel dormouse kuhlukile, kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezahlukahlukene, izithelo zazo kanye nembewu. Isilwane sithanda ama-hazelnuts, ama-acorns, ama-blueberries, ama-sitrobheli, ama-raspberries, amajikijolo, ama-lingonberry, njll. Entwasahlobo kungalimaza amagxolo emagatsheni apical we firs young (iminyaka eyi-10-15). Kwesinye isikhathi udla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla, ama-sony aqongelela uwoyela onqobayo, ngenxa yokuthi isisindo sawo sikhuphuka ngo-50-80%, kwesinye isikhathi siphindwe kabili.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izilwane ziwela ekubandakanyeni isikhathi, isikhathi nesikhathi sazo okuya ngesimo esithile semvelo. Ngobusuku benkabazwe, ama-dormouse ashiya izidleke zawo zangaphandle bese ethatha indawo yokuhlala yasebusika ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuhlala: ezindlini ezakhiwe ezimpandeni zezihlahla, ngaphansi kwesiqu somthi, njll. Izilwane zithanda ukushisa kakhulu kunenye indawo yokulala - ngisho entwasahlobo nasehlobo lapho izinga lokushisa lehla laya ku-10 ° C, izilwane ingakhubazeka izinsuku eziningana. Ngesikhathi hibernation ejulile, izinga lokushisa lomzimba le-hazel dormouse lehla laya ku-0,5-1 ° C.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuqala kwe-hibernation ukuphela kukaSepthemba - ukuqala kuka-Okthoba, intwasahlobo evusa ukuphela kuka-Ephreli - Meyi.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuvuka, i-hazel dormouse iqala ukuzala. Abesilisa abadala bavuka kuqala, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (izinsuku ezingama-7-10) abesifazane. Akubona bonke abantu besifazane abagqithisiwe, ikakhulukazi udoti wesibili, ababamba iqhaza ekuzaleni.
Izikhathi zokuzala ezinde zesikhathi eside zindawo yokuhlala yamah hazel e-Belarus zingoMeyi - Agasti. Eminyakeni evumayo, isikhathi sokuzala singaqhubeka kuze kube uSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi iletha ama-1-2, ngokuvamile amalitha ama-2 ku-1-7 (imvamisa ama-4-5) wamawundlu kulelo nalelo. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-22-25, ukukhiqizwa komzimba kuyizinsuku ezingama-27-30. Lezi zingane zizalwa zinqunu, ziyimpumputhe, azisizakali futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kukamama, owondla futhi afudumise inzalo yakhe. Ekupheleni kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zokuqala zokuphila, umzimba wamawundana wombozwe izinwele zezingane, kwakhiwa i-auricle. Eminyakeni engu-20 kuya kwezingu-20, ukukhula okuncane kugibela amagatsha kahle, uma kungenzeka kube nengozi, izingane zigxumela esidlekeni bese zicasha. Kusukela kulonyaka, benza imizamo yokudla bodwa, bahambe bayokondla nonina. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35- 40, imindeni ye-hazel dormouse ihlukana, intsha ifinyelela isisindo se-10-13 g bese iqhubeka nempilo yokuzimela. Inzalo ye-brood yesibili, eyavela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala, imvamisa ishiya nonina bayobusika. Izinhloko zokulala ezincane zisebenza kakhulu, ukunyakaza kwazo kubukhali kunaku abadala.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili zeminyaka, abanye abantu baba abavuthiwe ngokobulili.
Amandla wobuningi bendlu enkulu yeh hazel e-Belarus ayifundiswanga kahle.
Akukho kuzalaniswa kwezinqwaba okuphawuliwe. Imvamisa kuba nokushintshashintsha okuncane kwezinombolo eminyakeni edlule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi hibernation kanye nasentwasahlobo, iningi lezalwa kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yezilwane ezindala ziyafa, lokho kunciphisa amandla okuzala wabantu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwamanani.
I-Hazel dormouse inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Kungaba inyamazane yothando, i-ermine, i-part marten nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ama-Ectoparasites aletha ukulimala okukhulu ezilwaneni, phakathi kwazo amathunga ahlala endaweni yokuqala.
Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia
IHazel dormouse, noma i-mouslovka, ibhalwe ku-IUCN Red Book, endaweni yeRussian Federation, ezincwadini ezibomvu zezifunda eziningi, ikakhulukazi, iMoscow neBryansk. Isizathu sokwehla kwenani laleli ringi wukubhujiswa kweziteshi ezingahlala futhi zizalaniswa, futhi kwezinye izindawo futhi ukwelashwa komhlaba ongaphansi kwama-insecticides ukuze kulwe umkhaza we-ixodid.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Umbuso: Izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: AmaChordates (Chordata).
Ibanga: AmaMammals (amaMammalia).
Isigcawu: Izinduku (iRodentia).
Umndeni: Sonia (Gliridae noma Myoxidae).
Ubulili: I-Sony Hazel (Muscardinus).
Buka: IHazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius).
Umsoco
Ukudla okunomsoco kwe-hazel dormouse kuqukethe imbewu yezinhlobo zezihlahla nezinhlobo zemifino (amantongomane, ama-acorns, ama-chestnuts, ama-beech, ama-linden nati) nezinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo nezithelo. Ukudla okuthandwa yiHazelnuts ngamantongomane ama-hazel. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lesi silwane sisebenzisa amahlumela amancane nezinhlamvu zokudla ekudleni. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, akukho kudla kwesilwane ekudleni kwakhe, ngokusho kwabanye kukholelwa ukuthi i-hazel dormouse ihlasela abadlulayo abancanyana nabachitha imfuhlumfuhlu yamaqanda. USonia uvimbela ukudla okuphezulu kuselulose ngoba ulahlekile [ chaza ] i-cecum lapho kugaywa khona i-cellulose.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Indlu yegumbi leHazel iphuma e-hibernation ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Lezi yizilwane ezihlala zodwa ezinesifiso esincane sokuxhumana, okuwukuphela kwesikhathi esiyingqayizivele yisikhathi sokuzalela, esiqhubeka ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Ngenkathi, insikazi iletha amalitha ama-1-2 ama-2-8 amawundlu ngalinye, eminyakeni ethile yama-brood afika ku-3. Ngemuva kokuzalelana, insikazi yakhela izidleke zezingane, eziqukethe umquba wamaqabunga angaphandle kanye nekhabethe langaphakathi lezinto ezithambile - iziqu zotshani ezichotshoziwe, izimpaphe zezinyoni, uvolo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-22-25, ukukhulelwa komzimba - izinsuku ezingama-27-30. Amacembe azalwa eyimpumputhe, bheka ngezinsuku eziyi-18 ukuya kwezi-19. Ngalesi sikhathi, sebethuthukisiwe impela, i-dormouse encane ishesha futhi iselula kunabantu abadala. Baqala ukuzinza ezinsukwini ezingama-35 ubudala. Amakamelo amancane adlula kunina futhi ahlala unyaka olandelayo. I-Hazel dormouse ifinyelela ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-11 ukuya kwezingu-12, ngakho-ke ziqala ukuzala kuphela emva kobusika bokuqala.
IHibernation iqala ngo-Okthoba, noma ngaphambili - uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlika ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C. Ngisho entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, ama-dormouse angakwazi ukukhubazeka izinsuku eziningana futhi alale ezidlekeni zawo, afakwe ibhola elimnyama le-shaggy. Ngaphambi kokucwaswa, amakhanda okulala adla ngokuqinile, kepha awaqoqi umphako wasebusika. Ngokuthola hibernation, basuka ezidlekeni ezingaphezulu komhlaba baye ezindlini zokugcina ezingaphansi komhlaba, imvamisa bangena kwizimbobo ezingenalutho zezinye izinduku. Izidleke zobusika zifakwe udoti owomile, izinkawu, izimpaphe, noboya. Ngesikhathi hibernation, izinga lokushisa lomzimba likaSonya lehla laya ku-0,25-0,5 ° C (emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile angama-34-36 ° C).
Ukufa kwezilwane ngesikhathi hibernation kufinyelela ku-70% (esifundeni saseMoscow). Isilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiselwe se-hazel dormouse yiminyaka emi-3, izilwane eziningi zivame ukuhlala iminyaka emi-2-2,5, ekuthunjweni - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6. Ngenxa yenani labo elincane nomsebenzi emiqheleni eminyene yemithi kanye nasezihlahleni zamabhasi, i-hazel dormouse ayidlali indima enkulu ekunakekelweni kwezilwane ezidlayo. Zingaba yisisulu sengozi yezikhova, imithambo, insimbi, amatshe kanye namahlathi ezinkemba, kanye namakati ehlathi. Ebusika, imisele ebandayo yasebusika nezidleke zingambulwa yizimpungushe nangezingulube zasendle.
Inombolo
Endaweni encane, etholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-hazel dormouse, izinhlobo zihanjiswa ngokweqile hhayi eziningi. Ensimini yeRussia, inani labantu abahlala e-hazel dormouse alikaze lidlule abantu abangu-3.9 ngehektha ngalinye.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-dormouse ahlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, i-hazel dormouse ilungele kakhulu ukugcinwa ekhaya. Lezi zilwane zithathelwa kalula futhi zingaletha nezingane ekudingisweni.