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ISururus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 UCaroline (grey) amaprotheni (lat. Sciurus carolinensis) isinyamazane esiqhamuka emndenini we-squirrel wamagundane. Umbala umnyama noma mpunga, izinhlobo ezimnyama zemvelo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni empumalanga yeCanada, ngoba lo mbala ukhulisa ukusinda kwezinhlobo zezinto ezisezindaweni zasemadolobheni. UkubhebhethekaI-squirrel yaseCarolina ihlala empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, entshonalanga yoMfula uMississippi iye emngceleni osenyakatho weCanada, kodwa muva nje izinhlobo lezi zaqala ukungena eScotland, e-Ireland, e-England nase-Italy, zisusa ama-squirrels ezejwayelekile ukusuka lapho. Ukukhuphuka kubangelwa ukuthi iprotheni elimpunga iyisiphathi, futhi inokubekezelela okuthile kwigciwane le-paraospa, iprotheni ebulala amaprotheni ajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-squirrel grey ebusika maningi amathuba okuthola amasheya awo, futhi futhi asebenzisa amasheya ama-squirrels ajwayelekile (aseYurophu). ICaroline squirrel ithanda amahlathi e-coniferous avuthiwe anendawo okungenani engamahektare angama-40, kodwa futhi ingahlala ezindaweni lapho kukhula khona oki nama-walnuts, izithelo zazo ezingumthombo obalulekile wokudla kwasebusika kwalezi zilwane. UkuzalaIsikhathi sokuzala singoDisemba - uFebhuwari, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho - emuva kwesikhashana - ngoMeyi - Juni. Ukuqunjelwa kwesibili kuphakathi ehlobo. Ukugijimisana kwama-squirrels kuthatha izinsuku ezinhlanu: sonke lesi sikhathi owesilisa esukela insikazi, esuka kude nokuqhekeka ibanga elingafika kumamitha ayi-500. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, insikazi isilungele ukukhulelwa, njengoba kufakazelwa yi-edematous pink vulva, lesi simo sithatha amahora angama-8. Ukuhlangana kuhlala ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-30. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi yakha ipulaki le-vagatin le-vagatin, elivimbela ukuphinda likhule. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-44. Okuxakile OkungakhathazekileIUCN 3.1 Ukukhathazeka okungatheni: 42462 |
Iningi labesifazane lifaka ukuzala lineminyaka eyi-1,25, kodwa liyakwazi ukuzala lineminyaka engu-5.5 ubudala. Abesifazane baletha izingane ezimbili ngonyaka, iminyaka engu-8. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-11 ubudala. Uma kwenzeka zihlala ndawonye nowesilisa ovelele, ukuthomba kuyabambezeleka kuze kube iminyaka emibili. Ama-testicles abesilisa ngokuvamile anesisindo esingu-1 gram, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula isisindo sawo sikhuphukela ku-6-7 g, lokhu kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka.
Izici zokuphila
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwe zinqunu, ngaphandle kwe-vibrissae, isisindo sazo sokuzalwa singama-13-18 g. Umama ubondla amasonto angama-7-16. Esontweni lesikhombisa ngemuva kokuzalwa, kwenzeka ukuthi ama-molting, futhi ama-squirrel amancane athole imibala yabantu abadala. Ezinyangeni eziyi-9, zinesisindo sesilwane esidala. Kulitha lwamawhubhu ama-2-4, mhlawumbe aze afike ku-8.
Eminyakeni yokukhula kwale nhlobo noma ngonyaka we-lean, la maprotheni abuthana “emihlambini” enkulu futhi athuthele lapho efuna izindawo ezifanele, anqobele amabanga amade nemigoqo yamanzi.
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwesikhathi sokuqoshwa phakathi kohlobo lweproteyini sabhalwa ngqo ezinhlotsheni zegrey squirrel - umuntu oyedwa ekudingisweni wasinda waze waba neminyaka engama-23 nezinyanga ezi-6.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala kwegrey squirrel ngokuyinhloko ingxenyeni esempumalanga ye-United States, ngokwengxenye eCanada naseMexico.
Muva nje, baqale ukuzinza e-UK, eScotland, e-Italy nase-Ireland. Le nhlobonhlobo ye-squirrel, njengabanye abaningi, ithanda ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene elihlanganayo namahlathi ama-oak-coniferous.
Amaningi aqukethe njengezilwane ezithambile. Ukudla okumnandi kakhulu kwe-squirrel grey ngamantongomane. Kepha azondli kuzo kuphela, lolu hlobo lokuzalwa luhlobo oluhle futhi ludla amajikijolo, ama-buds, amaqabunga, imbewu, amagxolo ezihlahla, amakhowe nezinambuzane. Ngokudla okufanele ebusika, adinga nama-oki ama-oki.
Ukubukeka
Lesi silwanyana sincane kakhulu, lokhu kuzala kukhulu kune-squirrel ebomvu ejwayelekile. Ubungako bomzimba kaKaroline grey squirrel bufika kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-3,5 kuye ku-5.25. I-squirrel inomsila we-fluffy obude ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2,5. Ubukhulu bezindlebe buyi-25-33 mm, izinyawo ezingemuva zingama-54-76.
Umbala ojwayelekile wejazi loboya uyi squirrel - grey emnyama, kwezinye izindawo kukhona amabala obomvu noma ansundu. Ngenkathi ebandayo, umbala uyashintsha futhi uzuze i-whitish hue, esebenza njenge-mask, njengoba ihlangana neqhwa. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ijazi le squirrel lasentshonalanga eli-grey liba bukhudlwana futhi lide kunehlobo. Isisindo sesidumbu ngamagremu angama-400-600 kuphela.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzalela ubusika, futhi ezindaweni zasenyakatho kungekudala, entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukuqunjelwa kwesibili kwenzeka ngenyanga kaJulayi.
Ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, owesilisa ulandela insikazi, asuke ebangeni lika-500 metro esuka emgodini. I-squirrel empunga inika izingane izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka kuze kube iminyaka eyi-8. Ukukhulelwa kwakhe kuthatha inyanga nenyanga. Amazinyane ngokuvamile anezinhlobo ezingama-2-4.
Ama-squirrel ama-young grey azalwa enqunu futhi anesisindo esingu-12-18 amagremu. Bondla ubisi lwebele amasonto angama-7- 7, emva kwalokho baluka. Eminyakeni engu-3 yezinyanga ezintathu, izingane ezizimele ngokuphelele zishiya isidleke. Lapho zingaphansi konyaka ubudala, sezivele zinesisindo njengabantu abadala. Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwabesifazane kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-5 nengxenye, abesilisa - eneminyaka emi-2.
Izitha
I-squirrel grey yaseMelika inezitha zemvelo, phakathi kwazo: izinkozi zegolide, ama-coyotes, izimbungulu ezibomvu. Le nhlobo nayo ngeke ikwazi ukwenza ubungane namakati, ngakho-ke, ukuyikhetha njengomngane onezinyawo ezine, ungazami ukuthola ikati. Ama-squirrels nawo asaba izimpungushe zaseNingizimu Melika, izikhova, izikhova, imfene ne-ilka. Imvamisa ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokugula nokushayisana nezimoto.
Isikhathi sokuphila
I-squirrel yase-Western grey ihlala iminyaka emi-2 kuye kwengama-23,6. Umehluko omkhulu kangako uvele ngenxa yokuthi abanye babo kufanele bazitholele ukudla kwabo, bacashe kwabazingeli futhi baphephe.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, kukhona izingwekazi ezifuywayo ezihlala ekhejini. Iyondliwa, iniselwa futhi igonyelwe izifo zonke. Ekhaya, isilinganiso sokuphila sama-squirrel ama-grey yiminyaka eyi-15. Emhlabeni wasendle, abesilisa baphila iminyaka engu-2-3, kanye nabesifazane iminyaka engama-4-6. Izinga lokufa lifinyelela ku-75% ngonyaka.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- I-squirrel yaseCarolina yasinda emizameni eminingi esemthethweni yokubhubhisa - yadutshulwa, yafakwa ubuthi futhi yabanjiswa. Isilwane esihle senza umonakalo omkhulu ezihlahleni. Badla amagxolo abo, ngenxa yalokho oki namapayini kuyeka ukukhula futhi kufe.
- Ama-squirrel agre acashe futhi angcwabe izinsalela zokudla emhlabathini, atshala izitshalo cishe ngokuzimela.
- Alandela imigudu eyaziwayo futhi awashintshi amagatsha ahamba kuwo.
- Izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo zithanda ukudlala, ziluma iminwe yenkosi yazo. Bayakuthanda ukumba kudoti futhi bangavumeli abantu bangaphandle ukuba bangene emasimini abo.
Amaprotheni: incazelo, isakhiwo, izici. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-squirrel?
Ukubonakala kwe-squirrel mhlawumbe kuyinto ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu - umzimba omude, izindlebe ezinde ezifanayo, umsila we-fluffy. Izindlebe zamaprotheni zidlulile, kwesinye isikhathi ngamakhekhe ekugcineni. Ama-squirrel's paws aqinile, anezandla ezibukhali ekugcineni, ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo sama-paws onke ama-squirrel agibela izihlahla kalula.
Umsila we-squirrel mude kakhulu, wenza ubukhulu obungaba ngu-2/3 walesi sitombo, futhi imvelo yanika squirrel umsila omkhulu kangako hhayi nje ngobuhle bawo, futhi inomsebenzi owodwa obalulekile futhi osebenzayo - isebenzisa squirrel njengohlobo “lwesiqalo” lapho indiza ivela esihlahleni esihlahleni. Futhi ngesikhathi sokulala, ama-squirrels amboza imizimba yawo ngomsila wawo njengengubo.
Ubukhulu bamaprotheni buncike ezinhlotsheni, ngokwesilinganiso, amaprotheni angama-20-31 cm ubude, yize kukhona namaprotheni amakhulu anama-50 cm ubude, kanye namaprotheni amancane amade omzimba wawo angama-5-6 cm kuphela. squirrel encane kunazo zonke.
Ijazi le-squirrel liyahluka ebusika nasehlobo, ngenxa yokuthi lesi silwane sincibilika kabili ngonyaka. Ebusika, izinwele ze-squirrel ziqinile futhi ziminyene, futhi ehlobo, kunalokho, zimfushane futhi azivamile. Umbala webusika we-squirrel uvame ukuba nsundu, ubomvu, grey, unesisu esimhlophe; ehlobo, squirrel imvama ukuba bomvu.
Futhi, ama-squirrel ezindizayo ezinhlangothini ane-membrane ekhethekile ebavumela ukuba bahlele ngesikhathi sendiza.
Mangaki amaprotheni ahlala emvelweni nasekhaya?
Isikhathi esiphakeme kakhulu seproteyini siyiminyaka eyi-12. Kepha kuphela kule minyaka ehlonishwayo (ngokwezindondo zama-squirrels, kunjalo), la makhulu aphile kuphela ekhaya, ekuthunjweni. Ama-squirrels ahlala ehlathini esikhathini esiningi akahlali kakhulu kuze kube ngisho neminyaka eyi-4. Hhayi nje ngoba banezitha eziningi zemvelo, kepha ama-squirrel amaningi amahlathi abulawa yindlala, amakhaza nezifo.
Ahlala kuphi ama-squirrel?
Ama-squirrels ahlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwe-Australia, isiqhingi saseMadagascar, izindawo ezinamakhaza, iNingizimu Melika eseningizimu nengxenye yehlane lase-Afrika.
Njengezindawo zokuhlala, ama-squirrels ahlala kuphela emahlathini, lapho kukhona khona izihlahla eziningi, ngakho-ke awatholakali ogwadule olusenyakatho ne-Afrika futhi ngokuvamile, ezindaweni ezinezimila ezincane. Izihlahla kanye nama-squirrels bangabangani baphakade, lapho kukhona khona izihlahla, lamagundane kungenzeka ukuthi abe lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-squirrel achitha ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zawo ezihlahleni, akunasidingo ukusho ukuthi esesimweni sabo sendabuko ezihlahleni, bagibela kalula kubo, bagxuma besuka egatsheni baye kwelinye.
Adlani ama-squirrel?
Zidlani lezi zilwane ezinhle? Kuyiqiniso, ama-hazelnuts, kodwa hhayi wona kuphela, ngaphezu kwamantongomane, ama-acorns, imbewu yeConifers: isiphundu, uphayini, umsedari nabanye, kanye namakhowe nezinhlamvu ezihlukene, kufakiwe ekudleni. Njengoba iyisilwane esijabulisayo, i-squirrel ayinandaba nokudla izimbungulu ezahlukene, ubuhlalu, izibungu kanye namachwane ezinyoni. Lapho ukwehluleka kwezilimo nokubulawa yindlala, iprotheni idla amagxolo ezihlahla, ama-lichen, ama-rhizomes nezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous.
Squirrel ebusika. Ngabe squirrel ilungela kanjani ubusika?
Ukufika kobusika, wonke ama-squirrel alungiselelwe ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, benza izindawo zokukhosela eziningi zezindawo zabo zokudla, zona abaziqoqayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Njengomthetho, baqoqa ama-acorns, amantongomane namakhowe, okufihlwa kuwo izimbobo zezihlahla noma emiseleni eyembiwe.
Ngeshwa, amasheya we-squirrel aqoqiwe uvame ukwebiwa ezinye izilwane, futhi izinduku ze-fluffy ziyakhohlwa ngezinye zezindawo zazo zokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, lokhukhohlwa kwama-squirrels kuyasiza ehlathini, ngoba imbewu, ama-acorn kanye namantongomane akhohliwe ngama-squirrels kuvame ukuhluma futhi kutholakale amasimu amasha.
Ngokuqondene nokuziphatha kwama-squirrels ebusika, ngesikhathi sesithwathwa esinzima, ama-squirrel agcina izimbobo zawo, acwiliswa ngohafu. Uma amakhaza asebusika engenawo amaprotheni aqine kangako ahola indlela yokuphila evamile esebenzayo, kwesinye isikhathi aze aphange nezinqolobane zamagundane nama-chipmunks.
Squirrel entwasahlobo
Kepha ukuqala kwentwasahlobo yisikhathi esinzima kunazo zonke kuma-squirrels, ngoba amasheya asebusika asevele adliwe noma akhohliwe, kanti okusha asikakaveli futhi akakakhuli. Ngalesi sikhathi, akukho lutho esidliwayo ngamaphrotheni, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo amaprotheni angabulawa yindlala. Ukuze usinde, izinduku zingadla kuphela amagxolo ezihlahla, amahlumela ezitshalo.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesikwele esimpunga sase-Carolina
I-squirrel yaseGrey Carolina inosayizi womzimba ongamasentimitha angama-38 kuya kwangama-52. 5. ubude bomsila buyi-15 - 25 cm.
Ama-Auricles - ukusuka ku-2,5 kuye ku-3.3 cm.
I-squidrel yase-Carolina grey (iSururus carolinensis). I-squirrel empunga inkulu kune-squirrel ebomvu ejwayelekile, imvamisa ingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10 futhi inomsila omkhulu we-fluffy 8 inches.
Ebusika, isikwati esingaphansi kukaCaroline squirrels siba sikhulu, futhi uboya bude. Izinwele ezisekupheleni ziba nsundu, zibe ngumbala wewolintshi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwegrey squirrel empunga.
UCaroline grey squirrel usatshalaliswa empumalanga Melika. Kutholakale entshonalanga yoMfula uMississippi. Ihlala enyakatho yeCanada. Kusebenza kahle i-Ireland, iScotland, iNgilandi, i-Italiya, ikhipha isikwati esivamile.
UCaroline Grey squirrel Habitats
I-squine squirrel grey itholakala ku-wideleaf exubekile - amahlathi e-coniferous, lapho izihlahla ze-spruce nezikaphayini zikhula zigxilile phakathi kwe-oki nama-beeches. Ilungiselela izindawo ezingamahlathi nendawo engamahektare angama-40.
Ekwindla kuvela emasimini aseduze kwehlathi ezingadini.
Izici zokuziphatha kuka-Caroline grey squirrel
I-Krolinskaya grey squirrel iyi-rodent esebenzayo edla usuku lonke. Ngokuphila abantu abangu-5-7 badinga ihektha elilodwa lehlathi.
Eminyakeni yobudala, izilwane zakha imihlambi emikhulu ehamba amabanga amade futhi iwela nezithiyo zamanzi okuwela. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kunesizathu esizomisa lokhu kuthunyelwa okukhulu ekufuneni izindawo ezingagcwele ukudla ezinokudla.
Ama-squirrel ama-greyine grey ayakwazi ukuwela imifula ebanzi. Kulokhu, baphakamisa umsila wabo omuhle kakhulu ukuze ungamanzi, bese behamba ngomkhumbi. Ukufuduka okukhulu kwezilwane kwenzeka lapho kunokuntuleka kokudla, ngesikhathi semililo yehlathi, kanye nalapho kuqubuka khona amagundane. Imvamisa le ndlela yokuziphatha ihambisana nesikhathi sasebusika.
Eminyakeni yokukhula kwale nhlobo noma ngonyaka we-lean, la maprotheni abuthana “emihlambini” emikhulu futhi athuthele lapho afuna izindawo ezifanele.
Amaphrotheni eGrey Carolina alungele ukudingiswa. Kunesici esisodwa sokuziphatha okufanele abathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo bazi: izilwane ziluma kaningi. Akuyalwa ukuthi ugcine lolu hlobo lwesikwele lapho kunabantu asebekhulile nezingane.
Kuhle ukukhetha squirrel osemncane. Kulesi sikhathi, izilwane zijwayela ukukhawuleza futhi ezinamakhasi zakhiwe kalula.
Ukuze iprotheni ikujwayele ngokushesha, udinga ukondla i-squirrel, uphathise ukudla ngesandla sakho.
Qiniseka ukuthi udlala futhi ujabulele isilwane, usungule amagatsha omile, usakaze izigaxa zezihlahla ze-coniferous. Igumbi kufanele liphathe zonke izinto ezibeka engcupheni i-squirrel. Ukujwayelana nekati noma inja kufanele kuhlehliselwe isikhathi lapho squirrel sisetshenziselwa futhi sjwayela izimo ezintsha.
Lapho ukhipha i-squirrel ukuze uhambe ikheji, susa zonke izinto ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokubukwa kwesilwane, uma kungenjalo uzozithola zilimele. Ama-squirrel athunjiwe agcina imvelo yawo futhi aqaphe indawo yakhe. Izilwane azikwamukeli njalo ukuvela kwezihambi efulethini.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amaprotheni angcono ukubuyela ekhejini. Ama-squirrel ama-Grey Carolina athunjiwe aphile iminyaka engaba ngu-15.
Amazinyo we-squirrel ayisikhali esibi kakhulu sokuvikela nokukhishwa kokudla. Ama-squirrel afuna ukwazi kakhulu, imvamisa agibela emgqonyeni futhi ahlole okuqukethwe kuwo.
Ama-squirrel ama-Grey ahlela njalo imidlalo, ilume iminwe nezindlebe ngezinye izikhathi, kepha lezi zenzo zenziwa ngobumnene.
Amaprotheni aqine kakhulu angaluma uma esaba noma ecasukile. Kanye ngesonto, udinga ukuncipha izindlawu, ngoba emvelweni kunokuncibilika kwemvelo kwezigqoko lapho kudlula ezihlahleni. Ekuthunjweni, kuvalwa isondo lokhuni emgodini ukuze isilwane sigijime, kuze kube yilapho izilengiso zisulwa.
Inani elingalungile leproteine ka-Caroline ompunga ku-ecosystems
Ama-squirrel ama-Grey Carolina alimaza izihlahla. Amagundane agaya amagxolo kweziqu futhi aphuze ujusi omnandi ngokhuni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kuholela ekumeni ekukhuleni nasekufeni kwesihlahla. Izinduku ezilimaza kakhulu i-maple ne-beech.
Ama-squirrel ama-Grey Carolina ayadutshulwa, izidleke zawo zichithwe, izicupho zibanjiwe. Kodwa zizalela ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zijwayele ukuhlala kunoma iyiphi insimu enezinhlobo zezihlahla ezihlakazekile nezibanzi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, amaprotheni, agcina amantongomane kanye nembewu ebusika, anomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezitshalo ezimisweni zezinto eziphilayo. Ukulawulwa kwamaphrotheni kuyadingeka ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kwenani lamagundane nezitshalo.
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