Oropendola Montezuma (Psarocolius montezuma) - iculo lomndeni womndeni we-cadaverial ohlala eCentral America. I-epithet yezinhlobo inikezwa ukuhlonipha umbusi wama-Aztec uMontezum II (1467-1520).
I-plumage yeduna inombala obomvu, futhi ikhanda layo ne-torso zimnyama, izimpaphe zomsila ziphuzi, zinezimpaphe ezimbili ezingaphakathi ezimnyama, izihlathi ezingavuthiwe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezinqubo ezi-pinky, umlomo omude umnyama ngenhla ebomvu. Owesifazane uyafana nowesilisa, kepha izinqubo zakhe zesikhumba zincanyana. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, isisindo sabo sifinyelela ku-520 g ubude obude bufika kuma-50 cm (izinsikazi zinesisindo esingama-230 g kuphela ubude obungama-38 cm).
Ukubhebhetheka
Oropendola Montezuma - inyoni ezinzile futhi isatshalaliswa engxenyeni eluhlaza ngasogwini lweCaribbean ukusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico kuya enkabeni yePanama. Kuyabonakala ogwini lwePacific eNicaragua nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeCosta Rica, lapho kuhlala khona imiqhele yezihlahla, imiphetho yamahlathi kanye namahlathi amadala.
Izici zokucula
Izwi le-oropendola-Montezuma lingenye engalibaleki phakathi kwemisindo ehlukahlukene ezwakala emahlathini ashisayo omhlaba asogwini lolwandle olwandle. I-"tic-tac, glik-glak-glu-u" ephuma ggling iqhamuka eziqongweni zezihlahla ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho abesilisa be-oropendola-Montetsuma benza konke okusemandleni ukuthola umncintiswano. Ebopha isiqu sesihlahla, abesilisa baqala ukukhothama ngokucophelela ukukhombisa iplamu elikhanyayo ngaphansi komsila bese beqala iculo lothando. Imizamo yabo ayilona ize, ngoba umklomelo uhambisana nazo zonke izinsikazi zekoloni, ezihlanganisa izidleke ezimbalwa. Izimbangi ezingaphumelelanga zishiywe kuphela nemihlangano engahleliwe ohlangothini.
Ukuzala
Oropendola Montezuma izidleke emakoloni zazinezidleke ezingaba ngu-30, kepha amakoloni anezidleke eziyi-172 nawo atholakala. Kulel koloni ngalinye, owesilisa ubusa, okuthi, ngemuva kokuzalela, abesilisa nabesifazane abaningi. Esidlekeni esilengela ku-60-180 cm ubude, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili, ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya ku-beige ngombala ngamachashazi amnyama, aqhekeka izinsuku eziyi-15. Eminyakeni engu-30 yezinsuku, izinyoni ezincane ziye zizimele.
Isaka namandla
Ama-Oropendols-Montetsums - Abakhi abanethalente, nezidleke zabo - lezi zinhlaka eziqinile ezenziwe ngothayela bebhanana namahlumela agobekayo. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-9 kuye kwezingu-11 ukwakha isidleke sowesifazane, futhi kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezinjenge-30 kuye kwezingu-150 izidalwa ezinjalo zingatholakala esihlahleni esisodwa ngasikhathi.
Emhlambini, lezi zinyoni zibheka ama-vertebrate amancane, izinambuzane ezinkulu, umpe nezithelo ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengobhanana nezimbali, ezihlahleni. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi zibuthana emihlanjini encane, kuyilapho abesilisa bekhetha ukuthola ukudla bodwa.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zeMontezuma oropendola
I-Oropendola-Montezuma iyinyoni enkulu kunalokho. Amasayizi omzimba wesilisa afinyelela ku-51 cm, nesisindo esingu-521-55 amagremu. Izinsikazi zincane, ngokwesilinganiso zingama-38 - 39 cm, isisindo somzimba zingama-246 amagremu. Abesilisa nabesifazane banesembozo sezimpaphe sombala we-chestnut ogcwele kakhulu. 
I-Oropendola-Montezuma (Psarocolius montezuma).
Ezimpaphe zangaphandle zomsila kukhona izithunzi eziphuzi. Ikhanda limnyama nendawo emnyama, eblue isikhumba kanye ne-pink chin. Uqhwaku olucijile limnyama ngeziqeshana zewolintshi, kanti emadodeni i-orange hue iyaqhubeka ebunzini. Ubuningi bezinyoni ezincane ngombala ofana nowama-oropendol amadala, kepha amathunzi anciphile futhi osayizi bomzimba mncane, futhi isisindo sisuka ku-230 kuye kuma-520 amagremu.
Izindawo zokuhlala zaseMontezuma oropendola
U-Oropendola Montezuma uhlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-savannas, amadlelo, ezindaweni ezinezihlahla. Kwenzeka lapho kucekelwa phansi, kusetshenziswa izihlakala kanye nasemaphethelweni ehlathi, ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, kepha akuhlali ehlathini eliminyene. Kaningi, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luhlala eduze kwamahlathi wamabhanana kanye namathanga woqalo.
Izici zokuziphatha zeMontezuma oropendola
Ama-Oropendols aseMontezuma adume ngokukhala nokukhala kwawo okungajwayelekile, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ngendlebe, lapho kuzwakala kahle khona ukukhala nokukhonkotha.
Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Njengoba lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lunesithembu, ingxenye encane kuphela yabesilisa inethuba lokubusa leli koloni. Lapho izinsikazi zakha izidleke futhi zihlala esihlahleni esifanayo, owesilisa uzulazula emagatsheni, avikela indawo yakhe nezinsikazi. Owesilisa akagcini ngokuxosha abanye abesilisa, kodwa futhi unikeza i-alamu uma kwenzeka kuba nobungozi ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe esikhulu. 
Izimpaphe i-Oropendola-Montezuma isebenzisa inani labantu bendawo.
Ukudla kweMontezuma oropendola
I-Oropendola Montezuma idla izithelo, umpe, izimbali ezinkulu zesitshalo ezinjenge-balsa. Kukhona ubhanana ekudleni kwakhe.
Uthola ukudla ezikhaleni ezivulekile - imayard, clearings.
Iphinde idle izinambuzane namanye ama-arthropods. Ukubamba amasele, amagundane nezinye izilwanyana ezincane. Izinsikazi zondla emhlambini omncane.
Abesilisa bayondla, njengomthetho. I-Oropendola Montezuma ibheke ukudla usuku lonke, kuze kube mnyama.
Ukubaluleka kweMontezuma oropendola
Izimpaphe zika-Montezuma noma i-oropendola e-chestnut ekhanyayo nephuzi ziyasetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezingubo zezwe zamaNdiya ahlala ehlathini lase-Amazon.
Abantu bendawo bagqoka ingubo yokuhlobisa ehlotshiswe ngezimpaphe zezinyoni ngezikhathi ezikhethekile. Izingubo zelizwe ziyakhonjiswa izivakashi ezivele zijabulele izinto eziphuma kwamanye amazwe. 
Ochwepheshe bezinyoni zaseMontezuma be-oropendol bayazithanda izimpaphe zezinyoni nokumemeza okukhulu.
Ama-Oropendols aseMontezuma aqala indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, kunalokho kunokuba nzima ukuyigcina ngokwemvelo, agwema ubukhona bomuntu.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kweMontezuma oropendola
I-Oropendola Montezuma akuyona eyezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisengozini, ngakho-ke ayinasimo esikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, indawo yamahlathi ashisayo lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni incishiswa kakhulu. Lapho kuthuthukiswa umhlaba wokutshala izilimo, izihlahla zimane zigawulwe nsuku zonke, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba le nqubo ime. U-Oropendola Montezuma uzivumelanise nokuhlala endaweni evulekile, ene-sparse bush ema. Mhlawumbe yingakho isibalo sezinyoni sihlala sizinzile njengamanje.
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