Njenge-bluefin, i-barracuda ithola inyamazane yayo ngokubona. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani neLufar, i-barracuda imvamisa iyiphutha, futhi amaphutha ayo abonise kaningi ukuthi ayabulala - kubantu. Iningi lamacala esikwaziyo ngokuhlaselwa kwabantu nge-barracuda - futhi kukhona amacala angaba ngamashumi amane - kusobala ukuthi yingoba i-barracuda yathatha ingxenye yezingubo zokubhukuda noma isembatho senhlanzi encane, evame ukusebenza njengokudla kwayo.
Ekhuluma ngokuhlaselwa kwe-barracuda kubantu, bahlala besho lokho okuthiwa yi-barracuda enkulu (Sphyraena barracuda) - enkulu kunazo zonke yezinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili ezihlala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. I-barracuda enkulu, efinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-1,8 futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-45, ifana kakhulu nepiki enkulu enemihlathi emide, ekhombisa ukuqina, enamazinyo amise okwama-awl. Umzimba we-barracuda mncane kangangokuba ungasayiboni ebunzini, le nhlanzi inomkhuba ongemuhle ngokweqile wokunyamalala ngokuzumayo, ivele ngokungazelele futhi inyamalale futhi, ibenyeze ngohlangothi lwe-silvery.
IBarracuda inegama elibi. U-Lermond, owabhala nge-barracuda kumagazini i-Science of the Sea, oshicilelwe yi-US Navy, ubiza kakhulu ukuthi “unengozi futhi uyingozi,” futhi uL. Mowbray, uchwepheshe wezinhlanzi owaziwayo, wabhala emagazini ka-November weNew Bulletin I-York Zoological Society "yango-1922 ukuthi i-barracuda" ngokungangabazeki inolaka nolwedlula zonke izinhlanzi zasolwandle. " UDkt Mowbray uphinde waveza ukuthi amakhulukhulu ama-barracudas ajwayele ukuhlangana futhi ahlasele izikole eziminyene zezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ama-barracudas aginya lonke inyamazane encane, bese isisulu esikhulu sinqunywa sibe yizicucu bese sithathwa ngulowo nalowo. Isilonda esibi sisalokhu silunywa yi-barracuda: imigqa emibili eqondile yamazinyo ibhoboza isikhumba, isisonga emigqeni ehambisanayo, ukulunywa koshaka, ngokungafani nokulunywa kwe-barracuda, kushiya uphawu olufana nencwadi "U". Ama-barracudas amancane ajwayele ukubhukuda ezikoleni, kepha abantu abadala kanye nabantu abakhulu bazingela bodwa futhi bahlangane kuphela uma kunesinyamazane esiningi.
Idumela elibi le-barracuda lisusela emuva kuhambo lokuqala lokuya eMhlabeni Omusha. Ngo-1665, u-Lord de Rochefort wabhala "kwi-Natural History of the Antilles" ukuthi phakathi "kwezilo zamanzi lezi, ezihaha ngobuntu, kukhona iBekuns (abomdabu baseWest Indies abizwa nge-barracuda. - E. R.) - okunye kokubi kakhulu. Ebona inyamazane, yena, njengenja enegazi, uyamphuthuma ngentukuthelo. Ubuye azingele abantu emanzini. "
Izinganekwane zigcina ama-barracudas, njengoshaka, aphethe inyama yabamele izinhlanga nezizwe ezithile. AbaseBrithani, abahamba ngomkhumbi baya eWest Indies ngekhulu le-18, babika ukuthi ama-barracudas ayezimisele kakhulu ukudla abamnyama, amahhashi nezinja kunabantu abamhlophe, kanti amaFulentshi akholelwa ukuthi ukungatholi umuntu omnyama esidlweni sakusihlwa, u-barracuda wayefuna iBrithani, futhi uma kungenjalo nje, Ukuluma isiFulentshi. Kwenye indaba, okuvela kuyo umthombo ongaziwa, kuthiwa, lapho esethole umuntu waseNgilandi nomuntu ongumFulentshi eduze, u-barracuda uyaqala ukunambitha umuntu waseNgilandi, ngoba udla inyama yenkomo futhi inyama yakhe imthanda kahle umhlaseli.
UJ .R Norman noF.S. Fraser baseBritish Museum of Natural History babhale encwadini ethi "Giant Fish, Whales and Dolphins" ukuthi "i-barracuda ayenqikazi ukuhlasela ababhukudi" futhi "ingelinye lamanoni amabi kakhulu olwandle." Encwadini ka-Norman, i-The History of Fisher, eyabhalwa ngonyaka we-1931 futhi yaphinde yathunyelwa ngonyaka ka-1963 ngaphansi kokuhlelwa kabusha kukaR. H. Greenwood, u-barracuda ubizwa ngokuthi "hhayi okubi kakhulu kuphela, kepha futhi ngesibindi."
Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kwe-barracuda kubantu kwenzeka ngo-1873 oLwandlekazi i-Indian endaweni yesiqhingi saseMauritius, lapho kwatholakala khona i-dodo eyake yatholakala1. Okunye ukuhlaselwa okwenziwe kabanzi ngo-1922, lapho isisulu, owesifazane osemncane egeza emanzini asogwini lwaseFlorida, efa ngokulahleka kwegazi. Ukuhlaselwa okwenzeka endaweni yaseSt Augustine eFlorida ngonyaka we-1947 kanye nasendaweni yase-Key West ngonyaka we-1952 nango-1958 nakho kuphele ekufeni kwabantu. NgoJulayi 1956, iMiami Herald yabika ukuthi owesifazane oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili egeza ebhishi eMiami Beach wahlaselwa yi-barracuda. U-Barracuda walimaza amanxeba amakhulu emilenzeni.
Iningi lokuhlaselwa kwakuse emanzini anodaka, lapho izinhlanzi zibona zimbi kunokwejwayelekile. Ngokungafani noshaka, abaqala ukushaya ukushaya, bese bephinda futhi bephinda behlasela, ama-barracudas ahlasela kube kanye kuphela, ngokushesha abulale futhi agwinye izinhlanzi ezincane, eziba yisisulu sazo. Emanzini ahlanzekile, acwebile, abantu bavusa ilukuluku nje kancane nge-barracuda. Lokhu kuqashelwa kanye neqiniso lokuthi, ukuhlasela umuntu, i-barracuda yenza ngqo le nkomba njengoba kuhlasela izinhlanzi ezincane, kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi, uma ehlasela umuntu, i-barracuda ayifisi nakancane ukudla inyama yomuntu. Ingozi yangempela yokushayisana ne-barracuda akukhona ukuthi umuntu uzodliwa ephila, kodwa ukuthi angafa noma amanzeke ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwegazi noma ubuthakathaka.
Njengoba umhlaziyi odonsa i-barracuda ukuthi ihlasele ngamehlo, uhlala egijimela ezintweni ezicwebezelayo - ngokwesibonelo, amawashi noma namasongo. Kuyakhangwa futhi nokudlidliza okwenziwe ukufuthelwa yizinhlanzi ngasekupheleni kwejele. UDonald R. de Silva waseNyuvesi yaseMiami Institute of Marine Sciences eyashicilelwa ngonyaka we-1963 ukulandisa okuningiliziwe kokuhlaselwa kwe-barracuda kubantu. Ubika ukuthi ukwazile ukuvusela u-barracuda ulaka, esebenzisa izinhlanzana ezincane eziphilayo ezitshalwe ejele njengezithiyo. UDkt de Silva uyanezela, nokho, ukuthi, ama-barracudas ngokwemvelo avela kumamitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude, atholakala ogwini lweBahamas nasogwini lwaseFlorida, akakaze abe nolaka.
UNixon Griffis, ongumhlaziyi we-scuba diver, owayengumongameli we-American Literary Society, ukholelwa ukuthi i-barracuda enesizungu, uma iphazamisekile ngesikhathi sokulala, ayisihluku, kepha ama-barracudas amaphakethe awazange amkhathaze. Ama-barracudas engihlangane nawo ngenkathi ukubhukuda eziqhingini zaseBahamas nasePuerto Rico ayenokuthula, nokho, amanzi lapho ahlala ecacile futhi ehlanzekile. Izivakashi eziningi zigeza phambi kwamahhotela okunethezeka eSan Juan phakathi kwezikole ze-barracuda ezincane futhi azikuqapheli. Ngisho nama-barracudas amancane, angamamitha awakhombisi ukwesaba lapho umuntu eza kuwo, kepha nawo awamhlaseli. Ngivame ukuvumela amadodakazi ami amancane ukuba abhukuduze eduze kwe-barracudas engamamitha.
Ukuhamba nge-scuba diving ogwini lwesiqhingi saseBig Bahama endaweni yaseFree Port, ngake ngabona i-barracuda enkulu, engamamitha amaningi ubude ibhukuda isikhathi eside eduze nendawo esebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi "Hydrolab". IBarracudas imvama ilele ngaphansi kwesembozo sezingodo, ama-moorings kanye nezihibe zamatshe, futhi lesi siqhwaga, ngokusobala, sasithanda ilabhoratri yensimbi: lahlala isikhathi eside eduze kweHydrolab. Ngangihlala ngigqolozela kuye, ngibhukuda ngiye egumbini lokucwaninga noma ngimshiye, kuyilapho i-barracuda inganginaki. URobert Wickland, obhekele isimo seHydrolab, ungitshele ukuthi le nhlanzi ayihluphanga muntu. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi amanzi asendaweni yaseGidrolaba acacile futhi esobala, futhi ibanga lokubonakala lakhona lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-120.
Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi i-barracuda icishe ibe yingozi kubantu lapho ikwazi ukuyihlukanisa nenhlanzi esivame ukuyizingela. Kepha emanzini anodaka, ubukhazikhazi besongo, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kwengalo noma umlenze - ikakhulukazi umuntu onesikhumba esihle - kungenza i-barracuda yenze ukuphonsa, umphumela wawo kwesinye isikhathi obulalayo.
- 1. IDodo, noma iDodo (Raphidae) - omunye wemindeni yamaqembu amajuba (Columbae noma AmaColumbunifomu) Abamele lo mndeni batholakale eziqhingini zaseMauritius, Bourbon naseRodriguez. AbaseYurophu bokuqala abathola isiqhingi saseMauritius ngonyaka we-1598 banikeza inyoni igama elithi "dodo" ngenxa yokungakhathali ("dodo" ngesiPutukezi esisho "isiwula"). AmaDodos ayizinyoni ezinkulu ezindizayo ezingenabhanoyi. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezitha ezinamandla, ama-dodo alahlekelwa amandla okuzivikela, okuholele ekuqothulweni kwawo ngokushesha okungavamile. - Qaphela bomvu.
Kubukeka kanjani
Izinhlanzi zeBarracuda zinomzimba omude, ombozwe ngezikali ezincane. Umlomo omkhulu uhlezi namazinyo amakhulu futhi abukhali, umhlathi ophansi ubonakala kakhulu phambili. Ngenxa yamuva, i-barracuda ibukeka inyantisa kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukubukeka okunamandla kwenhlanzi kuhambelana nomlingiswa wayo onolaka. I-Barracudas ayikhulisi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2 ubude, ngobude obunjalo isisindo asikho ngaphezu kwama-50 kilogramu. Imvamisa, abamele lo mndeni abadluli kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude, futhi ezinye izinhlobo azinkulu nhlobo - kufinyelela engxenyeni yemitha ubude.
Ngokuyisisekelo, ukubukeka okunamandla kwenhlanzi kuhambelana nomlingiswa wayo onolaka. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-barracuda ingatholakala ezansi ekujuleni.
Uhlala kuphi
Zonke izinhlobo ze-barracuda zihlala olwandle olushisayo nolwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic, Indian kanye ne-Pacific. Okuvame kakhulu eBahamas, eFlorida, eCuba, eGulf of Mexico naseCaribbean. IBarracuda kaningi itholakala ekujuleni okukhulu ekujuleni okukhulu, lapho icasha khona phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini namatshe ngokulindela ukudla. IBarracudas ihlala ilambile, ngakho-ke ichitha sonke isikhathi sayo ifuna ukudla. Ama-Barracudas adliwa yizo zonke izinhlanzi, ama-squid, ama-crustaceans kanye nezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle ezinobukhulu bazo azidluli usayizi womhlaseli uqobo. Kaningi, ama-barracudas nawo azingela izinhlanzi ezincane zohlobo lwazo.
Ingozi ebantwini
Amacala amaningi okuhlaselwa kwe-barracuda kubantu achaziwe. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukukhula ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ngesikhathi zihlasela zibhukuda ziye kumuntu ngejubane lombani, zisuse ucezwana lwenyama emzimbeni ngamazinyo abukhali futhi amvamisa futhi zisuka nje ziye ohlangothini zilungiselele ukuhlasela okulandelayo. Amazinyo kaBarracuda ashiya ama-lacerations amakhulu. Imvamisa, i-barracuda ihlasela abantu emizimbeni yamanzi enamanzi anodaka noma ebusuku, ngoba imilenze nezingalo zomuntu obhukuda noma i-scuba diver emanzini anodaka ziyefana nokunyakaza kwezinhlanzi. Umhlaseli uthatha izingxenye zomzimba womuntu ngokubhukuda nenhlanzi futhi azihlasele. Izwa ukunambitheka kwegazi, i-barracuda ngeke isakwazi ukuma futhi isigcwalise isisu sayo ngokulangazela. Inyama yezinhlobo ezithile ze-barracuda inobuthi.
Moray eel
Ama-Moray eels ahlala olwandle emhlabeni jikelele lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liyananela khona. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ubude obuqoshwe phansi bomzimba we-moray eel cishe bube ngamamitha amane.
Moray eel
Yize lezi zinhlanzi zingenawo umbono obukhali, zihlala zithola inyamazane. Umuzwa wabo wephunga uphakeme kane kune-canine. Ubukhulu bama-eel moray buyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlobo ezikuzo, okunye ukuwohloka kudlula usayizi wesandla somuntu, abanye kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude. Yize isikhumba sale nhlanzi singavikelwe esikalini, asiyona engcupheni, siyolimala emaphethelweni abukhali wezihibe, umzimba waso wonke umbozwe ungqimba obukhulu be-mucus, futhi lokhu kuvikela inhlanzi ekulimaleni kwangaphandle.
Kungani i-moray eel ihlala ivula umlomo wayo?
Naphezu kobukhulu obunesizotha salaba bantu abahlaselayo, indlela yabo yokuvula nokuvala imilomo ibukeka iyesabeka kakhulu. Yize empeleni empeleni lo mkhuba ungahlotshaniswa nokwesabisa, kepha nangomoya we-moray eels, uvula umlomo, ukhipha amanzi acebile komoya nge-gills. Kodwa-ke, uma umlomo uhlala uvulekile, kudingeka uqaphele, i-moray eel ingena kalula ekuhlaselweni, ivale umlomo wayo ngaso leso sikhathi. Uma ubuka ukushayelwa, ungathola ukuthi anamazinyo anamandla futhi agwegwe kangakanani. Ukulunywa kwale nhlanzi kuyingozi kakhulu, amazinyo ayo akagcini kuphela ebukhali kakhulu, kepha futhi angcolile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukulunywa yi-moray kungadala ukuvuvukala okukhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, nawo alunywe, ukulunywa kube munye futhi ohlukunyeziwe ngeke esakwazi ukuphunyuka. Umzimba oguquguqukayo, onemisipha wama-moray eels ungangena ku-crevice emincane kakhulu.
Ama-Moray eels akhetha ukufihla emihumeni nasemifantwini phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, futhi kuvame ukushiya indawo yokuhlala kuphela ebusuku ukuze azingele. Emini ubona kuphela ikhanda lale nhlanzi linamathele ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela; njengomthetho, bekulokhu kusetshenziswa umhume ofanayo impilo yonke yonke. Ama-elay amakhulu amakhulu ase-moray angaba nezindawo zokukhosela eziningana, kwesinye isikhathi kude le-200 amamitha ukusuka komunye nomunye. Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ezihlanzayo zihlala ndawonye ne-moray eels, ama-eay e-moray avula imilomo yazo, futhi ohlanzayo asuse imfucumfucu yokudla eboshelwe phakathi kwamazinyo akhe, lokhu kungumbimbi onenzuzo futhi, futhi ama-eay Moray awazidli. Le nhlanzi ithanda ukudla ebusuku futhi isebenzisa isembozo sobumnyama ukubamba inyamazane elele. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ntambama ulambile kakhulu ukuthi angazinaki zonke lezi zibiliboco ezigcwele nxazonke.
Ama-eel Moray akayona into emfushane, kepha anephunga elinjalo lokuthi kungcono ukungazihlanganisi nawo. Indawo enkulu engaphakathi kwempumulo ibenza bazwele kakhulu ngamakha. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela ebusuku, umuzwa owengeziwe wephunga wenzelwa ukungaboni kahle, ngakho-ke ngenxa yokuphepha, ezinye izinhlanzi zingcono ukuhlala kude nezixhobo zamakhorali.