Inja endala yensimu ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-30- 38 anesisindo esingu-1-1,5 kg (kwesinye isikhathi okuncane kakhulu), kanti abesilisa bahlala beba bakhulu futhi besindeka kunabesifazane. Isilwane, impela, sifana kakhulu ne-floorhog ekuvezweni komzimba ominyene ne-camouflage (efana nombala wendawo) umbala: ingemuva livame ukungcola ophuzi noma ophuzi okuphuzi ngomthunzi olula wesisu. Ubovu olusekhanda eliyindilinga lumnyama kancane kunangemuva elijwayelekile lomzimba, futhi amabala amhlophe ayabonakala ku-muzzle, ikakhulukazi akhanyayo endaweni ye-chin nekhala.
I-rodent inamazinyo amakhulu esihlathi nezicucu eziphakeme ezincanyana: uma kunesidingo, ukudla kufakwa emaphaketheni amancane esihlathi. Izindlebe zezinja ezidlelwayo zincane kakhulu kangangokuba cishe azikwazi ukuqondakala ngaphansi koboya. Amehlo makhulu impela, amnyama futhi amise banzi, okuvumela ukubonwa okugcwele kokuzungezile kwendawo ezungezile. Izinyawo zigcina ngeminwe ye-cobby enemikhono emide, ibukhali futhi ilukhuni. Ezindongeni zangaphambili, umunwe wesithathu udlulela phambili. Ezinyaweni zezinyawo, kukhula uvolo. Umsila ubonakala kahle, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside (cishe 4-11 cm), ufana ngombala nawo wonke umzimba.
Isakhiwo senhlalo
Imibala yale nduku inamakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa anesilinganiso sobukhulu babantu abangaphezu kwabathathu ihektha ngalinye, futhi nesilinganiso esingaphezu kwesishiyagalombili. Leli koloni lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu emindeni, ahlanganisa abesilisa, kusukela kwabesifazane abathathu kuya kwabayisihlanu namawundlu abo (kusuka kwabayisithupha kuye kwabangu-30). Ngaphakathi emndenini, kuba nokuthula nokuzwana - emhlanganweni izilwane ziyahlwitheka omunye komunye, kuthi lapho zitholile, zivame ukuthathwa ukuze zihlanze uboya bobabili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umndeni ngamunye uhlonipha ukungabonakali kwempahla yakho futhi, lapho kuvela umuntu ongaziwa, uhlela ukungqubuzana kwemingcele. Umnqobi wengxabano ye-internecine uthola ithuba lokukhulisa uzungu lwakhe (ingadluli imitha).
Eduzane nomgodi kuhlale kunogada ophoqelekile ukwazisa izihlobo ngengozi ngesikhathi. Kungaba ikhwela noma umsindo ofana nebhxolo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesiginali yomsindo, izinja ezidlekayo zilungiselela ukuxosha ukuhlukunyezwa kwesitha noma ukukhanda zibalekele emiseleni yazo yendabuko. Iningi lamagundane lizungeza ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ukuvuka kuphela ngoFebhuwari - Mashi.
Ukuxhumana komhlaba
Imisele yemoto yezinja zemihlambi ihlelwe kahle futhi ijule ngokwedlulele - zivame ukwehla ngamamitha ayi-3-5. Imbobo ngayinye (enobubanzi bamagatsha acishe abe ngu-15 cm) ibe uhlelo lwemihubhe eyindilinga enemithambeka emaweni kanye nokuqondanisa kancane kancane. Ukuxhumana komhlaba okwenziwe ngendandatho kunokwethenjelwa kangangokuba kuvikeleke ngokuphelele ezikhukhula ngokuzumayo ngenkathi yezimvula nokuwa.
Ecebeni le-1 ha, kuze kufinyelele ku-54 burow izimbobo eziholela ekwakhiweni kwezinja zamadlelo kungabalwa. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, ubude bomgodi owodwa nayo yonke imigudu yayo ingaphezu kwamamitha angama-300, yize indawo yendawo yokwabiwa komndeni, njengomthetho, ingeqi amamitha skwele ambalwa.
Kubalulekile! Izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba zinezinhloso ezihlukile - ezinye ziguqulelwa amagumbi okugcina, ezinye zisebenza njengamagumbi esizwe, kanti ezinye zisebenza njengamagumbi aphansi lapho zisindisa kuzamcolo noma ezidlaleni.
Kude nasendlini enkulu, kufakwa imgodi ehlukile ekunikezelweni kwezidingo zemvelo: isetshenziswa kuze kube yilapho ichichima indle. Uma indlu yangasese ingenakuhlanzwa, iyangcwatshwa bese itholakala indawo entsha.
Ukuchazwa kwezinja ezinamadlelo
Izinja zedlelo - okuthiwa ngamagundane, angabomndeni we-squirrel. Sesibhale ngokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kuwebhusayithi yethu, ngakho-ke, usunomqondo wokuthi ubani okufanele ubhekane naye. Kodwa-ke, izinja ezidlekayo azifani kakhulu nama-squirrels, yize lokhu kungabavimbeli ekutholeni ukuthandwa nothando olungaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ubude bendoda endala ye-mehende efinyelela kumuntu ngamunye ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-30- 38, enesisindo esingu-1-2 kilos. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bahlala besinda futhi bakhulu kunezinsikazi. Umbala woboya bezinja zemihlambi ungasukela ku-brown-grey to brown brown. Izinja zezinja zimfushane, zinemikhono ebukhali futhi enzima emnyama. Amehlo makhulu, ahlukaniswe kabanzi ukuvumela ukubukwa ebangeni elibanzi, ikhanda libanzi futhi liyindilinga, kuyilapho umbala woboya ekhanda umnyama kunombala woboya bezitho zomzimba. Futhi, emehlweni nasezihlathini, ungabona izindandatho zokukhanya. Imisila yamagundane ayide, imbozwe izinwele ezinde, futhi iyahluka ngombala, kuya ngohlobo lwenja yedlelo. Izindlebe zezilwane zimfushane futhi kaningi azikwazi ukubonwa ngaphansi kobukhulu boboya.
Nokho, kusukela kumfanekiso onjalo kungavele kubonakale ukuthi lesi sidalwa sibukeka kakhulu njengemarmot kune squirrel noma inja. Kepha, ukubukeka kuyadukisa.
Izinja Zedlozi Emvelweni
Lezi zidondolo azijwayelekile futhi ziyathakazelisa. By the way, babizwa ngisho izinja zodumo , futhi konke ngoba emvelweni - ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nasenkabeni yeNyakatho Melika, ahlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, lapho ahlala khona emakoloni amakhulu. Ngendlela, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezingama-5 wezinja ezidlelwayo, futhi njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuqagele, izilwane ezihlukile zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukile.
Kukhona inja ye-Gunnison meadow inja, emhlophe-inomsila, omnyama onomsila, oyiMexico kanye nenja ye-Jut meadow ...
Imisele yezinja ezidlelwayo
Lezi zidalwa ezisezindaweni zemvelo zinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu senhlalo, esihlanganisa owesilisa oyedwa, abesifazane abambalwa nabazukulwana babo abajwayelekile. Le yimindeni emikhulu ephila ngezinja zemvelo. Ngokuqondene nendawo abahlala kuyo, bangabumba izimbobo ezijulile ezakhiwe kahle kangangokuba abesabi izikhukhula ngesikhathi semvula, noma nokuchitheka kwesihlabathi. Le mishubhu inemigudu eyinkimbinkimbi esebenza emigudwini eyinqaba eshaweni bese ikhipha. Ngasikhathi sinye, emgodini onjalo ungathola amakamelo ahlukene - ama-pantries, izindawo lapho izidleke zezinja zidla khona, ukuphunyula ezilwaneni ezidla lubi noma ezikhukhula. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomgodi owodwa onjalo ngayo yonke imigudu bungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-300.
Ukuziphatha kwenja yokulinganisa
Ngokumangazayo, indlela yokuziphatha kwezinja ezidlekayo zisenza sicabange ukuthi lezi zidalwa zihlakaniphe ngokungajwayelekile. Kuyini iqiniso lokuthi uma ibona inyamazane, inja yodumo yenza umsindo omkhulu futhi ubukhali ukuze yazise ezinye izilwane, futhi ngemuva kwalokho ifihla umgodi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinja zedlelo ziyakwazi ukwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene, ngaleyondlela zixwayisa ngezindlela ezihlukene mayelana nendlela ezahlukahlukene yezilwane ezizingelayo, ezingeke zikwazi ukumelana nayo. Ukuphela kwento esele kubo ukuxwayisa ngengozi engenayo nokubaleka.
Umsebenzi walezi zilwane wenzeka ngesikhathi sasemini, kanti ebusuku, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamagundwane, izinja ezidla izindwani zicasha ngemisele futhi zilele. Ah, nansi inja yomhlobiso omhlophe, futhi ifihla ubusika. Ungomunye wabambalwa bale zinhlobo othambekele ekuthini alale kakhulu ebusika.
Ngabe lezi zilwane zingathathwa njengezinosizo? Ochwepheshe bayaqiniseka ukuthi yebo. Okokuqala, izinja ezidlayo zingukudla kwezinye izilwane eziningi. Okwesibili, imisele yabo iba yikhaya lezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Futhi, okwesithathu, izindondo nemihubhe yalezi zinduku kufaka isandla kumanyolo nokufakwa komoya kwenhlabathi, futhi nakho kufaka isandla ekwehlukaneni kwezitshalo kule ndawo. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abakholelwa ngokuphelele kukho, futhi baxosha ngentshiseko izinja zasemadlelweni, bebabheka benecala lokuvunwa okungekuhle.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinja ezinamadlelo
Ngokuqondene nokuzalelwa kwamagundane ezimweni zentando, ngakho izinja zomhlobiso ziletha udoti minyaka yonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkathi yokuzalela iqala ngenyanga kaMashi-Ephreli, kanti ukukhulelwa uqobo kuthatha amasonto angama-28- 32. Ngesinye isikhathi kudoti, kusukela ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili kuyazalwa, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso ama-5, imidlwane izalwa inqunu futhi ingaboni, kodwa amehlo ayo avuleka izinsuku ezingama-35. Lapho izingane zinamasonto ayisithupha ubudala, ziqala ukushiya umgodi, zizimele ngokwengeziwe. Lapho imidlwane isiqiniswe ngokuphelele, abazali bayo bangayishiya imbobo bayokwakha entsha eduzane.
Ngabe kufanelekile ukugcina inja yokudla ekhaya
Ngemuva kokuthi mina nawe sicabange ukuthi lezi zidalwa zihlala kanjani endle, ukuthi zidlani nokuthi zidlani, zizalela kanjani, impendulo yombuzo wokululeka kokugcina inja yokudla ekhaya iyaziveza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni aseYurophu nase-USA, ngasikhathi sinye, kwavalwa umthetho wokwenziwa nokuthengiswa kwezinja zamadlelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngonyaka we-2003 la makhulu amakhulu ayengomunye wemiphumela eyinhloko yokuqubuka kwalo mkhuba okuthiwa yi-monkey flu. Futhi ukuze kuvikeleke ukutheleleka ngobuningi nokusakazeka kwalesi sifo, kwanqunywa ukuthi kungavinjelwa ukugcinwa kwazo njengezilwane ezifuywayo iminyaka emi-5 ezayo. Futhi, yize isikhathi esanele sesidlulile kusuka kulo mzuzu futhi ukuvinjelwa kubonakala kuphakanyisiwe, phinda ucabange ukuthi ungayinikeza yini inja ye-prairie izimo ezinethezekile ekhaya lakho, noma kungcono ungazihlukumezi futhi ungazihluphi isilwane sakho, futhi ungabeki impilo yakho engozini .
Uma ungesabi ubunzima, futhi usashisa ngesifiso sokuba nenja yokudlela ekhaya, siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngamaphuzu aphambili wokugcinwa kwayo ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha siphawula ukuthi ukugcina i-rodent enkulu kangaka ekudingisweni akulula kangako. Lokhu akusikho okwakho noma cha. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinja zemihlambi ekudingisweni sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-7-8, ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okuhle nokufanele. Kungcono ukuthatha imveku, njengoba ijwayela ukushesha ukubamba izandla futhi kulula ukuyifunda, khona-ke unethuba lonke lokukhulisa isidalwa esinothando nesinokuthula kuyo.
- kufana nkulu. Yathola igama layo ngokuziphatha kwayo. Lapho sifika ngaphezulu, izinja ezingamakhandlela zenza imisindo ebukhali efana ne-bark eyindilinga, bese zihambisana nokushaywa komsila okhanyayo. Izinja ezake zadliwa zahlala ezindaweni ezithandekayo zaseNyakatho Melika ngamanani amakhulu.
Kepha ngentuthuko yamathafa pristine ngabahlali baseYurophu, ukuchuma inja yokudla ukuphela kufikile. Ekuqaleni, amakoloni abo afela ngaphansi kwepulazi, ngoba izinja ezidlayo azikwazi ukuhlala emhlabeni olimekayo. Kwabe sekufika ithuba lalezo zinja ezidla ubhedu ezazihlala edlelo. Abelusi nezinkomo bezizonda lezi zilwane ngoba emabeleni abo izinkomo namahhashi zazivame ukuphula imilenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinja ezidlekayo zabhujiswa njengezimbangi zezilwane ezifuywayo. Yize kunjalo, izinja ezidlelwayo zidla izithombo ezincane, amaqabunga, izimbali kanye nembewu yotshani be-steppe.
Manje izinja zokudla ligcinwe kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelwe zezigodi ezindaweni ezomile nezikude kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Kwezinye izindawo, izindawo ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile izinja zemihlambi kumakhethini ngamanye.
Izithombe zizotshela okungaphezu kwamagama.
Ucwaningo lwensimu lwenziwa izazi zebhayoloji esikhungweni semvelo saseMelika iYunivesithi yaseMaryland yeSayensi Yezemvelo. Ukuqoqwa kwedatha kwenzeka izinyanga eziningi ukusuka ku-2003 kuya ku-2012 endaweni egcinwe eColorado. Lapha, kanye naseWyoming, Utah naseMontana, isigcawu esinsundu sezinja ze-meadow (Cynomys leucurus) sihlala. Lezi zilwanyana ezincane zihlala emidumeni, emhlabeni owomile ombozwe ngotshani obufishane. Ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku, zifihla ebusuku ngezimbobo zazo ezembiwe. Inja ebomvu enomsila ihluke kwabalingani bayo hhayi ngombala womsila wayo kuphela, kodwa futhi ngoba iwela ebusika obuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha ebusika. Inja edlubhe yensimbi emnyama (Cynomys ludovicianusus), uma kuqhathaniswa, iyasebenza unyaka wonke futhi ihamba ngisho naseqhweni. Ukuze ufunde kangcono ngokuphila kukaC leucurus, ososayensi “baphila njengabo,” kubhala iNational Geographic. Isazi sebhayoloji savuka entathakusa, sathatha okubonakalayo futhi kwabashiya kuphela ngemuva kokuba inja yokugcina ilele emgodini wayo. Ngo-2007, omunye wososayensi abaqhamuka kude wabona isenzo esithile senja yedlelo elizungeze enye intonga. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi lokhu kungumuntu omdala obulala iwundlu lenye inja. Ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha okunjalo kwenzeka ezinjeni ezigudlayo, kepha bekungaziwa ukuthi labo abasebenza ngemisila emhlophe nabo bayazingela. Kodwa-ke, lapho esehlolisisa isisulu, ososayensi bathola okunye okuthakazelisa kakhulu: isidumbu lesi ngesinye isidumbu: UWyoming gopher (Urocitellus elegans) - elinye ilungu lomndeni weqembu lesigcawu. Eminyakeni emihlanu eyalandela, ososayensi "bavumbulula" ukubulawa kwezinja ezingama-101, namanye amacala angama-62 achazwe ngokuthi "afanayo." Iningi "lamacala" enziwa ngoMeyi - phakathi nesikhathi lapho ama-gophers eshiya izingilazi zokudla ngemuva kokugcina ubusika. "Abazingeli" babengabantu abadala kubo bobabili ubulili. Okwamanje, izinja ezidlelwayo azidli nyama nhlobo: ziyizilwane ezinama-herbivorous ngokuphelele. Ngokusho kwesazi sebhayoloji, ngokubhubhisa ngokulinganayo ama-gophers e-herbivorous, balwela ukudla. Emhlabeni wezilwane zasendle, lokhu kuyenzeka: izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengamakhowe zingabulala izimbangi, kodwa kulokhu ngeke zidelele ukunambitha inyama yalo. Izinja ze-Meadow zimane zishiya izidumbu zalabo abahlukumezekile ngaphandle kokuqhubeka zinaka zona. Ososayensi babuye bathola ukuthi kude nazo zonke izinja ezidla ubhedu kubantu abafundile abazingelwa ngokubulawa, futhi labo abaqhubeka 'ukuzingela' bakwenza lokhu ngamandla amakhulu. Enye yezinja yabulala ama-gophers ayisishiyagalolunye eminyakeni emine, kanti enye yabulala abayisikhombisa ngosuku olulodwa. Kepha bekufanele, kwavela ukuthi “ababulali” nabo bakhula baba namandla futhi banempilo kunamalungu ezizwe ezinokuthula. Ngakho-ke, le modeli yokuziphatha, ethuthukiswe ezimweni zezinsizakusebenza, yasebenza kahle futhi ayidingi ngisho nokuguqula izinto eziza kuqala ekudleni kwama-herbivores. Thola
E-USA, izinja ezidla izindwani sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kanti naseRussia intshisekelo yazo ikhula kuphela. Ukutholwa nokugcinwa kwalezi zilwane kuyinselele impela, kepha uma unenhlanhla yokuthola zisencane, uyoba nomngane omuhle kakhulu wempilo.
Yini izinja ezidlekayo?
Imicibisholo yomndeni we-squirrel, odabuka eNyakatho Melika. Ziphila impilo yansuku zonke futhi zihlala emakoloni amakhulu kakhulu. Ngisho nasezindaweni zasendle, izinja ezincane zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi zidlala imidlalo zodwa, ziqinisa ubuhlobo bazo bomphakathi. Yini esingayisho ngokulungiswa kwezindlu! Bazokujabulela ukuphambana nawe. Inja edonsayo ingaba isilwane esinothando nesithandayo uma inakekelwa kahle futhi itholwa isencane (kuze kube ngamaviki ayi-10). Ukuzondla ngesandla futhi ukudlala amahora ambalwa ngosuku kumaviki ambalwa okuqala kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukuxhumana okuqinile. Isilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiselwe ekudingisweni yiminyaka eyi-10-12, abantu abadala bacishe babe ngangengulube yengulube.
Inja ye-Meadow iyisilwane esihlakaniphe kakhulu, endle ukuxhumana nezinye ngolimi lwazo olukhethekile. Ungafunda okuningi ngokuxhumana kwabo engxenyeni ehlukile ne Amaqiniso we-Meadow Inja . Baqonda imishwana namaqembu athile, afunda ngokushesha. Uma umbiza, uzokuza kuwe. Kepha bangaba nenkani kakhulu :)
Imvamisa izinja zinamathele enkosini yazo kangangokuba zikulungele ukumvikela ngokulahlekelwa yizimpilo zazo. Kulahlekile, lesi silwane ngeke sibuyele empilweni "yasendle", njengezinye izilwane eziningi ezihlukile. Esikhundleni salokho, uzofuna umnikazi wakhe futhi acele usizo kuye wonke umuntu ahlangana naye. Uma ukuhlukana bekude, lapho-ke lapho uhlangana nomniniyo, injabulo yakhe ngeke ibe nemingcele.
Uma ungabulali inzalo (inkukhu edonsa) isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyi-10, lapho isikhathi sokulungela ukukhula, angahlasela umnikazi nabanye abantu ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukukhathazeka ngokuthola udokotela wezilwane ongahlinzwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi!
Izinja ezidonsayo zinamazinyo amakhulu futhi zingaluma ngokujulile ngokwanele (egazini). Ukuthola uchwepheshe kunzima impela, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uthenge incwadi ethi “Ukuletha Imbumbulu Yenja Yekhaya Lakho” futhi uyikhombise nodokotela wakho wezilwane.Le ncwadi inencazelo enemininingwane yenqubo yokusebenza. Uma uqonda ukuthi awukulungele ukunaka isilwane esanele, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthola abantu ababili ukuze babe ngabangane futhi badlale, bangazizwa benesizungu. Akusibo labo abangashiywa bodwa usuku lonke ekhejini.
Izimo zokugcina izinja zedlelo
Lapho udlulela endlini, kufanele unakekele i-terrarium ekhethekile enomthamo wamalitha angama-50-60, ubeke ama-T-shirts amadala kuwo njengombhede, ungafaka futhi isifudumezi kuwo. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu, ingane kufanele ihlolwe ngudokotela wezilwane ukubheka isimo sempilo nokuthi isitholile isimo esiphuthumayo. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngonyaka.
Okulandelayo, uzodinga ukulungiselela ikheji elibanzi elingama-60x60x120 cm (ubude), ibanga phakathi kwezinduku lingadluli ku-1.5 cm. Kuzoba kuhle uma ubeka imigudu, isondo elikhulu eligijimayo nendawo ecashile yokulala lapho. Isondo akufanele lenziwe ngocingo nensimbi, kepha liqinile ngokhuni noma ngamabhodi wokuhlela. Njengoba izinja zedlelo zihlala emigodini ngokwemvelo, zingakujabulela ukudiliza emhlabathini, ngoba lokhu ungahlela ipallet nomhlaba okhethekile.
Ngaphambi kokuthola i-puppy, kubalulekile ukudala izimo kuye ezisondelene nendawo yakhe yokuhlala yemvelo. Hlola indlu, ususe izintambo nezinto eziyingozi, ngoba kuzozigoqa. Ukukhawulela ukungena endlini yangasese kanye nasethoyilethi, banelukuluku kakhulu futhi bangakwazi ukuhlafuna iphepha lasendlini yangasese noma bawele endlini yangasese.
Uma uzonikeza isilwane inkululeko yokuhambahambahamba kwendlu, khona-ke hlola ngokucophelela izakhiwo ukuze ubone izingozi ezingaba khona! Vikela engilazini nasezibukweni, emanzini kanye nezintambo.
Abanikazi abaningi bakhathazeka ngokuthi uma uthola abantu ababili endlini, bazothandana kuphela. Kepha lokhu akunjalo, banesifiso esikhulu sokuchitha isikhathi "nomndeni" wabo. Njengoba izinja zedlelo zihlala emakoloni amakhulu ngokwemvelo, sincoma ngokuqinile ukuba nobabili ukuze bakwazi ukudlala usuku lonke futhi balale ndawonye.
Isilwane esinjalo siyoba kuwe i-puppy enothando engasoze yakhula. Amaqhinga abo ahlekisayo nemisindo ehlukahlukene yokuxhumana nawe kuzokunikeza injabulo enkulu
Ungayondla kanjani izinja zemvelo?
Ukudla kwezinja kwe-98% kuqukethe i-hay ejwayelekile (i-Timofeevka meadow). Ezindaweni zasendle, badla bonke utshani obuzungeze izimbobo, obanikeza umbono omuhle wokuvikelwa kwabazingeli. Ngokungeziwe kwe-hay elula, ukudla okugcotshwe ngosawoti (ama-pellets avela ku-hay, i-alfalfa, okusanhlamvu okuthile) kufanele kunikezwe ngezingxenye ezincane, futhi njengokuphatha, izibungu zikafulawa, i-zucchini kanye nezaqathe emibuthanweni, amazambane amnandi (amazambane amnandi) nesaladi.
Ehlobo nasekwindla, lesi silwane singadla kuze kufike ku 1 kg yotshani obusha ngeviki. Unganika ezinye izithelo namajikijolo, izinambuzane. Abakhethi ekudleni, kepha futhi bangamakha!
Ungathola izimpendulo eziwusizo zemibuzo. mayelana nezinja ezikudlayo ekhaya embhalweni ohlukile.
Inja ye-Meadow: ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
- IQINISO EBALULEKILE
- Igama: Inja emnyama enomsila (Cynomys ludovicianus)
- Indawo: ENtshonalanga US
- Ubungako beqembu lezenhlalo: abantu abangu-10 - 20 abaseCoteria, izinkulungwane edolobheni
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa: izinsuku ezingama-32
- Ukuthola ukuzimela: amaviki ayi-6
- Indawo: Kufika kuma-400 ha
Inja yokuqapha nenobuqili idonsa ihlumela lezihlahlana. Imilenze yayo ivumelana nezimo kangangokuba isilwane singabamba ihlumela kube sengathi lisesandleni “sokwenza”.
Izinja ezingamamaki, ezikhethe ukuhlala entshonalanga United States, kungenzeka zingazijwayeli kakhulu kubantu abaningi baseYurophu. Ngokwesilinganiso sazo, lezi zilwane zidlala indima ebalulekile, ngoba zithinta kakhulu imvelo.
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, izinja ezidla izindwani, ezazithathwa njengezinambuzane zomhlaba wezolimo, zaba yinto ekhankasela umkhankaso omkhulu wokuzibhubhisa. Njengomphumela wokuzingela okunjalo, ngaphansi kwama-2% alezi zilwane kushiywe kubantu bokuqala bezinhlobo.
Ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuziphatha kwezinja ezisetshenziselwa ukuzithokozisa kuthakazelisa kakhulu izazi zezilwane. Ochwepheshe bafundela izinja ezimnyama ezinomsila omnyama futhi zivame ukuzisho njengezibonelo zakudala zokuphumelela kokuhlangana kwamaqembu.
Izinja ze-Meadow zingabameleli bamagundane omndeni we-squirrel (ngokwesibonelo, ama-squirrel ajwayelekile nampunga ayizihlobo zawo). Imvamisa abantu ngabanye bakhula babe ngama-30 cm ubude futhi babe nesisindo sekhilogremu, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Izinja zedlelo zinama-paws amakhulu anezinsika eziqinile eziguqulwe zalungiswa. Lezi zilwane zibizwa ngezinja ngoba zenza imisindo ekhonkotha, njengemidlwane. Izinja ezingamamaki ikakhulukazi zidla utshani namaqabunga, ingxenye encane yokudla kwazo izinambuzane nezibungu, yize lokho okukhethwayo kungandile ngamagundane. Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zalezi zilwane ziyaziwa yisayensi, kepha kulesi sihloko sizogxila ezinhlotsheni ezivame kakhulu - inja ebomvu enomsila (Supotus ludovicianus).
Idolobho lezinja
Ukubingelela nokuzilungisa ngoboya yizici ezihlukile zokuziphatha zezinja zezinsana. Ama-squirrel amaningi emhlabathini ahlala ngamaqembu amakhulu, kepha isihlobo sawo esisondelene, i-squirrel yomhlaba waseYurophu, bakhetha umgodi ohlukile ngaphakathi koloni.
Ukungena kuzimbobo "zasemadolobheni" zezinja zemihlambi kunguhlaka olusetshenziswe ngendlela emnyama oluvela kumamitha amabili. Umqando uphakathi kwamamitha angama-30 ubude.Izilwane zimbiwa inhlabathi ezungeze umnyango. Igquma elenziwe njengama-cone afinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama lisebenza njengendawo yokubuka nokuvikela ezikhukhula. Ngokwesilinganiso, kufinyelela ku-100 ukungena okunjalo kutholakala kwihektha elilodwa, okuvumela izinja ukuba zicashe endaweni ephephile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Emgodini kunama-pantries okudla, amakamelo ezezindlu nezinye izakhiwo. Zonke zisondele ebusweni, ngakho-ke izinja zihlala zizwa uma kunezilwane ezidla ezinye eduze.
Amadolobha ezinja zezimbongi zinomthelela obalulekile ekuphilisweni kwama-steppes. Izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zingahlala emiseleni engenalutho, kufaka isikhova sonogwaja kanye ne-erret enezinyawo ezimnyama - izinhlobo ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Imikhuba yokudla izinja ibuye ithinte imifino nokusiza ukukhula kwe shrub, okulungele izilwane ezidla imfuyo.
Umndeni
Njengomthetho, amazinyane angama-4-5 azalwa ezinjeni unyaka nonyaka. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezingaboni futhi ezingaboni zihlala zingcwatshwe amasonto ayisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala ukushiya umgodi futhi ngokushesha bayeka ukudla ubisi. Ukukhula okuncane kusala ne-coterie kuze kube iminyaka emibili, bese abesilisa beshiya bakha i-coterie yabo. Abesifazane abasesimweni esisheshayo sokushiya nokuzala emndenini.
Ubudlelwano e-coteria busondele kakhulu. Amalungu omndeni akhomba omunye nomunye ngesiko elibizwa ngokuthi “ukwanga.” Zisondelana ngemilomo yazo ivulekile, izilwane zithinta amazinyo. Isehlakalo esijwayelekile phakathi kwezinja ezifukelayo ukuhlanza ngenye indlela amajazi oboya bomunye nomunye. Abesifazane bavame ukuncelisa izingane zezintombi zabo. Noma kunjalo, abesilisa bahlala kude esidlekeni kuze kube yilapho amathole esefinyelele amasonto amaningana. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bavame ukuvikela ilungelo lokungena endaweni ekhethiwe. Ukulwa nezakhamizi zakwamanye ama-coteries akuvamile ukusikisela ukulwa ngokomzimba.
Inja yedlelo ibheka ukugqunywa kwenhlabathi ezungeze umnyango wokuya ekhamelweni lakhe. Umndeni ngamunye unensimu yawo engaphansi komhlaba, lapho kuhlala abantu abaningi.
Izinja ziyethusa omunye nomunye, zibopha amazinyo bese zisusa umsila wazo, kanye nokujaha umphikisi.
Iwashi elilindile
Emini, umgodi ugadwe ngumlindi oyedwa. Umi ngedolo eduze komnyango wokungena, ukusuka lapho angabona khona ingozi. Amehlo esilwane atholakala engxenyeni ephezulu yekhanda, enikeza ukubonakala okuhle kakhulu okuyindilinga. Lapho umlindi ethola noma yikuphi ukusongela, ukhipha isiginali eyingozi, efana nokukhonkotha, ngaleyo ndlela axwayise wonke umuntu ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokucasha emgodini.
Kukholelwa ukuthi izinja ezidlelanayo zinolunye lwezilimi ezinzima kunazo zonke izilwane. Kwaqoshwa imisindo engaphezu kwe-11, okukhombisa ukubonakala kwabazingeli abathile eduzane. Imisindo ihambisana nokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene, okuvumela izilwane ezizungezile ukuthola imininingwane ephelele ngengozi. A.
Izinhlobo zezinja zedlelo
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo zinzima ukuhlukanisa, kuyisiko ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezinhlanu zezinja ezifukelayo:
- UCynomys gunnisoni - Inja yegundane kaGunnison,
- UCynomys ludovicianus - Inja ebomvu enomsila,
- UCynomys leucurus - inja ebomvu enomsila,
- Ama-Cynomys parvidens - inja ye-jute meadow,
- I-Cynomys mexicanus - inja ye me Methan.
Izinhlobo zamagundwane ziyehluka ngezindlela zokwazisa ngomsindo nezinye izici zokuziphatha, isibonelo, usayizi nokwakheka kwama-molars. Isihloko somsila wezinja zaseMexico nezisinamathanga amnyama sinombala omnyama, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo simhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akuwona wonke amagundane alala ebusika: inja ebhekwe ngumbala omnyama, ehamba ngokuzithoba ikhava yeqhwa, ikhombisa i-vivacity yonyaka wonke. Kepha-ke inja emhlophe enomsila ingena ezingalweni zikaMorpheus cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Izinja ezingamamaki zingabameleli bomdabu bezilwane zaseNyakatho Melika, ngokunembile, izindawo zayo ezingapheli. Uhla lwamagundane luqala kusuka esifundeni esiseningizimu nesifundazwe saseCanada eSaskatchewan bese lithumba izifundazwe eziningana zase-US - North naseNingizimu Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Wyoming, Utah, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico, Colado nase-Arizona.
Kukhona izinja ezidlelwayo ezifundeni eziningana zaseNyakatho / Central Mexico. Izindonga zihlela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu esigodini nasezindaweni eziwugwadule, lapho kunotshani obuncane khona. Abesabi ukuphakama - izilwane zabonwa ezindaweni zezintaba (ngenhla kwamakhilomitha amathathu ngaphezu kolwandle).
Ukudla kwenja yokudla
Ukudla kwamagundane ikakhulukazi kuyimifino, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyazidonsa ngamaprotheni ezilwane, kudla izinambuzane ezinama-steppe. Ukuhamba uyofuna okuphakelayo, hlala eduze nezimbobo. Iqiniso lokuthi izinja ezidla izambane likapondo liyohlala enhlabathini iyotshela inhlabathi enempandla impela: izinduku zibonda kahle utshani obukhula phezu kwayo ukuze bungavimbi umbono.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Kunedatha encane ekubhanweni kwezinja zemihlambi. Ngakho-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi isikhathi sabo sokuzala siqala kanye ngonyaka futhi siphela (ngomanyolo ophumelelayo) ngodoti owodwa. Owesifazane uthwala inzalo isikhathi esingangenyanga (kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuye kwezingama-32), ebeletha entwasahlobo (ngoMashi, ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi) izinsana eziyizimpumputhe ezingama-2-10. Baqala ukubona cishe izinsuku ezingama-33-37, kuthi lapho befika eminyakeni engu-7 amasonto sebevele bezimele futhi baqale ukukhasa ngaphandle komgodi.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhula okusha kufinyelela ukuzala sekwephuze kakhulu, ngokuvamile hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3. Izazi zemvelo ziphawule ukuthi imvamisa isizukulwane esidala samagundwane esishiya izimbobo ezihlala lapho, sishiya "ubusha" lapho.
Abesilisa nabesilisa asebekhulile bazama ukwandisa indawo yabo yokuhlala benciphise omakhelwane babo, bangene emingceleni yabo, noma bahambe bayofuna iziza zamahhala. Lapha zifakiwe, zibambe izimbobo zazo futhi zibambisane emndenini wazo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ngokweminye imibiko, esikhathini eside esidlule bekukhona izinja eziningi ezikhulukazi emhlabeni, kunabantu, kepha ezokugcina ziphumelele ukunciphisa inani lamagundane. Abalimi baseNyakatho Melika baqala ukuqothulwa ngonya, bekholelwa ukuthi amagundane adla uhlaza olenzelwe imfuyo. Lezi zibalo ezilandelayo ezishaqisayo zashicilelwa: ngonyaka we-1905, inani lezinja eziseduzane ezazihlala eTexas, kwakukhona izilwane ezingaba yizigidi ezingama-800, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka inani labo lehle laya ezigidini ezingama-2.2.
Isizathu sokwehla bekungukuthuthuka okunamandla kwezindawo zokudumisa, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukulima kwabo. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezinja zamadlelo akukwazanga ukuthinta isibalo sezinye izilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu. Izimbangi zilahlekelwe ukudla kwazo okujwayelekile (izinduku eziningi), kanye nama-herbivores - izindlu zokukhosela ezinobuhlakani ezazihlinzeka izinja mahhala.
Izindonga zikwazi kahle ukudingiselwa futhi zijwayela abantu. Inja yensimu efakwe ekhaya ayifuni ukuphunyula ekudingisweni futhi iyayithanda indlu yayo.
Ikhaya
Isitsha lapho isilwane siyohlala khona kumele sibe sibanzi ukuze simbele umgodi onethezekile lapho. Ngalezi zinhloso, ungashintshela i-aquarium enkulu noma ikheji eligcwele inhlabathi noma isihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga izinto zokuhlobisa, amagatsha namathoyizi okuthi isilwane nakanjani sizame ngawo izinyo. Thenga izimfanelo zokhuni uma ungafuni ukuthi i-rodent ifakwe ubuthi yipulasitiki.
Vele, ekhejini kufanele ubeke isitsha sokuphuza ngamanzi amasha kanye nesondisi se-ceramic esindayo ukuze luhlale luzinzile. Kodwa ngisho nezimo zokuphila ezinhle azihlali ziqinisekisa impilo ende yomngane wakho omusha.
Kubalulekile! Zonke izinja ezidlayo ziyi-thermophilic ngokweqile, futhi noma zingazifihli (njenge-black-tailed), ziyakwazi ukubamba amandla noma ukucwilisa isikhathi eside uma izinga lokushisa lomoya e-aquarium lehla laya ku-+12 degrees Celsius.
Ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, umzimba we-rodent uhlangabezana ne-hypothermia, esivame ukuholela kumakhaza. Uma uthola ukuthi isilwane asifudumele ngokwanele, sebenzisa isiqaqa sokufudumeza, sibeke isilwanyana esishubile kuso.
Ukondla izingane
Abathengisi abangathembekile bavame ukunikela ngezinsana ezingazifundanga ukudla zodwa. Izilwane ezinje zivame ukuba nesendlalelo esincane kakhulu "samafutha ezingane": azinaso isikhathi sokukuqoqa, ngoba zisheshe zilunyulwe amabele zikanina. Lezi zihlobo ezimpofu zizodinga futhi indawo yokufudumeza, kepha udinga ukuyibeka emkhakheni owodwa we-aquarium (ukuyibeka ngaphansi kwephansi) ukuze ikhuphu elifudumele lihambele kwelinye, ekhoneni elipholile.
Ukondla izingane, uzodinga isirinji ne-Pedialyte (ikhambi le-elekthronikhi lezingane ezinesifo sohudo) ezithengwa ekhemisi. Bese uqhubeka ngokulandelayo:
- Hlanganisa ubisi olufudumele lonke kanye ne-pedialyte (ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo). Kungcono ukuthenga ubisi olukhethekile lwezingane.
- Yondla ingane yakho enesisindo esingu-150-200 g, ngokungenisa kancane kancane ingxube emlonyeni wakhe.
- Ukondla kwenziwa njalo emahoreni ama-2-5, kuqashwa isimo sesifuyo.
- Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba awuphelelwa uketshezi.
Ungayifudumeza ingane ngokushisa komzimba wayo, ngokwesibonelo, esifubeni, ukumvumela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba aphefumulele umoya ukuze i-rodent ingaboli.
Ukudla kwamagundane abantu abadala
Inja eyodwa yedlelo entwasahlobo / ehlobo idla cishe 1 kg yotshani ngeviki. Utshani, njengohlobo oluphezulu kakhulu lokuphakelayo, kufanele okungenani kudle ama-3/4 ekudleni kwansuku zonke. Futhi kumenyu yezinja zemvelo kufanele ibekhona:
Ekwindla, ngokushoda kotshani, amahlamvu awile nawo kufanelekile. Ebusika, ungashintsha kumifino kanye nanoma yimiphi imifino eluhlaza.
Izindlela zokuqapha
Uma i-rodent ihamba ngokukhululeka efulethini, libuyisele ekheji / e-aquarium lapho usuka ekhaya. Ugqoko wekati olufakwe kude nendawo yomdlalo futhi “igumbi lokudlela” lilungele indlu yangasese.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhula, izinduku ziba ezolile futhi zingabi nobubi.
Qinisekisa ukufihla izintambo, uvale izisekelo, ungashiyi amakhethini esihlahla sikaKhisimusi namakhemikhali asendlini esizindeni somphakathi. Musa ukulahla amasokisi nezinye izinto ezincane - izinja ze-meadow ngokuqinisekile zizowathatha bese ziwafihla.