Izindaba zensimu endala * Ama-vertebrates

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Maduze nje kugcwele ukusebenza nokukhathazeka, kulungile, azikabalwa izinsuku ezishisayo. Imifino ekhanyayo yamahlamvu entwasahlobo kancane kancane yaba ingqikithi eyinhloko yokunqoba kwe-symphony kaMay. I-Cherry ne-plum sekuvele kwehle iveli elimhlophe, amaqabunga amancane acwebezelayo amboze amathambo esihlahla angabonakali. Waziphonsa ngemivimbo emhlophe yama-hawthorn inflorescences. Welulela ngasehlobo ihlobo elikhulu lama-barberry, elenga kwisipinashi sakhe eside kuphakamisa umphetho onamakha ophuzi ovame kakhulu we-inflorescence. Kuqhamuke onogada be-viburnum abangamasentimitha ayishumi embusweni wezimbali, kepha ama-lace-nimbus abo amhlophe qhwa awakakadalulwa. Ngokuphambene, ama-spireas waphezulu entwasahlobo ayezama amacala eminyeni yeparele. Ikholomu yenyosi ebabayo yaphefumulelwa yathi: "Hosana!"

Izinceku ezinamazinyo abeke izinsikazi ngokuphepha emaqandeni azo, futhi, njengoba kufanele abamele abanobulili obuqinile, kwenza izindlebe zabo zihlabelele. Izikhukhula ezazigcwele izikhukhula zazungeze izingadi ezisezingeni eliphansi. Isibalo semindeni sikhuphuke ngokusobala, ngokusobala, i-arborvitae yami ibe nomphumela omuhle kakhulu kubemi balezi zidalwa ezincane. Ngathatha ikhamera, ngathatha umculo, ngizama ukulingisa umuntu oyisitshudeni osemqoka we-engordle engadini, iBluethroat yami. Uphume ebaleka ehlathini, ehleli endaweni ayithandayo intambo esekela intambo kagesi, eyelulelwe endlini ejulile engadini, waqalaza ngelukuluku nangentukuthelo:
- Ngubani ozama ukuncintisana nami lapha?

Ngiqhubekile nokuphakamisa, futhi umculi waqala, wagwaza ilanga elishisayo ngethilogremu entsha ekholisayo - ngisho kakhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ngenkathi esaphikisana ngokuthi ngubani obaluleke kakhulu, onekhono kunabo bonke lapha, angizange ngiphikise futhi, ngimi ngemuva kwamagilebhisi, wathatha izithombe eziningi njengoba ngangifuna ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-bluethroat kulula kakhulu ukuyizwa, kepha kunzima ukuyibona, imvamisa ifihla uthango. Ubusuku bami cishe sonke isikhathi buqondiswa amaqhinga alula, bagxumela esiteji. I-Bluethroat - inyoni evela ku-Nightingale yohlobo, isakazeka ngendlela engachazeki ngokumangazayo. Ukushaywa kwempempe nokuchofoza, okufana nethrafikhi yase-nightingale, kufakwe izingcezu zezingoma ezimnandi, ezithuthukisa, njengomuntu onamandla weqiniso. Abesilisa kuphela abahlabelelayo - ngentshiseko, abalondolozi izwi, sengathi banambitha i-tart, esobala, umoya ogcwele uthando.

Uhlobo lomhlobiso wesifuba wama-bluethroats lwaluhluke kakhulu, ngeke uwathole amawele. Umculi wami upendiwe imibala enemibala yasentwasahlobo ikakhulukazi. Yinhle ihembe le-azure-eliphambi kombala obukhulu, ogcwele, phakathi nendawo lapho kukhanya khona indawo ebomvu yezitini, futhi phansi kuhlanganiswe nomngcele ophindwe kabili - obukhazikhazi, njengokodwe olugobekile, omnyama futhi obomvana ngophakathi. Izimpaphe ezibomvu zifihla emsileni, ezibonakala kahle ngesikhathi sezindiza. Ucezwana ku-bib, ubizwa ngokuthi yizinwele ezibomvu, ukuxosha futhi ngasikhathi sinye sokugcotshwa, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka eRussia. Ngesikhathi sokucula, indoda izigcina iqondile futhi ingqongqo, njengesililo seBolshoi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuhlonishwayo. Lokhu kuyinyoni enhle, ebanzi, futhi amaSweden enza ngokungafanele, ayibiza ngesiLatini ngokuthi yi-Nightingale yaseSweden.

Isiphethu esithambile samanje siyinzuzo engalindelekile ye-phlox enjenge-awl. Iziqhingi ezipinki, ezinomqondo omncane onsomi weziqhingi, zihlakazeke ngamazinga entwasahlobo esizeni esinethezekile futhi okwesikhathi eside ngokumangazayo kuhlelo lweMay Flower Festival. Kunamagumbi amaningi asendle asendle, yonke into ekhula lapho ixazulula, lapho ufuna khona, lapho kukhona khona isikhala samahhala, umlimi akanasikhathi esanele sokunakekela, kepha ngokumangazayo! Ngemuva kwalokho ngokuzumayo i-lilac izovuka embewini engahleliwe ehlwanyelwe ngumoya (lelo lilac elihle lombala ogcwele ngokungagcwele olukhula engadini alakhiqizi amahlumela).Lapho-ke i-clove yaphakade ikhula ngqo emendweni, asikho isikhathi sokuyifaka esikhundleni, ngihamba, ngenhlonipho nangokucophelela, ngaphandle kokungena endundumeni empunga, sesivele sithola ama-inflorescences. I-lilac, empeleni, iyingqayizivele - amakhandlela amakhulu ansomi adlala elangeni ngemithunzi yepinki emnyama - umhawu wendawo yonke. Siyethemba ukuthi izithombo ezitholwe embewini ye-lilac zizophinda izimfanelo ezinhle zokuzala. Futhi kwizinyoni, ukunganaki ukubusa engadini kuyipharadesi langempela.

I-Spring ngokungakhathali ivuza ukuphefumlelwa. Imizwa, imizwa ilahla isembozo sonyaka odlule, izimfanelo ezinhle zingena kuzo zonke izinhliziyo.

Kubukeka sengathi inyoni ibukeka kanjani "bib" eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Le nyoni ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Abesilisa nabesifazane cishe bayalingana. Isisindo sabesilisa: kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-23 amagremu, izinsikazi: kusuka ku-13 kuya ku-21 amagremu.

I-Bluethroat (lat.Luscinia svecica)

Umbala wale nyoni uphakama ngenxa yendawo ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endaweni yesifuba namapheya abomvu endaweni ye-suprapochis. Kodwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lesi sici esihlukanisayo sibonisa kuphela ama-bluethroats wesilisa. Abesifazane badwetshwa ngokungalingani. Emadodeni, emuva inombala onsundu noma onsundu. Ama-bluethroats abesifazane esifubeni nasemphinjeni anombala okhanyayo, ezinye izimpaphe ziba nsundu. Amawashi ama-bluethroats anomthunzi omnyama, uqhwaku lumnyama, luncane ngosayizi.

Ungubani, lo robin

Le nyoni inamagama amaningi. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-robin, zaryanka, kokusa, i-alder. Uma siphendukela kuma-systematics wesayensi, khona-ke iZaryanka iyinyoni evela emndenini wabathengi be-flycatchers be-genus thrush. Kuzo zonke izici zezinto eziphilayo, kusondele kuma-Nightingales, noma kunjalo, ukubekwa komzimba kuhlukile - ku-nightingales umzimba utholakala ikakhulukazi ngokuqondile, futhi ku-robin - ngandlela thile.

I-robin ihlukile kune-nightingale nombala. Le nyoni ebambe ibele lewolintshi eduze kwenyoni eboshwe kakhulu eRussia ibukeka ikhanya kakhulu futhi iyabonakala. I-Nightingale kuphela yase-East Eastern yase-Nightingale, esifubeni sayo sihlotshiswe ngehembe elikhulu elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka eliphambili, elingancintisana ngamapayipi akhanyayo ne-zaryanka.

Ngaphezulu kwenyoni, i-zaryanka ingwephuzi lomnqumo, ibunzi layo, izihlathi ne-goiter zibomvu ngokugqamile, isisu sikhanya, cishe simhlophe, kanti isifuba sinombala okhanya ngombala obomvu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke ama-zaryanok anendawo ekhanyayo ezifubeni zawo, asenayo i-dimorphism yezocansi. Njengezinyoni eziningi, iduna linamabala akhanyayo kunawesifazane. Ngaphezulu, imhlophe nje, kepha ihembe langaphambili lidwetshwe ngemibala egqamile enwebeka ngayo yonke indlela ekhanda, ifinyelela cishe entanyeni.

Izinyoni ezincane zi-motley, umhlane wazo un nsundu enamabala abomvu. Izintambo, umphimbo, isifuba nezinhlangothi kudwetshwe ngamathoni abomvu. Belly nangemuva komsila kumhlophe.

Njengakwezinyoni eziningi, iduna linamabala akhanya kakhulu kunawesifazane. Ngaphezulu ngimpunga efanayo, kodwa ingaphambili lehembe lipendiwe ngemibala egqamile.

Ngakho-ke, umbala obomvu esifubeni ubonakala kubantu abadala kuphela. Intsha esanda kushiya isidleke ayikhanyi kangako futhi ayibonakali.

Le ncazelo yokungagcini ngokocansi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhambelana kobudala obuhambisana nobudala kuholela emcabangweni ongajwayelekile. Labo bantu abangadingi ukubamba amaqanda futhi bondle amachwane banombala ovikelayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amarobhothi amadala, okuthi ikusasa lam amaphupho ancike kuwo, agqoke kahle futhi kubonakale kakhulu. Lokhu kungachazwa kanjani?

Izimpaphe zombala njengolwazi

Kungani izinyoni zikhanya kangaka? Ubani lo robin upendiwe kahle kangaka ibele lakhe? Emva kwakho konke, ngakho-ke ususa imbewu. Noma yimuphi umhlaseli, noma engaboni ngamehlo, uzobona udwayi obomvu egxumela ezihlahleni. Futhi lapha hhayi abesilisa kuphela, kepha nabesifazane banendawo enhle.

Ezinyoni, umbono yisakhi esiyinhloko semizwa ethola ulwazi ngaso. Kuzo zonke izibonakaliso eziningi ezibonakalayo, izinyoni, okokuqala, kudingeka zibone isitha, ukudla, amaphuphu kanye nabantu bohlobo lwazo, ikakhulukazi uma kungummeleli wobulili obuhlukile.

Umuntu ngamunye unamamaki wokuhlonza, okungenziwa ngawo ukuthi abalwa esigabeni se "uqobo". Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana. Indawo ekhanyayo ku-robin yenza umsebenzi wophawu lokumazisi lokuthi ungoluphi:

zinikezwe izinhlobo
ubulili obuthile
izigaba zokuvuthwa.

Umehluko ekukhazimuleni nasekuhlelweni kwezindawo ezi-raspberry zinikeza umuntu imininingwane yokuthi kukhona ophikisana naye noma ozalwa naye phambi kwakhe. Njengoba lezi zinyoni zingavikeleki, umbala wazo awunakuthwala umsebenzi wokubona inyamazane engaba khona. Kodwa izinyoni ezibomvu ezinamachwane abomvu kuwuphawu lokuthi inyoni yazo indizele zona, ezingazondla. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho udinga khona ukumemeza futhi uvule umlomo wakho ubanzi. Uma okuthile kubuna ngaphandle kwendawo ekhanyayo, khona-ke udinga ukufriza buthule, ukuhlangana nesidleke.

Ngakho-ke, imibala efiphele yenyoni encane ithwala ubungozi obuthile bokungaxubeki, kepha ikuvumela ukuthi uthole imininingwane oyidingayo ngokushesha, ukuqaphela umlingani wakho ngokuzikhandla kokondla abalandelayo.

Igalari: irobhothi lenyoni (izithombe ezingama-25)

Ukuziphatha kwe-Nesting

Isidleke sogobhothi sakhiwe emhlabathini, ezindaweni zemvelo, nasezihlahleni eziphansi. Izinto zokwakha zingamahlamvu, phansi notshani ama-blade. Amaqanda nawo anemibala yotshani obomile. Zimpunga kancane, kwesinye isikhathi ziphuzi, zicishe zibe mhlophe, zinamabala abomvu.

Umbala okhanyayo wenyoni encane uthwala ubungozi obuthile bokungaxhumeki, kepha kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imininingwane oyidingayo ngokushesha, uqaphela umlingani wakho

I-Zaryanka - izinyoni ezifudukayo. Ngaphandle kokuqhakaza kwabo futhi banamathele ekudleni kwezinambuzane, bafika kusenesikhathi futhi bahambe sekwedlule isikhathi. Ngemuva kokuqala ubusika, avela endaweni yakithi ngoMashi, lapho kusekhona iqhwa futhi kukhona amazinga okushisa okungenani.

Kufika abesilisa kuqala. Kusuka kulowo msebenzi - ukuvikela indawo kusukela ekungeneni kwezinye izinsikazi zalolu hlobo, ukuvikela isidleke esidala noma ukwakha okusha. Izinsikazi zifika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho owesilisa esevele ehlunge izidleke nezindawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuqala iminyaka yezinambuzane zokuqala. Ngakho-ke ngoMeyi usuvele ubeke amaqanda.

Imvamisa ku-clutch eyodwa kukhona amaqanda ama-5-8. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sihlala cishe amasonto ama-2. Imichiza ibonakala imhlophe, ibuthaka, ingenalutho, icishe ibe mnyama. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, omunye wabazali uhlala ebafudumeza ngomzimba wakhe.

Esidlekeni sabazali, amachwane awekho ngaphezu kwesibeletho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bashiya isidleke. Ukuhamba okunjalo kusenesikhathi kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amarobhothi anesikhathi sokufaka amaqanda futhi.

Lapho amachwane ephuma esidlekeni, namanje awazi ukuthi angandiza kanjani. Ngalesi sizathu, badwetshwa bahluke kancane kunabazali babo. Zidinga ukuhlangana nemvelo zize zifunde ukundiza kahle, yingakho zipendwe ngemibala yamaqabunga owomile notshani obumnyama.

Onke ama-zaryanka anezingane zemvelo ezinhle kakhulu zomzali. Hhayi nje kuphela lapho bekwazi ukukhulisa izizukulwane zam amaphuphu ama-2 ngesikhathi sasehlobo, bavame ukuthatha ukondla amarobhothi ayizintandane. ICuckoos iyayisebenzisa. Baphonsa iqanda labo elikhulu esidlekeni sezinyoni ezincane. UZaryanka esifiso sabo sokondla bonke abahluphekile, ungaboni ukuthi lokho kungenziwa kungabonakali kangakanani.

Imikhuba nemikhuba yokudla

Le nyoni ithanda ukuhlala ehlathini. Kodwa-ke, akayithandi i-taiga eminyene, kepha ihlangene ihlathi elixubene nendawo engaphansi, imigwaqo, imiphetho yamahlathi namafasitela ehlathi. URobin uwathanda kakhulu amachibi aseduze nezidumbu zamanzi - ezigodini zemifula, osebeni lwamachibi.

I-zaryanka ingaphila eduze komuntu uma ingaphazamisi futhi idale amathanga ngezihlahla zezindawo eziphakeme ezahlukene, ezinezihlahla notshani. Kuliqiniso, amakati ahamba nabantu, aba izitha eziphambili zalezi zinyoni.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi irobhothi libhekwa njengeyinyoni engavikeleki, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho ukudla kwezilwane kungatholakali, kudla imbewu namajikijolo. Phakathi nehlobo, lapho amachwane egwinya esidlekeni, ubaba nonina obomvu ngokunonophela bazingela izimbungulu, izicabucabu, izibungu nokunye ukudla kwamaprotheni.

Emvelweni, izitha eziphambili zamarobhothi, ngaphandle kwabantu namakati, zingabameli bomndeni we-marten (sable, weasel, mink, marten, ferret).Ama-Badger, izimpungushe, izimpisi, kanti futhi, izinja ezifuywayo zithanda ukonakalisa izidleke zabambisi Ezweni lezinyoni, abaphangi abadala kanye namantshontsho abo banesifiso sayo yonke inyoni yezinyamazane, kufaka phakathi ama-shrikes, antshontsha izidleke zamachwane, azidle noma azigcine ngokunamathisela amahlumela noma ameva.

Impilo yonke kaZaryanka, nayo yonke izidalwa zomhlaba, inikelwe ekugcwalisekeni kwemisebenzi emi-2: ukuba yisisekelo sokuphaka kothile futhi kukhawulele inani lomuntu okuyisisekelo sakhe sokuphakelayo. Kodwa-ke, unomsebenzi owodwa ngaphezulu - ukujabulisa umuntu ngezwi lakhe nokugqoka okugqamile.

Ukunaka, NAMUHLA!

UMashi-Ephreli yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuhlola izinyoni ezifudukayo.
Iqhwa ehlathini lase selivele lincibilikile, futhi izihlahla ezikumahlamvu ayengakagqokwa. Kuzungeza kuyakhuthaza
iphunga lamaphayini kanye nemiqumbe livulekile, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kubusa ukubhonga kwezinyoni,
kungazwakala kuphela ngalesi sikhathi. Entwasahlobo, nsuku zonke ehlathini kwehlukile: izinyoni
abahlabeleli bafika ngesikhathi, futhi sinethuba elihle lokwazana
nomuntu ngamunye wabo.

Ebusika, imisindo embalwa ehlathini. Kepha vele ngoFebhuwari, ukubanda kwezinyoni kuzenza zizizwe
endaweni yethu. Abokuqala baqala ukujabula ngenjabulo futhi ngobumnene bakhala okuphuzi
kanye ne-titmouse engwevu kanye nezinceku ezinogesi obukhulu.

Ingxenye enkulu

I-Titmouse efile

I-Tit - Blue Tit

Bullfinch

Cishe kanye kanye nabo, baqala ukugubhuzela kahle ngeziqu zezihlahla
izinkuni ezinamapulangwe mikhulu futhi zifana nazo, kepha kuyaqabukela zinamhlophe.

I-Great Spotted Woodpecker

I-White-backed Woodpecker

I-White-backed Woodpecker neTitmouse

Ngo-Mashi, bahlanganiswa yi-nuthatch, ebonakalayo kalula ngomkhuba wokugijima
ezihlahleni zezihlahla zibheke phansi. I-twi-twi yabo enkulu izwakala kude.

UNuthatch

I-Squeaky, ukufunxa iziqu zemithi, kanye nokudonsa okumbalwa, ongakubona
ngentambo ende ende egobile.

I-Pischa

USiskins namakhosi athule ngokuthula - izinyoni zethu ezincane,
ukukha izihlahla ezikhulu zefir.

USiskin

USiskin endizeni

Inkosi enamakhanda egolide

Amakhosi

Ekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, amahlathi namapaki enkabeni yeRussia ayahamba
i-waxwings - izinyoni ezikhanyayo ezinamahlaya ahlekisayo futhi aqhakazile, kungathi i-wax,
ucezu kwephiko. Isibhakabhaka sigcwele amazwi abo: "Swire-swiri." I-Nest
ama-waxwings ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ze-taiga zaseYurophu, e-Asia naseMelika, nasendaweni yethu
ubusika kuphela.

I-Waxwings

Waxwing

Maphakathi no-Mashi, amanethiwekhi ayephakathi kwabokuqala ukufika. Usayizi we-rook onempunga
kuKhokho. Kulula ukukuqaphela: i-rook ine-plumage emnyama-emnyama, nomuntu omdala
izinyoni zibuye zibe nendandatho yesikhumba esimpunga esimhlophe grey ezizungeze uqhwaku. Futhi ngokuhlukile
kusuka kugwababa lwezinzwa "ikarr", i-rook kancane ithi "krra".

Sezifikile Izimbambo

Rook

Ukulandela izimbambo, kuqhuma izinkanyezi, ezihlotshiswe ngamapulangwe amnyama
amachashazi amaningi, aphonswe ngokugqamile elangeni kangangokuthi kubukeka sengathi aku-velvet
amagugu asakazekile. Bacula ngokuhlukahluka kakhulu kunezinye izinyoni ezincane:
ukuhlabana, chofoza, squint, njengamafutha epanini, kuyilapho kakhulu
uvalekile ngokomoya. Izinkanyezi - ama-mockingbirds amahle - athatha
ithalente lokulingisa amazwi omakhelwane bezinye izinhlobo.

Inkanyezi emnyama

Kufakwe inkanyezi

Kepha abaculi abahamba phambili abayona. Lonke iqhwa alikahleli phansi, kodwa asevele ahamba phezu kwalo,
ukuphendula amahlamvu amahle afune izibungu nezinambuzane zokuqala, izidonsela amandla, kanye
izinhlobo eziningana. Kunemikhakha eminingi yezwi enkulu, futhi
izitebhisi ezinhlanu, indoda ebomvu-ebomvu enophawu olwahlukile ngaphezulu kwamehlo nangobomvu
ama-tan emaceleni, kanye neblackbird enophawu oluyimpunga ephukile emehlweni.
Ingoma emnyama yokuzilibazisa eyi-phlegmatic imnandi ngokungenangqondo futhi inethenda.

I-Thrush - Inkundla Yezemidlalo

I-Thrush - i-Belobrovik

Okumnyama

Nayi iculobird - incanyana, enamabala amaningi ansundu
esiswini esimhlophe. Ugcwele ngezwi elizwakalayo (elazo zonke izinyoni)
iqembu eliphakathi ekuculeni, uphansi, mhlawumbe, kuphela kusihlwa nase-Oriole)
izingcingo ezinkulu eziphindaphindwayo: "UFiliphu! Filiphu! Woza! Woza!
Phuza itiye, phuza itiye! ”- kuzwakale kulo lonke ihlathi lika-Ephreli.

Isihlabelelo

Isidleke sengoma

Izinyoni ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezilingana nondlunkulu bakhethe izindawo ezivulekile,
eqhubeka nokushukumisa umsila - lezi zingamaduna enduna emhlophe
(izintokazi nazo zimnyama futhi zimhlophe, kepha akufani ngokuqhathanisa), ingoma yazo ethile icacisiwe
ama-tweets.

Izinqola ezimhlophe

Izihlobo zabo ezisondelene zidla emasimini: izinqola ezinamabala aphuzi aphuzi.

Izinqola eziphuzi

Inqola enamakhanda aphuzi

Izinyoni ezikhanyayo ngempela zindiza kithi: ama-finches (cap and nape -
mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amabele nesisu - pink, emaphikweni - kuqhathanisa abamnyama futhi
imivimbo emhlophe, kanti emuva inge nsundu yomnqumo) - munye kakhulu
abakhileyo emahlathini naseziqiwini emgqeni ophakathi nendawo okulula ukubona ingoma yabo
"unhlangothi" oyinkimbinkimbi ekugcineni. Iminwe kwesinye isikhathi "i-flicker". Yizwa lokhu
I-ryu-ryu, efana nekhilikithi ngemuva kwesitofu, yazi: lesi akusona izinambuzane, kepha inyoni.
Ngendlela, inyoni ebizwa ngokuthi "ikhilikithi" nayo ikhona. Kwenye indawo bathi
lokho kwamalitha kucula kanjena emvuleni.

Qeda

Ngemuva kwesingeniso esifushane se-melodic enomsindo omkhulu, "Whack!"
i-greenfinch crumble - izinyoni zikhulu kakhulu kune-Finch, ezinesimo esifanayo
umlomo omnyama futhi, njengoba ungacabanga, luhlaza.

IGreenfinch

UZaryanki (owaziwa nangokuthi njengamarobhothi) uwajoyina. Zincane
ondlunkulu futhi wapendwe ngokungagxili: ingaphezulu in nsundu, ibele libomvu ngokubomvu,
isisu simhlophe. UZaryanka - abahlabeleli abahle - ingoma yabo yanele
ahlukahlukene futhi amade; aqukethe ama-shrill noma ama- “metallic”.
Uvame ukuzwakala kusihlwa.

Zaryanka

Ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ama-wands amancane, anomusa, awo
iculo elibukhali "isithunzi-ithunzi-isithunzi-ithunzi-itini" kulula ukukhumbula -
kuyafana nomsindo owenzekayo lapho umgcini wekhaya elungisa imishini esitofu.

I-Penochka - i-shadowovka

I-Vesnichki iyavela, ngaphandle ifana nemithunzi, kodwa iculo labo
kuhluke ngokuphelele - njenge-Finch, kepha ngaphandle kokushaywa unhlangothi.

Foam

Kukhona ama-clappers-rattles - izinyoni eziluhlaza okotshani, ingoma yazo futhi ilula kakhulu
khumbula: kungathi izinhlamvu zemali ziyakhubazeka - "zip-zip-zip, zip, zip-zip-zip-zirrr"

I-wand iyindandatho.

Futhi inkazimulo ikhona. Hlukanisa phakathi kwama-warblers wohlobo oluthile kusuka kolunye (kakhulu
ngokufana ngokubukeka) kulula ukucula. Kulula ukubona ukubheja, ukubheca
ukucula inkazimulo yengadi - kube sengathi umfula ugeleza ngamatshe amatshe.

Ingadi Warbler

Grey Warblers

Kwaduma ihlikihla phezu kwehlathi, futhi masinyane zonke izinyoni ezincane eziseduze
wathula imizuzwana embalwa, ecashile - wonke umuntu wesaba umhlaseli.

Hawk - Sparrowhawk

Iso lika-Hawk

Nakhu ukuthi ubani ondizayo, usayizi wekhokho, umnyama ngokuphelele futhi ekhanda lakhe -
Itende lokugibela elincane elibomvu? Wahlala phansi, wamemeza: "Kyuyuyuyu." Yaphenduka inyumbazane: kunjalo
lomunye umhlaseli? Cha, lesi sihlahla esimnyama esihlala emahlathini ethu,
noma ophuzi, enkulu kunazo zonke kwezinkuni zethu.

I-Woodpecpecker emnyama (ephuzi)

I-Woodpecpecker emnyama nam amaphuphu

Futhi i-Woodpecker encane enamabala iyathanda ukuhlala endaweni yokuphonsa, ngaphezu komfula. Kubukeka sengathi
kumakhelwane wakhe omkhulu, kodwa omncane impela - nondlunkulu.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zingatholakala ngisho naseMoscow, ezihlelweni ezinkulu zamahlathi.

ISpecpec Spotted Woodpecker

Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ama-bluethroats afika. Owesilisa angaqashelwa yi-edged
umucu obomvu webele eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onsundu noma omhlophe,
futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kwayo. I-Bluethroat iyisihlobo esiseduze se-Nightingale. Kuthule
Ingoma yakhe yehlukene kakhulu - imvamisa iqala ngokubambelela,
"ukhamba" ikhodi. Futhi le nyoni iyathanda ukubonisa: owesilisa uyacula futhi uyacula
iculo, bese liyasuka ngokuzumayo, lisakaze amaphiko alo nomsila, futhi kancane kancane, kube sengathi
lapho uhlela, wehlela egatsheni elifanayo. Uyahlekisa, uyaziqhenya ngokuziphakamisa
umsila, ngenkathi ufana nencwadi Y. Zaryanka, ngasendleleni, nayo ikwenza lokhu.
Futhi Nightingale.

I-Bluethroat

Futhi i-Nightingale isizongena ngendiza, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwe-bluethroat. Izinsuku zokuqala
abesilisa base-Nightingale babonakala behlala endaweni entsha, jwayela lesi simo
bathule. Kulula ukuzibona, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi le nyoni engabonakali
(phezulu phezulu onsundu) usayizi kondlunkulu udumile
umculi. Kepha uma ubona i-Nightingale amahlandla ambalwa futhi uyikhumbula, ngeke
cishe ungalenzi iphutha. Ingxenye yesibili kaMeyi nokuqala kukaJuni ebusuku
ubusuku buzojabulisa izindlebe zethu, buye bakhiphe izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhonto nezindandatho.

Nightingale

Ekugcineni, ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izihlahla sezivele zigqoke ngokuphelele amahlamvu,
U-Oriole undizela ngaphakathi. Ubukhulu obukhulu, ophuzi ngokugqamile, ngamaphiko amnyama,
ubonakala kakhulu ngakho-ke uyaqaphela. Kunzima ukumbona, u-Oriole
ithanda izihloko zezihlahla impela. "Fiu-liu" - uzwakala ngenhla kwakhe
iphimbo elinjengomtshingo. Futhi ukukhala kwe-alamu kufana nokumemeza kwekati elinolaka.

U-Oriole

Eduze nehlobo, izingoma ziyancipha: izinyoni azinaso isikhathi sokucula, zimatasa zakha izidleke zikhulisa namachwane. Kepha ekuseni kakhulu, ekuphumeni kwelanga, bonke bacula kuze kube nguJulayi. Amezwi ezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni azwakala ekwindla.

Ukubona izinyoni eziningi kulula impela: udinga nje ukubekezela, uthathe ama-binoculars bese uphumela ehlathini noma epaki eliseduze, uzama ukungawenzi umsindo omkhulu. Cishe ngokushesha, uzozwa ama-Bluebirds, ama-warble, amathunzi, ama-greenfinches kanye nama-Finches, bese kuthi, ngenhlanhla. Bheka ngokucophelela, ubheke amagatsha, ulandele ukunyakaza kwawo, futhi uzobona noma uzwe cishe zonke izinyoni esikhulume ngazo. Futhi mangazi ukuthi umhlaba wezinyoni uhluka kangakanani.

Kulesi sihloko, asizange sikhulume ngamadada kanye namankomane ahlala emachibini amadolobha kanye nemifula, amakhukhunathi, ukugwinya nokushintshana, amakhadi, izikebhe nezinye izinyoni. Okokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ubukhulu, futhi okwesibili, ezinye zalezi zinyoni zaziwa kahle, kanti ezinye zivela enkabeni yeRussia kuphela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi ziphephela emafungwini asemnyama asendulo, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona.

UVadim Boyarkin, uJulia Nakhimova

Imithombo:
Article - iphephabhuku "iSayensi nokuPhila" N3 (2011)
Izithombe - Izithombe ze-Yandex, Izithombe ze-Yandex

Wake wayibona inyoni igqoke i-apron eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Uma kunjalo, khona-ke uhlangane nabakhileyo ezindaweni zethu ezivulekile zaseRussia - inyoni eyi-bluethroat. Eqinisweni, ngokubukeka kwakhe okumangalisayo wayebizwa ngendlela ehlukile: unamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukusa, okwesibhakabhaka, ibele eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi ngakho - i-bluethroat - inyoni ebekwe “isivikelo sesifuba” esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngokwesayensi, i-bluethroat ibizwa ngeLuscinia svecica, okusho ukuthi i-Nightingale yaseSweden. Le nyoni yezwi yabelwa ososayensi ama-oda ama-Passeriformes, umndeni - omnyama, nohlobo - nightingales.

Kungani inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yathola igama elithi bluethroat ngesiRashiya? Kukholelwa ukuthi leli "gama" laqhamuka egameni elithi "varakat", okungukuthi, ukuxoxa ngeze. Ngakho-ke, kuvela - le nyoni ithanda "ukukhuluma"? Ake sibheke ...

Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha emvelweni

Ezindaweni ezihlala khona zemvelo, ama-bluethroats akhetha izigodi zemifudlana, izingalo zemifula, imithambeka yezifufula, kanye nolwandle. Isimo esiyinhloko sokuhlala okunethezekile simanzi, sigcwele izindawo zezimanzi ezinobukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-bluethroats angatholakala ehlathini le-tundra strip kanye nasehlathini lama-sparse. Le nyoni yakha izidleke zayo emhlabathini.

I-Bluethroat iyi-songbird enhle.

Cishe maphakathi no-Agasti, lezi zinyoni ziqala ukundiza ezindlini ezifudumele zobusika. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ama-bluethroats ayizinyoni ezingashadile. Benza nezindiza hhayi emaphaketheni, kodwa kube munye. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini, i-bluethroat ayindiza kakhulu ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba, kepha ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa ibanga elikhulu kakhulu ngosuku - cishe amakhilomitha ayi-100!

Ukubukeka nomlingiswa

Le nyoni yaqanjwa ngegama elithi "bluff" - ukuphindisela, ukweqa ngaphezulu, lapho lezi zinyoni zingamakhosi amakhulu.

Ukuziphatha kwe-bluethroat kuyahlekisa kangangokuba okuqukethwe kuyo kumnandi kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi i-bluethroat isho izinyoni ezingavikeleki kanti nokuqukethwe kwayo kunezimpawu zayo.

IBlueethroat yinyoni enjengolondlunkulu, kodwa ebukekayo ngokwengeziwe, inciphile, inemilenze ephakeme. Lapho egijimisa utshani ngengoma, ufana nentombazane ehlekisayo enemilenze emide ngezithende eziphakeme. Ubehlobo lokuya phezulu kubo. Yonke iminyakazo yakhe igcwele ngomusa, umusa nobuntu besifazane. Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abantu abangabona i-bluethroat emvelweni.

I-Bluethroat iyinyoni ecashile kakhulu. Uhlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo lapho kunezindawo ezinamanzi, imisele, indawo ephansi egcwele khona u-willow kanye nettle.

Imvamisa ihlala lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Ungesabi ukwakha izidleke eduze kwendlela noma phakathi kwezimbabazi kocingo oludala. Umuntu onaka kuphela futhi oqaphile ongabona le nyoni enhle. Ngakho-ke wandizela phezulu kwegatsha le-willow okwesikhashana ukuze acule iculo lakhe, waphinda wanyamalala otshanini. Ukuyibona ngokuphelele endle cishe akunakwenzeka. Uhlala ebuyela kubantu futhi ulungele ukucasha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukuqapha kwakhe kufana nomdlalo wokufihla nokufuna: ukuvela okwesibili, uyanyamalala bese, ecasha, kugcina umuntu emkhakheni wakhe wokubuka. Noma ungazange umbone, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukubukela ngokucophelela.

I-Bluethroat ukuphela kwenyoni emaplumeni amaduna anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokwemvelo. Ku-plumage yasentwasahlobo, engiyokhumbuleka kakhulu indawo enkulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emqaleni, echazwe ngezansi yisivikelo sesifuba esinemibala emithathu enemibala ehlukene phakathi nendawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ibala elibomvu noma elimhlophe. Ngokusho kwale ndawo, i-bluethroat ibizwa nge-red-star noma i-white-star. Kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwama-bluethroats kukhona nalezo lapho inkanyezi enemibala emibili ngasikhathi sinye: uhhafu ubomvu, uhhafu umhlophe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izisekelo zezimpaphe zenkanyezi kunoma yikuphi ezimhlophe. Ngakho-ke, lapho inyoni icula futhi inyusa intamo, nezinsiba umphimbo zibe zinamathela, lobu mhlophe buqala ukuvela. Umbala omhlophe uqhakaze kakhulu ukuthi ubonakale ngisho nasekuseni, lapho i-bluethroat ivela engomeni yakhe, ihlala ndawo kwenye i-dais.

Ukuthola i-bluethroat, njenge-Nightingale, kuyisicefe. Ngenxa yesibungu sikafulawa, ukulungele ukungena kunoma yisiphi isicupho esizenzakalelayo.

Ekuqaleni, ikheji lisendle kakhulu, lishaya futhi lingaqhekeka. Ukugwema lokhu, esikhathini esiningi emavikini amabili okuqala inyoni igcinwa endaweni yezitho zangasese - ikheji elikhethekile, elimbozwe kuzo zonke izindwangu ngendwangu elula esikhundleni samacembe, noma ikheji lase-nightingale elinamaphiko aboshwe. Angikaze ngiboshwe ngokwami izilwane ezifuywayo; ukubona inyoni ethunjiwe futhi iboshwe kungicindezela njalo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono uma ikhebula le-bluethroat lingolohlobo lwe-Nightingale - enezinhlangothi eziphakeme ngo-8-10 cm, ngezinduku zokhuni nangaphezulu elithambile, okungukuthi, esikhundleni sezinduku, indwangu ekhanyayo ilulwe kakhulu phezulu.

Isitokisi sibekwa phezulu, ezingeni lokukhula komuntu, futhi iningi laso limbozwe ukukhanya, okukhanyayo okokuqala ngqa. Inhloso yalokhu ukwenza ukuthi inyoni ijwayele, ijwayele ukuphepha kwekheji, ukucasha phambi kwakho. Okungenani izigxobo ezimbili zibekwe ekhejini. Babekwa ukuze ukudla namanzi kungangcoliswe. Ekuqaleni, lapho ubona abantu, i-bluethroat ingahle igxume ivele kulolu hlangothi iye ezansi kweseli, noma icashe ngemuva kwezicubu. Kancane kancane, inyoni iyehlisa, iyeke ukwesaba futhi icashe okuncane. Ngokushesha ilukuluku lithatha izintambo, bese i-bluethroat iqala ukukubuka, ibheka ngemuva kwe-cape. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungayesabi inyoni - akufanele ukhulume kakhulu eduze kwekheji, wenze ukunyakaza okungazelelwe futhi akukuhle ukuvumela izingane nezilwane ukuba zingene ekhejini. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi i-bluethroat akuyona i-canary, yize lokhu kungemnandi futhi kungeyona ithoyizi lezingane. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nokudla kwase-nightingale, kuyadingeka ukunikeza izibungu zikafulawa kwi-bluethroat. Imvamisa, ngemuva kwamaviki amabili noma amathathu, izicubu ziqala ukuguquka kancane kancane - okokuqala zimboze i-perch eyodwa bese zisuswa ngokuphelele.

Amanzi yisimo esidingekayo empilweni ye-bluethroat. Amanzi ukuthanda kwakhe. Phakathi kwezingubo zezingoma, iBluethroat iyisithandwa esithandeka kakhulu sokugeza.Ekuthunjweni, le nkanuko iphenduka uhlobo oluthile lwe-mania. Umuntu kufanele abeke kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile, njengoba engena ngokushesha kuwo futhi anwebeke aze abe manzi ku feather yokugcina futhi asakaze yonke into ezungeze imitha elilodwa nehafu lamamitha! Ngakho-ke, ishubhu lokugeza elivaliwe lizokusindisa kusuka kwiphephadonga elimanzi nokungcola okuzungeze ikheji. Isigaxa esimanzi esidabukisayo, kodwa esijabulisayo siyothalaza sizungeze i-cage bese sishunqisa uphahla lwaso. Kepha lapho nje isoma kancane, inyoni ibuye iqale ukubenyezela ngayo yonke imibala yayo emibalabala.

Lapho ugcina ama-Bluffs, eyodwa kucatshangelwe eyodwa. I-Bluethroat ingaba umngane wakho kuphela ngesimo sakho somusa kuye. Esikhathini esiningi ozoxhumana naye, uxoxe, umhlinzekele ukwelashwa, maduzane uzokwakha ubungane nawe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uzidonsele ndawonye noma ukudonsa umsila, njengoba ama-budgerigars evumela. I-bluethroat ayikuvumeli ukujwayela okunjalo. Mngani umngani, kepha gcina ibanga lakho! Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngesimo sesineke nesinomusa, i-bluethroat ifunda ukuphuma futhi ingene ekhejini, iba cishe ifiphele - kuthatha kalula isibungu sikafulawa emunweni wakho, futhi uma uyinika ithuba lokundiza uzungeze igumbi - lizokulandela futhi lixoshe. okokudlayo.

Ukuze umqeqeshe ukuba ahambe futhi angene esitokisini yedwa, kudingeka ukubekezela kuphela. Vula umnyango bese uvumela inyoni ukuthi uyijwayele. Bese ubeka okuthile okumnandi phambi komnyango. Akunakwenzeka ukuphoqa inqubo yokubopha, inyoni kumele yenze konke ngokuzithandela, ngaphandle kokuphoqelela. Futhi ngokuphelele akunakwenzeka ukumshayela uzungeze igumbi ukumshayela ekhejini: umshiye yedwa isikhashana. Ayeke ukulamba okuncane. Ngemuva kwalokho faka izibungu ezimbalwa zikafulawa ekhejini eliseceleni komnyango. Ngaphansi kwemizuzu embalwa, le nyoni izohlala esiqongweni sayo ngesibungu esiluqhweni lwayo.

Ukondla

Ukudla kwama-nightingales, ama-bluethroats, ama-redstart nezinye izinyoni ezingavikeleki kuyingxube yoshizi we-cottage omisiwe, izaqathe ezigayiwe nezithosiwe, amaqanda abilisiwe kanye nechobozekile, i-gammarus eyomile, inyama ebilisiwe yomhlabathi. Lokhu kusethiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithandwa ngasinye sihlukanisa le ngxube nezithasiselo zayo - ebusika zengeza izingwegwe ezomile, isinkwa, isobho, ubisi, amajikijolo kanye nejinja ebomvu, i-gooseberry kanye ne-raspberry, i-currant, njll. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lapho ukudla kuhlukahluka, Isilwane sakho esifuywayo siyozizwa sikhululekile kakhudlwana. Futhi-ke, zonke izinsuku ngesimo se-goodies udinga ukunikeza izibungu zikafulawa ezi-6,7.

Manje, ukudla okhethekile kwezinyoni ezingavikeleki kungeniswa ezitolo zethu zezilwane. Lokhu kudla kuyinto enhle ngoba ayonakalisi isikhathi eside futhi ungashiya nayo inyoni usuku noma ezimbili. Ngeshwa, lokhu kudla akutholakali ndawo zonke, futhi intengo yayo iphakeme impela.

Vele, akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nesiphuzo. Amanzi okuphuza anganikezwa futhi kufanele anikezwe endishini ehlukile kangcono kunesitsha sokuphuza futhi utjheje ukuhlanzeka kwawo.

Ukucula

IB Bluethroat ingumculi omkhulu. Ingoma yakhe iqoqo lezizwe ezibolekwe kwezinye izinyoni. Kepha lokhu akuyona into elula. I-bluethroat ibhala ngekhono imisebenzi yonke kubo. Futhi uma umsakazo uqala ukuzwakala eduze noma enye inyoni icula ekhejini, umncintiswano uqala: kuzoculwa obani. Ososayensi abafunde iculo leBlueethroat bathole ukuthi ngezingoma zabo, izinyoni "zingaxhumana" izindaba zakamuva zomphakathi ezinamakhanda kuwo wonke umuntu osondelene nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucula izingoma zomakhelwane babo, ukuzishintsha, kungabethusa futhi kungalethe nokuhlaselwa imizwa.

IBlueethroat ebanjwa lapho ifika iqala ukucula evikini lokuqala. Ekuqaleni kuthulile, kepha nsuku zonke kuya ngokuya kukhula. Umuzwa ngukuthi, ngaphandle kokudingiswa, izimo ezintsha zokuphila, umkhathi, into enyameni inamandla ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu.

Ngeshwa, phakathi kwama-bluethroats kukhona nabantu abathule. Ngakho-ke, ama-birders, ngaphambi kokuzitholela umculi wekusasa, ahamba amakhilomitha amaningi entwasahlobo kuze kube yilapho izindlebe zawo zime engomeni yethalente elithile elivelele.

Ubudlelwano nezinye izinyoni

Izinyoni eziningi zibhanqa kuphela isikhathi sokuzalela. Ngezinye izikhathi, abanandaba ngokuphelele komunye nomunye, okubi kakhulu - bahlela ukulwa.

Ama-Bluethroats ngokunakekelwa okuhle ahlala iminyaka emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha - anele ezinyoni zalolu hlobo. Emvelweni, isikhathi sokuphila kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ngakho-ke endaweni yeselula ngokunakekelwa kahle inyoni yakho ingaba isibindi eside. Usizi okuwukuphela kokucasuka kwemibala ngonyaka wesibili wokulungiswa. Yize ngazi abathandi abanye, ngonyaka wesibili, inyoni yahlala ihle kakhulu njengasendle.

U-Evgeny Malakhanov, esifundeni saseBryansk

Futhi ungowomndeni omnyama.

Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-15 cm, futhi isisindo sisukela ku-13 kuya ku-23 amagremu. I-Bluethroat (njengoba kubonwe ku Izithombe ) inombala onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ngombala wezimpaphe.

Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu, banomphimbo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphansi kwawo kukhona umucu obomvu we-chestnut, isikhungo nesixhumo sibomvu, kepha kukhona nabamhlophe.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umbala wamabala, izinkanyezi, awuhlobisi inyoni kuphela, kepha futhi wenza ukuthi kube nokucacisa indawo ezalwe kuyo.

Umthunzi obomvu ukhombisa ukuthi uqhamuka eNyakatho neRussia, uqhamuka eScandinavia, Kamchatka noma e-Alaska.

Futhi izinkanyezi ezimhlophe zikhombisa lokho i-bluethroat ongowokuzalwa ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu. Kwabesifazane abancane kunabalingani babo, imibala ayikhanyi kangako.

Ngokufakwa komgexo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ozungeze umphimbo nezinye izimbali zezimbali kuyo yonke ingemuva. Ebantwaneni, amabala ayindida futhi abomvu.

Imilenze yenyoni imnyama-nsundu, yinde futhi mncane, igcizelela ukuvumelana kwale nyoni. Umlomo ubumnyama.
Inyoni evela ngokulandelana kwama-Passeriformes futhi ine-subspecies eminingi. Wathola indawo yokuhlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ehlala ngisho nasehlathini elibandayo lehlathi.

Ikakhulu ejwayelekile eYurophu, eCentral naseNyakatho ye-Asia. Ebusika, izinyoni zifudukela eningizimu: ziye eNdiya, eSouth China kanye no-c.

Ngekhono lokucula i-bluethroat singafaniswa ne-Nightingale

Ama-Bluethroats ajwayele ukubona amehlo omuntu. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka emithambekeni eminyene yezihlahla, osebeni lomfula noma emachibini nasezichibini, eduze nemifudlana.

Kodwa-ke, izinyoni eziqaphelayo zithanda, kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuba zivele emkhakheni wokubukwa komuntu. Kungakho abantu abaningi bekuthola kunzima ukuchaza indlela ababukeka ngayo.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila yama-bluethroats

Lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka, futhi zibuye zivela ezindaweni ezifudumele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho nje iqhwa selincibilika nelanga elimnene liqala ukubhaka.

Zindiza zihamba ekupheleni kwehlobo noma kungekudala, ekwindla, lapho kubanda. Kepha azibutheli emaphaketheni, zikhetha izindiza ezizodwa.

AmaBluethroats abahlabeleli abakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yezinyoni ine-ehlukile yayo, eyedwa futhi, akekho omunye onjenge-repertoire.

Izinhlobo ezimangalisayo zemisindo, isitayela sazo nokuguquguquka komculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banekhono lokukopisha ngokunembile, ngendlela enekhono kakhulu, amazwi ezinyoni eziningi, kaningi kunalawo ahlala endaweni yabo.

Lalela ukucula kweBluethroat

Ngakho-ke ukulalela ukucula ama-bluethroats , kungenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinyoni ahlangana nazo njalo. Izinyoni ezinjalo eziphilayo futhi ezinhle zivame ukugcinwa ezinkanjini.

Ukuze kube lula izinyoni, zihlomile, zihlela izindlu, izindawo zokugeza nezindawo zokubamba ezahlukahlukene, ezivumela izinyoni ukuba zihlale phezu kwazo, ngentshisekelo yokubuka abanye futhi zimangaze wonke umuntu ngamazwi abo amangalisayo.

Shintsha amanzi okuphuza nsuku zonke, bese unika okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, ushizi we-cottage ochotshoziwe, amajikijolo ama-cherries nama-currants. Ungashintsha, uma unikeza ushintsho, unikeze izikelemu zikafulawa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukudla Bluethroat

Ukuphila ngokukhululeka, ama-bluethroats athande ukudla izinambuzane ezincane: noma izimvemvane. Adla umiyane nezimpukane, azibambe khona lapho indiza.

Kepha ngempumelelo efanayo bangadla namajikijolo avuthiwe we-bird cherry noma i-elderberry.

Izinyoni zithanda nje, zigubuzela amaqabunga awile, amagatsha omile nama-humus, zizifunela ukudla, zithathe into edliwayo ivele ngqo emhlabathini.

Ukuhamba indawo kuya endaweni yokuxhuma okukhulu, ukuxosha izintethe nezicabucabu, thola amasikhova, funa imayflies futhi.

Kwezinye izimo, abazideleli ukudla izidlo ezincane. Njengoba isibambe isibungu eside, inyoni iyinyakazisa emoyeni isikhathi eside ukusula inyamazane yaso yezinto ezingaphazamiseki, bese siyiginya kuphela.

Ama-Bluethroats aletha izinzuzo eziningi ngokudla izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane eziyingozi. Kungakho abantu bevame ukondla lezi zinyoni ezingadini.

Ama-Bluethroats aludinga kakhulu usizo lomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukudonsela ukunaka ekuvikelweni kwezinyoni ngumphakathi, ngonyaka we-2012 kwathiwa inyoni yonyaka eRussia.

Ukuzala kabusha nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-bluethroat

Izama ukumangaza izintombi ngomculo omnandi, abesilisa bagubha inkathi yokuzalela kwabo ngokuziphatha kwabo okungajwayelekile.

Ngaleso sikhathi, bahlukaniswa ngamapayipi akhanya ngokukhethekile, abazama ukuheha ama-bluethroats abesifazane ukubakhombisa ama-asterisk nezinye izimpawu zobuhle besilisa.

Babambe amakhonsathi, imvamisa bahlala phezulu kwesihlahla. Ngemuva kwalokho bandizela emoyeni, benza izindiza zamanje.

Ukucula, okuwukuchofoza nokudlala, kwenzeka kuphela ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi kusebenza ikakhulukazi ekuseni kakhulu.

Ngothando lwalowo okhethiwe phakathi kwabafakizicelo ukunakwa kwakhe, izimpi ezinolaka ngaphandle kwemithetho nazo zingenzeka.

Kokubili, ama-bluethroats azohlangana impilo yonke. Kepha kunezikhathi lapho owesilisa enabangani ababili noma abathathu ngasikhathi sinye, abasize ukuba bazale izingane.

Isithombe esidlekayo yisidleke se-bluethroat

Okwakha I-Bluethroat Nices Kukhethwa ukhula olunotshani obukhulu, kanti iminyene isetshenziselwa umhlobiso ngaphandle, ihlela ukuhlala emigodini yezihlahla nasezihlahleni.

Izilokazana zibukeka njengesitsha esijulile, kanti ezansi imbozwe ngoboya nezitshalo ezithambile. Ukundiza ubusika, ama-bluethroats entwasahlobo abuyele esidlekeni sawo esidala.

Futhi owesilisa umemezela ukuthi le ndawo ithathiwe ngalo lonke uhlobo lokucula, okubandakanya ukushintshana kwamathoni abukhali futhi acacile. Wenza lokhu, engekude nasesidlekeni ngokundiza futhi ehleli endaweni yakhe yokuphephela.

Amaqanda ama-Bluethroat ibeka izingcezu ezingama-4-7. Anombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu ngombala.

Ngenkathi umama esenga amachwane, ubaba uqoqa ukudla kukakhethiweyo wakhe kanye nezingane, ezivele emasontweni amabili.

Abazali babondla ngamacimbi, izibungu nezinambuzane. Umama uchitha ezinye izinsuku eziningi namachwane emva kokuba ezelwe.

Ngemuva kwesonto, babona kahle futhi ngokushesha bashiya ikhaya labazali. Lokhu kwenzeka kancane kancane. FUTHI amachwane eBluethroat basazama ukubambelela kubazali babo ngenkathi bekwazi ukundiza kabi.

Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho ukuzalanisa kwenzeka kakhulu ezimbizeni, ubaba uvame ukuqhubeka nokuondla izingane ezindala lapho umama esanda kuthungatha ezintsha.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ama-bluethroats, ashiywe ngaphandle kwemibhangqwana, ondle amachwane angawazi, alahlekile futhi alahlwe ngabazali bangempela.

Imvamisa, abakwa-bluethroats abaphili iminyaka engaphezu kwemine, kepha ezimeni zokulungiswa kwamakhaya isikhathi sabo sokuphila singakhula kakhulu.

Kuzo zonke izinyoni, yizinyoni ezihlala embobeni okulula ukuheha kuzo uzungu. Leli qembu lezinyoni lidla izimbotshana, liboshwe ngokhuni noma lenziwe ngenxa yokubola ngokhuni, futhi lakha izidleke zalo ngemuva kwamagxolo avele emithini eyomile, ezimpandeni ezisontekile, ezigobeni zokhuni.

Inkanyezi ejwayelekile

Inkanyezi ejwayelekile inamapheya amnyama nge-tint yensimbi ecwebezelayo, umsila onsundu namaphiko. Ekwindla, amaplamu ezinguquko ezinenkanyezi, kuvela amachashazi amhlophe phezu kwawo, ezinyonini ezincane iplamu entanyeni ilula. Izinkanyezi zaleli qembu zihlala eduze nemizana nemizana. Umuntu oyinkanyezi ojwayelekile uzitholela ukudla njalo emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlahleni.

Izindlovu zihlelwe emigodini yezihlahla, ezindlini zezinyoni noma emigodini. Igcina amaqanda maphakathi nentwasahlobo (Meyi-Ephreli). I-Clutch - amaqanda angama-5-7 wombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Izinyoni zidla ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, eziningi zazo eziyizinambuzane zezingadi zethu (ama-scoops zemifino, ama-raspberries, ama-nutcrackers, ama-centipedes eklabishi). Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukubulawa kwenkanyezi, ukondla amaphuphu ayo, kubulala amabhungane angaba yizigidi eziyi-8 nezibungu zazo.

Umfundisi

Ukuqoshwa komsindo: I-Adobe Flash Player (inguqulo 9 noma ngaphezulu) kuyadingeka ukudlala lo mrekhoda orekhodiwe. Landa inguqulo yakamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-JavaScript kumele ivunyelwe kwisiphequluli sakho.

Ikhanda, intamo, umsila kanye nezimpiko zenkanyezi emnyama enombala omnyama opende okwenziwe ngensimbi, lonke iplamu lingi lipinki. Ebantwini abasha, amaplamu alula. Inyoni endala inamakhanda ekhanda. Le inyoni efudukayo ehlala eningizimu yeRussia. Izindondo zihlelwe emizamweni yamatshe, emifantwini yamawa, ezigxeni zamapulangwe. Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni, kuqukethe amaqanda ama-4-6 wombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Inkanyezi epinki ibulala ngenkuthalo isikhonyane nezinye izinambuzane. Ngokudla kwasekuseni kuphela, i-pink starger idinga izinkumbi ezingama-50-60; ngosuku idla izinambuzane ezinkulu ezingama-200.

Izinkanyezi ezimpunga

I-plumage yalolu hlobo lwenkanyezi ingwempunga, umzimba ongaphezulu, izinhlangothi zekhanda nesisu zimhlophe, intamo emuva kwekhanda kumnyama, isisekelo somlomo siphuzi ngokugqamile. I-plumage yabesilisa igqamile, kubantu abasha iplamu libomvu.

I-Grey Starling - inyoni efudukayo, ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe nasesikolweni, igcinwa emaphaketheni. I-Egg ukubeka ngoMeyi-Juni, iqukethe amaqanda ama-4-8 wombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isithombe esijwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni: ugandaganda osebenza ensimini futhi odlala izinkanyezi usixosha ngokulima okusha. Imenyu yezinkanyezi ezimpunga iqukethe izibungu zezinambuzane kanye neminyundu.

Indlwabu Yendlu

Ondlunkulu bendlu besifazane nabesilisa banamapani ahlukahlukene. Owesilisa unekhanda elimpunga, umphimbo nesifuba esingenhla - kumnyama, isisu nemivimbo emahlombe imhlophe, kusukela ngomlomo umucu onsundu udlula esweni. Ezinyangeni zezinsikazi nezinsikazi, iplamu liyi-brownish-grey, engxenyeni engezansi yesibungu likhanya. Ngasemuva, amabhlokhi akhanyayo futhi amnyama amnyama.

Indlu undlunkulu uhlala cishe lonke ihlathi zone Russia. Ihlala emadolobheni nemizana. Imivimbo emifantwini yezakhiwo, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu, indlu yezinyoni, ezibumbeni emithambekeni yezigodi.

Umqondo wenzeka ngo-Ephreli - Julayi, uqukethe amaqanda ama-5-6 wombala omhlophe noma onsundu ngombala omdaka.

Ondlunkulu basendlini bondla amaphuphu abo ngezinambuzane, imikhaza, ama-arthropods, ukudla kwezinyoni ezindala kunakekelwa ngembewu yokhula ehlukahlukene.

Undlunkulu

Undlunkulu mncane kunondlunkulu wasendlini. Amapheya emhlane, amaphiko kanye nomsila ngombala onsundu ngombala, iziqubulo ezinsundu emuva, nekhokho “elinsundu” ekhanda. Izinhlangothi zimhlophe, isifuba nesisu zimhlophe, umphimbo umnyama, ibala limnyama esihlathini. Izinyoni zezinsikazi nezinsizwa zifana ngombala, kepha zilula kancane.

Insimu Sparrow ihlala kulo lonke elaseRussia. Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwemvelo, sinamathela emasimini ezihlahla, sonke isikhathi saso sithanda izakhiwo zamapulazi kanye namachibi amasheya.

Izidleke zifanela emigodini, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu, ezindlini zezinyoni. Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli - Julayi; kuqukethe amaqanda ama-4- whitish noma ama-grey ama-brown.

Idla amachwane ngezinambuzane ezincane, izicabucabu, i-hymenoptera nezinye izinambuzane. Ukudliwa kwamachwane wedada lokuqala kuqukethe izibungu zesikhonkwane se-sawonkey, uphondo sawonkey, amacimbi emsila we-elm. Kufakwa amabhungane ahlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kokudla kwamachwane wesibili wezinkukhu, afinyelela kuma-80% enanini lokuphaka.

Ukuqashelwa kukhombisa ukuthi ondlunkulu bondla amachwane abo cishe izikhathi ezingama-26 ngaphezulu kwehora, okungukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso izikhathi ezingama-300 ngosuku. Izinsuku eziyi-15, abazali bandizela esidlekeni amahlandla angama-4 500.

UJackdaw

E-jackdaw, ngaphezulu kwekhanda nentamo kunombala onsomi, lonke iplamu limnyama nge-sheen yensimbi emuva kanye namahlombe. UJackdaw uhlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia kanye nasezindaweni eziseningizimu yeSiberia. AmaJackdaw agcinwa emaphaketheni. Lokhu kuyinyoni ejwayelekile emadolobhaneni nasemizaneni. AmaJackdaws athanda izidleke ngaphansi kophahla lwamabhilidi ezakhiwo zokuhlala, emigodini, emigodini, ezigodini.

I-Clutch yamachashazi angama-4- aluhlaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enza amaqanda amachashazi ansundu ngo-Ephreli-Juni. Le inyoni emangazayo, yondla amantshontsho ayo ngama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene, izibungu zamabhungane amakhulu. Ngisho namagundane amancane angaba ukudla kwakhe. AmaJackdaws ayawathanda amabhungane amaqabunga, mabhungane emhlabathini, izindlovu, mabhungane amnyama, ama-nutcrackers nama-gourds. Ukudla okusele kungukudla kwezitshalo: uphizi, oats, udali.

I-Blue Tit

Ibunzi le-Bluehead ebunzini nasezihlathini kumhlophe, umphimbo, isiqeshana esifubeni kanti nezihlathi eziseduze kukhona mnyama, isifuba nesisu siphuzi. Ekhanda kukhona “cap” oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amapayipi aluhlaza asemaphikweni nasemsileni, emuva kuluhlaza.

Ihlala esifundeni esimaphakathi naseningizimu yeRussia. I-Blue tit ihlala ezingadini ezinhle kakhulu. Lokhu kuyinyoni ezinzile nezulazulayo. Izinduna zihlelwe ezigodini zezihlahla. Amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amhlophe ngamabala abomvu ansundu, ama-blue tit awabeka ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda angama-5-10.

Ukudla okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubandakanya ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, okuvame kakhulu - kwezimila. I-Blue tit isuthisa amantshontsho ayo ngama-weevil nezibungu zazo, izimbungulu, amacimbi ezimvemvane, izigaxa ezincane nezine-webbed, izicabucabu. Ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu, i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibhubhisa izinambuzane eziphambili zensimu nehlathi: amasilika angenamikhono kanye nama-millipedes.

Isikhathi sokucula sikhona maphakathi no-Mashi-maphakathi no-Julayi, akuvamile ukuthi siculwe ekwindla.

Isigqi esinekhanda elinsundu

Ngemuva, amaphiko kanye nomsila we-nati ku-brownish-grey, phezulu kwekhanda nebala elingaphansi komlomo kungensundu ngombala. Ihlala emahlathini acwengile futhi axubile. Ukuzalela emigodini.

Igcina amaqanda amhlophe enezindawo ezinobomvu onsundu ngo-Ephreli-Juni. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-7-8. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ngifuna ukudla bandiza ezindizeni zabo.

Le nyoni engavikeleki ebhubhisa inqwaba yezinambuzane. Amagajethi adla ikakhulu izimbungulu, amacimbi, onodoli bengelutho, izoso, amapheshana. Yondla amantshontsho, igajethi iyandizela kuze kube esidlekeni kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-20 ngehora.

Ukucula kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari kanye ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari futhi kugcina ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.

I-Tufted Titmouse (Grenadier)

Le nki yaqanjwa ngenxa yesimhlophe esikhulu esimhlophe esinemigqa emnyama eshintshashintshashintshashintshwayo yokhilimu osekhanda. Amapheya emhlane, amaphiko nomsila uphuzi onsundu, umphimbo nemivimbo ngaphezulu kwamehlo imnyama. Umzimba umhlophe ngenhlanganisela ensundu.

I-titmouse elahlekile ihlala amahlathi kaphayini engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia. Ebusika, uvakashela izingadi zeziza zakhe, afune ukudla emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla. I-titmouse eshisiwe idla izinambuzane nezicabucabu. Uthanda ama-weevil, amabhungane amaqabunga, ama-nutcrackers, kwesinye isikhathi usebenzisa imbewu yezitshalo ekudleni.

Ama-tiga ahlanganisiwe ahlela izidleke eziseleni ezinezimbobo ezixinene kakhulu (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-30 mm ubukhulu). Izimbobo ezinjalo zivame ukuphansi kakhulu, cishe eduze komhlaba.

Ukucula kuqala ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, kaningi ekupheleni kobusika nehlobo.

Ingxenye enkulu

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Lona ngobukhulu kunayo yonke inhlobo yama-tits. Amapheya ekhanda, umphimbo, imivimbo esifubeni esiphuzi, amnyama afakwa ngaphansi. Izimpiko nomsila ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emuva kuluhlaza okotshani noma ngompunga ophuzi, izihlathi nebala elingasemuva lekhanda limhlophe.

Ihlala iningi leRussia. Ithanda ukuhlala emathangeni eceleni komfula. INest ihlela embobeni. Amaqanda amhlophe anendawo ebomvu onsundu alala ngoMashi - Juni. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda 9-13.

Uthola ukudla, njengazo zonke izigaxa, ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Ithanda ukudla kwezilwane, kanti ebusika iyadla nokudla kwezitshalo. I-tit enkulu idla okuphakelayo okuningi ngosuku njengoba ikukala.

Ukucula njalo kuqala ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari.

I-Red Redartart (Coot)

I-plumage of coots of male nowesifazane ehlukile. Esiduneni, inhloko yekhanda, intamo nomhlane kukhona i-ash grey, ibunzi limhlophe, izinhlangothi zekhanda, umphimbo umnyama, umzimba ophansi nomsila zibomvu ngokugqamile. Insikazi ibuye ibe nomsila obomvu, isisu esimhlophe esimhlophe, kanti lonke iplamu linsundu. Ezinyoni ezincane, iplamu linsundu ngemisipha ekhanyayo nomsila obomvu.

IRedstart ejwayelekile ihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia naseningizimu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga. Ama-redstart izidleke angabonakala emadwaleni amadwala, futhi i-redstart iyathanda ukuhlala ngaphansi kophahla lwezakhiwo zokuhlala nama-titmouse. Amaqanda ama-redstart amhlophe noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-4-6.

Le nyoni idla amantshontsho ayo futhi izondla ngokwayo ngezinambuzane. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzingela i-coot, ekufuneni ukudla kungagijima emhlabathini njengeqola, kubambe izinambuzane emoyeni, kufana ne-flytrap, ukuqoqa ukudla emagatsheni ezihlahla nasehlathini, njenge-warbler noma i-tit.

I-flycatcher ethosiwe

Esiqeshini sendiza yesilisa, inhloko nekhanda, emuva, amaphiko, umsila kumnyama, imicu ephansi ebunzini, imivimbo emaphikweni, ebunzini nasemzimbeni ophansi imhlophe. Ubuningi bezinyoni nezinsikazi zimpunga.

I-flycatcher egayiwe ihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia naseningizimu nentshonalanga yeSiberia. Wakha izidleke emigodini. Amaqanda abekwa ngoMeyi-Juni, amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, i-clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-5-7.

I-flycatcher egayiwe idla okwezimpukane, izimvemvane, ama-weevil, ama-nutcracker, izibungu ze-nutcracker, okusanhlamvu, amabhungane amaqabunga, izimbungulu zezihlahla nezinye izinambuzane.

Grec flycatcher

Isimpukane esimpunga sinezimpaphe eziphezulu, umsila, amaphiko ansundu onsundu, imifudlana emide ansundu ekhanda nasemhlane. Ingaphansi lomzimba limhlophe nge-tish brownish kanye nemifudlana ku-goiter nasesifubeni.

I-grey flytrap ihlala yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia naseningizimu ye-Eastern Siberia. Izinduna zihlelwe ngaphansi kwesisekelo samagatsha awugqinsi ngemuva kwamagxolo aqinile noma emigodini, futhi kubuye kuhlale ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu. Ukubekwa kwamaqanda aluhlaza ayi-6 okunamabala okugqwala kubekwe ngoMeyi-Juni.

I-flycatcher empunga ibamba izinambuzane indiza. Angadla izimpukane ezifika ku-450 ngosuku. Le nyoni engenakudlula konke, kwesinye isikhathi ngababili bangahlala ngasikhathi sinye emagumbini ahlukene endawo eyodwa esidlekeni. I-flycatcher eyi-grey kulula kakhulu ukuheha isiza.

EMoscow

Ikhanda nesifuba esingenhla seMuscovite simnyama, izihlathi, ibala elingemuva lekhanda nesifuba linephunga elimhlophe. Umhlane ungwevu ngwevu yomnqumo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko nomsila onsundu-grey, isisu nezinhlangothi zimhlophe nge-tint e-buffy. Le nyoni encane.

AmaMuscovite ahlala emahlathini ama-coniferous futhi axubile kulo lonke elaseRussia. Izinyoni zigcinwa emihlambini zivame ukuhlangana ne-titmouse. Lapho ingondli, indizela emzaneni nasemizaneni, ichithe izinambuzane ezingadini nasezivandeni zemifino. IMoscow ihlela izidleke emigodini.

I-Muscovite idla kakhulu izinambuzane, kepha ebusika ukudla kwayo kubuye kwenziwe ngembewu yesihlahla, ikakhulukazi ngama-conifers. Uthanda izimbungulu, amacimbi, i-Lepidoptera pupae, izicabucabu, izibungu ezincane, ama-weevils, uphondo.

Ukucula kuqala ngoFebhuwari.

Izinqola ezimhlophe

Eqothweni, ingaphezulu lekhanda, i-nape, i-goiter, ngaphezulu kwesifuba nomsila kunezinsiba ezimnyama, ingemuva lingwevu noma limnyama, ibunzi, imichilo kusuka esiqwini kuye ngeso ukuya endlebeni, imivimbo ohlangothini lomsila nasemaphikweni nakuwo wonke umzimba ophansi kumhlophe. Ezinqoleni ezincane, iplamu limpunga futhi alinamabala amnyama.

Ama-Wagtail ahlala ezigodini zezikhukhula nakwezinye izidumbu zamanzi. Lokhu kuyinyoni ejwayelekile kwiziza zasekhaya. Usemhlabeni sonke isikhathi, ugijima yedwa, isikhathi esiningi - ngababili. Izindlovu zakhiwa emigodini, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu, emigodini engamatshe nasemadwaleni.

Amaqanda enqola amhlophe ngamabala ampunga, izinqola zawo zibekwa ngo-Ephreli - Julayi. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-5-6.

Indawo yendawo lapho izinqola zifuna ukudla zikhulu impela, ifuna ukudla inyoni indiza amamitha angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200 ukusuka esidlekeni.

Inqola emhlophe idla kuphela ukudla kwesilwane: izinambuzane ezindizayo, izicabucabu, ama-weevil, amabhungane. Inzuzo enkulu ngenqola engadini, lapho le nyoni igijima khona ngokushesha emibhedeni ifuna inyamazane. Ama-Wagtails awabuthandi utshani obude, adonswa kakhulu yimikhondo, izindlela, ezikhuliswe ukhula.

Abavamile ukucula - kuphela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokudalwa.

UNuthatch

Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba wale nyoni luphuzi-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko nomsila onsundu. Ukusuka koqhwaku oluya esweni kuya endlebeni kukhona umucu omnyama, emsileni kukhona amabala amhlophe, umphimbo umhlophe, isifuba nesisu zimhlophe ngetint ebomvu.

INuthatch ihlala emahlathini cishe kulo lonke elaseRussia. UNuthatch ugibela iziqu zemithi, kwesinye isikhathi ajoyine imihlambi yezinyoni. Imvamisa kuphila impilo yokuma. Izindlovu zakhiwa ngemigodi, umnyango wokufaka umgodi uhlanganiswa nobumba ukuze unciphise ubukhulu bawo.

UNuthatch ubeka amaqanda ngo-Ephreli - Juni. Ukwenziwa komzimba kunamaqanda ama-6-8 amhlophe anezinhlaka ezibomvu ngokubomvu.

Ukudla kweNuthatch kuqukethe izinambuzane (amabhungane amaqabunga, izimbungulu, amacimbi amabhu, izimvemvane, njll.) Kanye nembewu yesihlahla (ama-hazelnuts, ama-acorns, imbewu ye-maple, imbewu ye-alder, i-conifers).

Ezingadini zasekhaya, i-nuthatch ingahlala ezindlini zezinyoni, kuma-titmouse, alengiswe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4-8, ikhetha izimbobo. I-nuthatch ayikubekezeleli okuzalela abanye esizeni sayo sokuzalela, ngenkathi inganaki ezinye izidleke eziyize, ngokwesibonelo, ingahlala koloni olunenkanyezi.

I-nuthatch ivame ukuqala ukucula eduze kokuphela kobusika, kuze kufike ekuqaleni kokufakwa, ukucula kuyaphela.

Inyoni enobuhle obukhulu obufana nobupopayi. I-plumage ye-hoopoe ibomvu ngokubomvu, isisu sikhanya, amaphiko amnyama ngemivimbo emhlophe ebanzi, umsila kanye nokugqekeza ku-crest kumnyama, isisekelo somsila simhlophe.

UHoopoe uthanda izikhala ezivulekile, uhlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, angatholakala nasendaweni yaseMoscow. Izilokotho ezigoqweni, izinqwaba zamatshe, imigodi yamatshe, emaweni. I-Clutch ka-8-9 yenza ngoMeyi-Juni, amaqanda aphuzi ngombala. Uthola ukudla emhlabeni, wondla ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene.

Kestrel

I-Kestrel yi-falcon encane. Inamaphiko abanzi nomsila omude. Ingaphezulu kwesiqu se-kestrel sinombala obomvu ngokubomvu ngezinsimbi eziyindilinga, phansi kwesiqu sesibunjiwe ngezinhlamvu ezinde ezinde, ikhanda lingwevu, kanye nomucu omnyama ekugcineni komsila. Ezinyoni ezincane, i-plumage ilula ngemisinga emfushane.

Ihlala kulo lonke elaseRussia ngaphandle kwe-tundra. Inyoni ejwayelekile emadolobhaneni nasemizaneni. Ukuzalelwa emigodini, kuma-attic, amagwababa amadala nezimbambo. Umqondo wenziwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi; uqukethe amaqanda ayi-4-6 anemibala ebomvu enezindawo ezinobomvu obomvana.

Ukudla kwe-Kestrel - amagundane amancane nezinambuzane ezinkulu (isikhonyane, izintethe, njll.).

Ezindaweni eziphakathi neRussia, i-kestrel, ehlela izidleke zayo egumbini lokuhlangana, yinto eyejwayelekile.

Isikhova esinsundu

I-plumage yesikhova sendlu icacile enemibala ekhanyayo ukusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kombala obomvu obomvu. Isikhova sihlala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeRussia; sihlela izidleke ezimbotsheni, esivame ukuzimba kuso, sizenze zijule impela. Ithanda nokuhlala ezakhiweni ezilahliwe kuma-attic.

Igcina amaqanda ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda amhlophe angama-4-8. Ukudla kwesikhova sendlu kukhona amagundane amancane, kungabamba nezinyoni ezincane ngezikhathi ezithile, kuthande izibankwa, izinambuzane ezinkulu.

Isikhova sendlu siqeda ngenkani imicibisholo enjengegundane, ngakho-ke kufanele kudonseke iziza zasendlini ngazo zonke izindlela.

Engxenyeni elandelayo - yesithathu, ungajwayelana nokutshelwa okuphathelene nezinyoni esidlaleni esidlekayo.

Ngokwesayensi, i-bluethroat ibizwa ngeLuscinia svecica, okusho ukuthi i-Nightingale yaseSweden. Le nyoni yezwi yabelwa ososayensi ama-oda ama-Passeriformes, umndeni - omnyama, nohlobo - nightingales.

Zidlani izinyoni ezinamabele aluhlaza

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-bluethroats izinambuzane: izintuthwane, nezibungu zazo. Zonke izinambuzane ezinamaphiko eziyisithupha ezinamaphiko ngokuqinisekile zizophelela “etafuleni lokudlela” lenyoni yeBluethroat.

Izinambuzane zingukudla okuyinhloko kwama-bluethroats.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni idla amancane, izibungu, futhi futhi idla amajikijolo ahlukahlukene.

Ngabe kuzalwa kanjani ama-bluethroats

Ukuqala kwesizini yokuphawula kukhonjwa ngokukhala okukhulu kwama-bluethroats wesilisa. Amadoda, njengama-nightingales, ahlabelela ama-trill amangalisayo, ahehe izintokazi ukudala isidleke somndeni. Futhi abesilisa bakhombisa umhlobiso wabo esifubeni, nakho okungenye yezakhi zokwenza isiko lokuphaka.

Ngemuva kokuba wakhe isidleke, iBlueethroat yowesifazane ibeka amaqanda amane kuya kwayi-7. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izikhulumi ezincane ziyavela. Cishe izinsuku eziyi-13, isizukulwane esisha sihlala esidlekeni, sonke lesi sikhathi abazali bazondla kakhulu izingane ukuze zikhule ngokushesha futhi ziqine. Emavikini amabili yokuzalwa, amaphuphu we-bluethroat asevele egxuma esidlekeni, yize engakwazi ukundiza. Bahamba eduzane nabazali babo futhi bafunda kubo izisekelo zokuphila okuzimele.

URobin yinyoni encane, eyimbimbi, esebenza kanzima futhi ebukekayo kakhulu. Kubo bonke abantu lapho ihlala khona, le nyoni iwuphawu lokuphuma kwelanga, okubonisa usuku oluhle.

URobin yinyoni encane, eyimbimbi, esebenza kanzima futhi ebukekayo kakhulu

Ngaphezulu kwenyoni, i-zaryanka ingwephuzi lomnqumo, ibunzi layo, izihlathi ne-goiter zibomvu ngokugqamile, isisu sikhanya, cishe simhlophe, kanti isifuba sinombala okhanya ngombala obomvu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke ama-zaryanok anendawo ekhanyayo ezifubeni zawo, asenayo i-dimorphism yezocansi. Njengakwezinyoni eziningi, iduna linamabala akhanya kakhulu kunawesifazane. Ngaphezulu, imhlophe nje, kepha ihembe langaphambili lidwetshwe ngemibala egqamile enwebeka ngayo yonke indlela ekhanda, ifinyelela cishe entanyeni.

Izinyoni ezincane zi-motley, umhlane wazo un nsundu enamabala abomvu. Izintambo, umphimbo, isifuba nezinhlangothi kudwetshwe ngamathoni abomvu. Belly nangemuva komsila kumhlophe.

Njengakwezinyoni eziningi, iduna linamabala akhanya kakhulu kunawesifazane. Ngaphezulu ngimpunga efanayo, kodwa ingaphambili lehembe lipendiwe ngemibala egqamile.

Ngakho-ke, umbala obomvu esifubeni ubonakala kubantu abadala kuphela. Intsha esanda kushiya isidleke ayikhanyi kangako futhi ayibonakali.

Ingulube emhlophe

Uhlu lwethu "lweZinyoni Zesifunda SaseMoscow" luvula isudu enhle emhlophe ebabazekayo

Inyoni enkulu enamabala amhlophe nomlomo omude onamandla. Umphetho omnyama ocwebezelayo onqenqemeni lwamaphiko kudala ukukhohliswa kwesimnyama esimnyama ngosiba oluhleliwe. Ngenkathi ebandayo, uthuthela e-Afrika naseNdiya. Le nyoni ithanda esidlekeni esiseduze nokuhlala umuntu ophahleni lwezindlu noma izigxobo.

I-gait enamakhanda ansundu: incazelo yokubukeka

Le nyoni inomzimba omncane ominyene, ongafika ku-14 cm ubude futhi unesisindo esingu-9-14 g, intamo emfushane nezinsimbi zombala onsundu. Isihloko esingaphezulu kwekhanda elikhulu ne-nape ngumthunzi omnyama obuthuntu. Iningi lamaphiko wangemuva, aphakathi namancane, amahlombe, ama-nadhvoste kanye naphansi emuva anombala onsundu. Ushizi umhlophe-grey. Umthunzi ocher ubonwa ezinhlangothini zentamo. Ngaphambili komphimbo kukhona ihembe elibizwa ngehembe - ibala elikhulu elimnyama. Uqhwaku lunezinyoni ezingaphansi ezingcolile ezimhlophe ezinezithebe ezincane ezinhlangothini zalo, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni ngimpunga emnyama.

Ensimini, igajethi enamakhasi ansundu ingadidaniswa kalula nekhohlakala elimnyama. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ukuthi i-puffer ine-matte kune-cap ecwebezelayo emnyama kanye nomucu omude obude obukumpunga. Isici esivelele kunazo zonke salezi zinyoni singabizwa ngokuthi ukucula kwabo.

Incazelo yezinhlobo zezinhlobo: i-gait enamakhanda amnyama nezinsundu

Ama-gaiters ansundu anombala onsundu futhi amnyama afane kakhulu: anezimpaphe ezimpunga ezimpunga ezinsundu, afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-14, amaphiko aphezulu kakhulu afinyelela amasentimitha angama-22, isisindo asidluli amagremu ayi-14, intamo emfushane kakhulu nenhloko enkulu, izihlathi nentamo ezinhlangothini zilula, cishe zimhlophe. Ngaphansi kungcolile okumhlophe, uqhwaku onsundu-mnyama, kanti imilenze impunga.

I-gaiter enamakhanda amnyama yachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1758, yona enenhloko ansundu - ngonyaka we-1827, kwaba kusukela kulo nyaka ukuthi ukufunda kwabo okugcwele kwaqala, kanye nokusesha umehluko ophambili nezinto ezifakiwe ohlotsheni ngalunye.

Ama-gaiters angenamakhanda ansundu angenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, abizwa ngegama lawo lesibili - ukugoba, ngoba izimpaphe zibukeka kakhulu esimweni sezulu esibi. Zine-matte black cap ekhanda kanye nape; ibala elifanayo linendawo ngaphambili komphimbo. Ama-gaiters anekhanda ansundu afuna ukwazi ukwedlula abanye abamele le nhlobo.

Ezimfaneni ezinamakhanda amnyama, isigqoko asibuthuntu, kepha sicwebezela, futhi ibala entanyeni lincane kakhulu. Izici eziphawuleka zezinsimbi ezinamakhanda amnyama zifaka umsila omude nekhanda elincane, kanye nokuhamba okukhulu kakhulu, zindiza futhi zihlabelela ngokushesha.

Amakhono we-Vocal wamagajethi

Kude kude, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinyoni zingahlukaniswa ngemisindo yazo; ama-gaiters anekhanda ansundu anezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zezingoma ezimpendulweni zawo: izwe, ukubukisa, nokuthandana kwabantu besifazane. Owokuqala nowokugcina uvame ukusetshenziswa owesilisa, futhi ukubonakaliswa kungazwakala kusuka kowesilisa nakowesifazane ngesikhathi sokufuna umlingani.

I-repertoire yezwi yezimpi ezinekhanda elimnyama ihluke kakhulu. Benza bobabili imisindo ejwayelekile yokushaqeka, futhi bahlose izinhloso ezithile: ukuqomisana, ukuvikela isidleke nowesifazane, ukuvikela insimu nowesilisa, ukudlala ngothando, njalonjalo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwengoma luvame ukuba nokuhluka okungaba ngama-20.

Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni

Lezi zinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neNyakatho Melika, i-Europe ne-Asia futhi ziphila impilo yokuhlala - lezi zingomunye wabamele abambalwa bezinyoni abagcina ukudla ebusika futhi bazulazula kuphela njengendawo yokugcina - ukuthola ukudla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ubusika obubandayo.

Kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, ama-gaits ahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-5 - le nsimu encane ikhethwa ngesikhathi sokudalwa kokuqala kwale nyoni futhi igcinwe kumemori yakhe impilo yakhe yonke. Le ndawo encane ifundelwa kahle ukwakha izidleke, ukuthola ukudla kanye nendawo yokuhlala.

Izindawo zezinselo ezinamakhanda ansundu nezinhloko-zimnyama zihlukile. Amahlumela ansundu athanda ukuqina, anamahlathi aminyene, angatholakala kalula eThaiga noma osebeni lwemifula egcwele izihlahla, lapho kucishe kube nzima khona ukuhlangana nomuntu.

Ama-Blackheads ajwayele ukutholakala eduzane nemizana, amadolobha, amadolobhana, kepha okuyisimo esiqinile noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe afanele kakhulu kuwo. Kuthandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamanzi aphansi futhi asezingeni eliphansi ezinezindawo zokubhukuda, lapho kukhona khona izihlahla eziningi ezifile.

Uhla lwendawo yokuhlala yabo ejwayelekile, ama-gaiters anekhanda elimnyama ahlala elawula amakhanda ansundu futhi angabekezeleli abazalwane abanamakhanda ansundu endaweni yabo, yize kwesinye isikhathi bekhetha abamele babo abanomzwangedwa ebusika.

Zidlani lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni?

Zonke izinhlobo zama-gaits zidla cishe okufanayo: okuphakelayo okuyinhloko kufaka imbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene (ngokwesibonelo, umjunipha nojongilanga), izithelo zezihlahla, amantongomane amancane, izinambuzane (izimbungulu, izibungu, njll.). Ngenxa yokuthi ukudla kwabo kufaka izimbungulu eziyingozi, izithiyo zibhekwa njengabalaphi bemvelo abasiza amahlathi.

Ehlobo badla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane, kuthi ebusika nasentwasahlobo batshala kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-gaiters anekhanda elimnyama aphuza ujusi we-birch, i-aspen ne-maple, bese kuthi ebusika avakashele ama-feeders akhiwe eduze nepulazi (yize ewavakashela kakhulu) futhi, okumangazayo kakhulu ukuthi, afihla amabele atholakala ku-feed ehlathini.

Amachwane ezinhlobo zombili ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila adla kuphela ukudla kwezilwane futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukudla kwezitshalo kuyaqala ukufakwa ekudleni. Ukuthambekela kwesitoko kuma-gaits kuvela ekuqaleni kakhulu - sekuvele eneminyaka yenyanga eyodwa. Kuyo yonke intwasahlobo, ihlobo nokwindla, izinyoni zenza okuqhubekayo ebusika.

Entwasahlobo, imbewu yepayini kanye ne-spruce igcinwa; ekwindla, ama-gaiters afihla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nembewu yezitshalo. Ngenkathi kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ebusika, inyoni eyodwa yakha kuze kube ngama-5 kg wemali ebekelwe indawo ehlala kuyo (ekhoneni lezihlahla, izigaxa nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile), yize kudliwa ingxenye eyodwa kuphela kwezintathu ebusika obubodwa (izindawo eziningi zokugcina zimane zilahlekile).

Isisetshenziswa sedokhethi

Izidleke ezinamabala ansundu ezinsundu kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi, kanye ne-gaiter enamakhanda amnyama kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ngalezi zikhathi, ama-gaiters ajabule kakhulu, acula kakhulu, andiza, alwele abesifazane, funa indawo yesidleke. Imibhangqwana ibamba kuze kufe omunye wabalingani.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izinyoni ezincane zibheka umbhangqwana osensimini eseduze ekhaya labo. Uma umlingani engatholakalanga, bayashiya lezi zindawo futhi bafune inhlanhla ezindaweni ezikude zehlathi.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kubantu abangu-1000, kusinda abangama-300 kuphela, izinyoni ezingaba ngu-50 zisinda ziye eminyakeni emi-5, kuthi ezi-3 ziphila ziye eminyakeni engu-6, yize ekhaya lezi zinyoni zivame ukusinda ziye eminyakeni eyi-9.

I-Nesting yezinyoni ezindala yenzeka cishe endaweni eyodwa, endaweni ethile, lapho onogada besilisa beqapha unyaka wonke. Imvamisa, amagajethi anamakhanda ansundu enza izidleke ezintsha; ezinamakhanda amnyama zithanda ukusebenzisa izimbobo ezindala noma ezingaziwa.

Ukuze zenze umgodi omusha, izinyoni zihluthula izinkuni zihambe nazo ukuze zingadaluli indawo esidleke. Izimbobo zenziwe ezihlahleni ezifile noma ezinosodiyadi, ngoba izinkuni eziphilayo zilukhuni kakhulu kungabhali ntekenteke futhi oluncane lwegajethi.

Ngaphambi kokugcobhoza imbobo, iyahlanzwa futhi ijule ukuze ibuyekezwe futhi yenziwe yamukeleke kakhulu esidlekeni. Imvamisa izinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla zikhethwa, lokhu kufaka i-alder, i-larch, i-birch, i-aspen. Kuthatha izinsuku ezifika ku-12 ukwenza i-hollow entsha noma ukubuyekeza endala. Ukujula kufanele kube ngu-20 cm.

Ukuze kwakhiwe isidleke, izinhlobo ezihlukile zamagajethi zisebenzisa izinto ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ama-blackheads asebenzisa ama-moss, uboya, amaswidi, izimpaphe, nezinhloko ezinsundu asebenzisa amahlumela, amagxolo, izimpaphe, uvolo kanye namagxolo e-birch.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezinkukhu

Ama-gaiters anekhanda elinsundu aqala ukubeka amaqanda kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kanye namagajethi anombala omnyama kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, endaweni eyodwa enamaqanda afinyelela ku-9 amnyama entweni ebomvu ngokubomvu. Ubungako beqanda elilodwa bucishe bube ngu-15x12 mm.

Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-15, insikazi ibamba amaqanda ngaphandle kokushiya esidlekeni, kanti owesilisa uyondla futhi ayivikele. Owesifazane angashiya isidleke kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, uma isikhathi eside kungekho owesilisa ozitholela ukudla. Kakade ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, kuvela amachwane wezingubo ezinekhanda elimnyama, kwathi ngoJulayi - anombala onsundu.

Owesifazane nowesilisa babondla kanyekanye, belethela ukudla njalo. Uma kubanda, insikazi ihlala esidlekeni namathoyizi, iyazifudumeza, futhi lapho ifudumele ingashiya ukudla.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-18, amaphuphu ayakwazi ukundiza, kodwa nokho angakutholi ukudla kwawo. Ezinsukwini eziyi-12 ezilandelayo, owesilisa nowesifazane ubafundisa ukuthola ukudla, badabule umhlaba, bathole isidleke.

Kuyo yonke impilo yabo, bazalanisa futhi banakekele izingane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, bayinakekela bekhathazekile kuze kube yilapho amaphutha ewazi ukuzihlalela ehlathini lasendle. Impilo yama-gaits iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayilindelekile, kuphela enamandla, ajwayelana kakhulu endle, futhi, maye, okuncane, asinda eqenjini elikhulu lonyaka lamachwane.

Uyayithanda i-athikili? Chofoza njengo: Izihloko ezithakazelisa ngokwengeziwe esigabeni:,

I-gaiter enamakhanda ansundu, noma i-puff, iyinyoni encane, grey, nondescript. UChubby waqanjwa ngesitayela se-fluffing plumage lapho kubanda khona. Inyoni encane grey enesikhafu esinefluffy ivala esifubeni sayo. Umhlane wakhe, amahlombe, ingemuva eliphansi lingwempunga, umsila wakhe umdaka mhlophe ngezimpaphe ezibomvu, amaphiko akhe ansundu.

Igajethi enamakhanda ansundu isabalale emahlathini asezintabeni nasezintabeni zesifunda esisenyakatho: eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu (ngaphandle kwezifunda zayo eziseningizimu), ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ze-Asia, iCaucasus, iSakhalin neziqhingi zaseJapan.

Amagajethi agcinwa ngababili abakhelwe ekwindla. Lezi zinyoni zidla emahlathini acijile noma anqenqemeni, futhi zakha izindlu ngendlela ekhethekile: ngokungafani nezinye i-tits, i-gaiter encane ikhipha umgodi, bese kamuva ibeka isidleke ngaphakathi kwayo. Kuphela uma kwenzeka behluleka basebenzise okokukhosela okwenziwe ngomumo, bavame ukusebenzisa i-tust of crested tits, Woodpecker encane enamabala noma imigodi yabo yakudala. Ezidlekeni zokwenziwa, ama-chubs akavamile kakhulu.Izidleke eziningana ziyaziwa ezitholakala ezindaweni ezingashisi kakhulu - ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, ezidlekeni ezindala zokuphaka, endaweni efana nehafu-yomgodi, esiqwini se-spruce endaweni yokusebenza ngiphuzi.

Imicu ye-Bast, izingqimba ezincane, izimpande ezomile, iziqu, ama-moss omisiwe, nezinwele zezilwane kusebenza njengezinto ezibonakalayo zokuhlelwa. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuyinto ebanzi kakhulu: ngehora kukhona abantu abafinyelela ku-12-16 ethafeni ngezinto zokwakha. Kodwa-ke, njalo emahoreni angama-1-2, izinyoni zivame ukuyeka ukwakha amahora amaningi. Esikhathini sabo samahhala ekwakhiweni kwesidleke naphakathi nokubekwa kwamaqanda ngowesifazane, lo mbhangqwana uchitha isikhathi esiningi ulungiselela ukudla. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezintathu ukwakha isidleke uqobo.

Esidlekeni amaphuphu amancanyana azochitha amasonto awo okuqala empilo. Bobabili abazali babondla ngokuhlukile.

Kuze kube nguJulayi, amakhemikhali amancane aboshelwe esidlekeni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayohlangana emihlambini enenjabulo enobungane futhi enze ubungane namakhosi namanye ama-birdies amancane. Kuze kube ebusika obuvuthayo bayozulazula beya ezindaweni ngezindawo. Ebusika, lapho kungekho kudla okwanele kwezinyoni, ziyabonakala kumapaki amadolobha, ezingadini, eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Ukudla kwe-gaiter enamakhanda ansundu kuhluke kakhulu - ikakhulukazi ngamacimbi, ama-weevils nezicabucabu.

Njengezinye izinhlobo zezitini, okokukhangisa ehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla kokugcina ukudla - izinambuzane, izicabucabu, njll. Ukuthambekela kokugcina ukudla kuma-chubbies kukhulunywa kakhulu. Kuwo wonke unyaka, bafihla ingxenye yokudla okutholakele. Ukulondolozwa kokuphakelayo kungabonakala ngisho nasebusika, kungabonakala, ngaphansi kwezimo eziphikisayo kakhulu zokuphakelwa. Ama-puffers amasha aqala ukufihla ukudla ngoJulayi.

Ama-puffers afihla izindawo zawo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: ezihlahleni ezihlanganayo neziyinqumayo, imvamisa emabhasini, iziqu, ngisho nasemhlabathini ngaphansi kweziqu. KumaConifers, ama-puffers aba nezitoko cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zesihlahla. Ukudla okufihliwe kwesinye isikhathi kumbozwa ngocezu lwamagxolo noma lolo. Ngosuku olulodwa, i-pichuga eyodwa inganikela futhi igcwalise kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili zalawa ma-pantries!

Kodwa-ke, amagajethi, ngokusobala, awakhumbuli indawo ezitolo futhi uthole ukudla okufihliwe ngengozi, kanye nokwokuqala okutholakele. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasheya kwesinye isikhathi kuqala cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga. Ezinye zezindawo ezitholakele zezinyoni ziyadliwa, ezinye ziyafihlwa futhi. Ngenxa yalokhu kufihlwa njalo, okuphakelayo kusatshalaliswa ngokulingene ngaphezulu kwendawo yesakhiwo. Izindawo ezisetshenziselwa ukonga zisetshenziswa ngokubambisana, hhayi kuphela ngama-gaiters, kepha futhi nezinhlobo eziningi zama-tits, kanye nezinye izinyoni zobusika.

Umhlambi weblue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yiqembu elisondelene, wonke amalungu awo asazi kahle isimilo somunye nomunye, ebavumela ukuthi bagweme ukuxabana okungadingekile. Ikhodi yemithetho elawula impilo yezenhlalo yamagajethi ilula kakhulu - zonke izinyoni ziyazi ukuthi ziphi futhi zinikezwe bani amandla okubonisa.

Amagajethi angasebenza njengesibonelo sokuthembeka emshadweni, okususelwa ekuzwisaneni okulingana kwabalingani kanye nomkhuba wokuhlala endaweni eyodwa.

Ukhozi lwegolide

Ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama eduze kwaseMoscow, izithombe nezincazelo zazo ezethulwe lapha, azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa ne-Gold Eagle. Lo omele ukuthungwa kwe-hawk mkhulu kakhulu. Izimpiko zalo zinesikhala esingaba amamitha ayi-2.5. Izinto azizingelayo ngamagundane, amahhashi, amawundlu, noma izinyamazane ezincane.

I-syn. I-Poecile montanus

Yonke insimu yeBelarus

I-Family Titmouse - I-Paridae.

EBelarus - P. m. borealis.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zokudla isidleke nezokuzula ngokwengxenye.

Ngaphandle, kokubili ngosayizi nombala weplamu kufana kakhulu negajethi enekhanda elimnyama. Inomhlobiso omnyama onsundu ku-plumage yaphezulu kwekhanda, uqhwaku olude kancane kanye nokuba khona kwemingcele yokukhanya ebonakalayo emiseleni yangaphandle yezimpaphe ezingaphezulu zimboze zephiko. Uqhwaku lube nsundu, izihlathi zimhlophe, ibala elimnyama emqaleni, isisu singcolile, ingemuva lingwevu ngombala onsundu. Isisindo sowesilisa singu-10-11,5 g, owesimame ungama-10-12 g. Ubude bomzimba (bobabili ubulili) buyi-12 cm cm, amaphiko ayi-16,5- 22 cm, ubude bephiko buyi-6-6,5 cm, umsila ungama-6 cm, kanye no-tarsus 1 cm.

Ihlala amahlathi amakhulu acishe abe yizihlahla ezixubile nezixubile zohlobo lwe-taiga. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo kungamahlathi kaphayini, izihlahla zikaphayini ezixutshwe nezinkuni eziqinile, ezihlala zitholakala eduzane namabhodlela e-sphagnum, spruce kanye ne-spruce-deciduous enezihlahla ezindala neziqu ezibolile. Emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, ukhetha iziza ezilawulwa yiphayini noma ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Itholakala zombili eduze kwemaphethelo nasekujuleni kwamahlathi. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuhlala endaweni yomuntu, kwesinye isikhathi izidleke emapaki amahlathi amakhulu phambi kwezihlahla eziyize noma ikhono lokufaka izimbobo ngokhuni olubolile lwe-alder noma lwe-birch.

Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, ngesikhathi sokufuduka nobusika, kuvame ukutholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamahlathi ezingadini nasemapaki nasezitolo zempahla zasehlobo emhlambini namanye ama-titmouse afuna ukudla.

I-spatial niche yalolu hlobo yilezi imiqhele zezihlahla (zikaphayini, i-oak, i-aspen, i-birch, i-alder), izihlahlana kanye nesembozo sotshani.

NgoMashi - Ephreli, ukwakheka kwamabili kuyabonakala, ngalesi sikhathi kaningi ungezwa ukuculwa kwabesilisa - amakhwela aphindaphindwayo. Inyoni eculayo ihlala ihamba emqheleni wezihlahla. Ikholi alishayi ikhwela, njengegajethi enekhanda elimnyama, kodwa libukhali, lidluliswa yimisindo ye “ji-ji-ji. ". NgoMeyi - Juni, umfutho wokucula wehla kakhulu, bese ukhuphuka lapho amachwane endiza ephuma esidlekeni, kuyilapho elowesilisa nowesifazane ehlabelela.

Ukuzalela ngambili ngazimbili emigodini, okuvame ukuthi kukhishwe kuyo bese kukhiwa kuso iziqu ezibolile, kuphuke iziqu zemithi ezomile noma ezibolile eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-0,5-1,5. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane babamba iqhaza ekwakheni umgodi. Izisetshenziswa ezingaphansi ezivame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa zihlala zicwilisa futhi zijulisa. Ukwakhiwa komgodi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-5-20, izidleke - izinsuku ezi-4-6.

Ububanzi bomgodi wepheompi awudluli ku-25-35 mm. Phansi komgodi, isidleke esincane sakhiwe ngezingcezu zokhuni, izingcezu zamagxolo namapaneli ezinhlamvu. Ngalesi sisetshenziswa, isidleke se-puffer naso sihluke kakhulu esidlekeni selineni elifanayo elinamakhanda amnyama. Ukuze i-lining isebenzise izinwele nezinwele zezilwane, engeza i-fluff yemifino, ama-cobwebs kubo. Ezimweni ezihlukile, kusetshenziswa impahla encane kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesidleke, noma inyoni ingakwenza ngaphandle kwayo, bese kungenzeki lutho emgodini ngaphandle kothuli lokhuni. Ububanzi besitreyi bungama-5 cm.

I-Clutch iqukethe ama-6-9 (imvamisa ama-7-8), ngezikhathi ezithile amaqanda ayi-5 noma ayi-10. Igobolondo licwebezelwe, limhlophe qhwa, limbozwe ngumbala onqabile noma omnyama wombala onsundu onsundu, imvamisa akha i-corolla ekugcineni. Amabala ajulile ane-reddish-violet hue. Isisindo seqanda 1.5 g, ubude 14-17 mm, ububanzi 11-13 mm.

Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli - eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Kukhona brood eyodwa ngonyaka, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ezimbili. Ukuqothuka komjikelezo wesibili eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeBelarus kugcinwa kuze kube yingxenye 1 kaJulayi.

Insikazi ifukamela izinsuku eziyi-14-16, ngaleso sikhathi owesilisa imlethela ukudla njalo.

Bobabili abazali bondla amachwane. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-18 yezinsuku, amachwane ashiya isidleke. Abazali bandize izidleke zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zidla izinsuku ezingama-7 ukuya kwezingu-11 eduze kwesiqongo. Cishe isonto eliphumile, amaphuphu azama ukuzitholela ukudla. Cishe inyanga emva kokusuka, ama-broods ahlangana, bese ehlukana, bese izinyoni ezincane zifuduka, kuphela phakathi kobusika obudlulela empilweni ehleliwe.

Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus, inani lamachwane esidlekeni ngu-4-8, isilinganiso esingu-6.2.

Ngokusho kokubonwa kwezidleke ezimbili, lapho kwakukhona amachwane ama-6 no-7 ezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala ku-Tomashovsky amahlathi (esifundeni saseBrest), inani lokudla okulethwa esidlekeni ngabazali lalingama-220-280 izikhathi ngosuku. Okuphakelayo kuqoqwa eduze esidlekeni. Indawo yendawo yokuzingela isukela ku-4,5 kuye ku-11 000 m², okuyisilinganiso samamitha ayi-8,7 m².

Ukudla kwamagajethi anombala onsundu kuqukethe izinambuzane nezinye izidalwa ezincane, kufaka phakathi ama-aphid, izicabucabu, izinambuzane ezibeka amaqanda, izinyamazane ezincane nezibungu.Imbewu yama-conifers nezinye izitshalo (imbewu ye-spruce, i-pine, i-juniper, izithelo kanye nembewu yomlotha osezintabeni, ama-blueberries, i-alder, i-birch) nazo ziyadliwa futhi zize zondliwe namathole azo. Entwasahlobo, izinyoni zifaka ama-anthers we-aspen kanye ne-alder ekudleni, isiphuzo se-birch sap.

Ama-cookies adla amacimbi wezimvemvane, izicabucabu kanye nezikhukhula zawo, nezibungu zezinambuzane ezincane. Ngaphambi nje kokusuka esidlekeni, abazali baqala ukondla amachwane ngembewu.

Ekwindla, lezi zinyoni zihlela inani elikhulu lama-pantries amancane (imbewu eyodwa noma eziningana ngalinye), azifihle emifantweni yegxolo, ngaphansi kwelensi nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile. Ngokumangazayo, inyoni ngayinye ikhumbula ama-pantries ayo amaningi, ihlole njalo futhi ihlala ifihla okuqukethwe kuyo. Okulondolozwa kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kokuphakelwa kwesikhashana, okusetshenziswa ngabanikazi nezinye izinyoni.

Isibalo eBelarus sizinzile, silinganiselwa kuma-400-600 amawaka ngazimbili.

Ubudala obukhulu obubhaliswe eYurophu buyiminyaka eyi-11 izinyanga ezi-4.

I-Capercaillie

I-Capercaillie - omunye ummeleli ogqamile wohlu "Izinyoni Zesifunda SaseMoscow"

Inkukhu eqenjini lenkukhu elingana noshukela. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlukile kakhulu, ngombala nangosayizi. Zindiza kanzima futhi zinomsindo, ngaphandle kokukhuphuka ngokungaphezulu ngenhla kwehlathi. Le nyoni ibizwa ngegama layo ezinhlakeni zesakhiwo se-larynx. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuqomisana yenza imisindo yokuhlokoma, okwamanje okuphelelwa ngayo ukuzwa.

Isihlobo esiseduze segwababa, kodwa sincane kakhulu. Umbala wezinsimbi omnyama nokungabikho kweplamu phambi kwesiqhwaga kuhlukanisa i-rook kuwo. Idla cishe kuyo yonke into engayenza. Amagundane amancane nokungcola komuntu, izibungu nokusanhlamvu - konke ukunambitheka kwakhe.

Hlikihla

I-thrush ngokwayo imile, kepha inamazwi agqamile ngendlela yebele nelamula

Uma ubuka ikhathalogu, lapho kubalwa khona izinyoni zesifunda saseMoscow, isithombe nencazelo yazo ayidonseli ukunaka okukhulu. Umbala onsundu onsundu onsundu womhlane, amabele amhlophe kanye nezinhlangothi ezibomvu nokugqwala awumvimbeli ekwenzeni umsindo omuhle, ongabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi ukucula.

I-Kingfisher

Le nyoni encane ibukeka kahle kakhulu. Inhloko enkulu enomlomo omkhulu obunjwe ngomkhonto emzimbeni omfushane. Imilenze emincane ethambile namaphiko amafushane ahambisana naso sonke lesi sithombe. Ngakho konke lokhu, i-kingfisher inenqwaba yemibani ekhanyayo: ingemuva namaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi phansi komzimba wayo kuphuzi. Inyoni ihlala ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi, njengoba izingela eduze kwamanzi.

Mallard

Le-waterfowl ejwayelekile ingukhokho wedada lasekhaya. Unomzimba ofinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60 ubude futhi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu 1.5. Ku-plumage, kuyabonakala i-dimorphism yezocansi, enobukhona bokumiswa kwephaphethi eluhlaza engazweli ekhanda nekhola emhlophe. IMallard iyinyoni ethengisayo, into eyintandokazi yokuzingela abazingeli.

Kobchik

Ungowe-oda Falconiformes. I-falcon encane i-mini-falcon. Umbala umnyama, abesilisa bane “bhulukwe” elibomvu, kanti izintokazi zinekhanda elibomvu nomzimba ophansi. Njengabo bonke abameleli be-Falconiformes - umzingeli omkhulu. Yisilwane esidla inyama esidla izinduku ezincane, sibambe ngokushesha izigqoko zazo eziyishumi ngenhla.

Bullfinch

Umeleli okhanyayo kakhulu womndeni onezinwele. Amabele abomvu akhanyayo ama-bullfinches abonakala kakhulu ebusika eqhweni elimhlophe. Zidla ngezithelo namajikijolo asele ezihlahleni. I-bullfinch ayikho enkulu kuneenkanyezi.

I-Lake gull incane kakhulu kune-sea gull

Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezwe lethu. Ine-plumage emhlophe enekhanda elimnyama. Idla izinhlanzi. Izilokazana eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile. Ubukhulu bale nkomo bukhulu kakhulu kunesihlobo saso solwandle.

Nightingale

Inkosi yengoma. Ngosayizi wayo omncane, inezwi elihle ngokubabazekayo. Shono kukhona ukuqhathanisa "ukucula njenge-Nightingale."

Sanibonani bathandekayo balesi siza ngezilwane. U-Alexander uthintana nawe. Uyazi, ngengozi ngisanda kukhumbula ukuthi muva nje ngangijabule kakhulu ngokuhlangana kwezinyoni ezinhle kumondli wethu wezinyoni esihlahleni engadini eduze kwendlu.Njalo sihlala sigcina inani elikhulu lazo esihlahleni ngasinye ebusika.

Futhi kulokhu, izinyoni ezinhle zindiza eziya kwabondli, ebesingakaze sizibone ehlobo. Lezi kwakuyizinyoni - izimbotshana. Muhle kakhulu, ungadabuli amehlo akho. Kulesi sihloko ngizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-tits futhi ubheke izithombe zabo.

Izinhlobo zezithombe zamagama namagama

Kunzima ukungaziqapheli izigaxa ezinombala ophuzi, njengoba endiza ehlathini ehlobo futhi ehlala lapho ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Kepha manje, njengoba kuqala isithwathwa sokuqala, kuzovela izithwathwa ezinamahloni emoyeni - izithonjana zizokwenaba ukuhlala kwabantu. Eduze komuntu ungathola njalo isicubu sokudla. Yebo, futhi umuntu ukhumbula abanamakhanda: ukulungiselela abondli, ulenga ucezu lwamafutha angenalawo. Konke kubo, kwama-tits nabafowabo.

Izinyoni ezincane zihlangana ngamaqembu lapho kufika isimo sezulu esibandayo, ngoba simnandi kakhulu ebusika, kungenzeka zisinde.

Ngokuqala kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi zonke izinyoni ziyafana, ngaphandle kokuthi zingahlukaniswa ukuphakama. Lokhu empeleni akunjalo. Nakhu okujwayelekile I-Titmouse - iBolshak . Mkhulu. Ubuningi bakhe bucwebezela: isisu siphuzi ngomucu omnyama phakathi. I-tit emnyama nesigqoko. Wakha umehluko obukhali ngezihlathi ezimhlophe. Ngasemuva enyoni kunombala wemibala ehlukene eluhlaza.

Izimpawu ezinkulu ziyizinyoni ezithandekayo kakhulu ngokuhamba. Bajuluka ngesiqu sesihlahla, bafuna izinambuzane ezifihliwe ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zikhuluma kakhulu phakathi kwazo. Ehlobo, ihlathi eliseduzane lisebenza njengekhaya labo.

Eduze kwe-titmouse enkulu, izinyoni ezincane ziyagxuma. Zihluke ngemikhulu ngemibala yeplamu. it okwesibhakabhaka tit . Zinezigqoko eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi azikho imivimbo emnyama esifubeni nasesiswini. Ngenxa yesisindo esiphansi se-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zingakwazi ukuthola encibeni yegatsha elincane. Lokhu akusho ukuthi isimilo sabo sinesizotha. I-Blue tit ayizikhubekisi, yenza umsindo ngabondli, xosha ezinye izinyoni.

Isihlobo se-Blue Tit inkosazana . Isikhulu asijwayelekile. “Ugqoke” ijazi elinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe. Le nyoni iyivelakancane, futhi imininingwane ngayo ibhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu.

Emahlathini amnyama e-coniffort kuhlala iplamu efana nesihlahla esikhulu - inyoni ebizwa ngayo Muscovite . Ngokusobala, ngenxa yobumnyama bendawo obuhlala kuyo, izinkumbi zaso ziyafiphala. Kubukeka sengathi inyoni leyo yafafazwa ngamalahle amalahle. Ingabonakala ibala elimhlophe entanyeni.

AmaMuscovite angomakhelwane ukukhukhumala futhi i-gait enamakhanda ansundu . Lawa futhi yi-tits. Imuva labo lingwevu onsundu, izisu zilula, kukhona ibala elimnyama ekhanda, okufanayo ngaphansi komlomo. Odade bahlukaniswa yizwi labo kanye nezinto abazithandayo: i-puffer ingatholakala phakathi kwezihlahla, igadget enekhanda elimnyama emahlathini acijile eduze kwethango lezikhukhula.

Kuyaqabukela, kepha usengabona inyoni enhle ne-crest. Ukuze khona kwenyoni eyi-crest ibizwa grenadier . Kanye ngekhulu le-18, izihloko zamakhanda ama-grenadiers zazinezimpawu ezifanayo. I-grenadier futhi inegama elijwayelekile - i-titsted tit.

Zonke lezi zinyoni zihlanganiswa yukuthi zihlala ezihosheni. Izimbobo ezishiywe yi-woodpecker noma izikhala ezakhiwe ngokwemvelo zihlala esihlahleni. Ukudla kwabo kuyizinambuzane nembewu. Labo abahlala ehlathini le-spruce, ngokwemvelo, badla imbewu kusuka ku-spruce cones. Uma isivuno sama-cones sisezingeni eliphansi, ama-titmies aba ngama-nomads.

Amanye ama-storages amakhulu we-titmouse ezinambuzane nembewu. Imvamisa, izinyoni ziyakhohlwa ngama-pantries azo, kepha amasheya awachithi. Benziwa idili yilabo abokuqala ukuthola lo mbala.

Singasho ukuthi ama-tits anemazala, akha umndeni ohlukile. it amathayili amade amade . Babizwa nangokuthi amasosha ezempi ngoba abukeka njengamapani amancane anesibambo eside. Lokhu "abapheki" bangabakhi abahle.

Izinto zokwakha kubo moss. Izindlu eziyindilinga eziqine futhi eziqinile zitholakala kuwo, ezingatholakala kuphela ngomnyango oseceleni. Njengomthetho, lezi zindlu zifihlwe kahle.

Ebusika, i-tiles ezinde ezinomsila zakha iqembu elizimele kusuka kwabanye. Bangakwazi ukuhamba nabasebenza ngezinkuni uma buthaka.Ngemuva kwalokho ama-tits anethuba lokusesha izinambuzane ngaphansi kwegxolo le-Woodpecker elihlutshiwe.

Ithemba elikhulu ezinyoni zasebusika lilele umuntu. Uma esekela izinyoni ebusika, zizomkhokhela ehlobo elihle. Bafundi abathandekayo, bengifuna ukukubuza, kepha ingabe uyazondla izinyoni ebusika futhi wenze abondli? Bika lokhu kumazwana akule ndatshana. Futhi-ke sizokhuluma ngandlela thile futhi sikhombise kulezi zihloko ezilandelayo - indlela yokwenza abondli bezinyoni. Ungathanda?

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