• Usuku lokuzalwa:

Igama: I-EUROPEAN Mink - Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761)

Isigcawu: Isimilo.

Umndeni: Cunyi.

Isimo Sokulondolozwa: 1 isigaba. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of the Republic ofashkortostan naseTatarstan, esifundeni saseKirov.

Incazelo emfushane: Amasayizi alinganiselwa, ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-43 cm nesisindo kufika ku-800 g, umsila mfushane kancane kunohhafu wobude bomzimba. Phakathi kweminwe, ikakhulukazi onyaweni, ulwelwesi lokubhukuda luthuthukiswa kahle. Umbala womzimba onsundu omnyama, uqhakaza obomvu, okukhanya kancane ohlangothini lwe-ventral futhi kumnyama emaphethelweni nomsila. Ezindebeni ezingaphezulu nezingezansi, esilevini futhi kwesinye isikhathi esifubeni kukhona amabala amhlophe, imvamisa kuhlala indawo enkulu endaweni yezinyamazane, okuyiyo mink yaseMelika.

Ukubhebhetheka: Phambilini bekugcwele e-Europe, eCaucasus nase Ntshonalanga yeSiberia. Njengamanje, uhla lwemvelo lwezinhlobo luqukethe izingcezwana ezihlukaniswe zodwa eSpain, eFrance, eRomania, e-Ukraine naseRussia.

Isayensi Yemvelo Iphila indlela yokuphila yasemanzini esezingeni eliphansi. Ihlala ikakhulukazi echibini elincanyana eligeleza esifundeni sehlathi, linamathela ezindaweni ezinamaphethelo aminyene nemigwaqo engafriqeli ebusika. Iphila impilo yokuhlala.

Isimo samanje: Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ama-mink aseYurophu ahlala kuyo yonke indawo eyayingatholakala ezweni lase-Udmurtia. Ngokusho kokuthengwa kwempahla ye-republic, ngeminyaka yama-1960s cishe anikezela izinkulungwane zomzimba, kepha eminyakeni eyalandela ingxenye yalolu hlobo yahla ngokuqinile. Ngokwenhlolovo nedatha yomuntu siqu, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-mink yaseYurophu yayingaphikelela kwezinye izindawo zepolitiki. Eminyakeni yamuva, imininingwane ethembekile mayelana nemihlangano yezilwane endaweni ye-Udmurtia ayikho.

Izici zokunciphisa: Ukucekelwa phansi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezifanele, ukuthuthwa yi-American mink.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha: Ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola ezindaweni ezinokwenzeka zezinhlobo ezikulelizwe.

Imithombo yolwazi: 1.Bomvu. 2004, 2. Bomvu. 2006, 3. Umthethonqubo. 2011, 4. Aristov, Baryshnikov, 2001, 5. Skumatov, 2005, 6. Bobrov et al., 2008, 7. Aulagnier et. al., 2011, 8. Kindowsv, 1969, 9. Rare. 1988, 10. Ukraintseva, Kapitonov, 1997.

Incazelo

Isimo saseYurophu yisilwane esincane. Abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi bakhula babe ngama-40 cm anesisindo esingu-750 g, kanti izinsikazi zincane kakhulu - zinesisindo esingaba yingxenye yekhilogremu futhi ubude bungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Umzimba uphakeme, amalunga amafushane. Umsila awuqinile ku-10-15 cm ubude.

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Isibalo sisincane, sithambile, sinezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga, sicishe sicashe ngoboya obukhulu futhi ngamehlo aqhakazile. Iminwe ye-mink ivezwa yilolo lungu, olubonakala ikakhulukazi emilenzeni yangemuva.

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Ubovu bukhulu, buqinile, abude, bunamanzi angaphansi ahlala omile ngisho nangemuva kwezinqubo ezinde zamanzi. Umbala uqinile, usuka ekukhanyeni uye kumdaka omnyama, akuvamile ukuba mnyama. Kukhona uhlaka olumhlophe ku-chin nesifuba.

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IJografi nendawo yokuhlala

Phambilini ama-minks aseYurophu ayehlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kusukela eFinland kuye eSpain. Kodwa-ke, manje angatholakala ezindaweni ezincane eSpain, eFrance, eRomania, e-Ukraine naseRussia. Iningi lalolu hlobo luhlala eRussia. Lapha, inani labo ngabantu abangama-20,000 - izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zenani lomhlaba.

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Lolu hlobo lunezidingo ezikhethekile zezindawo zokuhlala, okungenye yezizathu zokwehla kwesilinganiso sabantu. Yizidalwa ezinamanzi amancane ezihlala emanzini nasemhlabeni, ngakho-ke kufanele zizinze eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Kuyinto ephawuleka ukuthi izilwane zihlala kuphela eduze kwamachibi amanzi, imifula, imifudlana kanye namaxhaphozi. Amacala okubonakala kwe-European mink ogwini awukaqoshwa.

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Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMelaela lutreola udinga izitshalo eziminyene ngasogwini lolwandle. Bahlela amakhaya abo ngokumba umgodi noma indawo enezingodo eziningi, bazifudumeza ngotshani namaqabunga ngendlela enjengebhizinisi, ngaleyo ndlela bezenzele induduzo bona nezizukulwane zabo.

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Imikhuba

Izinki ziyizidlakela zasebusuku, zikhululekile kakhulu kusihlwa. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi bazingela ebusuku. Ukuzingela kwenzeka ngendlela ethokozisayo - isilwane silandelela inyamazane yaso sisuka ogwini, lapho sichitha khona isikhathi sayo esiningi.

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Izinki zokubhukuda zihle kakhulu, iminwe enama-membrane izisiza ukuba zisebenzise ama-paws awo njengamaphepha. Uma kunesidingo, zishona kahle, uma kwenzeka ingozi ibhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi ifinyelela kumamitha angama-20. Ngemuva kokuphefumula iDemo, bangaqhubeka nokubhukuda.

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Umsoco

Izinki ama-carnivores, okusho ukuthi adla inyama. Amagundane, onogwaja, inhlanzi, imfishi, izinyoka, amasele nama-waterfowl ayingxenye yokudla kwabo. I-European mink iyaziwa ukuthi idla uhlaza kwezinye izimila. Izinsalela zezikhumba zivame ukugcinwa emgodini wazo.

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Iyondla kunoma iziphi izakhamizi ezincane zamachibi nezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Ukudla okuyisisekelo yilawa: amagundane, amagundane, izinhlanzi, ama-amphibians, amasele, crayfish, amabhungane kanye nezibungu.

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Eduzane nemizana, izinkukhu, amadada nezinye izilwane ezincane ezifuywayo kwesinye isikhathi kuyazingelwa. Ngezikhathi zendlala, zingadla imfucuza.

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Kuthandwa kakhulu inyamazane entsha: ekudingisweni, ngokuntuleka kwekhwalithi yenyama, bahlala yindlala izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokuguqukela enyameni ebunjiweyo.

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Ngaphambi kwesithokomelo esibandayo, bazama ukwenza izinto zokukhosela kusuka emanzini amasha, izinhlanzi, namagundane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni. Kuzindawo zokugcina amanzi ezingashoni, amasele angafakwanga futhi asongwe agcinwa.

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Ukuzala

Izimbungungu zaseYurophu azishadile. Abadukanga baba ngamaqembu, bahlala ngokwehlukana. Okuhlukile yisikhathi sokuzalela, lapho owesilisa osebenzayo eqala ukujaha futhi alwe nabesifazane abalungele ukuvuthwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40 zokukhulelwa, kuzalwa izingane eziningi. Imvamisa kuzalo eyodwa kusuka kumazinyane amabili kuya kwayisikhombisa. Unina ubagcina ebisini isikhathi esingange izinyanga ezine, khona-ke bayashintsha ngokuphelele ekunakekelweni yinyama. Umama uhamba ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10-12, afike esikhathini sokuthomba.