Abantu bahlobanisa izinyoni nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zomlingiswa, bakhonjwa ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zobuntu. Igama lezinyoni eziningi lisusa yonke inhlangano yethu.
Ekhuluma ngenyoni ye-swan, wonke umuntu uzocabanga ubuhle bayo futhi akhumbule ngobuhle be-swan. Kuwo lo mndeni kukhona okhethwe njengophawu lukazwelonke lwaseFinland - ubanioper.
Incazelo nezici ze-whooper swan
Ukuhleleka kwama-Anseriformes kanye nomndeni wamadada kumelwe ngokuhlukahlukene izinyoni, futhi ubanioper omunye wabamele abangajwayelekile. Ngaphandle, lokhu kufana nokujwayelekile komqondo ojwayelekile, kepha futhi kunokuhlukahluka okuthile.
Usayizi we-whoper swan mkhulu impela: isisindo sezinyoni singamakhilogremu angama-7.5-14. Ekugcineni, umzimba wale nyoni ufinyelela ku-140-170 cm.Izimpiko zinobude obuyi-275 cm. Uqhwaku lumbala onsundu ngophawu omnyama, usayizi ukusuka ku-9 kuya ku-12 cm.
Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. TO I-Whooper Swan singangeza ukuthi uma siqhathanisa nabazalwane sikhulu kune-swan encane, kepha sincane kune-swan esiswini.
Umbala we-plopage we-whoopers umhlophe; kunokukhanya okuningi phakathi kwezimpaphe. Izinyoni ezincane zidwetshwa ngophawu olimpunga olukhanyayo, kanti ikhanda limnyama kancane kunalo lonke umzimba, kuthi ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila baba mhlophe qhwa.
Izinyoni ezinkulu zinentamo ende (intamo icishe ilingane nobude bomzimba), eziyibamba iqonde, futhi ayigobi, futhi imilenze emifushane, emnyama. Izimpiko zazo ziqine kakhulu futhi ziqinile, njengoba kubalulekile ukugcina isisindo sazo esikhulu.
Ukushaywa okunamandla kwephiko le-swan kungaphula isandla sengane. Use isithombe se-whooper swan ungabubonga bonke ubuhle bayo nomusa obuhambisana nalezi zinyoni.
Whooper Swan Habitat
I-Whooper Swan inyoni efudukayo. Izindawo zayo ezidlekayo ziwela engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi i-Eurasia, ukusuka eScotland naseScandinavia kuya eziqhingini zaseSakhalin naseChukotka. Kuyatholakala naseMongolia, enyakatho yeJapan.
Ngokubanda ubusika, izinyoni ziyahamba ziye enyakatho yoLwandle iMedithera, zilibhekise eningizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, (China, Korea), ziye eCaspian. I-Nesting eScandinavia, ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe nolweBaltic, izinyoni zivame ukusala ukuze kube nobusika ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo. Izinyoni ezivela e-Eurasia nazo azikwazi ukundiza, inqobo nje uma amadamu lapho ahlala khona engabandi.
Esifundeni i-Omsk, ama-whoopers atholakala eTauride, eNazyvaevsky, ezifundeni zaseBolsherechensky. Amachibi echibalo echibi abuye athola ama-whoper swans ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezidlekayo lapho amahlathi asezingeni elingaphansi komhlaba ethathelwa indawo yi-tundra.
I-Bairovsky State Animal Refuge inenamba enkulu kunazo zonke zokubhukuda kwe-whooper endiza lapho esidlekeni. Izinyoni zizizwa zikhululekile futhi ziphephile lapho, okuthanda ukuzalaniswa.
Indlela Yokuphila ye-Whooper Swan
Ama-Swans ahlala eduze namachibi, ngakho-ke izinyoni zikhulu impela, zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emanzini. Ama-Waterfowl ahlala ebusweni bamanzi ngokubabazekayo, ebambe izintamo zawo ziqonde, ngokucindezela amaphiko awo emzimbeni.
Ngaphandle, kubukeka sengathi izinyoni zibhukuda kancane, azijahi ndawo, kepha uma zifuna ukubhekana nazo, zithola amandla okuhamba ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, amaswidi aqaphele kakhulu, azama ukuhlala phezu kwamanzi kude nolwandle.
Ifuna ukukhumula, i-fan esindayo esindayo igijima isikhathi eside emanzini, inyukela phezulu kanye nesivinini esifunayo. Lezi zinyoni azivamile ukuhamba emhlabathini, kuphela uma kunesidingo, ngoba kulula kakhulu ngazo ukugcina umzimba omningi emanzini noma endizeni.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ama-whooper swans aqala ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane abantu abaningana. Okokuqala, izinyoni zodwa, bese kuthi imihlambi yabantu abafinyelela kwabayishumi indize phezulu esibhakabhakeni imini nobusuku.
E-Eastern Siberia nase Primorye, umuntu uvame ukubona izimbambo zokubhukuda ezindizayo. Izinyoni zithatha ikhefu emachibini ukuze zikhululeke, zidle futhi zithole amandla. Ekwindla, isikhathi sokufuduka siba ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, isikhathi lapho kuqala isithwathwa sokuqala.
Ebusuku, lapho impilo ibamba, imisindo yokujuluka ibonakala kahle esibhakabhakeni. Kwakuyizwi labo - elizwakalayo futhi elinamacilongo, babeqanjwa ngokuthiwa ngubani? Umsindo uzwakala njenge- "gang-go," futhi ukukhishwa kwe-swan kusentwasahlobo kumnandi kakhulu lapho amazwi abo ajabulile ezwakala emelene nesimo sangemuva sokuphaphama, ukusakaza okukhononda nezingoma zamaphimbo amancane. Kulezo zwi elifanayo swans zikhombisa ukujabha kwabo ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Lalela izwi le-whoper swan
I-Whooper Swan iyondla
Njengoba ama-swans eyi-waterfowl, ukudla okutholakala emanzini kuyisisekelo sokudla kwabo. Lezi izitshalo zasemanzini ezahlukahlukene inyoni ezikhipha lapho idonsa. Ama-Swans angathola nezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollus emanzini.
Ikakhulu ukukuthanda ukudla okunjalo izinyoni ezidinga amaprotheni. Ngenkathi isemhlabathini, ama-swans adla amakhambi ahlukahlukene, okusanhlamvu, ukucosha imbewu, amajikijolo, izinambuzane nezibungu.
Amachwane adinga ukukhula ikakhulukazi adla ukudla kwamaprotheni, ukuwukhipha kusuka phansi echibini, ukuhlala ekujuleni okungajulile ngasogwini, futhi angena emanzini, njengoba kwenza amadada.
Izinyoni zethula intamo ende emanzini, zigcwala imilomo yazo ngaphezu kosilika, zikhetha izimpande nezitshalo ezihlwabusayo. Babutha nosilika ngomlomo wabo, bawuhlunge ngemikhonto ekhethekile. Ukusuka osindweni lwenyoni, edliwayo ikhethiwe ngolimi.
Bheka incazelo
I-Whooper swan ingummeleli womndeni wamadada kanye nokulandelana kwama-Anseriformes. Sekukonke, indawo yokuhlala inezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zama-swans:
I-whooper swan yehlukile ezihlotsheni zayo eziseduzane ze -isim swan ngokusesilinganisweni esithe xaxa, kodwa nokho ihlaba umxhwele enyameni, ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala bungafinyelela ku-180 cm, kuthi amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-280. Isisindo somzimba sowesifazane osekhulile sisuka ku-7 kuye ku-10 kg. Owesilisa unesisindo esengeziwe - kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-16 kg.
Izinyoni zinentamo ende, kepha ngaphandle kokugoba okuphathelene nomzimba, umzimba ominyene futhi oqinile, ama-paws amafushane.
Ezinyoni ezindala, izimpaphe zimhlophe qhwa, kanti izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuba ngompunga, zimhlophe- grey, zingwephuzi. Ukuncibilika kwabadala kwenzeka kuphela eminyakeni emithathu.
Habitat
I-Whoopers hibernate ezindaweni ezifudumele: ogwini lweMedithera, eChina naseKorea, e-Iran, e-Azerbaijan, eTurkmenistan (ezigodini zaseCaspian ezisogwini). Abanye abantu abahlala ogwini loLwandle lweBaltic kwesinye isikhathi bahlala ebusika futhi bavukele ephikweni kuphela ebusika obubanda kakhulu futhi buneqhwa.
Indawo yezidleke yezinyoni ibanzi impela: ukusuka eScotland nasemazweni aseScandinavia kuya eSakhalin. Iningi labantu baseningizimu lihlala esifundeni sase-Astrakhan nase-Altai Territory, eMongolia, ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho zeJapan, iSwitzerland ne-Austria. Akuvamisile ukuba kusetshenziswe ama-whooper ezindaweni eziphakathi naseRussia, eSiberia, kanye nasemazweni aseningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu.
20.12.2017
U-Whooper Swan (lat.Cygnus cygnus) ungowomndeni ka-Utins (Anatidae). AbakwaFen babheka i-swan emhlophe enhle njengophawu lwabo lwelizwe. Ngokungafani nesidenge esisisiyaluyalu, asikhiphi msindo, kodwa imisindo ebhoboza umsindo ezwakala kude. Le nyoni enezinyoni inesilulumagama esikhulu, ngosizo kwayo iveza imizwa yayo.
Ukubhebhetheka
Lolu hlobo lusatshalaliswa engxenyeni ebalulekile yesifunda esingaphansi kwe-Eurasia. Uhla lwayo lusuka e-Iceland luye eScandinavia luye ezweni laseSiberia liye eSakhalin naseChukotka. Indawo yemvelo yama-whoopers yi-tundra enezimila ezimile. Umngcele oseningizimu wabantu base-Asia ugijima enyakatho neMongolia naseJapan.
Ama-Whoopers ahlala echibini elingashoni nemifula egeleza kancane, lapho izitshalo zasemanzini zikhula khona kakhulu. Iningi lazo lihamba ngendiza ebusika liye ezondweni ezifudumele. Kusebusika ogwini lolwandle iMedithera nolwandle lweCaspian, kanye nasendaweni engaseningizimu neAsia. Izinyoni ezihlala emizimbeni engenamanzi aqandayo ihlala ihlala ebusika ezweni lakubo noma yenze izindiza ezingenamkhawulo eningizimu ezindaweni ezinhle. Zizwa zilungile ngokulinganayo emanzini amasha anosawoti noma oxubile.
Ukuziphatha
I-Whooper swan ichitha isikhathi esiningi isemanzini. Imvamisa ubhukuda kancane, ujabulele ubukhosi bakhe bokuziqhenya, kepha ngezikhathi zokusongela ukufa uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ijubane eliqinile. Kuyasuka ngemuva kokuhamba isikhathi eside phezu kwamanzi, kuxegise kanzima ama-paws awo. Ihamba kabi futhi kuyaqabukela emhlabathini.
Inyoni iyakuthanda futhi iyazi ukukhwaza. Lapho ekhala, ushaya intamo yakhe futhi uphakamisa ikhanda. I-cheers kanye nokunqoba kuzwakala njenge- "gi-gi-gi" futhi kuhambisana nokushaywa kwamaphiko ngamandla. Eholidini, ama-swans akhuluma phakathi kwawo ngemisindo ethule futhi enomphimbo, futhi inyoni ngayinye inezwi layo eliyingqayizivele. Izinyoni eziphazamisekile zishintshanisa imishwana emifushane nebukhali ikhumbuza "uk" noma "ak". Endizeni, akhuluma ngecilongo kuzwakala njengo- "kyu-kyu-kyu".
Ama-Whooper swans andiza kahle ngaphandle komsindo wesimo samaphiko owavela kwamanye amalungu amaningi omndeni. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nezimo zemvelo, zisebenza imini nobusuku. Njengoba beyizidalwa ezesabayo, bazama ukungazivezi ebungozini obukhulu. Izindiza eziya ezindlini zasebusika zenzeka maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Isisekelo sokudla izitshalo zasemanzini. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-swans avakashela izimbali ezimanzi, adla utshani nezimpande. Akuvamile ukuba bavakashele amasimu wepulazi, bakhetha imifino emisha yokudlwengula ezitshalweni zasebusika. Ngezikhathi ezithile ama-invertebrates amancane, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, faka imenyu.
Ukuzala
Izindawo zokuzalela eziphambili zitholakala emingceleni ye-taiga ne-tundra. Zitholakala emizimbeni yamanzi enamasayizi ahlukahlukene. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukusukela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube nguMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-whooper swans aba sendawo futhi avikele ngenkani izinto zawo kunoma yikuphi ukungeneka. Bephula insimbi yomngcele ngamaphiko nangephini kakhulu.
Le ntokazi yakha isidleke esinobubanzi obunga-1 m nokuphakama okungama-0,5-0.8 m ogwini oluseduze namanzi phakathi kwamathanga eziminyene zezimila. Ukulethwa kwezinto zokwakha kwenziwa ngumyeni wakhe. Kusetshenziswa umhlanga, umhlanga, ama-wedges kanye nanoma yikuphi utshani kanye ne-algae ekhula eduze. Ngaphakathi, isidleke sikleliswe phansi futhi moss. Ingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana, ukunwebeka nokuqinisa njalo ngonyaka, ifinyelela ububanzi obuyi-2-3 m.
Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda angama-5-6 ama-113x74 mm ngosayizi. Umbala wazo uhluka kusuka kokuphuzi-okumhlophe kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezinsizi ezincane. Amaqanda abekwa ngezikhathi ezithile ezingamahora angama-48. Ukubamba kuqala ngemuva kokubeka iqanda lokugcina. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-35-36. Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza ekubambeni inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, ezinqumela ekuvikeleni isidleke. Ngokulahleka kokukhanywa, owesibili uyenziwa, kepha kuhlala kukhona amaqanda ambalwa kuwo.
Njengoba sesomile, amaswidi abanjiwe alungele ukuphuma esidlekeni futhi alandele nonina. Bobabili abazali bondla izingane, bazivikele ngokungakhathali kunoma yikuphi okubi. Imichilo imbozwe ngogqinsi onsundu onsundu phansi ngentambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zinezindebe ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ezinethiphu elimnyama njengezinyoni ezindala. Ziba namaphiko cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-90. Imvamisa bachitha ubusika babo bokuqala nabazali babo, bese kuthi intwasahlobo elandelayo ibe khona kokuzimela. Ukuthomba kwabo kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-4.
Indaba
I-whooper swan kaningi kukhulunywa ngayo ezinganekwaneni futhi iwuphawu lokuthembeka, uthando nobumsulwa. Kepha kukhona amanye amaqiniso angacishe abe mancane, mayelana nama-whoopers:
- umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantu balolu hlobo lokuzalela kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo ukungabi bikho kwesihlombe esibonakalayo ebusweni bomlomo wesilungu,
- I-Whoopers iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zama swans ezinentamo ende eqondile, ngaphandle kokugoba,
- abesilisa bavame ukubandakanyeka ezimpini zamagazi ezinendawo yabo, noma kumngane wabo abakhethiwe,
- abantu abadala baqinile impela futhi banamandla amangalisayo, ngakho-ke ngophiko olulodwa nje bangasishaya isilwane esincane bashaye nesandla somuntu,
- abantu abaningi beTrans-Urals baphakamise lezi zinyoni futhi benza ama-totems ngokubonakala kwazo, futhi abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi bavela emadlubini,
- eSiberia, bekukholelwa ukuthi lapho kuqala amakhaza asebusika, ama-whoopers ajika abe yiqhwa, kuthi ngentwasahlobo abuyele odansini.
Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ama -ansoper swans adonse ukunaka komuntu. Izinganekwane eziningi nezinganekwane, izinkondlo, izingoma nezinganekwane kubhalwe ngazo. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ama-swans enza samuntu isibonakaliso sokwethembeka nothando lwaphakade.
Incazelo yokuzala
Ekuchazeni kwemingcele yangaphandle ye-whooper, azikho izimpawu ezingajwayelekile ezingayihlukanisa kusukela ekuqondeni okwamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukubukeka kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo lokuzalela. Kepha noma kunjalo kunezici zokuziphatha zohlobo lwe-whoper.
Okokuqala, lawa asayizi womzimba:
- isisindo sezinyoni singafinyelela kusuka kumakhilogremu angu-7.5 kuye ku-15,
- ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka kusuka ngamasentimitha ayi-140 kuye kwangama-175,
- amaphiko angena kahle emzimbeni, amaphiko aqala ku-265 kuya ku-280 cm,
- intamo yinde kakhulu futhi iqondile,
- umlomo uvika amasentimitha ayi-12–12 ubude, upende ngombala okhanyayo wethiphu nesihloko esimnyama,
- Likhulu ngosayizi kunezinsika "ezincane", kepha liphansi kancane kune-swan esiswini.
Ngokuqondene nokufakwa umbala kokubandakanyeka, kuyaphawuleka ukuqaphela ukuthi amaplamu amhlophe qhwa amhlophe qhwa kuwo avela kuphela ngeminyaka engu-3, lapho kwenzeka ukuthomba. Kuze kube yilonyaka, amaswidi anezinwele ezimpunga ezikhanyayo, futhi umbala wezinsiba ekhanda uhlala umnyama ngandlela thile kunasemuva.
Izindawo lapho kuhlala khona i-whooperon swan zimelelwa yiScandinavia Peninsula, iScotland neSakhalin. Zingabonakala nasenyakatho yoLwandle lweCaspian, iMongolia kanye neJapan, kanti i-whooper swan ihlala osebeni lwePhum Territory nasemachibini amakhulu aseChukotka.
Lokhu kunguhlobo lokufuduka lwamadada, ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwenkathi yobusika, bandiza baye ezindaweni ezifudumele baye oLwandle iMedithera, kanye nasendaweni ephakathi eseningizimu ye-Asia. Ukuhamba nge-Whoopers kungaba yinde kakhulu.
Uma kunesidingo, izinyoni zehlela endaweni engaphezulu kwamanzi yamachibi amakhulu, lapho ziphumula khona futhi zithole amandla okuqedela ukundiza kwazo.
Ekupheleni kobusika, lezi zinyoni ziphinda zibuyele ezindaweni zazo zangaphambili zama-whoopers, emva kwalokho ukudansa kokuqala kokuzala kuqale. Ekuqaleni, amaphuphu amancane andizela emhlambini owodwa nabazali bawo, kuthi lapho esefinyelele ekuthweni azilwe nawo, adale owawo umndeni nomhlambi.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-whooper swans sisezingeni eliphakathi kweminyaka engama-9 ukuya kweli-10, futhi ukuthomba, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-3. Baqala ukuhlela imidlalo yokuthandana ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi ebusika.
Abesilisa baqala ukunikeza izwi elikhulu lecilongo futhi bahehe ukunakwa kwabesifazane ngemidanso emangalisayo yokuqhathanisa. Ngemuva kokufikelwa yindawo yabo yokuhlala evamile, ama-whoopers ahlukaniswe ngababili futhi aqala ukuhlela izidleke zokuqhubeka nokubekwa kweqanda nokuqandusela amaphuphu.
Ukuze ucace kakhudlwana, isidleke sivame ukufakelwa insikazi, futhi owesilisa useduze. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlaka zesidleke se-swan zihlaba umxhwele impela futhi zisukela kumamitha amathathu kuya kwamasentimitha futhi zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-74-80 ukujula, zitholakala kakhulu, ngoba laba bantu banamahloni kakhulu futhi babona ingozi kukho konke. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola izidleke, bakhetha izindawo ezihlala zodwa neziqhelile.
Kwibhande elilodwa, insikazi ikhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-7 bese izithathela yona. Owesilisa uhlala emqapha futhi, lapho kuvela ingozi, uyakhala kakhulu.
Ngokushesha insikazi iqala ukuphendulela amaqanda, emva kwalokho iqhubeke nokucwilisa.
Yonke inqubo kusuka ekubekeni amaqanda ukubukeka kwamantshontsho ithatha izinsuku ezingama-36- 40. Kukhona izingane ezine-grey fluff emzimbeni. Imibhangqwana yama-Swan inesibopho esikhulu enqubekweni yokukhulisa nokondla amachwane, akhula futhi akhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngeviki lokuqala lokuphila, amaphuphu azondla ngokwawo, futhi lapho esenezinyanga ezi-3 ashiya izidleke, kodwa angayi kude nabazali bawo.
I-Whooper Swan iyinyoni efudukayo enobukhulu obukhulu, ngakho-ke ichitha iningi lempilo yayo emanzini.Ukusuka ngaphandle kubonakala sengathi izinyoni ziya ngokuya zihamba kancane futhi zibumbene, kepha lapho ingozi isondela, am swans ngokushesha aqala ukuhamba emanzini aze afike, ngakho-ke ngisho nangesikebhe awukwazi ukubanjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Njengamanje, abalimi abaningi abakhulu bazala laba bantu ngezakhiwo zabo njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa. Ukuze ugcine izingulule, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nechibi elincane noma ichibi lokufakelwa kuleyo ndawo, uma kwenzeka kwephula lezi zidingo, ama-swans ngeke akwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside esigcawini somuntu siqu futhi azowushiya ngesikhathi esincane.
Ukondla
Endle, i-whooper swan idla ikakhulu izitshalo zokudla, futhi cishe i-18-20% yokudla kwansuku zonke yimikhiqizo yezilwane ngesimo:
- izibungu
- izinambuzane
- ezinye izinhlobo ezincane ze-invertebrate.
Umgomo ofanayo wokudla kufanele ube lapho usuthisa izingulube ekhaya. Ukudla okwenziwa nsuku zonke kosanta kufanele kuqukathe izitshalo ezinjengalezi:
Izithako ezifakwe kuhlu ziqukethe izinto ezinosizo ezifana ne-niacin, i-sulfate, i-chloride, i-carotene, i-tocopherol nezinye izinto eziwusizo ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okuphezulu kanye nokwakhiwa kwamasans.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwalezi zinyoni ekhaya kufanele kubukeke okufana nalokhu:
- ekuseni - izilimo ezimpande ezichotshoziwe (ezingama-230 g umuntu ngamunye) enamanzi amaningi, kanye nama-forb (500 g umuntu ngamunye) nezinhlamvu (250 g), isidlo sethambo - amagremu angama-20,
- kwasemini - okuphakelayo okumanzi futhi uhambe usuku lonke emgaqweni eduze kwedamu elinokufinyelela mahhala ekudleni utshani,
- ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, yonke into inconywa njengasekuseni kwasekuseni.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi yize iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinyoni zichitha usuku lonke echibini noma echibini, zidinga ukugcwalisa njalo izitsha zokuphuza ezindlini zezindiza, ogwini lwechibi nasezindaweni ezigcinwa kuzo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Whooper swans isidleke ehlathini-tundra nasezindaweni ze-taiga kulo lonke i-Eurasia, eningizimu yohlu lokuzalela kwamaBuick swans, isuka e-Iceland nasenyakatho yeScandinavia entshonalanga iye ogwini lwePacific lwaseRussia empumalanga.
Kuchazwe imiphakathi emihlanu eyinhloko yama -ansoper swans:
- Isakhamuzi sase-Iceland
- inani labantu abasenyakatho nentshonalanga nezwekazi laseYurophu,
- inani labantu oLwandle Olumnyama, eMpumalanga YaseMedithera,
- inani labantu baseNtshonalanga naseCentral eSiberia, uLwandle lweCaspian,
- Inani labantu baseMpumalanga Asia.
Kodwa-ke, kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu mayelana nobungako bokuhamba kwama-whoper swans phakathi koLwandle Olumnyama / EMpumalanga YaseMedithera kanye nezifunda zaseNtshonalanga neCentral Siberia / noLwandle lweCaspian, futhi ngenxa yalokho lezi zinyoni kwesinye isikhathi zithathwa njengezindawo ezizalanayo zaseCentral Russia.
Inani labantu abazalanayo e-Iceland, futhi iningi lifuduka liwela i-Atlantic ngamakhilomitha angama-800-1400 ebusika, ikakhulukazi liye eBrithani nase-Ireland. Cishe izinyoni ezingaba ngu-1000- 1500 zihlala e-Iceland phakathi nobusika, futhi amanani azo ancike ezimweni zezulu nokutholakala kokudla.
Ividiyo: Whooper Swan
Izakhamizi zase-Europe ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga zizalela enyakatho yeScandinavia nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga neRussia, lapho kukhuphuka inani lababili abadla laphaya eningizimu (ikakhulukazi emazweni aseBaltic: i-Estonia, iLatvia, iLithuania nePoland). Ama-Swans afudukela eningizimu ebusika, ikakhulukazi eYurophu yezwekazi, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi abanye abantu bafika eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNgilandi.
Izidleke zabantu baseLwandle Olumnyama / lwaseMpumalanga YaseMedithera eNtshonalanga yeSiberia, futhi mhlawumbe nentshonalanga ye-Urals, kungahle kube nezinga elithile lokuxhuma nabantu beNtshonalanga neCentral Siberia / iCaspian Sea. Inani labantu baseNtshonalanga naseCentral eSiberia / eCaspian. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izalela eCentral Siberia futhi ebusika phakathi koLwandle iCaspian neLake Balkhash.
Inani labantu base-East Asia lisabalele ezinyangeni zasehlobo kulo lonke inyakatho yeChina kanye nasempumalanga ye-Russian taiga kanye nobusika ikakhulukazi eJapan, China naseKorea. Imizila yokufuduka ayikaqondakali ngokuphelele, kepha izinhlelo zokufona nokulandelela zenziwa empumalanga yeRussia, China, Mongolia naseJapan.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Whooper Swan Kubukeka Kanjani
I-Whooper Swan iyi-swan enkulu enobude bayo obungamamitha ayi-1,4 - 1,65. Owesilisa uvame ukuba mkhulu kunowesifazane, ngokwesilinganiso amamitha ayi-1,65 futhi abe nesisindo esingama-10.8 kg, kanti owesimame uvame ukuba nesisindo esingu-8.1 kg. Iphiko lingamamitha ayi-2.1 - 2.8.
I-Whooper Swan inepula elimhlophe elihlanzekile, iwebhu kanye nemilenze emnyama. Ingxenye yomlomo ingu-orange-ophuzi (ezansi), kanti ichopho limnyama. Lezi zimaki ezingomlomo zihlukile kubantu abahlukile. Amamaki aphuzi anwebeka ngendlela ye-wedge kusuka kwisisekelo kuya emakhaleni noma noma ngaphezulu kwawo. Ama-Whooper swans nawo anokuma okuma ngokweqile okuqhathaniswa namanye ama-swans, okugoba okuncane phansi kwentamo nentambo ende okulingana nobude bomzimba wonke. Imilenze nezinyawo zivame ukuba mnyama, kepha zingaba mpinki noma zibe namabala apinki emilenzeni.
Izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuba namapheya amhlophe, kepha abantu grey nabo abajwayelekile. Amathanga amfushane anombala onsundu ngombala omnyama omncane, i-nape, amahlombe nomsila. I-plumage engafakwanga ekuqaleni kobuso ingwevu onsundu, ibe mnyama emqheleni wekhanda. Umuntu ngamunye uba mhlophe kancane kancane, ngamanani ahlukene, ebusika bawo bokuqala, futhi angakhula entwasahlobo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-Whooper Swans anezinsimbi eziphakeme, ehlobo nasebusika, enezingcingo ezifanayo nezikaBuick swans, kodwa ngezwi elijulile, elinesidumo. Amandla nokuphakama kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngomongo womphakathi: kusuka kumanothi ahlala ememeza ngesikhathi semihlangano enolaka kanye nezikhalo zokunqoba kuya kokuthambisa kwemisindo “yokuxhumana” phakathi kwezinyoni ezimbili nemindeni.
Ebusika, izingcingo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola amandla emaphaketheni lapho zifika endaweni yasebusika. Izinsimbi ezihambisana nekhanda zibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukubumbana kwezithandani nomndeni. Ziya ngokuya zikhwela ngaphambi kokusuka, ziphenduke umsindo ophakeme kakhulu ngemuva kwendiza. Abantu abasha abasebancane bayakwazi ukwenza imisindo esindayo evakalayo uma behlangabezana nezinkinga futhi bethamba nezingcingo zokuxhumana ezithambile ngezinye izikhathi.
Njalo ngonyaka kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, ama-whoopers aphonsa izimpaphe zawo endaweni yokuzalanisa. Izinyoni ezibhanqiwe zijwayela ukungaboli. Ngokungafani ne-Buick swans, lapho izilwane ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala zikhonjwa khona ngomkhondo wezimpaphe ezingwevu, amapayipi amaningi asebusika asibonakali ngokuvela kwabantu abaningi.
Ihlala kuphi i-whooper swan?
Photo: Whooper Swan ngendiza
Ama-swans ama-Whooper anebanga elibanzi futhi atholakala endaweni ye-boreal ngaphakathi kwe-Eurasia naseziqhingini eziningi eziseduze. Athuthela amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamamayela ezindaweni ezinobusika. Lezi swans zivame ukuthutha ezindaweni zasebusika ezungeze u-Okthoba bese zibuyela esimeni sazo sokudlela ngo-Ephreli.
Ama-Whooper swans azalaniswa e-Iceland, eNyakatho Yurophu nase-Asia. Ahamba esuka eningizimu aye ebusika aye entshonalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu - azungeze iziLwandle eziMnyama, i-Aral nezaseCaspian, kanye nasezifundeni ezisogwini lwaseChina naseJapan. E-UK, bazalela enyakatho yeScotland, ikakhulukazi e-Orkney. Kusebusika enyakatho nasempumalanga yeNgilandi, kanye nase-Ireland.
Izinyoni ezivela ebusika eSiberia ngamanani amancane e-Aleutian Islands, e-Alaska. Abafuduki kwesinye isikhathi baya kwenye indawo entshonalanga ye-Alaska, futhi akuvamile kakhulu ebusika ukuya eningizimu ogwini lwePacific baye eCalifornia. Amaqoqo angawodwa namancane, angavamile ukubonwa enyakatho-mpumalanga, angaphunyuka ekudingisweni noma ekuhoxisweni e-Iceland.
U-Whooper swan mates futhi wakhe izidleke osebeni lwamanzi amanzi ahlanzekile anamanzi, amachibi, imifula engaxuxu namaxhaphozi. Bancamela indawo yokuhlala enotshani bezithelo zasendlini, ezinganikeza isivikelo esingezekile esidlekeni sabo nasekwenzeni okusanda kuzalwa.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi litholakala kuphi i-whooper swan kwiBhuku elibomvu. Sibona ukuthi kudlani inyoni enhle?
Yini edla i -operoper?
Photo: Whooper Swan ovela Red Book
Ama -ansoper swans adla kakhulu ezitshalweni zasemanzini, kepha futhi adla okusanhlamvu, utshani nemikhiqizo yezolimo enjengokolweni, amazambane kanye izaqathi - ikakhulukazi ebusika lapho eminye imithombo yokudla ingatholakali.
Ama-swans amancane kuphela futhi angafishi adla izinambuzane zasemanzini kanye nama-crustaceans, ngoba anesidingo esiphakeme samaprotheni kunabantu abadala. Lapho esegugile, ukudla kwawo kushintsha abe yisitshalo esihlanganisa imifino nezimpande zasemanzini.
Emanzini angajulile, ama-whoper swans angasebenzisa izinyawo zawo eziqinile ezinamanzi okumba udaka olugcwale amanzi, futhi njengezitolo ezinkulu, zinqamula phezulu, zifaka amakhanda nezintamo zazo ngaphansi kwamanzi ukudalula izimpande, amahlumela nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ama-Whooper swans adla ama-invertebrates kanye nezimila zasemanzini. Imisipha yabo emide ibanikeza umphetho phezu kwamadada amade, ngoba ayakwazi ukondla emanzini ajulile kunama-goose noma amadada. Lezi swans zingondla emanzini afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2 ngokujula izitshalo ngezitshalo nokususa izihlahla neziqu zezitshalo ezikhula ngaphansi kwamanzi. AmaSwans athola nokudla ngokuqoqa izinto zezitshalo ezivela ebusweni bamanzi noma emaphethelweni amanzi. Emhlabeni, adla okusanhlamvu notshani. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1900s, ukuziphatha kwabo ebusika kuguqukile futhi manje kufaka okunye ukondliwa komhlaba.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Whooper Swan
Isikhathi se-swan nesting sinikezelwe ukusetshenziswa kokudla okutholakala kalula. I-Nesting ivame ukwenzeka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi. Zihlalisa ezindaweni ezinokudla okwanele, okungaxutshwe namanzi angahlanzekile. Imvamisa izidleke ezimbili echibini elilodwa. Lezi zindawo ezidlekayo zisukela kumakhilomitha angama-24,000 kuya ku-607,000 km² futhi zihlala zitholakala eduze kwalapho kuboshelwe khona insikazi.
Owesifazane ukhetha isidleke, futhi owesilisa uyasivikela. Ababili be-Swan kungenzeka babuyela esidlekeni esifanayo uma esikhathini esidlule bebekwazi ukukhulisa ngempumelelo amazinyane lapho. Abashadikazi bazokwakha isidleke esisha noma balungise isidleke abasisebenzisa eminyakeni edlule.
Izindawo ezingama-Nesting zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezungezwe amanzi, ngokwesibonelo:
- ngaphezulu kwezindlu zakudala ezithwala inyama, amadamu noma imishayo,
- ezitshalweni ezikhulayo, ezibhukuda noma ezibekwe phansi kwamanzi,
- eziqhingini ezincane.
Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuqala maphakathi no-Ephreli, futhi ukuqedwa kwawo kungathatha amasonto amabili. Owesilisa uqoqa uhlaza lwasemanzini, amakhambi kanye ne-sedges bese edlulisela kowesifazane. Okokuqala, ubeka impahla yesitshalo phezulu, abese esebenzisa umzimba wakhe ukwakha udangala futhi abeke amaqanda.
Isidleke empeleni siyisitya esikhulu esivulekile. Ingaphakathi lesidleke limbozwe phansi, izimpaphe kanye nodaba lwesitshalo oluthambile endaweni yalo. Izinzwa zingafinyelela kububanzi bamamitha ayi-1 kuya kwayi-3,5 futhi zivame ukuzungezwa ngumsele wamamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-9. Le moat ivame ukugcotshwa ngamanzi ukwenza kube nzima ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zifinyelele esidlekeni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Whooper Swan Chicks
Ama-Whooper swans azalela emanzini amachibi, amachibi, amachibi kanye nemifula ehamba kancane. Ama-swans amaningi athola abalingani bawo abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 - imvamisa ngesikhathi sebusika. Ngaphandle kokuthi ezinye zazo zingahlala okokuqala ngqa eneminyaka emibili, iningi lazo aziqali zize zibe neminyaka emithathu kuya kwengu-7.
Lapho befika endaweni yokuzalanisa, lo mbhangqwana ungena ekuziphatheni kokuhlanganisa, okubandakanya ukunikina ikhanda nokushayisana ngamaphiko aqhaqhazelayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-maleoper swan ngababili ahlala impilo yonke, futhi ahlala ndawonye unyaka wonke, kufaka phakathi ukuhamba ndawonye ezindaweni ezifudukayo. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaqapheleka ukuthi abanye babo bashintsha abalingani empilweni yabo yonke, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kobudlelwano obuhlulekile, kanti abanye abalahlekelwe ngabalingani babo abasashadi.
Uma owesilisa exhuma nenye intokazi, uvame ukuya kuye endaweni yakhe. Uma exhuma nentokazi endala, izoya kuye. Uma insikazi ilahlekelwa umngane wayo womshado, imvamisa ixhumeka ngokushesha, ikhethe owesilisa osemncane.
Imibhangqwana exhunyiwe ivame ukuhlala ndawonye unyaka wonke, noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, inomphakathi omnandi kakhulu futhi imvamisa ihlangana nezinye eziningi zokubhukuda. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, imibhangqwana izovikela ngolaka izindawo zayo.
Ukubekwa kwamaqanda kuvame ukwenziwa ukusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isidleke siqedwe. Insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa njalo ngosuku. Imvamisa kuma-clutch ama-5-6 amaqanda amhlophe akhilimu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhathi kwatholakala ukuthi kufinyelela kwabangu-12. Uma lokhu kungukubekwa kokuqala kowesifazane, cishe kuzoba namaqanda ambalwa, futhi ngaphezulu kwalawa maqanda kungahle kube nokuzala. Iqanda linobubanzi obungu-73 mm nobude obuyi-113,5 mm, linesisindo esingama-320 g.
Ngokushesha lapho sekuqediwe ukubeka, insikazi iqala ukufukamela amaqanda, ethatha izinsuku ezingama-31. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uhlala eduzane nendawo yezidleke futhi avikele owesifazana kwizinyamazane. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, owesilisa angasiza ekuhlanganiseni kwamaqanda.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, insikazi ishiya isidleke kuphela isikhathi esifushane ukuze idle imifino eseduze, ukubhukuda noma ukunya. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokushiya isidleke, uyoboza amaqanda ngendwangu yokwakha isidleke ukuze uwafihle. Owesilisa naye uzohlala eduzane ukuvikela isidleke.
Izitha Zemvelo zika-Whooper Swan
Umsebenzi wesintu usongela ama -ansoper swans.
Imisebenzi enjalo ifaka phakathi:
- ukuzingela,
- ukucekelwa phansi kwesidleke
- ukuzingela,
- ukulahleka kwendawo nokonakaliswa komhlaba, okubandakanya ukubuyiselwa kwamaxhaphozi angamakhaza nezasogwini, ikakhulukazi e-Asia.
Ukusongelwa kwendawo yokuhlala ye-whooper kufaka phakathi:
- ukunwetshwa kwezolimo,
- ukugcoba ngokweqile (isb. izimvu),
- ukuchitheka kwamaxhaphozi wokunisela,
- ukugawula imifino yokondla imfuyo ebusika,
- ukuthuthukiswa komgwaqo kanye nokungcoliswa kawoyela kusuka ekuhlolweni kwamafutha,
- ukusebenza nokuhamba,
- ukukhathazeka kusuka kwezokuvakasha.
Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwe-illegal kusenzeka namanje, futhi ukushayisana okunentambo kagesi kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yokufa kwe-whooper swans ubusika enyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu. Ubuthi bokuhola obuhambisana nokugwinya ukudubula komthofu ngesikhathi sokudoba kuhlale kuyinkinga, ingxenye enkulu yabantu abahlolisisiwe abanamazinga aphezulu omthofu egazini. Inhlobo le yaziwa ukuthi ingenwe ngumkhuhlane wezinkukhu, nayo eyalimaza izinyoni.
Ngakho-ke, izinsongo ezikhona njengamanje ezingubeni ezisebenzayo ziyahlukahluka ngezindawo, nezimbangela zokucekelwa phansi nokulahleka kwendawo, kufaka phakathi ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezisogwini nasezindaweni zezinhlelo zokwandisa amapulazi, ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo ezisebenza ngogesi, kanye nokukhathazeka kwezokuvakasha nokuchitheka kawoyela.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Whooper Swan Kubukeka Kanjani
Izibalo zithi inani lomhlaba wonke we-whoper swans liyizinyoni ezingama-180,000, kanti inani labantu baseRussia balinganiselwa ku-10,000-100,000 ngababili abesilisa nabazungeza ubusika abangaba ngu-1 000 000 000. Inani labantu baseYurophu balinganiselwa kuma-25 300-32 800 ngazimbili, elihambisana nabantu abangama-50 600-65 500 abantu abavuthiwe. Ngokuvamile, ama -ansoper swans njengamanje ahlukaniswa kwi-Red Book njengalawo asengozini encane kakhulu. Inani lalezi zinhlobo libonakala lizinzile njengamanje, kodwa ububanzi balo bubenza kube nzima ukulinganisa.
I-Whooper Swan ikhombisile ukwanda okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu nokwanda kwebanga eNyakatho Yurophu emashumini eminyaka adlule.Ukuzalelwa kokuqala kwabikwa ngonyaka ka-1999, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2003, kwabikwa ukuthi zizalaniswa ngohlobo olwesibili ngozalo. Kusukela ngo-2006, inani lezindawo zokuzalela lenyuka ngokushesha, futhi kumanje kubikwa ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zizalela ezindaweni ezingama-20. Kodwa-ke, okungenani amasayithi ayisikhombisa alahliwe ngemuva kokuzalelwa unyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu, okuholele ekunciphiseni kwesikhashana kwesilinganiso sabantu ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa.
Ukunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwesibalo se-whooper swan kungahle kuholele ekuncintiswaneni okwandayo namanye amaswidi, kepha ziningi ezinye izindawo ezingaba khona zokuzalela ngaphandle kokubakhona koswazi. Ama -ansoper swans abamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthonyweni kwezakhi zomphakathi wezitshalo ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-biomass elahlekile lapho edla kuma-macrophyte awo afakwe ngaphansi, i-fennel, ekhuthaza ukukhula kwamachibi emazingeni aphakathi nendawo.
I-Whooper Swan
Photo: Whooper Swan ovela Red Book
Ukuvikelwa okungokomthetho kwama-whooper swans kusuka ekuzingeleni kwaqalwa amazwe angatholakala (ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1885 e-Iceland, ngo-1925 eJapan, ngo-1927 eSweden, ngo-1954 e-UK, ngonyaka we-1964 e-Russia).
Izinga umthetho osetshenziswa ngalo uhlala lihluka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude. Izinhlobo zivikelekile futhi ngokuhambisana nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, njenge-European Community bird Directive (izinhlobo zesithasiselo 1) kanye neBerne Convention (izinhlobo zeSithasiselo II). Izakhamizi zase-Iceland, uLwandle Olumnyama kanye neNtshonalanga Asia nazo zifakiwe esigabeni A (2) Esivumelwaneni Sokulondolozwa Kwezilwane Zase-Afrika NezaseYurophu (AEWA), ezothuthukiswa ngokuya nge-Convention on Migratory Species.
Izenzo zamanje zokuvikela ama-whooper swans imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- iningi lezindawo ezisemqoka zalolu hlobo luchazwa njengezindawo ezinentshisekelo yesayensi ekhethekile nezindawo zokuvikela ezikhethekile,
- Uhlelo Lokulawulwa Kwasemakhaya loMnyango Wezolimo kanye Nezokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya kanye noHlelo Lwezindawo Ezibucayi Kwemvelo lubandakanya izindlela zokuvikela nokwenza ngcono indawo yokuhlala kwama-whoper swans,
- ukuqashwa kwaminyaka yonke kwezindawo ezibalulekile ngokwesikimu seWetland bird Survey,
- ukubalwa kwabantu njalo kwabantu.
I-Whooper Swan - i-swan enkulu emhlophe, umlomo wayo omnyama inendawo enhle enxantathu yombala ophuzi. Ziyizilwane ezimangazayo, zishada kanye kanye, futhi amaphuphu azo zihlala nazo ebusika bonke. Ama-Whooper swans azalela eNyakatho Yurophu nase-Asia bese athuthela e-UK, e-Ireland, eSouth Europe nase-Asia ebusika.
Izici
I-Whooper swan isabalele ukusuka eNyakatho Yurophu (eSweden, eScotland-Norway) kuya eCentral (Russia, Mongolia) nase-East Asia (Japan). Lolu hlobo lungezezinyoni ezifudukayo - maphakathi no-Septhemba, izinyoni zindizela ogwini olusenyakatho neMedithera nolwandle iCaspian, kuya eNdiya, China. Izinyoni zibuyela ezweni lakubo engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo, uma ebusuku izinga lokushisa lingabe lisawela ngaphansi kuka-zero.
Umhlambi we-Whooper Migratory Swans
Izinyoni zenza izindiza nobusuku nobusuku, ziye ezansi ukuze ziphumule ezindaweni zokugcina. Fly ngemihlambi emincane yabantu abayi-10-15 ku-wedge. Ngenxa yokwakheka okhethekile kwezimpaphe, ziyakwazi ukukhuphukela esibhakabhakeni kuze kufike kumakhilomitha ayi-8.
Imikhuba yezilwane
Igama elithi Klikun likhipha umsindo omkhulu, njengecilongo, elendiza. Kunjengokungathi udumisa omakhelwane nge-wedge ukuze angalahleki. Lapho inyoni esindayo ihamba, kubalulekile ukusunduza emanzini amahlandla amaningi ngezidladla zayo - gijimani, ngenkathi indiza amaphiko ayo.
Ama-Swans athathwa njengezolile, kwesinye isikhathi nezilwane ezihamba kancane. Kepha, uma kungazelelwe ufuna ukubamba inyoni, awukwazi ukukwenza ngisho esikebheni. Kepha emhlabeni, onamaphiko awukwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esinjalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho hamba lapho kuyaqabukela futhi unganqikazi.
UWhoper ukhetha ukuhlala ngababili nokupakisha amaphakethe kuphela isikhathi sendiza. Inyoni idala eyodwa impilo yayo yonke. Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kokushona kwe-whooper endala, angathola nomlingani omusha naye azophinde abe nobudlelwano obude naye futhi obuqinile.
Abantu ongabazi abanobungane banobutha - baphazamisa izidleke endaweni yabo, balwe, baxoshe. Ngakho-ke, uKlikun uhlangana kabi nenye inyoni - kungcono ukunciphisa imikhawulo yabo.
Inhloso yasekuseni ezweni ukuhlobisa. Ukugcina lezi zinyoni manje sekuyimfashini futhi muhle. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ezitshalwa ngezinjongo zokuhweba:
- fluff ekukhiqizeni kwelineni yombhede,
- izimpaphe nezikhumba zisetshenziswa embonini yezindwangu,
- fatten for kuhlatshwa.
Kodwa-ke, ukuzalanisa izingulule ngezinhloso zezomnotho akusebenzi njengokukhulisa amadada noma amahansi afanayo. Kungcono zivume izinyoni ezinhle eziqhoshayo.
Njengoba i-whooper ingeyama-waterfowl, ukuba khona kwedamu kubhekwa njengemfuneko yokuzalelwa kwalo. Kuhle uma unechibi, ichibi noma umfula oseduze onamapayipi amanzi aphansi komhlanga namanzi apholile.
Ukuntuleka kwedamu kungakhokhelwa ngokwakhiwa kwechibi lokufakelwa esizeni.
Ukudalwa kwesichibi sokufakelwa
Isinyathelo 1. Khetha indawo enelanga elangeni, engenazo izihlahla nomthunzi okungenani amahora ayi-5 ngosuku.
Isibonelo sendawo yokwakha indawo yokugcina
Isinyathelo 2 Nquma ngesimo nangosayizi wedamu. Khetha imingcele ekunambithekeni kwakho, kepha khumbula ukuthi kufanele kube nesikhala esanele sokubhukuda ngokukhululeka kwenyoni enkulu.
Lapho likhulu ichibi elihlongozwayo, liba ngcono kosasa
Isinyathelo 3 Okokuqala gaya umngcele wamachibi ngamafomu owakhethayo.
Kuyadingeka ukumba i-moat - umngcele wedamu lokufakelwa
Isinyathelo 4 Qala ukumba umgodi oyisisekelo wokujula okudingekayo.
Umgodi wokumba umgodi echibini elizayo
Isinyathelo 5. Mboza phansi ngefilimu ekhethekile engangenisi manzi.
Isizinda esilungele ichibi
Isinyathelo 6 Hlobisa phansi nemiphetho echibini ekunambithekeni kwakho.
Isibonelo Sokwakhiwa Kwesiziba Sokubumba
Isinyathelo 7 Susa futhi ufihle ifilimu ngokweqile.
Isinyathelo 8 Emanzini noma ogwini kuyadingeka ukufaka amabhuloho, amashalofu amancane noma izindlu - kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ziphuma emanzini zifihle kuzo ngenxa yokushisa, ngokwesibonelo.
Isibonelo sokuhlela indawo yokuhamba kosansans
Ichibi ingenye yezindawo ezibalulekile zokubhukuda kwemini, ithuba lokuhamba nokubhukuda. Eduze kwechibi ungafaka indawo ebanzi enezikhala zokuhamba futhi ukundiza amabanga amafushane. Ngaseceleni komngcele, beka izitaki nama-wigwams angena emhlanga, aqondise indawo esogwini.
Ukuthena kwamaphiko
Ama-Whoopers ayizilwane ezinothando lwenkululeko-ethanda inkululeko, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi adinga ukukhululwa ukuze andize endle. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bazoshiya isiza sakho sokuzalela kwenye indawo. Kepha ezimeni eziningi, izinyoni ekuqaleni zakhulela ekudingisweni, zijwayele ukunakekelwa ngabantu, zibuyela emuva. Uma ukhathazekile ngalokhu, sika iphaphosi lokuqala lephiko ezilwaneni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa selizelwe. Inqubo yenziwa ngesikhupha esishisayo se-disinfected, kanti ukusikwa kuyaphathwa nge-iodine.
Isikimu sokusebenza ukuze unciphise iphiko lenyoni
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi kokuqukethwe kwehlobo kwama-whoopers - izinyoni cishe ngokuzimela zikhetha isikhathi sokuhamba, ukubhukuda nokulala echibini lakho, ngezikhathi ezithile zihambahamba ngokuzungeza nokuphumula ezindlini.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi endle, izinyoni zindizela eningizimu, ezinye zazo zihlala zisebusika. Lokhu kukhombisa ukumelana kwabo nesithwathwa - Ama-Whoopers angakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-30 degrees ngaphansi kwe-zero. Izibonelo zomuntu ngamunye zihlala zisemanzini, noma ngabe zibanda.
Kodwa-ke, kubusika obunzima nokugwema i-frostbite, udinga ukwakha indlu ngamapharamitha acishe abe yilokhu:
- ukugcina ukushisa okushisa akudingekile, kepha kufanele kube ngaphezulu kunokuba semgwaqweni futhi njalo,
- igumbi kufanele lingene lomoya ukuze kugwemeke ukungcoliseka komoya kanye nomswakama. Ngasikhathi sinye, okusalungiswa okuholela kumakhaza akufanele kuvunyelwe,
- ukuba khona kwama-windows - endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50-100,
- yenza phansi ngokhuni bese uyimboza nge-hay (litter ungqimba - kuze kufike amasentimitha ayi-10), okumele iguqulwe ngezikhathi ezithile lapho iba ngcolile.
Igumbi kufanele libe banzi ukuze izikebhe zizizwe zikhululekile. Okungenani imitha eyi-sikwele umuntu ngamunye. Ungahlukanisa futhi le ndawo izigaba, lapho kuzohlala khona isilwane esisodwa noma ukukhula komuntu omncane. Esakhiweni esifanayo, izinyoni zingaqhutshwa ebusuku nasehlobo.
Amanani wokondla
Endle, isisekelo sokudla kwe-swan nsuku zonke kungukudla kwezitshalo, cishe i-20% yabelwa imikhiqizo yezilwane (ama-invertebrates amancane, izibungu, izinambuzane). Kufanele kulandelwe umgomo ofanayo ekhaya, engeza cishe ama-10% okusanhlamvu ngosuku.
Ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwe-swan eyodwa yabantu abadala, izinto ezizuzisayo kumele zibe khona.
Igama | Isisindo ngamamayela |
---|---|
I-potassium iodide | 8 |
I-Cobalt chloride | 10 |
I-chlor chloride | 30 |
I-Manganese Sulfate | 100 |
Isigaxa se-Copper | 10 |
I-iron sulfate | 100 |
I-Carotene (amayunithi) | 10000 |
Thiamine | 2 |
Riboflavin | 4 |
Niacin | 20 |
I-Pyridoxine | 4 |
I-nicotinic acid | 20 |
I-Cyanocobalamin (micrograms) | 12 |
I-Folic acid | 1,5 |
Vitamin C | 50 |
I-Cholecalciferol (amayunithi) | 1500 |
Tocopherol | 10 |
Cishe zonke lezi zinto zitholakala amabele, ukolweni, uphizi namazambane. Izaqathe zicebile ku-carotene, futhi u-anyanisi ucebile ngama-sulfate. Imenyu eyisampula yosuku ibukeka kanjena:
- ekuseni kakhulu - ama-forbs, okusanhlamvu, izitshalo ezicijwe kabusha, ezikhukhulwe ngamanzi amaningi,
- isidlo sasemini (futhi usuku lonke) - ukuhamba endaweni ecwazimulayo echibini lokudla utshani ngenani elikhululekile, okuphakelayo okumanzi,
- ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga - ukuphinda ukudla kwasekuseni.
Ngokuya kuleli tafula futhi ngokusekelwe kwisibonelo, ungakha ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo nawe.
Ukushicilela kuchaza izici zokudla okunempilo okwenziwe ngamawashi ebusika nasehlobo, emhlabeni nasemanzini, futhi kuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokuphakelwa okwenziwe ekhaya.
Isikhathi sehlobo
Unamaphiko wentokozo udla utshani obusikwe kahle, isimo esihle sokuphakela okuhlanganisiwe. Kungcono ukupheka ukudla okuhlanganisiwe - ukuze ungagcini nje ngokusindisa, kepha futhi uqiniseke ngokwakhiwa kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo (okubalwe etafuleni).
Igama | Inani ngamagremu |
---|---|
Ubhontshisi obilisiwe | 70 |
Amafutha anamafutha | 80 |
Izihlobo | 30 |
Ukolweni bran | 25 |
Millet | 100 |
Imiliga ebilisiwe | 25 |
Ibhali enezinhlamvu | 40 |
Isinkwa esimhlophe | 150 |
Isinkwa esimnyama | 70 |
Beet | 20 |
Isaqathe | 150 |
Amazambane abilisiwe | 70 |
U-anyanini | 10 |
Iklabishi | 50 |
Inyama ekhethiwe | 30 |
Izinhlanzi ezinamahloni | 70 |
Imikhiqizo emikhulu idinga ukugawulwa noma ukusikwa. Hlanganisa zonke izithako endishini eyodwa enkulu. Gcwalisa ngamanzi ukuze ingxube ithola iphalishi noma ukhilimu ukuvumelana.
Ukudla okulinganiselwa nsuku zonke kwezinyoni ehlobo kungachazwa njengokulandelayo:
- izingcezu ezincane zezinkwa, okusanhlamvu - amagremu angama-250,
Imvelaphi yegama
Babiza i-swan ngokuthi ngubani ophethe ozakwabo abahlukile futhi abanesimilo esihle kakhulu, kuzwakala ukukhala kwecilongo. Imvamisa, izinyoni zizwa izwi entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ngesikhathi sezindiza, nalapho kwenzeka ingozi. Imisindo ihlukaniswa ngevolumu yayo, ubude besikhathi nokubukeka kwayo. Ukuxhumana nezinsana, izinyoni zikhetha ukuqhafaza buthule, uma kungacasulwa zenza umsindo ofana nowezinyoka ezinkulu, futhi ezimweni ezijwayelekile zenza “izinkinobho” eziningi, kwesinye isikhathi ezwakala ngamakhilomitha amaningi.
Unogada weSwan
Ama-Whoopers angamalunga ezinhlobo ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile futhi abhalwe ku-International Red Book yamazwe amaningi. Isibalo salezi zinhlobo siyanda njalo ngenxa yentuthuko yabantu yezindawo izinhlanzi ezinama-whoper, futhi ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwamanzi asogwini.
Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izifunda zezwe lethu, bekungengenzeka ukubuyisela kuphela ngokugcwele, kodwa futhi nokwandisa inani lale nyoni enhle.
Ngakho-ke ngonyaka we-2007, i-whooper yafakwa ngaphandle kwi-Red Book of Karelia - umsebenzi wokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo wawungaphezu kokuphumelela. Kepha ukuzingela ama-whoopers kungaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuqinile namuhla. Ikakhulu abantu abaningi abasensimini yeRiphabhulikhi yaseKarelian bayaphawulwa ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe kanye neLake Onega. Kwezinye izifunda, isimo sidabukisa kakhudlwana. E-Perm Territory, kunezindawo ezimbalwa kuphela lapho izidleke zakwamanye amazwe zidla khona. Futhi eminyakeni yamuva, ngababili kuphela bezinyoni abaye babuyela endaweni yezidleke. Bangama-300 ngazimbili ngonyaka esidlekeni e-Altai Territory, yize ngaphambili inani labantu ababuyela ezindaweni zabo ezidlekayo lalingaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
Umehluko ovela kwezinye izidalwa
Imvamisa imvamisa ididaniswa nezihlobo ezisondelene - amantshontsho amancane nezikhulu eziyisimungulu. Ukuchazwa kwezinyoni kufana kakhulu, kepha kunokwehluka okuningi. Isigaxa se-whoper sihluke kwisidenge esisimungulu ngokungabikho kwesigaxa esibonakala kahle esisekelweni somlomo, kanye nentamo eqondile. Ungahlukanise futhi ngokusuka kusiyizimungulu ngumsila omfushane, onamaphiko aqonde, acindezelwe ngokuqinile emzimbeni. Amasayizi amakhulu ahlukanisa kusuka ku-whooper swan. Umbala we-beak ku-whooper ikakhulukazi uphuzi, hhayi omnyama.
Uphawu lukazwelonke lombuso
Uma abantu abaningi bazi ngokuthembeka kwe-swan, khona-ke akuyena wonke umuntu ozophendula lo mbuzo: yiluphi uphawu lwezwe oluyiliphi izwe? Le nyoni ithatha isikhundla esihlonishwayo esifundazweni sethu esingumakhelwane - iFinland. Kulapho i-whooper ingagcini nje kuphela uphawu lwesizwe - kuleli lizwe kuyinkolo yangempela yale nyoni emhlophe qhwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inani lezinyoni lihlala likhula, ukuzingela zona kungaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuqinile. Igama elithi Jousten (elihunyushwe - swan) ezweni libizwa ngokuthi yizinkampani eziningi, futhi isibonakaliso esiveza le nyoni siyisibonakaliso sekhwalithi nemikhiqizo eyenziwe kuphela ngezinto ezenziwe ngemvelo zaseFinland ezinobungane. Ngisho nohlamvu lwemali lwe-euro eyodwa eFinland lukhombisa ama-whoopers. Ezindaweni eziningi zezwe, iholide ligubha njalo entwasahlobo - ukubuya kwezinyoni ezidlekeni zazo.
Isithombe se-swan ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni
E-Russia, i-whooper nayo iwubuhlobo obukhethekile. Ngakho-ke kuma-Yakuts, ama-swans angawezilwane ze-totem, futhi abantu be-Ainu banenkolelo yokuthi abantu bavela kubalingani be-whoopers. Umfanekiso we-whoper emhlophe qhwa ungalandelelwa ngezinganekwane eziningi. Kwezinye, izinyoni zisenkonzweni yezinhlamvu ezingezinhle, kwezinye zifanekisela amandla okulunga. Ezinganekwaneni zomshado, isithombe se-swan sihlala sihlotshaniswa nothando nokuthembeka. Ngaleso sizathu imishado kanye nabantu abasanda kushada abavunyelwe ukudla izingulube ezosiwe.
Izinyoni ezinhle ezimhlophe namaGrikhi asendulo azinakwa. IMilky Way eGrisi yasendulo yabizwa ngokuthi umgwaqo iSwan. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwentwasahlobo, indlela yokundiza yomhlambi we-swan ihlangana ngokuphelele nendawo ekule ndawo yesibhakabhaka iMilky Way. AmaGreek futhi anikeza igama elithi Swan komunye weenkanyezi zeNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ukuhleleka kwezinkanyezi kufana nokwakheka kwenyosi ezindizayo.