Izinhlanzi zeqhwa * Izinhlanzi

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Izinhlanzi zeqhwa (lat. Champsocephalus gunnari), noma i-pike ejwayelekile enombala omhlophe, isimangaliso sangempela semvelo. Le nhlanzi iphila futhi izizwa imnandi emanzini abandayo ngendlela encomekayo, okushisa okuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwe-1-2 degrees Celsius.

Imfihlo yokukhuthazela okunje ilula - igazi le-icefish liqukethe amakhemikhali akhethekile alivimbela ekuqandeni. Igazi lalezi zinhlanzi alinamabala - alinayo i-iron eyanele kulo futhi azikho amaseli abomvu egazi, ngakho-ke i-hemoglobin, eguqula igazi libomvu. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zingaphila ngaphandle kwe-hemoglobin ngenxa yokugcwala komoya-mpilo emanzini abandayo ekujuleni kolwandle.

Ngenxa yokushisa okwedlulele, lezi zinhlanzi zikhula kancane kancane. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu yempilo yayo, u-icefish angakhula afike kumasentimitha ayisithupha ubude. Amapayipi anegazi elimhlophe ahlala olwandle egeza i-Antarctica - eSouth Ocean, ingxenye eseningizimu yolwandle i-Atlantic ne-Indian.

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zingenye yalezo ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi ze-pelagic. Ngamagama alula, lokhu kusho ukuthi ungahlangabezana nakho ukuntanta ekujuleni okungaguquki, imamitha angama-350 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi.

Incazelo ye-icefish

Ngisho nangabafokazi baseNorway ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, izindaba zazisakazwa ngenkuthalo ukuthi esifundeni se-Antarctic esikude, eduze kwesiqhingi saseNingizimu Georgia, eningizimu-nentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic Ocean, kwatholakala ukubukeka kwenhlanzi eyinqaba ngegazi elingenayo imibala. Ngenxa yalesi sici, laba bahlali basemanzini abangajwayelekile babizwa ngokuthi "abangenagazi" kanye "neqhwa".

Kuyathakazelisa! Namuhla, ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwesimanje oluqinile, izinhlanzi ezinegazi elimhlophe noma izinhlanzi zeqhwa zinikezwa i-oda i-Perciform, lapho izakhamizi zasemanzini ezinjalo zimelelwa ngohlobo oluyishumi nanye, kanye nezinhlobo eziyishumi nesithupha.

Kodwa-ke, imfihlakalo enjalo yemvelo ayizange ivuse isasasa labososayensi abaningi abangabazi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuqala kocwaningo lwezinhlanzi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi (i-taxonomy) kwenziwa ngudokotela wezilwane waseSweden u-Einar Lenberg.

Ukubukeka, ubukhulu

Icy likhulu ngosayizi wezinhlanzi. Ngokwesibalo sabantu abahlala eSouth Georgia, abamele abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo bavame ukufika kubude obungu-65-66 cm, ngesisindo esilingana no-1,0-1.2 kg. Ubungako bezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu ezirekhodwe esifundeni seSouth Georgia baba ngama-69,5 cm, enesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-3.2 kg. Indawo eseduze kwesiqhingi saseKerguelen ibonakala njengendawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi enobude bomzimba ongadluli ku-45 cm.

I-dorsal fin yokuqala inama-ray angama-70 aguquguqukayo, bese kuthi owesibili wedorobheli abe nemisebe engu-35-41. E-anal fin yezinhlanzi kukhona imisebe engama-35- 40 echaziweyo. Isici sengxenye yokuqala engezansi ye-gill arch ukuba khona kwama-gill we-gill we-gill, kuyilapho inani eliphelele lama-vertebrae lingama-58-64 izingcezu.

Izinhlanzi ze-Ice zinomzimba ophansi nokujaha. Umgogodla we-rostral eduze komphetho we-snout awukho ngokuphelele. Ingxenye engenhla yomhlathi ophansi itholakala emgqeni ofana mpo ne-apex yomhlathi ongenhla. Ukuphakama kwekhanda elikhulu ngokulingana kukhulu kancane kun ubude be-snout. Umlomo wenhlanzi mkhulu, ngomphetho ongasemuva womhlathi ongenhla ufinyelela engxenyeni yesithathu engxenyeni ye-orbital. Amehlo ezinhlanzi mancane, futhi isikhala sangaphakathi sibonisa ububanzi obulinganiselwe.

Imiphetho yangaphandle yamathambo ebunzi ngaphezulu kwamehlo kahle, ngaphandle kobukhona be-cranulation, engakhulelwanga nhlobo. Lama-dorsal fins amabili atholakala ephansi, ethintana nezisekelo noma ahlukaniswe kancane yisikhala esincane sangaphakathi sangaphakathi. Emzimbeni womhlali wasemanzini kukhona umugqa wemigqa ye-lateral (medial and dorsal), ngaphandle kobukhona bezingxenye zamathambo. Amaphiko asesiswini angobude obulinganisile, futhi imisebe emikhulu ephakathi ayifinyeleli kwisisekelo senhlawulo yesigaba sokuhlaziywa. I-caudal fin inohlobo lokubhaliwe.

Kuyathakazelisa! Amaphini we-caudal, anal ne-dorsal kubantu abadala bezinhlobo amnyama noma amnyama ngombala, kanti abantu abancane kunazo zonke babonakala ngamaphayi alula.

Umbala womzimba ojwayelekile we-icefish ungwevu wesiliva. Endaweni yesisu sesitho somzimba womuntu ohlala emanzini kukhona amabala amhlophe. Indawo yangemuva nenhloko yezinhlanzi ezingamelana nokubanda imnyama ngombala. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba kunemidwebo emnyama engafani nhlobo emile, phakathi kwayo imidwebo emnyama kakhulu ivele.

Ukwakheka nokuqukethwe kwekhalori ye-icefish

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zibhekwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile ngenxa yokuqukethwe kuwo kwenani elikhulu lamaminerali ahlukahlukene adingekayo ukuze umzimba womuntu usebenze ngokujwayelekile. Okucebile ikakhulukazi ku-icefish yi-cobalt, chromium, iodine, ifosforasi, isibabule kanye ne-zethusi.

Kepha amavithamini asenyameni yakhe, ngeshwa, awamaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele "ababonakalayo" kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamavithamini angamavithamini B1, B2, B6 ne-PP. Futhi okuseleyo akukufanele ukukhuluma ngakho - bambalwa kakhulu lapho.

Kepha ake sicabange konke ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwama-icefish ngendlela ebukeka kakhudlwana - etafuleni:

Izinzuzo ze-icefish

I-Icefish itholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zemvelo, eziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo ngokuphelele empilweni. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa, okokuqala, ezinganeni ezincane (mhlawumbe hhayi ngaphambi konyaka).

Futhi, i-icefish ngokuqinisekile kufanele ifakwe (uma kungekho enye indlela efanelekile) ekudleni kwabantu abanezifo ze-thyroid, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, uhlelo lwenhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwemetaboliki ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaminerali emzimbeni.

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zingaba usizo noma zilimaze kuphela izingane ezingaphezulu konyaka ubudala (ngoba noma iyiphi inhlanzi iyingozi kakhulu), kanye nabo bonke abanye abantu "abanenhlanhla" yokuthola ukungahambi kahle kwezinhlanzi ngokudoba izinhlanzi ngokujwayelekile noma ezimthende ikakhulukazi.

Ukupheka Isicelo

Izimo zokukhiqizwa kwe-icefish ziyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho, inani lazo liyancipha minyaka yonke, futhi alikhuliswa ngokwenziwe. Ngakho-ke, intengo yayo iyakhula futhi, ngakho-ke namuhla ipike emthende yahlukaniswa njengezibiliboco.

Inyama ye-icefish ithambile, iminyene ngokungaguquguquki futhi ayinawo amafutha kakhulu, inambitheka kamnandi we-shrimp futhi ayinasici sephunga lanoma iyiphi inhlanzi. Akukho cishe amathambo ku-pike emicu, ngaphandle komgqomo omncane. Yebo, nokuthi ukucubungula okufanele kuba lula kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa ziphansi kuma-kilojoule, ngakho-ke izazi zezempilo zikutusa kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba noma bathambekele ngokweqile.

Inhlanzi enjalo ilungiselelwe ikakhulukazi umbhangqwana noma ubilisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthosiwe emafutheni noma kubhakwe nemifino. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, ikakhulukazi iJapan, kudliwa ngisho kunguluhlaza. Izinhlanzi ze-Ice ziyisisekelo sezitsha eziningi zokudlela zama-gourmet ezimangazayo ngokulula kwazo kanye nokuvela kwazo kokunambitheka: isobho, i-appetizer, izitsha eziphambili, amasaladi, njll.

Ezimakethe nasezitolo, ama-icefish athengiswa kuphela eqandisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi ilahlekelwa yizakhiwo zayo eziningi eziwusizo uma iqandisiwe, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyithenga kuphela ezindaweni ezethembekile zokuthengisa futhi uqiniseke ukuyimaka emaphaketheni ngosuku lokukhiqiza kanye nosuku lokugcina lokusebenzisa.

Kude kude, emanzini abandayo asogwini lwe-Antarctica, inhlanzi eyingqayizivele ihlala - iqhwa. Sizodalula iresiphi yokulungiselela kwayo ngezansi. Kepha okokuqala, ake sithi amagama ambalwa abusayo mayelana nezinzuzo zoniwa olwandle. Kungani ihlukile kangaka? Ngekhulu le-19, abafuyi baseNorway ababedoba e-Antarctic bathi bathola izinhlanzi zinegazi elingenamibala. Abakholwanga amazwi abo isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kwakho konke, wonke ama-vertebrates kumele abe negazi elibomvu. Kodwa-ke, kuvela ukuthi kukhona okuhlukile. Kuphoqelelwa ukuthi luhlale endaweni enokhahlo, lo mmeleli we-ichthyofauna osenkambisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo uwasuse ngokuphelele amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin emzimbeni wakhe. Kepha yibona abanesibopho sokugcina igazi libomvu. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yenyama yobisi obuphuzi babiza inhlanzi yeqhwa, futhi wonke umndeni wezidalwa ezinjalo wabizwa ngokuthiwe-ezimhlophe. Le nhlanzi inamagama esayensi. Ibizwa nge- pike emhlophe enemigqa. Kepha phakathi kwabantu igama "izinhlanzi zeqhwa" lisuse izimpande ngaphezulu.

Izinzuzo zomkhiqizo

Inyama yaleli pike elinombala omhlophe ithambile futhi ayisiqinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-icy eyodwa ayinawo nhlobo iphunga elithile le-fishy. Esihalangeni, inyama yayo emnandi iyakhumbuza i-shrimp. Mhlawumbe ngoba izinhlanzi bezilokhu zidla i-krill impilo yazo yonke? Futhi iqhwa alinawo amathambo amancane. Umgogodla, izimbambo - leso sonke skeleton sakhe. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sibheke i-Antarctic pike uhlobo oluyigugu lokuthengisa. Izinhlanzi ze-Ice, ezisetshenziswa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, zingumkhiqizo wamakhalori aphansi (amagremu ayi-100 aqukethe ama-90,6 kcal kuphela). Futhi akakhuluphele. Lokhu kufanele kuqashelwe abantu abanendaba nesibalo. Amagremu ayi-100 enhlanzi aqukethe kuphela amagremu angama-2.2 wamafutha. Kepha amaprotheni akulo impela - 17%. Le nhlanzi inengqayizivele yokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt, iodine, i-chromium, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-fluorine, i-phosphorus, isibabule, i-potassium, ithusi kanye nezinye izimbiwa ezinempilo nezokulandela umkhondo. Kukhona amavithamini kuyo - PP neqembu B.

Ngubani odinga ukudla i-icefish

Njengoba sinikezwe okuqukethwe kilojoule ephansi yamaprotheni, singasho ukuthi kubalulekile ukukusebenzisa kubantu abakhuluphele nabadli bokudla. Futhi amaminerali amaningi awusizo atholakala enyameni awenza umkhiqizo obalulekile ekudleni kweziguli ezinenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwezinhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yegilo. Njengoba i-icefish itholakala emanzini angonakalisi i-Antarctic, ithathwa njengomkhiqizo onemvelo. Ingadliwa ngisho nezingane ezincane (ngemuva konyaka wokuqala wokuphila). Kepha izimo zokudoba ezinokhahlo kanye nokwehla okungatheni kwemfuyo kwenza i-pike ibe ubumnandi bangempela. Izindawo zokudlela zaseJapan zikusebenzisa okuluhlaza. Lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okuphazamisa ukujabulela ukunambitheka kwe-shrimp enezinhlanzi ze-icefish. Amaresiphi okuphekela ubumnandi awagcini nje ekusikeni nasekwenzeni izihlungi. Isobho lenziwa kusuka kwichibi legazi. Yenza izitsha zesibili nazo - ezinukayo, epanini, kuhhavini.

Imithetho yokupheka ejwayelekile

Ekuthambeni kwethu, i-pike ye-Antarctic ithengiswa kuphela kwifomu eqandisiwe. Impela, ulahlekelwa ezinye zezakhiwo eziwusizo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuyithenga kubathengisi abathembekile, ngoba kusuka ekuqandeni ngakunye okulandelayo, inani lezinhlanzi liyancibilika njengeqhwa. Inyama ye-pike ithambile, ngakho-ke, udinga ukuyiphatha ngokufanele. Musa ukufaka isando ekunambithekeni kwesitsha ngama-ayitshu amaningi. Ujinja, i-basil, i-lemon balm - yilokhu i-icefish evumelana ngokuphelele nakho. Izindlela zokupheka zalo mhlali wase-Antarctica ziyamangaza ngokulula kwayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kutholakala izitsha zokuzijabulisa. Yini kuphela ipiki ethosiwe ku-sesame uwoyela ofanele! Kulula ukuhlanza, kucishe kungadoti. Isobho lendlebe nezinhlanzi senziwa emsileni nasekhanda. Pheka i-pike kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amabili.

Isobho elincanyana

Ungapheka kanjani u-icefish njengenkambo yokuqala? Umgomo ulula: okokuqala sipheka umhluzi ovela emsileni nasemakhanda, bese sengeza kuphela uhlaka. Ngaphambi kokubeka inhlanzi, kungakuhle ukuphonsa umhluzi. Ngakho-ke, gcwalisa amakhanda nemisila (emithathu ngayinye) ngamanzi abandayo (amalitha ama-2) bese uyibeka ukuze ibambe ukushisa okuphansi. Epanini, siphonsa u-anyanisi wonke ikhasi kanye nezaqathi ezibandayo. Sihlunga umhluzi osuqediwe, siwubeke emlilweni futhi. Silindele amathumba. Hlanganisa amabele. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-7-16 ngemuva kokubilisa futhi, faka amazambane amane, uthathe ama-cubes amakhulu. Ungenza ukuthosa anyanisi kanye izaqathe ku ibhotela. Sisakaza ifilimu elisikiwe sibe izingcezu ezinkulu. Ngemuva kwekota yehora, engeza i-basil eyomile, uphizi amahlanu wepepper emnyama, iqabunga elilodwa le-bay. Imifino e-dill oqoshiwe kahle nge-ingcosana kasawoti kanye nama-50 amagremu ebhotela. Faka le ngxube kusobho lezinhlanzi bese uyicisha ngemuva kokubilisa. Faka ngaphansi kwesivalo imizuzu engama-20 bese ukhonza.

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa: iresiphi yehovini

Ukulungiswa okuncane - lokhu kuyimfihlo eyinhloko yokupheka i-pike emhlophe kuhhavini. Ngaphambili, izinhlanzi kufanele zizizwe. Akunangqondo ukupheka kusuka ekudleni okumnandi uma engakuvezi konke ukunambitheka kwakhe okumangalisayo. Futhi ukubhaka kuhhavini kungaletha iphunga le-haze kanye nokomisa ngokweqile le fillet ithenda. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukusonga i-icefish ku-batter. Hlanganisa amanani alinganayo kafulawa nobhiya olula (125 g ngalinye). Bopha kuze kube yilapho izigaxa zinyamalala. Emaqanda amabili, hlukanisa iprotheni ku-yolk. Fudumeza amagremu ama-40 ebhotela. Thela nge-izikhupha enhlama bese uqhubeka uxova. Shaya abelungu. Faka futhi ku-batter. Amagremu angamakhulu amabili we fillet yezinhlanzi asikwe izingcezu ezincane, usawoti kanye nopelepele. Thela uwoyela omncane wemifino esitsheni sokubhaka, ugcobe ngamafutha odongeni lomkhumbi. Beka i-fillet, gcwalisa nge-batter. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zibhakwa emazingeni okushisa angama-180-200 degrees. Lapho uqweqwe lwakheka, kuyadingeka ukwenza izimbobo kulo ngesixubho. By the way, kule iresiphi, ubhiya ungabekwa esikhundleni newayini letebula elimhlophe.

Iresiphi ye-multicooker

Awukwazi kuphela ukugcoba ubhake i-pike enegazi elimhlophe. Kumpheki ohamba kancane, isitsha se-gourmet singenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ukunambitha kuyo ngeke kwehluka kusuka endaweni yokudlela. Ungapheka kanjani u-icefish kule divayisi? Defrost iziqobelo ezine. Sika ingxenye emhlophe ye-leek, u-anyanisi kanye nama-70 amagremu we-fennel emibuthanweni bese uyawafafaza emafutheni wemifino afudunyeziwe, kanye namahlumela ayi-10 we-asparagus emincane nenani elilinganayo lamapheya aluhlaza emideni. Imifino kasawoti kanye nopelepele. Kwesinye isitsha, hlanganisa i-spoonful ye-paprika emnandi, i-zest zest, iparsley eyomile, ingcosana kasawoti kanye nama-gramu ayi-20 wesitashi. Bone fish fillet kulokhu kugcotshwa. Isitsha se-multicooker kumele some ngokuphelele. Faka imifino ethosiwe kuyo. Izinhlanzi ezilandela u-ayisikhilimu zithwebule phezu komcamelo lo. Sikhanyisa iyunithi kwimodi ye- “Baking” bese silinda imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu.

Iresiphi yepani ejwayelekile

Siphambanisa i-Antarctic pike (isigamu sekilo), siyisike, siyinqume. Lungiselela ukufaka isinkwa epanini. Sifaka u-50 g kafulawa, wezipuni ezimbili zembewu yesame, usawoti omncane, upelepele omnyama, dill owomile. Ukuze unikeze isidlo esiphelile i-hue enhle yegolide, ungangeza i-curry ekungxenyeni nasekucindezelweni. Kunemithetho eminingana yokuthi ungapheka kanjani u-icefish ku-skillet. Okokuqala, amafutha okupheka kufanele afutheke kahle. Kufanele kube kuningi, uma kungenjalo ukufaka isinkwa akwenzi ukubanga usizi nokukhanya. Futhi into eyodwa: musa ukuvimbela izingcezu. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zintekenteke kakhulu futhi zingaqhekeka uma zisingathwa kalula.

Delicacy ku-foil

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubhaka kwepayi ye-Antarctic kuhhavini kufanele kusondele kuyo ngendlela efanele. Izitsha ziphuma nokushaywa yinhliziyo, kepha iphunga elimangalisayo lezinhlanzi uqobo lingalahleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oveni ingadonsa ngokweqile inyama yesisa ye "whitefish". Ukuvikela lokhu, udinga ukugoqa izingcezu ze-fillet ku-foil. Ungapheka kanjani u-icefish ngale ndlela? Izidumbu ze-Defrost, zisike. Izinhloko nemisila azikwazi ukunqunywa. Fafaza inhlanzi ngejusi kalamula bese ushiya imizuzu eyi-10. Okwamanje, hlanganisa amakhambi nezinongo. Ukwakheka okuthandwayo yi-caraway, isafroni nosawoti. Mboza ishidi lokubhaka nge-foil. Hlikihla inhlanzi ngenhlanganisela yezinongo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Sisakaza izidumbu ku-foil. Amanzi kancane ngamafutha zemifino. Mboza ngeshidi le-aluminium. Ukupheka i-icefish kuhhavini akufanele kube yinde kakhulu - ubuningi bemizuzu engama-20.

IQALILE kuphi i-ICE FISH? Ngezinsuku ze-USSR, kwenzeka ukuthi uye esitolo seNhlanzi uyothenga izinhlanzi zeqhwa ezifriziwe ngodayi. Ngesidlo sakusihlwa uzothambisa izidumbu ezincane ngogwebu - uzokhotha iminwe yakho! Okuthile okuxakile kwenzeka kule nhlanzi namuhla. Icycy ikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izitolo inyamalala ngokuphelele! Kwenzenjani? Sizothola. Okokuqala, ulwazi oluncane mayelana ne-icefish: I-Orfish ejwayelekile, noma i-whitefish efana ne-pike, noma i-pike ejwayelekile enekhanda elimhlophe - izinhlanzi zomndeni wezinhlanzi ezinamakhanda amhlophe. Ihlala emanzini e-Antarctic. Igazi lakhe empeleni alibomvu, njengawo wonke ama-vertebrates, kepha alinombala, acishe afane namanzi, ngoba lingenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhlukile futhi ngenxa yokude nokuxakaxaka kwesifunda sezimayini, kungokwesigaba sentengo se- "premium". Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, u-icefish wabiza ama-kopecks angama-70 ngekhilogremu ngalinye futhi amakati ayondliwa ngalo. E-USSR, kwakhulunywa kancane ngenani le-icefish, kodwa kwatholakala okuningi. Ukunambitheka kwe-ayisikhwebu akunakuthengiswa ngempela. Emanzini ase-Antarctic, le nhlanzi idla kakhulu i-krill, ngakho-ke inyama yayo inephunga elimnandi le-shrimp shrimp. I-Icy ice ayinawo amathambo, futhi ibanga ngokwalo lithambile futhi kulula ukulihlafuna, ngoba liqukethe inani elincane le-calcium. Njengoba iqhwa lihlala ezifundeni ezihlala imvelo kakhulu emhlabeni, lingabhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezihlanzeke kakhulu, alinazinto eziyingozi. Hhayi izinhlanzi ezinhle nje! Manje-ke kwenzekeni, kungani wanyamalala emashalofini, futhi kwahlala kuphi, lapho-ke kubiza kathathu ukwedlula i-pork tenderloin? Impendulo yaba elula kunazo zonke. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa eRussia seziyinto edonswayo ngoba ezweni lethu kuye kwaba nokuwohloka ngokuphelele komkhakha wokudoba. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-20, iRussia entsha yonakalise amagugu acebile e-USSR. Futhi inhlanzi eyisimangaliso yayingeyona neze into futhi kwakungekho muntu ongayibamba. Imikhumbi yokudoba enkulu kakhulu yasolwandle emhlabeni yenziwa eSoviet Union, okubandakanya: ukudoba, ucwaningo, imikhumbi yokuvikela izinhlanzi, izinhlaka zokulungisa izinhlanzi. Ngo-1980, ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi nge-capita ngayinye kwakungu-36 kg (e-United States 16 kg, e-UK 15 kg). Ngo-1989, abadobi baseSoviet babamba izinhlanzi eziyizigidi eziyi-11,2 zezinhlanzi, ezazingamakhilogremu angama-56 ngephepha ngalinye. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwe-USSR ngo-1991, imikhumbi yokudoba yaseRussia ishiye olwandle, kubandakanya i-Antarctica, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi zeqhwa. Iziphathimandla zabhala futhi zathengisa ingxenye yemikhumbi eya eceleni. Kungokwesikhathi kuphela 1991-1995. Imikhumbi incishisiwe isuka emikhunjini eyizinkulungwane eziyi-3,2 kuye kwezingu-2,5, okungukuthi, ngamayunithi angama-700, futhi yaqhubeka nokuwohloka nokuphelelwa ngamandla. Ukukhanselwa okukhulu kwemikhumbi kuholele ekungasebenzini kwabantu abaningi, kwaqubuka ibutho labazingeli, ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwemikhumbi yokudoba kumile, izitshalo zashiywa ngaphandle komyalo, abaningi babo baphuka. "I-perestroika" enjalo iholele ekuweni kwenani lezinhlanzi ngezikhathi ezingaba ngu-2.4, nasemapulazini ahlanganayo okudotshwa - ngezikhathi ezi-6. UMnyango Wezokudotshwa kwempahla wahlakazwa futhi kwasungulwa iKomidi Lezokudoba. Ngemuva kwalokho yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iKomidi Lokudoba Lombuso le-Russian Federation, futhi kamuva - i-Federal Agency for Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Konke lokhu kukhuluma ngokuwohloka kanye nokulahleka kwabaphathi bezokudoba. Imikhumbi eyakhiwe eSoviet iguge ngokuphelele, futhi sonke isikhathi seRussia entsha, umongameli kanye nohulumeni abakaze bahlele ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yokudoba. Kepha amaJapan namaShayina asizama, njengoba ayesazi kahle izindawo zethu zokudoba futhi esezingeni eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bokudoba osolwandle.

I-AT Ekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, abomnkantsha abavela eNorway, ababezingela emanzini ngasogwini oluseningizimu yeLatin America nasezindaweni ezizungeze i-Antarctica, bakhuluma ngenhlanzi engajwayelekile eyayinegazi elimhlophe. Kule ndawo, yayibizwa ngokuthi i-whitefish, noma iqhwa. Manje le nhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-pike emhlophe ejwayelekile, noma igazi elimhlophe njenge-pike. Ezweni lethu, yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-icefish ejwayelekile, noma i-icefish nje. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi seSoviet Union, le nhlanzi eyigugu yayithengiswa njengephansi, futhi manje isivele yathula esigabeni sokudliwayo.

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zikhulu kakhulu lapho sezikhulile, kepha inani labantu abasha liyathengiswa. Ihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokwakheka okuhle. Ine-fluoride eningi, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, kanye nezinye izinto zokulandela umkhondo namavithamini. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinempilo zokudla okunempilo futhi ngenxa yokude kwendawo yokudoba, le nhlanzi ibiza kakhulu futhi ingeyo isigaba isigaba.

Uma unesifiso se-icefish, inkampani yethu ithembisa ukuthenga okuthengiswayo okuncane eMoscow - "FISH Iningi" .
Xhumana!Sinezintengo ezimnandi kakhulu kanye nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lensizakalo. Izinhlanzi ze-ice ezihlwabusayo kakhulu ezithengiwe kithi, izindleko zazo ezingabizi, zizosiza ukuheha abathengi futhi zenze uhla lwesitolo sokuthengisa luhluke.

Izici ezihlukile ze-icefish

Uma kwenzeka ungazi ukuthi ungazithenga kuphi izinhlanzi zeqhwa eMoscow ngokungabizi, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nenkampani yethu ukuthola usizo. I-Icefish iyinhlanzi engajwayelekile, ngakho-ke umnikelo wethu uzozuzisa kakhulu abathengisi.

Sithengisa i-icefish, inani lentengo eyi-1 kg elikule nkampani "FISH Iningi" etholakala kuwo wonke ama-comers, inezakhiwo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwegazi langempela elingenamabala, le nhlanzi ikhangwa ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwephunga "lezinhlanzi", ngakho-ke, abantu abangabekezeleli leli phunga elikhethekile bazimisele ukuyidla. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zinganikwa izingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile, inezinto eziningi ezilusizo. Egazini lele nhlanzi azikho amaseli abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin, ngakho-ke kubonakala kungenabala.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yalolu hlobo lokuzalwa inani eliphansi lamathambo. Eqinisweni, kune-ridge kuphela kuwo ngaphandle kokubiza namathambo amancane. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuncane kwe-calcium emathanjeni, i-ridge ithambile futhi idliwe, okwenza i-icefish ibe ngumkhiqizo owemukelekile kwimenyu yezingane, ukondliwa kwabantu abagulayo nababuthaka. Le nhlanzi ibuye ilungele iqhaza lomkhiqizo wokudla, ngoba iqukethe kuphela u-7% wamafutha namaprotheni ayi-17%. Unenani eliphakeme lokudla okunempilo kokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori. Le nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-icefish ekudleni kwabantu abaqapha ngokucophelela impilo yabo kanye nesisindo.

Njengoba i-whitefish ihlala ezifundeni ezihlanzekile ze-Antarctica, emanzini acacile akude nendawo yokuhlala yabantu, iyakhula futhi idle endaweni enobungane bemvelo. Futhi ngenxa yokufakelwa kwayo kwe-krill, inyama yayo yenhlanzi ithola ukunambitheka okubushelelezi kwe-shrimp, ngenothi elimnandi elimnandi.

Inkampani "FISH Iningi" izinhlanzi zeqhwa ziyathengiswa esifundeni sase-Istra esifundeni saseMoscow. Ukusondela enhlokodolobha kusivumela ukuba silethe lo mkhiqizo oyingqayizivele kwizitolo ezahlukahlukene zokuthengisa kanye nezindawo zokupheka.

Kungani kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga igazi elimhlophe kithi?

Intengo ethe xaxa ye-icefish enkampanini yethu yincane, ngakho ukuyithenga kithi kusizuzisa kakhulu kubathengisi nabaphrinta noma kumakhofi nezindawo zokudlela ezigxila ekudla kwasolwandle.
Kanye nesiphetho sesivumelwano sokuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla, amakhasimende ethu athola lezi zinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Isabelo esikhulu sokudla kwasolwandle, izinhlanzi neminye imikhiqizo.
Amanani aphansi.
Ikhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukutholakala kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla lapho kugcinwa khona imikhiqizo.
Imikhumbi yakho uqobo yemishini ekhethekile yokuhambisa imikhiqizo emisha neqhwa.
Insizakalo yokujaha.
Amathuba wokuphothula inkontileka yokuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo.

Ngishayele ucingo! Ukuthengiswa kwethu kwezinhlanzi ezifriziwe nokulethwa esifundeni saseMoscow kusiza abathengisayo ukunikeza abathengi imikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene yasolwandle, enambithekayo nenempilo.

Ngokusho kokuhlelwa kwesimanje okuqinile, igazi elinombala omhlophe, noma njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, izinhlanzi zeqhwa zingezokulandelana kwe-perciform, lapho zimelelwa khona izinhlobo ezingama-11 zofuzo nezinhlobo eziyi-16.

Iningi labameleli bale nhlangano lihlala eduzane nase-Antarctica, izinhlobo ezintathu ziseduze nesiqhingi saseNingizimu Georgia, ezinye ezintathu zisesiqhingini saseKerguelen, kanti nohlobo olulodwa luseNingizimu Melika impela, okungasogwini lwePatagonia. Ngokusho kososayensi, ukubonakala kwalo mndeni kufana nenhlanzi yasolwandle yaseHana eyayaziwa ngisho naseGrisi yakudala, eyakhela isisekelo segama lesiLatini lalezinhlanzi, iChannichthyidae, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho "inhlanzi ye-hannah."

Ezingeni lomndeni, le nhlanzi ibizwa emhlabeni wonke isebenzisa i-epithet "ice". E-Russia yi-icefish, emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi i-icefish, i-Hispanic pez hielo. AmaFulentshi kuphela ayesungula futhi enothando ngokuqamba lo mndeni, awubiza ngokuthi yi-poisson des glights antarctique, okusho ngesiRashiya okusho "inhlanzi eyiqhwa yase-Antarctic". Vele, igama elinjalo lizwakala lilihle ngokwedlula i-banal "ice".

Le nhlanzi inokukhubazeka okuphezulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, bayibamba ikakhulukazi e-Antarctica, kanye naseziqhingini zaseKerlegen naseNingizimu Georgia futhi naphaya ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika.

Isici esihlukile kulo mndeni yigazi elingenamibala, lapho kungekho khona i-hemoglobin namaseli abomvu egazi.

Ukudoba kwale zinhlanzi kuqala kuphela phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa azihlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo ovelele, ubude bomuntu omdala bungafinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa, nesisindo - amakhilogremu ayi-3.7. Unomzimba onqunu, okungenzeka ukuthi une-translucent, inhloko enkulu nomlomo omkhulu, onamazinyo abukhali.

Ukuqanjwa kwenyama yezinhlanzi zeqhwa kufaka cishe amaphesenti ayisikhombisa amanoni namaprotheni acishe abe yishumi nesikhombisa, okwenza kube mnene futhi kungabi ngamafutha. Ukuvumelana kwenyama kuxubile. Enye inzuzo yale nhlanzi ukuthi iphansi kakhulu amakhalori, angama-kilocalories angama-80 kuphela kumagremu ayikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama ye-ayisikhilimu ecebile ngamaminerali ahlukahlukene - i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-fluorine, kanye nenani elikhulu lamavithamini kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zokulandela. Izinhlanzi ze-Ice azinangqondo, kukhona kuphela umgodi, futhi azinalo iphunga lezinhlanzi elithile. Konke lokhu kwenza kukhangeke ngisho nakulabo bantu, ngomqondo ophelele wegama elithi "abakwazi ukumisa izinhlanzi,".

Futhi iqiniso lokuthi libanjwa emanzini e-Antarctic, okungukuthi, kwesinye sezifunda ezihlanzeke kakhulu emvelweni yoMhlaba, lenza le nhlanzi ihlanzeke, ingabi naziphi izinto eziyingozi.

Ukudla okuyisisekelo se-icefish kuyi-krill. Ngakho-ke, ngokusobala, unambitha emnandi kakhulu, inyama emnandi kancane, ekhumbuza i-shrimp ngokunambitheka kwakhe. Le nhlanzi ingukutholwa kwangempela kwalabo abanaka impilo yabo futhi bancamela ukudla kuphela okunempilo nokudla. Ngeshwa, muva nje, besingazazi zonke lezi zinzuzo ze-icefish, yize sasikwazi ukuyidla ngokoqobo njalo ngoLwesine kunoma iyiphi igumbi lokudlela elibizwa ngokuthi “usuku lwezinhlanzi”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeyigugu eliphansi kangangokuba bamane bamuphe amakati.

Izimbali nezilwane

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa (i-lat. Champsocephalus gunnari), noma i-pike emhlophe ejwayelekile, isimangaliso sangempela sendalo. Le nhlanzi iphila futhi izizwa imnandi emanzini abandayo ngendlela encomekayo, okushisa okuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwe-1-2 degrees Celsius.

Indlela yokuphila, isimilo

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zitholakala ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo ngokujula kuka-650-800 m.Bonga izici ezisobala zokwakheka kwegazi ezinamakhemikhali, ngenani elincane lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin egazini, abamele le zinhlobo bazizwa bekhululekile impela ekushiseni kwamanzi okungu-0 ° C noma ngaphansi kancane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yendlela yokuphila kanye nezici ezihlelekile, i-icefish ayinayo iphunga lezinhlanzi elithile elingajabulisi, futhi ukunambitheka kwalo inyama yale nhlanzi imnandi kancane, ithenda futhi imnandi kakhulu.

Indima enkulu enqubweni yokuphefumula inikezwe hhayi kumagilebhisi, kodwa esikhunjeni samaphiko nawo wonke umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibalo esiphelele senethiwekhi ye-capillary yalezinhlanzi sinkulu cishe kathathu kunendawo yokuphefumula gill. Isibonelo, kwikhebula lamaprotheni laseKerguelen, kunethiwekhi yokuxineka eminyene, ifinyelela kubude obuyi-45 mm nge-skwele ngalinye lesikwele.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo kungokwesigaba se-circmittent circantarctic. Uhla nezindawo ezihlala kuzo ikakhulukazi zenzelwe iziqhingi ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yengxenye esenyakatho yokuhlangana kwe-Antarctic. ENtshonalanga Antarctica, i-icefish itholakala eduze naseShag Rocks, eSouth Georgia Islands, eSouth Sandwich nase-Orkney Islands, kanye naseShetland South Islands.

Kuyathakazelisa! Emanziniamakhaza ajulile, i-icefish ithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi, okuqinisekiswa ngosayizi omkhulu wenhliziyo nomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu walesi sitho sangaphakathi.

Ubuningi buphiko olwaziwa ngeqhwa lubonwa eduze nesiqhingi saseBouvet kanye nomngcele osenyakatho we-Antarctic peninsula. E-East Antarctica, uhla lwezinhlobo lukhawulelwe emabhange naseziqhingini zomgodi ongaphansi komhlaba waseKerguelen, kufaka phakathi amakherishi esiqhingi saseKerguelen, iShchuchya, amabhokisi aseYuzhnaya naseSkif, kanye nezindawo zeziqhingi zaseMcDonald's kanye naseHeard.

Itholakala kuphi i-icefish, imvelaphi yayo

I-Pike-like whitefish, i-pike ejwayelekile enamakhanda amhlophe, noma i-icefish ejwayelekile - wonke la magama afihla isidalwa esifanayo.

I-Champsocephalus gunnari ingummeleli wombuso omkhulu wezilwane, ongusosayensi wezilwane, ongowokuzalwa eSweden, ohlukaniswa njengezigcawu, isigaba sezinhlanzi ezinamakhanda, ukuhleba okufana nokwedlule, uhlobo lwe-whitefish olunamaphiko kanye nomndeni wezinhlanzi ezinamakhanda amhlophe ngo-1905.

Indawo yemvelo yale nhlanzi emhlophe ingukujula okukhulu kwe-Antarctic, njengoba eminye imithombo isho, lesi sikebhe sakha amanzi olwandle ngokujula okungamamitha angama-400-700 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi.

Umlando wokutholwa kwe-ice pike namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Kude kakhulu. Ikhulu leminyaka, imboni ye-whaling yayiyinto ethandwa kakhulu futhi ephumelela kakhulu yemali engenayo kubahlali baseNorway. Kwakungabasebenzi balo msebenzi wobuciko, lapho bebuya ekhaya besuka kulolo hambo olulandelayo, batshela abantu bendawo indaba emangazayo yokuthi basolwa ukuthi bakwazile ukubamba inhlanzi eyisimanga, ngokungafani ngokuphelele nabo bonke abanye abahlala emanzini abandayo. Ukuhluka kwayo, ngokusho komkhomo, kwakuwukuthi inamanzi amhlophe noma obala ngokuphelele njengamanzi, ngenxa yalokhu kuhluka ngokomzimba bekubiza ngokuthi “iqhwa” noma “okumhlophe”. Abaningi, sebezwile le ndaba ebonakala ingenzeka ngempela, abaze babonisa ukubaluleka kwale ndaba, ngoba kuncane abangakuqamba noma okungahle kubonakale kubo laba basebenzi.

Kungemva nje kweminyaka eminingi, eminingi, ngo-1954, ososayensi baqala ukuyitadisha ngokucophelela le nhlanzi eyimfihlakalo futhi bathola isimanga - abasebenzi baseNorway babelungile, igazi lakhe lalingabomvu nhlobo, kunalokho, lalicishe libonakale ngokuthile okune-turbidity noma ngisho ne "nebula".Imfihlo yonke yalesi sici ukuthi i-hematocrit (umthamo wegazi wamaseli egazi) walesi siqhingi esihlala olwandle yi-zero, okungukuthi, noma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu noma ne-hemoglobin etholakala ezicini zayo ezithintekayo zeselula, ezinikeza umbala obomvu wegazi cishe kuwo wonke izinto eziphilayo.

"Akekho owazisa ukuthi yini anayo lapha nalapha manje" - le nkulumo, mhlawumbe, bekungashiwo nakancane ngokudla, kodwa esimweni se-icefish eSoviet Union, ilusizo olukhulu. Into ekhona ukuthi cishe ngo-1980, iMotherland yethu yaba nethuba lokuziqhenya ngemikhumbi yokudoba olwandle enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukubanjwa kanye nezinhlanzi ezinikezwa e-USSR zishaye wonke amarekhodi, inani lababanjiwe baseSoviet ngalinye lidlula kathathu ukubanjwa kwabadobi baseMelika nabesiNgisi. Ngenxa yokulethwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo evela emanzini olwandle, kufaka phakathi u-icefish, abantu bakithi abanakanga ukunakwa okukhethekile kule pike emangalisayo futhi bayithatha njengezinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngokuyisisekelo, baphamba ngamakati abo, ngoba ikhilogremu womkhiqizo wanamuhla emakethe babungama-60-70 kopecks. Akekho owayenesithakazelo kunoma yiziphi izakhiwo ezizuzisayo kanye nokunambitheka okhethekile kwe-whitefish evela e-Antarctic.

Ngemuva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ukunqotshwa kwemikhumbi yokudoba yaseRussia yaqala ukwanda kancane kancane, imikhumbi yaqala ngokushesha ukushiya olwandle, ukulungiswa kwemikhumbi yakudala nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi emisha kwamiswa usuku nosuku, futhi abantu baqala ukushiya umsebenzi wobuciko obunjalo nowedlule obudingeka njalo ngesinyathelo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlanzi ezinegazi elimhlophe zaqala ukuthunyelwa ezimakethe zaseRussia, kepha abathengisi bangaphandle base benenqubomgomo ehluke ngokuphelele kumanani wezinhlanzi. Izintandokazi ezifudumele zabantu baseRussia zazingasenalo ithuba lokujabulela ubumnandi banjengenyama ye-whitefish, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nabantu uqobo babengenakukwazi ukunethezeka.

Ngalesi sikhathi esingezinhlanzi, baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi kungani le-whitefish efana ne-pike ibiza kakhulu futhi ingafinyeleleki kwisisebenzi esivamile. Isixazululo sale mfihlakalo silula kakhulu futhi siyisisekelo. Imayelana nokuthandwa okukhethekile kwale nhlanzi ye-ray-fin. Cishe zonke izinhlanzi unyaka nonyaka ngisho nosuku lomjikelezo wazo wokuphila zithola inani elikhulu lezinto ezihlukile emanzini ahlala kuzo, ngamanye amagama, nangobudala, isitho sezinhlanzi singcolile kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zihlukile kulo mthetho, ngoba amanzi asezindaweni ezigadwe kulobu buhle be-Arctic angenye yezicwengeke kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngakho-ke inyama yale nhlanzi ayinazo izinto eziyingozi nezinhlanganisela. Akuyona inhlanzi uqobo lwayo, noma isidlo esenziwe ngomumo esivela kuyo esiveza iphunga elithile lezinhlanzi elifakwayo ezihlotsheni zayo eziningi, ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abangayidli imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi enjengayo ngenxa yokungabekezeleli le “phunga”. Ngokunambitha, inyama ye-ice pike isikhumbuza i-shrimp ethile. Kunombono wokuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-whitefish endaweni yayo yemvelo nayo ikhetha ukudla ngokwayo futhi ikhetha ikakhulukazi ukudla kwasemini - lawa ama-crustaceans amancane asolwandle ahlukahluka ngosayizi omncane kakhulu (kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-60 mm).

Akukhathaleki ukuthi umuntu ahluleke ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi i-perch-like whitefish akuyona nje inhlanzi, kumane kuyindawo yokugcina amavithamini namaminerali awusizo afana ne-potassium, i-fluorine, i-phosphorus nabanye abaningi. Uqukethe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayi-17-18 wamaprotheni amsulwa, kulokhu - kumane kungu-godsend yabantu abasazodla. Azikho nje izinto ezifana ne-magnesium ne-calcium ekumiselweni kwawo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu inyama yayo ilula kakhulu ukuyidla, emzimbeni we-ayisikhilimu cishe akunazicubu zamathambo.

Incazelo yokubonakala kwe-icefish

I-pike elula enesikhumba esimhlophe ingenye yalaba bameleli abangajwayelekile bomhlaba wezilwane weplanethi abangagcini nje okumnandi futhi abanempilo enhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi bathola ukubukeka okuvelele kakhulu kusuka emvelweni. Mhlawumbe bambalwa abantu ababenethuba elinjalo lokubona lokhu kudalwa okuhle kwendalo ekuhlaleni, kepha okungenani hhayi ngendlela eqandisiwe. Ngempela, kuze kube manje, cishe ukuphela kwendawo ahlangana kuyo ne-icefish ngamafasitela ezitolo zezinhlanzi ezitolo ezinkulu, izitolo zezinhlanzi kanye nezimakethe zemifino ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho alindela khona umthengi wakhe, ezimboze ungqimba lweqhwa neqhwa kusuka efrijini.

Kepha, uma ubunethuba lokubona lobu buhle buntanta ngokuzungeza i-aquarium, uzomangala ngobuhle nobukhulu begobolondo lakhe langaphandle.

Amapharamitha womuntu omdala angahluka, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokudla ezindaweni okuhlala kuzo i-icefish ethile, kanye nesimo sempilo yaso engokomzimba. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba salesi sakhamizi samanzi angama-perch-like samanzi ase-Antarctic sisuka ku-30 siye ku-80 cm, ububanzi besisindo somzimba buhluka kusuka kuma-gramu angama-200 kuye kwangama-1200.

Umzimba we-whitefish unqunu, wembuliwe ngokuphelele esikalini. Uma uyibheka eduze, uthola umbono wokuthi isobala ngokuphelele futhi ungabona umhlaba okukuzungeza emzimbeni wezinhlanzi zeqhwa, kepha lokhu akunjalo, ngenxa yokuthi azikho izinhlayiya ezibomvu zegazi egazini, isikhumba asinayo “inhlanzi emfushane” eyinqaba, ngakho-ke, ukukhanya komzimba wezinhlanzi kudala umphumela omangalisa kanjalo. Icala elihle labakhileyo kumanzi abandayo olwandle luhlotshiswe ngemichilo ebanzi ebekwa ngokuhlukile futhi ipendwe kumithunzi emnyama. Emzimbeni wale pike ye-raypike, ungabona kalula imigqa emide ye-longitudinal, imvamisa emibili noma emithathu yayo.

Ikhanda lezinhlanzi zeqhwa maqondana nosayizi womzimba wonke likhulu kakhulu, licishe lifane ngokwakheke futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, licwebeke engxenyeni ephezulu. Isakhiwo somlomo kanye nemihlathi emikhulu kufana kakhulu ne-pike, okuthi, kukho konke, kuholele kwelinye lamagama e-icefish, kwesinye isikhathi elibizwa ngokuthi i-pike yolwandle, okungelona iqiniso neze, ngoba leli gama linabamele abomndeni wezinhlanzi ohluke ngokuphelele.

Uma kwenzeka ubenethuba elihle lokubona le nhlanzi eyisimangaliso ibhukuda kothile e-aquarium futhi unesifiso esingenakuvinjwa sokucabanga indalo enhle kangaka yendalo ekhaya lakho, singasho ukuthi ngesikhathi sobuntu bethu bamuva akukho nje okungenakwenzeka. Futhi ukuthola isilwane esingajwayelekile futhi esingasijwayele kangako kusengokoqobo ngempela. Udinga nje ukubandakanyeka ngokungathi sína ekufuneni umuntu onjalo othengisa ama-squirrel amangalisayo hhayi kuphela ezitolo ezinkulu nasezitolo zokudlela, kodwa futhi nasezandleni zabathandi babafundi basekhaya abaxakile.

Ukufeza ukuthi i-ice pike yakho yasekhaya izazizwa ikhululekile futhi ithokomele ekhaya lakho, kuzodingeka usebenze kanzima, futhi, yebo, imfoloko.

Okokuqala, kufanele ucabange ukuthi uzohlala kuphi. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlanzi, ngokuhlala kwakhe emafulethini, udinga i-aquarium egcwele amanzi, ekhetha nje ingilazi yezindlu zalolo hlobo lwangempela lwasolwandle, ungakhohlwa ukuthi likhulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunazo zonke izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, njengama-guppies, mollies , ama-corfish we-catfish, ameva kanye nezinye "izilwane ezincane" ezincane ezisetshenziswe esikalini. Ngalesi sizathu, kuma-squirrels ajwayelekile, udinga ukukhetha indlu yobukhulu obunjalo, nomaphi lapho ingagcineki khona kuphela, kodwa futhi ingabhukuda ngokukhululekile uzungeze impahla yayo.

Uma unqume ukuthi udinga i-aquarium ene-icefish, khona-ke kungcono ukuthi le yindlu yakhe uqobo, akunakushiwo ukuthi ibeka engcupheni impilo yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kodwa izimo lapho esejwayele ukuhlala kuzo sezivele into ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinga lokushisa lamanzi elenza izinhlanzi ezinegazi elimhlophe lingama-2-7 degrees, okungezona zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezingamelana nalokhu. Mhlawumbe, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ungajwayela lesi sithandwa sezulu esibandayo esimeni sokushisa esamukeleka ngokwengeziwe, kepha udinga ukukwenza lokhu ngokukhulisa kancane kancane ukushisa kwamanzi ngamadigri angama-1-2, kodwa ekuqaleni ukuqhuba ngezimo zesimo sezulu ezijwayelekile.

Kunzima kakhulu ukufeza i-thermometer ephansi kangaka e-aquarium, ngoba lokhu ezitolo ezikhethekile zezilwane kukhona ithuba lokuthenga amadivaysi okhethekile okupholisa ama-aquariums asekhaya. Imininingwane eminingi yokuthi ungawakha kanjani lawo madivayisi ngezandla zakho ngaphandle kwezindleko ezikhethekile “zokuhamba” ekhasini le-Inthanethi. Kepha lokhu kufanelekile uma umuntu edinga ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngamadigri ambalwa, futhi esimweni sakho, udinga amanzi ukuthi abande kakhulu, futhi ugcine leli lokushisa lihlala likhona.

Ngeke sikushaye indiva iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zeqhwa endaweni yazo engokwemvelo zikhetha amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu ukuba zihlale kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ekhaya, inhlanzi yakho encane kufanele ihlale isemanzini ahlanzekile, ngoba akekho owaziyo ukuthi umzimba wayo obuhle uzophendula kanjani ekungcolisweni okuhlukahlukene.

Futhi olwandle, i-whitefish ithanda ukudla uhlobo oluthile lokudla okubilisiwe ngohlobo lwe-krill, ngakho-ke okokuqala ngqa ukuthola isidlo sayo esithandayo, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana inhlanzi isizivumelanise nemibandela ye-aquarium, ungazama futhi ukuyiphatha ngokudla okujwayelekile kwezinhlanzi.

Izinhlobo eziningana zomndeni wezinhlanzi ezinamakhanda amhlophe zibizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi zeqhwa. Isici sabo ukuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin namaseli abomvu egazini, ngakho-ke balithola leli gama. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala kuphela e-Antarctic. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-icefish yiGunnara, ehlala ikakhulukazi eziqhingini zase-Antarctic.

Ubude bezinhlanzi bungama-30-40 cm, ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu bangafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-70. Isisindo singama-0.3-1 kg. Isifaniso esikhulu kunazo zonke esibanjwe njengamaprotheni asisisindo esingu-2 kg ubude bomzimba esingu-66 cm.

Isidumbu senhlanzi singenalutho, sinamandla, sinemishayo ebanzi ebanzi. Ngenxa yohlobo lwegazi, amathoni abomvu awekho ngokuphelele kumbala wenhlanzi. Ikhanda licishe libe yingxenye yesine yobukhulu bomzimba, lithambekele phezulu futhi liphakeme kancane, linemihlathi emikhulu ye-toothy. Umlomo mkhulu futhi wenza cishe isigamu sobude bekhanda. Ngokubukeka, inhlanzi ifana kakhulu nepiki.

Amathambo e-icefish athambile, aphansi ku-calcium, futhi kunamathambo ambalwa.

Ukudla kwezinhlanzi zeqhwa

Izinhlanzi zeqhwa zingokwesigaba sabazingeli abajwayelekile. Izakhamizi zasemanzini ezingamelana nokubanda zithanda ukondla izakhamuzi zasolwandle ezingaphansi. Imvamisa, ama-squid, ama-krill nezinhlanzi ezinobukhulu baba yisisulu sabameleli abanjalo bekilanzi yezinhlanzi ezilinganiswe nguRay, i-perch efana nomndeni wezinhlanzi ezinegazi elimhlophe.

Ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo oyinhloko wokudla kwe-ayisikhilimu uyi-krill, inyama emnandi futhi ethambile emincane yendawo yokuhlala emanzini ikhumbuza omunye ukunambitheka kwayo kwe-prawns yenkosi.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Izinhlanzi ziyizilwane ezihlukanisiwe. Izinsikazi zakha amaqanda - amaqanda akhula ngaphakathi kwamaqanda. Zine-membrane ethambile nethambile, enikeza ukuchuma okusheshayo nokulula. Ehamba eceleni kwe-oviduct, amaqanda aphuma ngokuvuleka kwangaphandle okuseduze kwe-anus.

Abesilisa bakha isidoda. Zitholakala kuma testes abhanqiwe abizwa ngokuthi ubisi futhi amelela uhlobo lohlelo ngendlela yama-tubules angena kwi-duct ye-excretory duct. Ngaphakathi kwe-vas deferens kukhona ingxenye enwetshisiwe enwetshiwe, emelelwa yi-seminal vesicle. Ukuchithwa kwesidoda kwe-seminal fluid, kanye nokuqunjelwa kwamaqanda kwabesifazane, kwenziwa cishe kanyekanye.

Ama-Extremophiles, afaka abamele isigaba sezinhlanzi ze-Radioparidae, i-oda le-Perch nezinhlanzi ezinomndeni omhlophe, bakulungele inqubo yokuzala okusebenzayo kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka emibili. Esikhathini sekwindla, ekuhlakazeni, izinsikazi zibonwe kusuka kumaqanda amaningi ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu. Fry owazalwa ukondla kuphela nge-plankton, kepha ukhule futhi ukhule kancane.

Izitha zemvelo

Ngaphansi kwesikali senhlanzi i-extophilic Antarctic, kukhona into ekhethekile evimba umzimba ukuthi ungaboli emanzini abandayo. Ekujuleni kwezitha ezinkulu, abamele izinhlobo ze-Icy Fishing abanazo kakhulu, futhi basebenze kakhulu, cishe unyaka wonke ukudoba izinhloso zezentengiso kungaba yingozi ekhethekile enanini eliphelele.

Inani lokudoba

I-Icyfishfish inhlanzi ebalulekile yezentengiso. Isisindo esijwayelekile salezinhlanzi zasemakethe ezinjalo zingahluka phakathi kuka-100-1000 g., Ngobude obungama-25- 35 cm. Inyama ye-ice fish iqukethe inani lezakhi ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi i-potassium, phosphorus, fluorine nezinye izinto zomkhondo eziwusizo emzimbeni womuntu.

Ensimini yaseRussia ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo okuphezulu, futhi nangenxa yokude kakhulu nobunzima obukhethekile besifunda sokukhiqiza, i-icefish namuhla isesigaba samanani entengo ephezulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphansi kwemiboni yomkhakha wokudoba wesikhathi seSoviet, imikhiqizo enjalo yezinhlanzi yayiba ngeye-pollock and whiting blue, kuphela esigabeni samanani aphansi.

I-icefish engahambisani nokubandayo ineminyene, ithenda kakhulu, ayinawo amafutha ngokuphelele (2-8 g amafutha ngama-100 g wesisindo) nenyama ephansi (i-80-140 kcal nge-100 g) yenyama. Okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwamaprotheni kumayelana ne-16-17%. Inyama icishe ibe nelize. Izinhlanzi ze-Ice azinawo amathambo ezimbambo, kanye namathambo amancane kakhulu, kune-ridge ethambile futhi ecishe ifane.

Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ama-squirrels ahlala kuphela ezifundeni ezinemvelo kakhulu zemvelo yomhlaba wethu, ngakho-ke inyama yazo ebaluleke ibonakala ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezinto ezinobungozi.

Lapho upheka, kunconyelwa ukuthi kunikezwe izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezithambile kakhulu zokwenza ukucubungula, kufaka nokupheka okubilayo noma okwenziwe ngomusi. Ama-Connoisseurs ale nyama enjalo avame ukulungiselela i-aspic enambitha futhi enempilo evela ezinhlanzini zeqhwa, futhi eJapan, izitsha zenyama ezingavuthiwe ezivela kulo mhlali wasemanzini zithandwa kakhulu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Njengamanje, abamele ikilasi i-Radioparidae, i-oda le-Perch elifana nelezinhlanzi ezinomndeni omhlophe babanjwa yimifantu yanamuhla yokujula okuningana neziqhingi zaseNingizimu Orkney naseShetland, eSouth Georgia naseKerguelen. Inani eliphelele lezinhlanzi ezijulile ezibandayo ezibandayo minyaka yonke ezibanjwa kulezi zindawo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,0-4,5. Emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi, inhlanzi ibizwa nge-icefish, kanti emazweni aseSpain ibizwa nge-pez hielo.

Kuzoba nokuthakazelisa:

EFrance, abamele le zinhlobo ezibalulekile banikezwa igama elithi romisson des glights antarctique, elihunyushwa ngesiRussia ngokuthi "inhlanzi yeqhwa lase-Antarctic." Abadobi baseRussia namuhla ababambi “ibhakede leqhwa”, futhi izinhlanzi ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe ezibanjwa yimikhumbi zakwamanye amazwe ziwela emashalofini emakethe yasekhaya. Ngokusho kwemithombo eminingi yesayensi, okwamanje, uhlobo oluyigugu lwezentengiso oluhlala endaweni eyi-Antarctic alusongeli ukuqothulwa.

Izinzuzo nokulimala kwe-icefish

Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwe-icefish? Inikezwe izakhi eziningi zokulandelela ezilusizo kubantu, iqukethe ubuncane bamafutha namaphesenti amaningi amaprotheni. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, u-ayisikhilimu ungokwesigaba semikhiqizo yokudla. Ilusizo kubantu bemikhakha ehlukene yobudala, inenombolo enkulu yama-amino acid. Ukupheka emanzini kanye nomusi, ukubhaka, ukuhambisa - lezi zindlela zokwelashwa okushisa kuzosindisa izinzuzo zezinhlanzi.

Azikho izindawo ezilimazayo, okuwukuphela kokungabekezelelani komkhiqizo, ukungahambisani nemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi. Njalo qaphela usuku lwayo lokuphelelwa isikhathi ukuze ungafaki amathuba ubuthi bokudla. Musa ukufriza umkhiqizo uphinda, ubulala wonke umsoco. Akunconywa ukunikeza i-ayisikhilimu ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka ubudala.

Kungani ama-icefish ebiza kakhulu?

Eminyakeni yama-80s, izinhlanzi ezimthende zabanjwa ziningi, futhi zazifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi. Izindleko zakhe zaziphansi. Kungani ama-icefish ebiza kakhulu manje? Lokhu kungenxa yokuwa kwe-USSR, kanye nayo imboni yezokudoba. Umphumela - i-ice floe yabiza kakhulu, intengo yokulethwa yenyuka. Namuhla, ukubanjwa kwayo kungaphansi kokulawulwa, okubuye kuthinte intengo yokugcina yokuthengisa yalommeleli we-Antarctic fauna.

Ungapheka kanjani u-icefish

Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo udinga ukwelashwa okushisa okufanele. Ungapheka kanjani u-icefish? Izinto zokulandela, amaminerali aqukethe kuwo: i-potassium, i-iron, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, iodine, ngisho nesibabule nethusi kubalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Ukuze wandise ukugcinwa kwawo esitsheni esiqediwe, kufanele uhambisane nenye yalezi zindlela ezilusizo zokulungiselela ukukhwela okumhlophe:

ubilise umhluzi
bhaka kuhhavini
bhaka ku-hlupha
ukuntshontsha
Khipha.

Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina hhayi kuphela izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, kepha ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhlukile. Kubalulekile ukuyikhipha kahle: akumele kwehle izinga lokushisa, kungcono ukuyishiya ubusuku engxenyeni engezansi yesiqandisi. Kulula ukuhlanza nokusika iqhwa: ayinazikali, kuphuma kuphela amaphiko, umsila, okufakwa ngaphakathi, ikhanda (uma lifunwa). Akunalo iphunga lezinhlanzi elithile.

Ungadliwa ama-Icefish

Kukhona izindlela eziningi zokwenza i-icefish. I-pike emhlophe efakiwe ine-crrispy crust emangalisayo, ipheka ngokushesha. Fafaza isidlo ngama-anyanisi asosiwe, lokhu kuzonikeza izinhlanzi izinothi ezingeziwe zokunambitha. Ungazibhaka u-ayisikhilimu bese uthambisa imifino: izaqathe, u-anyanisi, ulamula, upelepele wensimbi. Ukunikela etafuleni, engeza kubo utamatisi omusha, ukhukhamba. Izinongo ezembula ukunambitheka kwayo kahle: i-thyme, i-ginger, i-lemon balm. I-Icefish izoba yisitsha esihle kakhulu selayisi, ingasebenza njengengxenye enkulu yesobho lezinhlanzi.

Kungcono ukuthi omama be-novice balandele izindlela zokupheka ngezithombe zezinyathelo ngezinyathelo - ukuze ufunde okuningi futhi ufunde ukuthi ungapheka kanjani u-icefish. Ngemuva kokuzama izithako ezahlukahlukene, izindlela zokupheka, khetha indlela yakho oyithandayo. Abanye abantu bathanda inhlanzi ethosiwe crispy, abanye bathanda isobho lezinhlanzi, kanti abanye bathanda u-ayisikhilimu obhakwe ushizi.

Incazelo nendawo yokuhlala

Izinhlanzi ze-Icefish zitholakala emanzini abandayo e-arctic. Emvelweni wemvelo, uhlala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-2000, ubheka imvelo enjalo ilungele impilo ejwayelekile. Kukhona omele amanzi emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-4 degrees Celsius kuya ku-2 degrees Celsius. Inhlanzi yondliwa ngokudla ama-crustaceans kanye ne-plankton encane.

I-Icefish ehlala olwandle ikhetha izindawo ezijulile lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu. Ukubanjwa kwenzeka e-Antarctic, entshonalanga koLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, eNorway. E-Russia, emashalofini ezitolo ungathola abamele abanobude obungamasentimitha angama-40, kuyilapho abantu abakhulu kakhulu befinyelela ubude amasentimitha angama-70. Izinhlanzi ze-Ice zinesisindo kusuka ku-300 kuya ku-1000 amagremu.

Umhlali omkhulu wasolwandle unomzimba ophansi, unamehlo amakhulu, uhlala ngaphezu kwe-16% yekhanda. Kunama-fins aphansi aphansi, kanye namaphiko we-ventral ngobude obuphakathi. Amaphiko e-Caudal, wona, abonakala nge-notch. I-icefish ihlukaniswa ngumzimba onqenqemeni onqunu, lapho imigwaqo ebanzi imnyama itholakala khona. Isilwane sidwetshwe ngombala wesiliva okhanyayo, isisu sivame ukuba mhlophe. Ama-dorsal, i-caudal ne-anal fins yombala omnyama omnyama.

Izici zegazi elincishwe obomvu ngombala wesilwane. Ubukhulu bekhanda leqhwa elibandayo yingxenye yesine yomzimba walo, kusukela phezulu lithambile futhi laphakeme. Ummeleli ubonakala ngemihlathi emikhulu ye-toothy. Ukuvula umlomo kukhulu, kunobude obulingana nengxenye yobukhulu besiqu. Ngaphandle, i-icefish ifana kakhulu nepiki. Ine-calcium encane kakhulu, ngakho-ke skeleton ithambile futhi icishe ibe nelize. I-Icefish yinhlanzi enenani lentengiso. Abantu abahlinzekwa emakethe banesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-1000 futhi ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-35.

Kungani kubiza kakhulu?

Umthengi ojwayelekile angamangala ngezindleko eziphakeme zeqhwa. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi le nhlanzi ingumbala. Okwesibili kungenxa yemikhawulo yokubamba, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokungenisa umkhiqizo eRussia. Ngisho eminyakeni engama-30 eyedlule, izindleko ze-ayisikhilimu zazingaphezu nje kovalo. Isizathu salokhu kwakuwukungabikho kwezintela eziphakeme, ezinomthelela oqondile kumanani wemakethe.

Izindleko zalo mkhiqizo zinesizathu, ngoba azimnandi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ziphephe ngokuphelele. Imvelo yezimpukane zeqhwa kuphela ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ngokwemvelo zemvelo yasemanzini, ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwezinto eziyingozi enyameni akuhlanganisiwe. Lapho uthenga i-ice floe ebizayo, kufanele ube nesibopho sokukhetha. Ukuze uthole hhayi kuphela umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme, omnandi, kepha futhi owusizo ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwepakethi yamaprotheni, udinga ukunaka amaphuzu anjengalawa:

ukufakwa kwezidumbu eziqandisiwe kufanele kube ukungasebenzi komoya,
kungcono ukumisa ukukhetha kulo lonke ikhophi elithengiswa nekhanda
ukugcwala kweqhwa kufanele kubonakale ngokuhlwa, ubuqotho, ukuntuleka kokwakhiwa kweqhwa,

Izinhlanzi ezintsha zeqhwa akufanele zibe nephunga langaphandle.

Ungapheka kanjani?

Zonke izinto zasolwandle zidinga ukwelashwa okufanele kokushisa. Ukuze ulondoloze izinzuzo nenani lomsoco lwe-icefish, kufanelekile ukulungiselela enye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

ubilisa umhluzi,
ukubhaka kuhhavini,
ukuthosiwe
eshaya
ukuqeda.

Ngenxa eyodwa yezinketho zokupheka ezingenhla, ungagcina hhayi kuphela ukwakheka, kepha ukunambitheka okumnandi kwenyama. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukupheka, i-pike kufanele icitshwe kahle; ngoba lokhu kufanele kushiywe kushelufu olungezansi kwesiqandisi. Ukuhlanza nokusika iqhwa ngeke kube nzima, ngoba lesi sakhamuzi sasemanzini asinazikali. Ukuze ulungiselele izinhlanzi, udinga ukususa amaphiko, umsila, izitho zangaphakathi, ikhanda uma kunesidingo.

Ehovini

Enye yezinketho eziwusizo kakhulu zokwenza i-icefish ukubhaka kuhhavini. Le nketho ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ukunambitheka okumnandi, okuyi-shrimp, kanye nokusizakala kwenyama. Ukulungiselela i-pike emhlophe kuhhavini, akuthathi isikhathi esiningi. Ngemuva kokuhlanza isidumbu, sisakazwa ngamafutha, sifafazwe ngamakha ahlukahlukene bese sifafazwa ngejusi kalamula. Ngemuva kokulungiselela, umkhiqizo ugoqwa nge-foil bese ubekwa ephepheni lokubhaka. Bhaka u-ayisikhilimu imizuzu engama-20-30. Imizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuphela kokupheka, i-foil iqala ukwenzeka, lo mcimbi ukhuthaza ukwakheka kokhilimu omnandi.

Epanini

Inketho emnandi kakhulu yokwenza izinhlanzi zeqhwa uyiwuthaya epanini. Ukuze inhlanzi ibonakale ngokuba khona kokugcwala kokufisa, kufanele igoqwe ngokufaka isinkwa, okubandakanya ufulawa oxutshwe, isikhupha seqanda, amakhambi omisiwe, usawoti kanye nopelepele. Ungayigcoba yonke inhlanzi, izingcezu noma izihlakala. Ukupheka osezingeni eliphakeme, umkhiqizo uthosiwe ngaphezu kokushisa okuphakathi nendawo okuphezulu ku-bhotela noma emafutheni wemifino.

Le ndlela yokulungiselela ingenzeka usebenzisa i-batter, elungiselelwe ngesisekelo samaqanda, amanzi nofulawa, oxutshwa kuze kube yilapho kungaguquki ukuvumelana okuhle. Le ndlela yokulungiselela ayisho ukuthi kwakhiwe uqweqwe, kepha inhlanzi izoba namanzi futhi ithambe. Ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi, amaqabunga e-basil abekwa epanini.

Izindlela zokupheka ezidumile

Kukhona iresiphi engaphezu kweyodwa yokwenza i-icefish. I-pike emhlophe ibonakala ngokupheka okusheshayo, kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. I-Passerovy anyanisi, okufanele ifafazwe ngokudla kwasolwandle, ihamba kahle ngalo mkhiqizo. Lapho ukhonza, isidlo sezinhlanzi singafakelwa imifino emisha, izinongo nezitsha zerayisi eziseceleni.

Okwezingane

Isitsha esilungiselelwe ngokuya ngale ndlela yokupheka silula, kuzothatha imizuzu engama-20, kuyilapho okuqukethe ikhalori kungama-84 Kcal ngamagremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo. Ngemuva konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izingane zingangeniswa ekudleni u-ayisikhilimu othosiwe, ngoba zingagcwala umzimba ngama-phosphorus namavithamini. Ukulungiselela isidlo sezingane, kufanelekile ukulungiselela i-1 kilogalamu ye-ayisikhilimu, usawoti omncane namafutha zemifino. Inhlanzi kufanele inqunywe izingxenye zefilimu, igezwe futhi inosawoti. Ngemuva kwalokho inqunywa kube izingxenye, ayikho enkulu kuno-4 amasentimitha. Ukudla kwasolwandle kumele kuthunyelwe ebhuthini elingabili imizuzu engama-20.

Izithako ezilandelayo ziyadingeka ukwenza inkambo yokuqala enamakha futhi emnandi ye-ayisikhilimu:

0.5 amakhilogremu enhlanzi,
1 isanqante
U-1 anyanisi,
4 amazambane
0.5 ulamula
ushukela omncane,
usawoti kanye nemifino.

Ngemuva kokuba inhlanzi ihlanziwe futhi igeziwe, kufanele isikwe futhi ithunyelwe ukubilisa emanzini anosawoti isigamu somzuzu. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, inyama idinga ukususwa, nomhluzi ophumayo uhlungiwe. Imifino esisikiwe, usawoti, ingcosana kashukela kanye nemifino kufanele kuthunyelwe kulolo ketshezi. Ngemuva kokuba imifino iphekwe ngokuphelele, udinga ukubeka ukudla kwasolwandle kumhluzi. Indishi ilungele eyokuqala.

Ama-cutlets

Izinsimbi ezintekenteke zezinhlanzi ezi-gourmet zilungiswa kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo elandelayo:

Amagremu angama-50 kokhilimu omuncu,
2 izaqathe
2 anyanisi,
Iqanda eli-1
1 kilogalamu weqhwa
imifino, usawoti ukunambitha kanye nama-breadcrumbs.

Isidumbu sezinhlanzi kufanele sikhululwe esibondeni, bese kuthi lo fillet udluliswe nge grinder yenyama. I-anyanisi izaqathe uthathe ama-cubes, gazinga bese uthumela kwinhlanzi. Ukuthungwa kufanele kudluliswe kabusha nge-grinder yenyama, bese kuxutshwa no-ukhilimu omuncu, usawoti, upelepele neqanda. Ukusuka kwisisindo esivele lapho kwenziwa amaqebelengwane, uwagcobe kuma-breadcrumbs nakuFry.

Kumpheki ohamba kancane

Sebenzisa umpheki ohamba kancane kuzokwenza inqubo yokulungiselela i-icefish ibe lula futhi isheshe. Ukuze ulungiselele i-pike emhlophe engu-0.7 kg, udinga u-anyanisi eziningana, ukhilogremu 200 kokhilimu, ucezu oluncane lweshizi, usawoti, isithokelo namafutha omifino amancane. U-ayisikhilimu kufanele ancibilikiswe, aphekwe futhi asikwe izingxenye. Ama-anyanisi ama-anyanisi kufanele adluliselwe endishini yokuphekela ehamba kancane. Lapho imifino iba sobala, kufanelekile ukubeka izinhlanzi kuyo, kuyisawoti bese kuyisizini ngezinongo ukunambitha. Ngokwesisekelo ushizi no-ukhilimu, kufanele kwenziwe isoso elibushelelezi lapho isidlo sithululelwa futhi siphekwe imizuzu engama-20 kuze kube yilapho sekwakheka ukuvuvukala.

Jellied

Ukulungiselela i-aspic yezinhlanzi, lezi zithako ezilandelayo ziyadingeka:

Amagremu ayi-1000 e-ice
U-1 anyanisi,
1 isanqante
Amagremu angama-20 e-gelatin
1 iqabunga le-bay
Upelepele abahlanu,
Amagremu ama-60 we-cranberry,
Ama-3 amahlumela weparsley no dill ongaka
0, 5 lemons,
Amagremu angama-90 amanzi
Amagremu ayi-100 omnqumo,
usawoti kanye nopelepele ukunambitha.

U-ayisikhilimu kufanele ancibilikiswe bese uhanjiswa kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo. Sika ikhanda kusuka kwesidumbu, uhlukanise amaphiko abe izingxenye. I-pike kufanele ifakwe epanini, ithululelwe ngamanzi futhi, engeza iqabunga le-bay, imifino, ulamula, upelepele, ubilise ingxenye yesine yehora. Umhluzi ophuma kufanele uhlungiwe. Cwilisa i-gelatin kumamililitha ayikhulu amanzi, bese uyifaka kumhluzi. Uketshezi kufanele lufudunyezwe ngaphandle kokubilisa. Imifino ebilisiwe, iminqumo, inyama yenhlanzi kanye nemifino kufanele kufakwe kumapuleti. Ngemuva kwalokho imikhiqizo igcwele umhluzi.

Isitsha kufanele sibambe amahora ayi-8 esiqandisini.

Ukuze ulungiselele izitsha ezinamakha nezinamafutha ezivela ku-icefish, ungasebenzisa izincomo ezilandelayo:

ngesikhathi sokuthambisa izinhlanzi zeqhwa, uwoyela wemifino akufanele uthele epanini, kungcono ukunisela umkhiqizo uvela phezulu,
ukuthosa kufanele kusheshe futhi ngasikhathi sinye epanini elishisayo,

Kufanele kube nebanga phakathi kwezingcezu zenhlanzi ukuqinisekisa ukupheka okungcono,

ukupheka isobho akufanele kube isikhathi eside, esanele imizuzu engama-20 ngemuva kokubilisa, ukuze isidlo sokuqala sikulungele,
ukuze u-ayisikhilimu anganamatheli ku-grill ngesikhathi sokuthosa, kufanele afafazwe ngamafutha zemifino,
ukubhaka isidumbu sonke kusiza ekugcinweni okukhulu kwamavithamini nezimpawu zokunambitha.

Ingabe ine-analogues?

Ukubonakala kweqhwa kukhumbuza i-pike. Ukwahlulela ngokubuyekezwa kwabathengi, le nhlanzi ayinazo izifaniso; inyama yayo ifana ne-beluga, ikatfish. Vele, ungangena esikhundleni se-ayisikhilimu ekudleni, ngoba kuyabiza. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kuyimvelo futhi kuphephile, kulokhu, akekho omunye ummeli wasolwandle ongaqhathaniswa neqhwa. Uma kwikhawuntara yezitolo noma esitolo senhlanzi bekuyinhlanhla eyanele yokuthola ibhakede leqhwa, khona-ke akufanele udlule kulo mkhiqizo. I-icefish elungiselelwe kahle ingukudla okumnandi okuzoletha ubumnandi obuningi.

Bona ukuthi ungapheka kanjani izinhlanzi zeqhwa ezithosiwe kuvidiyo elandelayo.

IQALILE kuphi i-ICE FISH? Ngezinsuku ze-USSR, kwenzeka ukuthi uye esitolo seNhlanzi uyothenga izinhlanzi zeqhwa ezifriziwe ngodayi. Ngesidlo sakusihlwa uzothambisa izidumbu ezincane ngogwebu - uzokhotha iminwe yakho! Okuthile okuxakile kwenzeka kule nhlanzi namuhla. Icycy ikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izitolo inyamalala ngokuphelele! Kwenzenjani? Sizothola. Okokuqala, ulwazi oluncane mayelana ne-icefish: I-Orfish ejwayelekile, noma i-whitefish efana ne-pike, noma i-pike ejwayelekile enekhanda elimhlophe - izinhlanzi zomndeni wezinhlanzi ezinamakhanda amhlophe. Ihlala emanzini e-Antarctic. Igazi lakhe empeleni alibomvu, njengawo wonke ama-vertebrates, kepha alinombala, acishe afane namanzi, ngoba lingenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhlukile futhi ngenxa yokude nokuxakaxaka kwesifunda sezimayini, kungokwesigaba sentengo se- "premium". Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, u-icefish wabiza ama-kopecks angama-70 ngekhilogremu ngalinye futhi amakati ayondliwa ngalo. E-USSR, kwakhulunywa kancane ngenani le-icefish, kodwa kwatholakala okuningi. Ukunambitheka kwe-ayisikhwebu akunakuthengiswa ngempela. Emanzini ase-Antarctic, le nhlanzi idla kakhulu i-krill, ngakho-ke inyama yayo inephunga elimnandi le-shrimp shrimp. I-Icy ice ayinawo amathambo, futhi ibanga ngokwalo lithambile futhi kulula ukulihlafuna, ngoba liqukethe inani elincane le-calcium. Njengoba iqhwa lihlala ezifundeni ezihlala imvelo kakhulu emhlabeni, lingabhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezihlanzeke kakhulu, alinazinto eziyingozi. Hhayi izinhlanzi ezinhle nje! Manje-ke kwenzekeni, kungani wanyamalala emashalofini, futhi kwahlala kuphi, lapho-ke kubiza kathathu ukwedlula i-pork tenderloin? Impendulo yaba elula kunazo zonke. Izinhlanzi zeqhwa eRussia seziyinto edonswayo ngoba ezweni lethu kuye kwaba nokuwohloka ngokuphelele komkhakha wokudoba. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-20, iRussia entsha yonakalise amagugu acebile e-USSR. Futhi inhlanzi eyisimangaliso yayingeyona neze into futhi kwakungekho muntu ongayibamba. Imikhumbi yokudoba enkulu kakhulu yasolwandle emhlabeni yenziwa eSoviet Union, okubandakanya: ukudoba, ucwaningo, imikhumbi yokuvikela izinhlanzi, izinhlaka zokulungisa izinhlanzi. Ngo-1980, ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi nge-capita ngayinye kwakungu-36 kg (e-United States 16 kg, e-UK 15 kg). Ngo-1989, abadobi baseSoviet babamba izinhlanzi eziyizigidi eziyi-11,2 zezinhlanzi, ezazingamakhilogremu angama-56 ngephepha ngalinye. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwe-USSR ngo-1991, imikhumbi yokudoba yaseRussia ishiye olwandle, kubandakanya i-Antarctica, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi zeqhwa. Iziphathimandla zabhala futhi zathengisa ingxenye yemikhumbi eya eceleni. Kungokwesikhathi kuphela 1991-1995. Imikhumbi incishisiwe isuka emikhunjini eyizinkulungwane eziyi-3,2 kuye kwezingu-2,5, okungukuthi, ngamayunithi angama-700, futhi yaqhubeka nokuwohloka nokuphelelwa ngamandla. Ukukhanselwa okukhulu kwemikhumbi kuholele ekungasebenzini kwabantu abaningi, kwaqubuka ibutho labazingeli, ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwemikhumbi yokudoba kumile, izitshalo zashiywa ngaphandle komyalo, abaningi babo baphuka."I-perestroika" enjalo iholele ekuweni kwenani lezinhlanzi ngezikhathi ezingaba ngu-2.4, nasemapulazini ahlanganayo okudotshwa - ngezikhathi ezi-6. UMnyango Wezokudotshwa kwempahla wahlakazwa futhi kwasungulwa iKomidi Lezokudoba. Ngemuva kwalokho yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iKomidi Lokudoba Lombuso le-Russian Federation, futhi kamuva - i-Federal Agency for Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Konke lokhu kukhuluma ngokuwohloka kanye nokulahleka kwabaphathi bezokudoba. Imikhumbi eyakhiwe eSoviet iguge ngokuphelele, futhi sonke isikhathi seRussia entsha, umongameli kanye nohulumeni abakaze bahlele ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yokudoba. Kepha amaJapan namaShayina asizama, njengoba ayesazi kahle izindawo zethu zokudoba futhi esezingeni eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bokudoba osolwandle.

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