Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezimfudu ezingavamile zaseMadagascar kuhlobo. Uhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN kanye nesithasiselo I seNgqungquthela Yezokuhwebelana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe kubandakanya ufudu olukhazimulayo A. radial a kanye nesifudumezi esifubeni saseMadagascar A. yniphora. Izithonjana: Ama-Astrochelys yniphora, Angonoka yniphora. Ingafakwa ku-genus Geochelone noma iTestudo
Umbala weMadagascar radiant ufudu T. radiata muhle kakhulu, ufinyelela isigamu semitha ubude. Igobolondo layo elimnyama le-convex lihlotshiswe ngemisebe ephuzi egqamile ukusuka enkabeni noma ekhoneni lesihlangu ngasinye. Lesi sifudu sande esiqhingini futhi sibanjwa ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa yenyama yaso emnandi. Ngaphezu kwesifufula esikhazimulayo, ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zihlala eMadagascar - ufudu lwaseMadagascar oluhlotshiswe ngesifuba (T. yniphora) nesifudumezi esiflethi (T. planicauda). Lesi sakamuva siphawuleka ngosayizi waso omfishane - abantu abadala abadlule ku-12 cm ubude.
Isifudumezi esifakwa esifubeni eMadagascar, noma i-Angonok Asterochelys yniphora (Vaillant, 1885)
IECN Rare Species Commission ikhombe njengenye yezilwane eziyi-12 “ezisengozini kakhulu” yezilwane zomhlaba. Isifo saseMadagascar. Ufudu lukhulu ngosayizi ngobude be-carapace lufika ku-45 cm, kodwa abantu ngamunye kuze kube yingxenye yemitha ubude bayaziwa. I-carapace iphakeme kakhulu ngeplastron ebukhali ekhomba phambili, esiza ekuhambeni ngamathanga aminyene.
Umbala awukhanyi futhi uthandeka njengalezinhlobo ezihlobene A. radiata, kepha uyasebenza kakhulu; iphathini enjenge-smoky ephuzi efana nesizinda icacile ngaphandle kwesizinda esithambile esinsundu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwalesi sikhathi kwezinhlobo zemvelo kukhawulelwe endaweni encane esifundeni seBali Bay enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesiqhingi, lapho kugcinwe khona iziqhingi nje ezincane ezintathu zehlathi eliyinhloko. Ithanda iziqhingi zezihlahla ezomile, izindawo ezingamahlathi ezimibungu ezitholakala elangeni, kanye nama-savannahs anthropogenic. Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba - ngenkathi eyomile kanye nenkathi yamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu esikhathi sasemini, kanti kwezinye izinyanga ebusuku nangesikhathi sezulu esishisayo asisebenzi. Imvamisa kutholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinezitshalo zokudla, lapho amathikithi aminyene esebenza njengendawo yokukhosela ethembekile.
Cishe i-herbivorous kuphela. Ukuziphatha komshado kufana nokuka-A. radiata. Abesifazane babeka amaqanda ama-3-6 amhlophe qheke angamasentimitha angama-47-47 mm kanye nesisindo esingu-40,5-50 g. Amaqanda afakwa ezingxenyeni ezingcwatshwe emhlabathini kuze kube ngu-11 cm.
Izinombolo ziphansi kakhulu. Ubuningi obukhulu bezindawo ezigciniwe abudluli abantu aba-5 nge-1 km2. Isamba sabantu abasendaweni eyi-100 km2 silinganiselwa kubantu abangama-250-300 kuphela. Cishe abantu abangama-50 bagcinwe ekudingisweni.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka emihlanu (isamba samahora angama-375), ukusesha ngokwemvelo kuveze abantu abahlanu kuphela. Kulaba, abane batholakala endaweni ye-Ankoro eCape Sada.
Ukuxhashazwa kokudla kanye nokuhwebelana eMadagascar akunandaba, kepha kwathunyelwa abathengisi base-Arabhu kusukela ngekhulu le-17 kuya kwele-19. ukuya eComoros kwenziwa ngezinga elikhulu. Kubantu bendawo eBali Bay, lesi silwane singcwele, kepha ezinye izinhlanga zingadla ufudu ngokudla.
Kuvikelwe ngumthetho eMadagascar. Ukuthekelisa kulinganiselwe. Ukulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo ezonakalisayo kuyadingeka. Ngaphakathi kobubanzi obulondoloziwe, kuyadingeka ukusungula ukuvikelwa kwamaqanda nezilwane ezincane ezingulubeni.
Ama-turtles afakelwa ezindaweni zohlobo lwe-Honolulu, New York naseSan Antonio. Isipiliyoni sokuzala esatholakala ku-Honolulu. Kuyadingeka ukudala amapulazi okwenziwa okuzala.
30.08.2016
Ufudu olunamakhanda amakhulu (lat. Platysternon megacephalum) njengamanje kuphela olimele umndeni kaPlatysternidae. Ihluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngokuba khona kwesihlobo esikhulu kakhulu emzimbeni wenhloko, esimbozwe ngesihlangu esikhulu esinzima.
Leli fudu alikwazi ukudonsa ikhanda lalo ngaphansi kwegobolondo. Amaphethelo nomsila nawo awubuyiswanga ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvikelwe izilwane ezizingelayo, zifakwe nezihlangu zophondo ngaphezulu.
Ukubhebhetheka
Le ndawo itholakala emazweni aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Itholakala eVietnam, Burma, Thailand nasezifundazweni eziseningizimu yeChina. Kuze kube manje, izingcingo ezi-3 ziyaziwa.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukuzinza emanzini amasha anesivinini esisheshayo futhi enamatshe angaphansi kwedamu. Bafunwa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni kwamanzi futhi babekezelele kabi noma yikuphi ukungcoliswa.
Ngokwesibalo sendawo, ufudu olunamakhanda amakhulu lubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uhlobo selusondele. Njengamanje, izingcingo ezi-4 ziyaziwa.
Ukuziphatha
Ukudla kuqukethe ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane nemifino. Emini, ufudu lubeka elangeni noma lufihle phakathi kwamatshe eduze kwendawo engaphezulu kwamanzi. Ngokuqala kobumnyama, uyofuna ukudla.
Idla ikakhulu izinhlanzi ezincane nama-invertebrates amancane. Uma kungekho zinhlanzi, ishintsha ukutshala ukudla, ukudla kungazitholela amanzi kanye nomhlaba.
Ijwayela ukudingiswa, lapho idla khona ngamaqabunga eklabishi kanye nobhanana. Ubusika emigodini yokuzimbela.
Ukubhukuda ophuma enhlokodweni enamakhanda amakhulu akubalulekile, imvamisa kakhulu umane ahambele phansi.
Ngenxa yemilenze yayo eshayekile, i-reptile kalula ingena kalula ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Lapho umhlaseli ehlasela, izitha zakhe azithandi ukufihla, kepha ngokushesha zihlasela umhlaseli. Uyakwazi ukulimaza umhlaseli obuhlungu. Isibindi esinjalo sichazwa iqiniso lokuthi ezindaweni ahlala kuzo cishe azinazo izitha zemvelo.
Ukuzala
Abamele izinhlobo ze-Platysternon megacephalum bayakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke. Isigaba esisebenzayo kakhulu sokuzala senzeka esikhathini esingoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi.
Insikazi ihlala izalela amaqanda amabili kuphela. Ukuhlanya kuvame ukwenzeka ngoJulayi-Septhemba futhi kutholakala ekucindezelekeni okuncane emhlabathini. Owesifazane ungcwaba amaqanda abekiwe bese ukala ngokucophelela inhlabathi ngaphezu kwawo. Amajuba amancane ngokwawo aqhekeka esidlekeni emva kokufuduka futhi aphuthume emanzini.
Incazelo
Ubude be-carapace yabantu abadala bufika ku-18-20 cm. Igobolondo liyi-Medi-convex, linombala onsundu grey. Umsila mude, ucishe ulingane nobude bomzimba, ngakho-ke unikeza isilwane esidliwayo esifana nengwenya. Uqhwaku olukhulu olukhulu lwakhothama.
Imikhondo emikhulu ikhula ekugcineni kweminwe. Izimbali zokubhukuda azikho.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwefudu elinamakhanda amakhulu ku-vivo cishe liyiminyaka engama-20.
Ukubukeka
Isifufula esincane, esinegobolondo esibalelwa ku-20 cm, sinekhanda elikhulu ngokungenasici, elimbozwe ngenhla ngesihlangu esisodwa esikhulu okuhlala isikhathi eside. Intamo yakhe yinde futhi iyasebenza, kepha inhloko, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ayibuyeli egobolondweni. Umhlathi ongaphezulu uhlome ngomlomo obukhali obheke phansi. I-carapace igcotshwe kakhulu, imilenze nomsila omude kakhulu azikwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke izingxenye zangaphandle zemilenze nomsila zimbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu ze-horny zokuzivikela. Iminwe ifakelwe imiphetho emfushane kodwa eqinile futhi ayinazilonda.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesudu esikhulu esinamakhanda aseMadagascar.
IFudu enkulu enamakhanda amakhulu eMadagascar inegobolondo elinzima lombala onsundu omnyama ngendlela yedomethi ephansi, evikela izingxenye zomzimba ezithambile. Ikhanda likhulu impela, linombala onsundu ngombala onamacala aphuzi. Ubukhulu bofudu bungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50. Inesici esijabulisayo: ikhanda entanyeni aligudlulwa ngokuphelele futhi liya eceleni kwendlela ngaphakathi kwe-carapace, futhi hhayi ngokuqondile nangemuva, njengezinye izinhlobo zamfudu. Kumabhubhu amadala, i-keel e-faint idlula igobolondo.
Ufudu olukhulu olunamakhanda aseMadagascar (Erymnochelys madagascariensis)
Azikho izigqoko eceleni. U-Plastron upendiwe ngemibala ekhanyayo. Izingalo zinamandla, iminwe ifakelwe imichilo elukhuni, futhi iye yathuthukisa ulwelwesi lokubhukuda. Intamo ende iphakamisa ikhanda layo phezulu futhi ivumela ufudu ukuba luphefumule ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi ngaphandle kokuchayeka wonke umzimba kwabangabahlaseli. Ama-turtle amasha anephethini elihle lentambo emnyama emnyama egobolondweni, kepha iphethini liyanyamalala ngobudala.
Imikhondo yofudu olukhulu olunamakhanda aseMadagascar.
IFudu enkulu enamakhanda amakhulu eMadagascar ithanda amaxhaphozi avulekile ahlala njalo, atholakala osebeni lwemifula egeleza kancane, emachibini nasezigungwini. Kwesinye isikhathi uhlala ematsheni, eziqhingini, ezungezwe iziqu zemithi nezihlahla. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamakhasa, unamathela ekusondelekeni kwamanzi futhi kuyaqabukela kujule ezifundeni eziphakathi. Emhlabeni kukhethwe kuphela ukubeka amaqanda.
Ukulandela okulandelayo
Ukubhaliswa okune kofudu olunamakhanda amakhulu kuyaziwa:
- I-Platysternon megacephalum megacephalum Grey, 1831
- I-Grey Gray ye-Platysternon megacephalum, 1870
- IPlatysternon megacephalum vogeli Wermuth, 1969
- IPlatysternon megacephalum tristernalis Tverson, 1986
Ufudu olunamakhanda amakhulu nendoda
Emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kudliwa izimfudu ezinamakhanda amakhulu, yingakho inani labantu lehliswa kakhulu.
Ufudu lugcinwa ezindaweni ezivalekile zamanzi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe ngu-20-25 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa komoya 26-30 ° C. Kuleli gumbi kufanele kufakwe amatshe kanye ne-driftwood, kuvame ngaphezu komhlaba. Ama-turtles agibela kuwo noma acashe emanzini ezansi. Ama-Shelter emanzini anendawo ebanzi nawo ayadingeka ukuze amafudu angangeni kuwo.
Njengokudla sebenzisa amagundane asanda kuzalwa, izingcezu zenhlanzi nenyama yexoxo.
Kunamacala okufuya ngempumelelo kwalezi zilwane ekudingisweni.
- Ufudu omncane onamakhanda amakhulu
Ubukhulu bofudu olukhulu olunamakhanda aseMadagascar.
Izimfudu ezinkulu ezinamakhanda aseMadagascar zisakazeke ngaphezu kwe-20,000 sq. Km, kodwa indawo yokusabalalisa ingaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezingama-500 sq. Ngokusho kwemininingwane etholakalayo, cishe ziyizi-10,000 zezilwane eziphilayo, eziziqophile ezingama-20. Izimfudu ezinkulu ezinamakhanda amakhulu eMadagascar zibhekana nokwehla okukhulu kwamanani, okulinganiselwa ukuthi kungamaphesenti angama-80 kule minyaka engama-75 edlule (izizukulwane ezintathu) futhi, ngokusho kwesibalo, ukwehla kwenani labantu kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo ngejubane elifanayo. Le nhlobo isengcupheni ngokuya ngemigomo eyamukelekayo.
Inani kumuntu.
AmaFudu amakhulu anamakhanda amakhulu aseMadagascar abamba kalula amanetha, izicupho zezinhlanzi nezingwegwe, kubanjwa njengokubamba ngokudoba okujwayelekile. Inyama namaqanda asetshenziswa njengokudla eMadagascar. Izimfudu ezinkulu ezinamakhanda aseMadagascar ziyabanjwa futhi zithathwe ngokungemthetho esiqhingini ukuze zithengiswe ezimakethe zase-Asiya, lapho sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa njengemithi yomuthi wendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseMadagascar ukhipha isibalo esincane sonyaka sokuthumela ngaphandle ukuthengiswa kwezilwane eziningana zaphesheya. Inani elincane labantu abavela emaqoqweni angasese liyathengiswa kuthengiselwano lomhlaba, ngaphezu kwezemfudu zasendle ezibanjwe eMadagascar.
Usongo kufudu olunamakhanda amakhulu eMadagascar.
IFudu enkulu enamakhanda amakhulu eMadagascar isongela amanani ayo ngenxa yokuthuthuka komhlaba wokutshala izilimo zezolimo.
Ukuhlanza amahlathi ngezidingo zezolimo kanye nokukhiqiza izingodo kubhubhisa imvelo yaseMadagascar futhi kuholele ekuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
Ukugcotshwa okwalandela kwemifula namachibi kunethonya elibi, kuguqula indawo yokuhlala kweshobulu elinamakhanda amakhulu laseMadagascar ngaphandle kokuqashelwa.
Indawo ehlukaniswe kakhulu idala izinkinga ezithile ekukhiqizweni kwezirhubuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ukunisela izinkundla zerayisi kuguqula umbuso wamanzi wamachibi nemifula yomfula iMadagascar, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu, amachibi, amadamu okuholela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Iningi labantu litholakala ngaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelwe, kepha ngisho nalezo ezihlala ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezivikelwe zihlangabezana nengcindezi ye-anthropogenic.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwesifufula esikhulu esiseMadagascar.
Isifufula esikhulu esinamakhanda aseMadagascar sivikelwe ngu-Annex II we-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES, 1978), esivimba ukuthengiswa kwalolu hlobo kwamanye amazwe.
Lolu hlobo luvikelwe ngokuphelele yimithetho yaseMadagascar.
Iningi labantu elikhulu lisakazekela ngaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelwe. Izidalwa ezincane ezincane zihlala ngaphakathi kwezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile.
NgoMeyi 2003, iTortoise Protection Fund yashicilela uhlu lokuqala lwezifudu ezingama-25 ezisengozini, ezibandakanya ufudu oluphethwe yiMadagascan. Le nhlangano inecebo lweminyaka emihlanu lokusebenza komhlaba wonke okubandakanya ukuzalanisa kabusha kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinhlobo, imikhawulo yezohwebo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokusindisa, amaphrojekthi endawo ezemvelo nezinhlelo zokuqwashisa ngolwazi.
I-Darrell Wildlife Fund nayo yenza umnikelo wayo ekuvikeleni ufudu olunamakhanda amakhulu eMadagascar. Siyethemba ukuthi lezi zenzo ezihlangene zizovumela ukuthi le nhlobo iphile endaweni yayo yemvelo.
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