ICrested Palamedea (Chauna torquata) hhayi njengabanye abamele ama-oda ama-Anseriformes. Le nyoni enkulu (ubude kufika ku-90 cm, isisindo kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-4 kg) ibukeka njengenkukhu. Imilenze ephakeme kakhulu, engenalutho, iminwe emide, ukuba khona komunwe wangemuva nokungabikho kwezimpawu zokubhukuda phakathi kwezinzwane kuyahlukanisa kolunye uhlaka lwe-Anseriform palammedia. Uqhwaku lwe-pelamen lufushane futhi lugobekile ekugcineni, olwenza lifane nenkukhu. Amapheya alezi zinyoni ezingajwayelekile athambile, umzimba umbozwe ngokuphelele izimpaphe futhi uqweqwe ngaphansi kwawo. Izimpiko zama-palametes zinde, esibondeni sephiko kukhona iziphethu ezimbili ezinamandla - lokhu kuyindlela yazo yokuvikela.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokudla
Kusatshalaliswa crested palamedea ezifundeni ezishisayo neziseningizimu neNingizimu Melika: eBolivia, ePeru, e-Argentina, eParaguay, eBrazil nase-Uruguay. Uhlala ezimfundeni ezimanzi, emachibini asechibini nasezixhaphozini. AmaPalamede awabhukudi noma ahudule. Zisuka kakhulu, kepha zingakhuphuka phezulu ngaphezu kwehlathi futhi zikhuphuke isikhathi eside emoyeni. AmaPelamede adla ngokudla kwezitshalo, aqoqwe emanzini nasemhlabeni.
Ukuzala
Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka, la ma-Anseriformes angajwayelekile ahlala emihlambi emikhulu, ehlukana abe ngababili kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala. Izidleke zama-palamedi ezakhiwe kusuka ezintweni zezitshalo zikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi phakathi kwamathanga aminyene. Ukubekwa kwabo kuqukethe amaqanda ayi-6 anemibala ephuzi emnyama, insikazi ifukamela izinsuku ezingama-45. Izinkukhu ezinombala omnyama ophuzi we-fluff zishiya isidleke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqandeka, futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-60-75, izinyoni ezincane sezivele zisezingeni.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zeparameter eqoqiwe
I-paramitia efile iyinyoni enkulu kunalokho. Umzimba wakhe unobude obungamasentimitha ayi-19- 22, futhi isisindo sifinyelela kumagremu angama-36-61.
Izimpaphe eziphakathi nendawo zibukeka kahle kuma-passerines aphakama ekhanda, akha i-costed flatsted. Okushiwo R. m. i-olivacea ihlukaniswa yi-crest ephezulu kanye nokuba khona okuncane kwezimpaphe ezimhlophe ekhanda.
I-Tufted paramitia (Paramythia montium).
Izindawo zokuhlala zeparameter eziqanjiwe
Ama-paramitia ama-Tufted ahlala emahlathini embozwe yi-moss. Ihlala emaphethelweni ehlathi, amahlathi amakhulu ezintaba, ama-alpine bush. Ikhuphukela ezintabeni isuka ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-2150, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngaphezulu kwamamitha angama-2450.
I-Crested paramitia iyinyoni ephathekayo nenamandla.
Ama-Subspecies Crested Paramitia
R. m. i-olivacea isatshalaliswa eNew Guinea. R. m. U-Alpina uhlala emithambekeni engenhla yezintaba ze-Snowy naseNew Guinea. R. m. IMontium ihlala ezintabeni zaseNew Guinea. R. m. iBrevicauda itholakala ezintabeni zeHuon Peninsula enyakatho yeNew Guinea.
Yize kunamapheya ayo aqhakazile, ama-paramitia awasetshenziswa noma abomdabu noma izivakashi ukwenza ubucwebe.
Usayizi wenani lomhlaba wonke weziparamitha ezifelwayo awukaqedwa, kepha azikho izinsongo zomhlaba.
Lolu hlobo lunokusabalalisa okuningi kakhulu.
Ama-paramitia amathenda awasondeli embundwini wezinhlobo ezisengozini. Inani labantu alinciphi ngokushesha ukusondela enkombeni (> 30% ukwehla eminyakeni eyishumi noma ezizukulwaneni ezintathu). Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ama-paramitia aqanjiwe ahlolwa njengezinhlobo ezinokusongela okuningana ngobukhulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona ukulahleka kwendawo, kepha akubalulekanga kangako njengokuthi kubangele ukukhathazeka ngesibalo sabantu abahlangene be-paramitia.
I-Crested (Collared) Palamedea - I-Chauna torquata
Ubude 94 cm, isisindo esingu-4,4 kg, amaphiko angama-170 cm. Umbala ubhema bampunga nge-scaly noma nge-fleaky patterns, amaphiko nangemuva anombala onsundu kusuka phezulu, amaphiko ahlukaniswa kusuka ngezansi, endizeni abukeka emnyama futhi emhlophe. Ikhola emnyama nemhlophe yezimpaphe ezimfushane iyakhiwa, yakha “ukubambana” okuphawuleka phakathi kwentamo.
Ihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi ukusuka eBolivia naseningizimu yeBrazil kuya enkabeni ye-Argentina. Isilo esiyinyoni yamapheshana. Ngokukhala okuvumelanayo okubili, le palamedea ibizwa ngokuthi "itiye", "chunya" noma "tacha".
Isikhathi sokuzalela sisukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguNovemba; ngokuvamile amaqanda ama-3-5 ku-clutch. Kwezinye izindawo i-nomadna, isikhathi sokuqokwa kwamagama sincike ekuqaleni kwesomiso.
11.10.2019
I-palamedea e-crested palamedea, noma itiye (lat. Chauna torquata) iyinyoni enkulu evela emndenini weSpur geese (Anhimidae) we-oda Anseriformes. Isihlobo sayo esisondele kakhulu sibhekwa njengehansi elinamainyawo amabili (Anseranas semipalmata). Yena ngezikhathi zobungozi noma injabulo enkulu ikhipha ukukhala okukhulu okuzwakala kude kude ne-3 km.
UChaya, igama elivamile eMelika eseNingizimu, uqhamuka olimini lwesiNar America saseMelika oluyi-guarani. Kwavela njenge-onomatopoeia ukukhala kwenyoni, futhi ngesiRussia kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "run" noma "atas". Ngakho-ke izinyoni zivame ukwazisa abantu bazo ezizwana nabo ngendlela yomhlaseli futhi batusa kakhulu ukuthi babaleke. Ezincwadini zesiNgisi zibizwa ngama-blower.
Uhlobo luqale wachazwa njengeChaja torquata ngonyaka we-1816 nguLorenz Ocken, isazi semvelo saseJalimane sendabuko yaseSwitzerland.
Ukuziphatha
I-palamedi ye-Crested iphila impilo yokuhlala komhlaba. Bahlala ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangadluli kwi-10.
Izinyoni ziyandiza, kepha kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile. Ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwemini, bayahamba ngokukhululeka beyofuna ama-edigles. Kusihlwa babutha ukulala ubusuku bonke ezihlahleni.
Emhlabathini, izinyoni zihamba kalula futhi zingagijima ngokushesha uma kunesidingo. Azinalo ulwelwesi lokubhukuda phakathi kwezinzwane zazo, ezingabavimbeli ukuthi bangabhukudi abalungile.
Emini, ama-palamedees aqanjiwe anaka kakhulu ukuhlanza i-plumage yabo. Bahlanza izimpaphe zabo ngomlomo wabo.
Izinyoni zinendawo futhi zivikela ngobudlova amasayithi asematasa ekhaya kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa. Esikhathini sengcuphe, bafaka izintamo zabo bese baqala ukuzungeza i-axis yabo, bekhombisa ama-spurs abo abukhali. Bazivikela, babalimaza amanxeba njengehlanga.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla ngamaqabunga, imbewu nezinhlamvu zezitshalo zasemanzini. Imenyu yemifino ihlanganiswe izinambuzane, izicabucabu, ama-centipedes kanye nama-crustaceans amancane. Amajaha adla kuphela izinambuzane.
Ukondla kuqala ekuseni futhi kuphela ntambama. Ngokuvamile kukhiqizwa ogwini noma emanzini angajulile.
I-palamedea e-crested ithanda ukubheka impilo odakeni noma ukuhlunga amanzi angcolile. Zonke izinsuku ziya endaweni yokunisela ukuze uqede ukoma kwakho ngamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba 75-95 cm, namaphiko ama-cm 150-170 cm. Isisindo 2700-4400 g .abesilisa bikhulu futhi banzima kunezinsikazi. I-dimorphism yezocansi ngombala weplamu ayikho. I-plumage is brownish-brown ngephethini emnyama, uhlangothi lwe-ventral lupendwe ngombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu. Izindandatho ezimhlophe ezibanzi nezincane ezimhlophe ziyabonakala entanyeni.
Umzimba onemilenze emide uguqulwa ukuze uhambisane nezitshalo zasemanzini noma ezasemanzini. Ezikhondweni zamaphiko kukhona ama-spurs akhonjwe afinyelela ku-5 cm ubude.
Ikhanda elincane linesimo esiyindilinga, elincane eliyindilinga. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona isikhumba esisha esibomvu. Uqhwaku lufushane, lugobile futhi linombala omnyama ngombala. I-iris iphuzi noma i-orenji, abafundi bamnyama.
Imilenze emide ipende ngombala obomvu. Ama-paws aluhlaza grey.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-palamedea esidaliwe yiminyaka engu-9 kuya kwengu-12.