ISviyaz - enye yezinyoni zasenyakatho ezidume kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi i-whistler, fistula, noma i-scum. Idada laba negama layo ngokunembile ngekhono layo lokwenza imisindo engajwayelekile efana nekhwela.

Uhlala endaweni esenyakatho yama-steppes nehlathi-tundra, nobusika ezindaweni ezifudumele - eSouth Asia, eMpumalanga Afrika, e-Indochina. Amadada akwaSviyazi ahlala emaphaketheni amakhulu, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nawo ngamunye. Kwezinye izimo, inani labantu lingadlula izinkulungwane eziningana. Amadada aqoqana emahlathini amanzi, ogwini lwamachibi nasemasimini ezolimo.

Ukubukeka kwedada

Idada linosayizi omkhulu impela, asesibili kuphela kuma-mallards. Le nyoni ingamamitha angama-45-50 cm futhi inamaphiko angama-75-85 cm. Inentamo emfushane, umsila okhombe kanye nomlomo omfushane.

Enye yezinto ezingabizwa ngokuthi ibunzi eliphakeme ledada sv wazi, kanye nemivimbo emhlophe emaphikweni. Umzimba wale nyoni u-stocky futhi umise okwendilinga. Isisindo esijwayelekile svazi sowesilisa singama-600-1000 amagremu, nabesifazane - amagremu angama-500-900.

Induna yedada lasendle inokubukeka okuhle. Unekhanda esifubeni elinomugqa wegolide, isisu esimhlophe, i-sternum ebomvu-grey, phezulu mpunga, umsila omnyama nezinhlangothi.

Izimpaphe ezincane ezingxenyeni engezansi yephiko le-duck, ezivame ukubizwa njengezibuko, ziphonswa ngombala obomvu nobubomvu, futhi amahlombe ahlotshiswe ngamabala amhlophe, enza le nyoni ibe yinhle ngokwengeziwe futhi ibonakale.

Uqhwaku lune-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onqenqemeni olumnyama, kanti imilenze impunga. Izintokazi zakwaSvayazi zinesizotha ngokwengubo yazo. Imelelwa ngamathoni abomvu-grey, awenze angabonakali endalweni.

Izwi elihlukile lenyoni

Ukhula lokhula luzwakala ngisho nasebangeni elihlaba umxhwele, elisivumela ukubahlukanisa phakathi kwezinye izinyoni ezifudukayo. Lokhu kunomthelela kumbala ogqamile we-plumage nezwi elingajwayelekile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane benza imisindo ehluke ngokuphelele. Esikhathini esijwayelekile, abantu bamadada abesilisa benza imisindo edonsa futhi ebushelelezi ngokuthi “svii-u” noma “pii-u”, kufana nekhwela noma umsindo owenziwa ithoyizi yerabha.

Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izwi lombhangqwana lishintsha kancane, kunezela amanothi akhethekile. Abesilisa babiza owesimame ngokuthi “frri-ruu” noma “svii-ru”. Amadada besifazane aphendula ngokuthuthumela okucashile, okukhumbuza umsindo ka "Kerr".

Izici zezinyoni ezizalisayo

Abamele abancane bamadada asendle bakulungele ukudala inzalo kakade ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kwezinye izimo, izinsikazi azishadikazi, zilinde ihlobo elilandelayo. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ingxenye yamabili amadada yakhiwa ekwindla ngaphambi kokundiza ezimpini ezifudumele, nenye ingxenye ngokushesha ngesikhathi sendiza. Imvamisa, izinyoni zibuyela ezingosini zazo ezidlekeni ngamabili agcwele.

Ukuze izinyoni ezidlekayo zikhethe izindawo ezivalekile emahlathini otshani noma izihlahla ezedlule. Insikazi yakha isidleke, esisemgodini ujule ngo-cm cm 5. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, idada lisebenzisa owalo umkhuhlane. Esikhathini esisuka ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJuni, insikazi ibekela amaqanda, ngokwesilinganiso kukhona amaqanda ayi-6 ukuya ku-10 ku-clutch.

Izinsuku zokuqala zokuqhanyelwa, idada lowesilisa liliseduze nowesifazane, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhashana likhishwe isikhathi sokuncibilika. Bese bese manzini echibini laseSiberia, emathafeni emifula yeVolga ne-Ural.

I-svazi yesifazane ibamba amaqanda ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-25.

Emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokuvela, izingane ziyoma ngaphandle zilandele onina. Zivele zinamehlo nezindlebe ezivulekile, zibhukuda futhi zigijima kahle, zifunda ukubheka ukudla ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Amachwane amadada amadada ayakwazi ukundiza ngokuzimela eneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingane ziyaqhekeka. Izinyoni zihlangana ndawonye ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, lapho zindizela emigwaqweni efudumele ebusika.

Indawo yokuhlala yedada

USviyaz uhlala endaweni yaseRussia, iScandinavia, iNyakatho neCaucasus neFinland. Ungababona futhi e-Iceland naseziqhingini eziseduze nogu lwe-Arctic. Imvamisa, amaqembu amakhulu wezinyoni angabonakala ezindaweni ezise-taiga, kanti engxenyeni yaseYurophu awekho. Inani elihlaba umxhwele lehlane litholakala eLake Baikal, ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwezintaba zase-Altai, ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, ezindaweni ezisePalearctic naseKamchatka.

Ukuze isidleke esidlekayo sikhethe izindawo zokugcina ezingashoni phansi enodaka. Okufuneka kuqala ukuba khona kwenqwaba yezimila, ukuze inyoni izizwe iphephile. Kungakho duckweed ingabonakala ezindaweni zasemanzini, ezixhaphozini noma emachibini ehlathi.

Ebusika, amadada aqoqana ngamaqembu andiza ezindulini nasezindongeni ezifudumele. Imvamisa yiNtshonalanga Yurophu, izingxenye eziseningizimu yeJapan ne-Asia, iMedithera.

Amadada emifino

ISviyaz - inyoni edla ukudla kwezitshalo. Bayakwazi ukuthola ukudla hhayi kuphela ngamanzi, kodwa futhi nasogwini, kuncipha utshani. Ukudla kweSviyazi kuvame ukulandelayo:

• ama-rhizomes wezitshalo zasemanzini,
• amahlumela
• amaqabunga aluhlaza
• imbewu
• dengwe,
• amakhambi ahlukahlukene
• okusanhlamvu.

Okuphakelayo okubukhoma kukhona futhi ekudleni kwedada, yize kunqabile. Zifanekiselwa yisikhonyane, izibungu, ama-mollusks, i-fish Fry kanye ne-tadpoles.

Kaningi, idada lidla ngesikhathi sasemini. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo, izindawo zokudla zingakhukhulwa ngesikhathi sokuguguleka kwezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lokudla luyaguqulwa bese isikhukhukazi sidla ekuseni noma ebusuku.

Amanye amaphuzu athakazelisayo

ISviyaz ayikuthandi ngempela ukuntywila, kepha ekudleni kwayo kuvame ukuba nama-rhizomes notshani obumnandi, obukhula ngaphansi komfula. Izinyoni ezi-Smart zisebenzisa usizo lomunye umuntu ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi zodwa ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-squid imvamisa ingatholakala eduze koswidi, lapho ithatha khona ukudla okusele ebusweni bamanzi.

Inqubo yokuncibilikisa kaSvyazi yinde impela, kepha phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ayiphelelwa amandla okundiza. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izimpaphe zedada zishiya kancane, futhi hhayi konke ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi zikhule futhi zivumele inyoni ukuba indize. Kwabanye abamele amadada asendle, inqubo yokuqunjelwa iyashesha. Kungakho elinde isikhathi esiyingozi emahlathini aminyene ngaphandle kokundiza.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinyoni sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-15 uma zihlala ekudingisweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, amadada aphila kancane kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2-3. I-squid ibaluleke kakhulu kwezimboni. Imvamisa zivame ukuvinjwa ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho zihlangana ngamaqoqo amakhulu. Idada libhekwa njengenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu ngekhwalithi yenyama.

Izinyoni zivame kakhulu kubantu bazo. Indawo yokuhlala idlula amakhilomitha skwele ayizigidi eziyi-10. Kule ndawo, ngokwesilinganiso, kutholakala abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-2,8-3.3.

YINI UKUDLA

I-Sviyaz - duck ebumba kakhulu i-herbivorous. Le nyoni idla kakhulu amaqabunga aluhlaza, ama-bulbs nama-rhizomes ezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngaphansi kaningi, ama-sviyazi adla imbewu yezitshalo nokudla kwezilwane. Ukudla kwezilwane, izinyoni zidla ikakhulu ama-mollusks nesikhonyane. Lokho okudliwa yilezi zinyoni ikakhulu kuya ngezimo zokuphakelwa esifundeni esithile abahlala kuzo.

Amadada ngokuvamile aklaba emini. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni lapho izindawo zokudla zigcwala kakhulu ngenxa yesikhathi esiphakeme sasemini, ukudla kwasehlane kusasekuseni nakusihlwa. Uma izinyoni zihlala eduze kwabantu, lapho-ke ziyaphoqeleka ukuphuma ukuyokondla ebusuku. Ukudla okuyintandokazi kwasehlane yizitshalo ezincane zasemanzini ezikhula emigqonyeni kasawoti ogwini. Ingxenye yokudla kwale nyoni itholakala ogwini olunotshani lwamachibi amasha. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-svyazi adla emanzini angajulile, kuyilapho wona, njengama-mallard, acwiliswa emanzini ukuze athole izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, basebenzisa le ndlela yokuqoqa ukudla kaningi kunamanye amadada.

LIFESTYLE

Ngaphandle kwenkathi yezidleke, ihlane ngokuvamile litholakala ezindaweni zokubhukuda ngasogwini lolwandle noma ezihosheni. Kwesinye isikhathi kunamaqembu amancane kuphela alawa amadada; kwezinye izikhathi, ungabona imihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni, enamakhulu ezinyoni zezinyoni.

Emini, abakwaSvazi bavame ukulala, batatazela ngamagagasi. Izinyoni zisuka ebusweni bamanzi ngemuva kokusakazeka okufushane bese zindiza ngezikhathi ezithile, ngamaqembu angafinyeleleki kuwo. Ezinye izinyoni zichitha ubusika emachibini amakhulu, emadamu kanye nasemifuleni, zingena kude phakathi nezwe. Emhlabeni, la madada ahamba ngokushesha kunezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wamadada.

Ukusikisela

ENyakatho Yurophu, isidleke sv wazi eduze namachibi angajulile anezimila ezinothile. Abesilisa banakekela kakhulu abesifazane ngo-Ephreli noMeyi. Ngesikhathi sokuzalelana, zipholisa izimpaphe ekhanda ukukhombisa ukugqwala okukhanyayo ekhanda. Ukudansa kokuhambisana kuhambisana nomsindo omkhulu, omfushane, lapho izinyoni zibiza ngawo. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke esingajulile, esibeka emhlabathini eduze kwechibi. Unqamula isidleke ngamahlumela, amaqabunga kanye ne-fluff, esisemaphethelweni esidleke nge-roller.

Idada libeka amaqanda amhlophe ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka amaqanda. Izinkukhu ezikhipha amaqanda zichitha isikhathi esingaphansi kosuku esidlekeni. Lapho nje sebomile, umama ubadlulisela endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Eminyakeni engu-42-45, izinsuku, amaphuphu asevele ephikweni.

IZIBONELELO ZOKUXHUMANA

Ogwini oluphakathi kwe-Europe, imihlambi yama-vegeon itholakala kusukela ngo-Agasti kuze kube nguNovemba. Ilungiselela ukundiza ezindaweni zayo zokuhlala, izinyoni zihlangana emihlanjini eminingi futhi zihlala ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula emikhulu, emachibini, emadamu naseziodini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zemvelo. ISviyazi kanye nezinye izinyoni (amagejeya amnyama) zitholakala njalo ezimeleni ezisezindaweni zamanzi - lapha kukhona izinyoni zasebusika zezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala emhlambini ofanayo nezinyoni ezinjenge-swans noma amaphayiphu. ECentral Europe, izinhlobo zasogwadule eMecklenburg. Phambilini, izindawo ezazinezidleke zalezi zinyoni zaziseduze koMfula i-Altmühl. Ngaphakathi kohla lwayo, inani lezinqwaba likhulu impela.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.

• ISviyaz ibaluleke kakhulu kwezimboni. Inani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni liyabanjwa ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho zakha khona amaqoqo amakhulu. Kukholelwa ukuthi ikhwalithi yenyama sviyaz - enye yamadada amahle kakhulu.
• Le ndoda ikweleta igama layo ngemisindo eyenziwe ngabesilisa. NgesiJalimane, le nyoni ibizwa nge- "duck whisting." "Kwezinye izingxenye zeNgilandi, izimpi zibizwa ngokuthi" amadada ayisigamu. " Leli gama lavela ngekhulu le-19 lapho, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, ama-wigs athengiswa emigoqweni ngenani lentengo yedada elijwayelekile.
• Igama lesiNgisi lesi Sviyaz maphakathi nekhulu le-XVII lisho ukuthi "simpleton." USviyazi walithola leli gama ngoba zazizingela kalula kubazingeli.

IZIPHUMA ZOKUXHUMANA KOMPHAKATHI. ISIHLOKO

Owesilisa: ingaqashelwa yinhloko yasesifubeni ngomucu obomvu onsomi osuka kusuka kuqhwaku kuye okhakhayini. Izinhlangothi nezinsiba eziphakeme zamaphiko zimpunga ngemivimbo emincane egelezayo egelezayo, emuva kumhlophe. Izimpaphe ezi-pink-grey zivama esifubeni, kanti nomsila omnyama umnyama. Kumapula ejwayelekile, kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba, ukudonsa kufana nowesifazane. Amabala amhlophe emaphikweni owesilisa osemusha avela kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.

Owesifazane: umzimba ongaphezulu uvame ukushubha. Izimpiko ziimpunga. Amabala akhanyayo, aphuzi, amabala ansundu ansundu amboza ikhanda nesifuba. Ibunzi elijwayelekile ibunzi eliphakeme nomsila okhombe ukwedlula okwezitolo ezinkulu.

Beak: amafushane futhi aminyene kunezinye izinhlobo zamadada. Usebenzela ukukha izitshalo.

Indiza: indiza, umsila okhombe kanye nesisu esimhlophe kubonakala kahle. Ezindizeni ezindizayo, amabala amhlophe emaphikweni angabonakala.

- Unyaka wonke
- Ubusika
-I-Nesting

LAPHO UKUPHILA

ISviyaz, ngaphezu kogu lweziqhingi zase-Arctic neziseduze, izidleke e-Iceland, eNyakatho Yurophu nasenyakatho ye-Asia. Kusebusika eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eMedithera, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Asia naseJapan.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

ENtshonalanga Yurophu, indawo yamaxhaphozi lapho sviyazi igcina ebusika ihlala incipha.