I-Blue shark iyisilwane esivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Indawo yokuhlala yayo ihlanganisa cishe wonke umhlaba wolwandle. Lokhu akwenzeki kuphela olwandle olubandayo lwe-Arctic naseSouth Pole. Inhlanzi igcinwa ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi, ingehli ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-350. Ukujula okukhulu kwendawo kuyinto ebonakala njengoshaka abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezilwandle ezifudumele, zingasondela ogwini.
Ushaka unesimo esibukeka njenge- "classic", ngakho-ke akuvame ukudidaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Amaphiko we-pectoral athuthukiswe kahle futhi afinyelela ubude obukhulu. I-Dorsal fin iguqulwe eduze nomsila. Ikhula ibe ngu-4 m ubude. Isisindo esijwayelekile somuntu omdala singama-130-180 kg. Isisindo esirekhodiwe esikhulu sasingu-391 kg. Isibalo sikhombe futhi siphakeme ngokuqinile.
Ukudla okubaluleke kakhulu koshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ama-squid nenhlanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi idla ngezihlobo zayo ezincane, ama-octopus, ama-crustaceans. Akuyideleli i-carrion - inyama ye-whale namafutha atholakale esiswini sabanye oshaka ababanjiwe. Ushaka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uvame ukuthwala izidumbu, ikakhulukazi ama-tapeworms. Bangenwa yileli gciwane lapho bedla umgcini ophakathi nendawo, njengezinhlanzi ze-Opa noma inhlanzi ye-lancet. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo shark awondli nge-tuna, yize ezinye izinhlobo zizama ukungakuphutheli.
Ushaka ophuzi oluluhlaza awunazitha zemvelo. Ukuphela komthombo wenkinga ngumuntu, noma engenzi noma yikuphi ukubanjiswa okunenhloso, noma kunjalo enza umonakalo omkhulu enanini lezilwane. Kukhona izibalo minyaka yonke eziqothula oshaka abayizigidi eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-20 ezibanjwa njengokubanjiswa lapho kudotshwa izinhlanzi eziziwayo - ama-tuna noma ama-swordfish. Inyama yoshaka ayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-gourmet, ama-fins asetshenziswa kakhulu, asetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho.
Kwakunemizamo yokugcina ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uthunjwe ezindaweni zasemanzini, kodwa akuphumelelanga. Iningi lezinhlanzi lafa kungakapheli nenyanga. Ukuqoshwa kwempilo yokuthunjwa kwaqoshwa e-United States, lapho lo shark eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala khona izinyanga eziyi-7 ngonyaka ka-2008 e-New Jersey aquarium.
Isigameko esijabulisayo senzeke e-World World Aquarium eSan Diego. Oshaka abahlaza okwesibhakabhaka noshaka bezinhlamvu batshalwe e-aquarium eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkabi zidliwe oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Blue shark - incazelo nezithombe
Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unomzimba omncane, ngisho nomzimba "omncane" onamaphini we-pectoral. Amehlo koshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayindilinga futhi makhulu, avikelwe ngekhulu lesithathu, okuwukuthi, ulwelwesi olucwebezelayo. Amabili amabhulukwe ama-gill slits akhiwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unesisu esimhlophe, izinhlangothi nangasemuva okungaphezulu kokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isisindo esikhulu soshaka omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka cishe amakhilogremu angama-400, futhi ubude bufika cishe kumamitha angama-4. Amazinyo aphansi ahlukile kulawo angenhla, angunxantathu, ngaphandle kwamazinyo akamuva futhi anomumo ofihliwe. Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyakwazi ukubamba nokuklebhula inyamazane etyibilikayo. Amazinyo aphansi enhlanzi abamba isisulu, kanti angaphezulu adabula izicucu.
Uhlala kuphi lo shaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)?
Phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous, indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yabasakazi abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le shark ihlala emanzini ashisayo nawomvula. Oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bavamile olwandle lwawo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ulwandlekazi lwePacific lunenombolo enkulu kunazo zonke zalezi zinhlanzi, kepha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesizini. Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungasondela ogwini, lapho ababukeli bebukela khona. Emanzini ashisayo, oshaka bahlala ekujuleni okukhulu.
Bajikeleza njalo ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic futhi banikeze inzalo emigudwini eyindilinga.
Badlani oshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)?
Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe namahlosi bangahlasela abantu abancane balolu hlobo. Oshaka abaluhlaza ngokwabo badla izidumbu zezilwane ezincelisayo, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezinjengamabhongo, ama-octopus, ama-squid nezinyoni zasolwandle. Kunamacala aziwayo wokuhlaselwa kwabantu. Oshaka abaluhlaza bangahambisana nemikhumbi ngethemba lokudla.
Ukuzalela ushaka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kwabesilisa, isikhumba sinciphile amahlandla amathathu kunabesifazane. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuganana ngaphambi kokuzalela, owesilisa uluma umlingani wakhe ngemuva, eshiya izibazi. Ukuthola amahlandla amangaki owesifazane abe nemidlalo yokuzalelisa, mane ubala izibazi zakhe. Abesilisa bafika eminyakeni yobudala emi-4 kuya kweyi-5, abesifazane kamuva baneminyaka emi-5 kuye kweli-6. Kusuka kuzingane ezi-4 kuya kwezingu-135. Oshaka bazalwa kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-40 ubude.
Ngingayidla inyama yoshaka?
Cishe abayizigidi ezingamashumi amabili oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bafa minyaka yonke ngamanetha okudoba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le nhlanzi ayithandwa kakhulu njengokudla, inyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Inyama yenhlanzi iyathengiswa emakethe ngaphansi kwamagama anjenge- “sea eel”, “grey fish” noma “salmon stone.” Kusetshenziswa ama-shark kumasobho, amavithamini enziwa ngo-oyela wesibindi, kuthi isidlo sezinhlanzi senziwe oshaka.
Ushaka olude olunamaphiko
Shark olwandle olunamaphiko amade noma nje ushaka omude onamaphiko - Inhlanzi ehamba kancane kodwa enolaka kakhulu, ukuduma kwezulu konke okwaphukelwa ngumkhumbi. Kwatholakala ukuthi lo shark uhlasela umkhumbi owaphuke kaningi ukwedlula bonke abanye oshaka abahlangene. Kwenzeka oLwandle Olubomvu.
Ngabe uhlala kuphi ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Uhla lwalesi sihlava esivamile se-pelagic sigcina iningi lezilwandle, kufaka indawo yendawo kanye nezilwandle ezibandayo ezibandayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka awusona isithandwa samanzi afudumele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezishisayo, kuvame ukugcina ukujula okuthile, noma kunjalo, ngokuvamile akwehli ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-150.
Amacala aphindwayo wokubanjwa koshaka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aqoshwa emazingeni okushisa angama-10-15 degrees. Izimo ezifanayo zingavela ekujuleni okuphakathi nendawo eshisayo nasezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zolwandle zasenyakatho ezifudumele ehlobo.
Bukela ividiyo - I-Blue Shark:
Babukeka kanjani oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Ukuvela koshaka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyahambisana negama lawo. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi ezilimini eziningi (kufaka phakathi isiNgisi) igama elifanayo lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ngokwemvelo, asikhulumi ngama-shades amaningi manje).
Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhunyushelwa imibhalo yakwamanye amazwe esiRussia, lesi simangalo sathola ngokwemvelo amagama amabili ahlukile (futhi asevele asungulwe kahle): aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngemuva kwoshaka kudwetshwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogqamile, eduze kwe-ultramarine noma i-indigo. Izinhlangothi zihamba ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zilula, futhi isisu, njengenjwayelo, sikhanya ngocishe kube mhlophe ngokuphelele.
Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unomzimba omude futhi omfishane obunjiweyo obomvana. Ngokweminye imibiko, amasampuli afinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ngosayizi abanjwa. Kodwa-ke, irekhodi elirekhodiwe langempela liphansi kakhulu - amamitha angu-3,8.
Ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu, lolu hlobo luphawulwa "ngokuvumelana" okukhulu kakhulu kunenye i-selahii enkulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isisindo soshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sincane kakhulu, imvamisa asidluli kuma-150-200 kg (futhi abantu ababanjwa kaningi bakhanya kakhulu - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu alikhulu). Amarekhodi athembekile athembekile angaba ngu-230 kg.
Kunemininingwane mayelana noshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okusolwa ukuthi inesisindo esingu-391 kg.
Ngasemuva kukhona amaphiko amabili ahlukaniseka ngokusobala. Ingaphambili likhulu ngokwanele futhi linesimo esijwayelekile “soshaka” esibonakalayo. Elesibili lincane futhi lisondele kakhulu emsileni.
Umsila ungabonakali, ingxenye yawo engenhla yinde kakhulu futhi ikhombisa emuva kakhulu emuva. Amaphini amabili we-pectoral mide futhi agobile kancane, abunjiwe ngesikena.
Ukuhlafunwa kwesilwane esidla izimbotshana kukade futhi kuncane njengomzimba wonke. Ngokuvamile, abaningi baphawula ukuthi ushaka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngenxa yesimo saso se-torpedo enhle futhi emnyama nombala okhanyayo we-ultramarine, ungomunye wabamele abahle kakhulu kulo lonke iqembu elikhulu loshaka.
Uyingozi kangakanani ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubantu?
Umbuzo wobungozi babahlaseli kubantu awukaxazululwa ngokuphelele. Imithombo eminingi ifunda ukuthi oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abasohlwini lwabantu abanolaka kakhulu nabanegazi.
Noma kunjalo, izibalo zitholakala kuphela amacala ambalwa okuhlaselwa kwabantu. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bavame ukuhlala olwandle oluvulekile futhi kuyaqabukela basondele endaweni engasogwini.
Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uhlasele umuntu ohlukanisile ngesikhathi sokuhehwa:
Kuyaqapheleka lapha ukuthi zombili izihlobo nezinye izizungu, ezinosayizi ofanayo nendlela yokuphila efanayo, zivame ukuba yingozi kakhulu kubantu.
Kukhona okunye ukucatshangelwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezinkolelo zamatilosi, laba bazulazuli basolwandle bavela, kufanelekile ukuba ilungu leqembu life. Ngemuva kwalokho balandela umkhumbi ukuze bazuze ngomzimba osehliselwe emanzini. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bamane nje abanandaba nokufaka imenyu yabo yansuku zonke ngodoti womkhumbi.
Ukudla okuvame kakhulu kwalezi zilwane zasendulo ezi-pelagic izinhlanzi ezifunda esikoleni (i-mackerel, i-herring, isardine, njll) nama-cephalopods (i-cuttlefish, squid). Kodwa-ke, njengoba sesishilo, azideleli udoti.
Oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka banomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga, okwenza sikwazi ukuhogela inyamazane, futhi ikakhulukazi igazi, emabangeni amade.
Bukela ividiyo - Ushaka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka udla dolphin:
Blue shark idla izinhlanzi:
Ngokusho kwabomkhomo, lezi zilwane ezinegazi zivele ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba kuhlaselwe umkhomo futhi ngokushesha zaqala ukuklebhula izingcezu zenyama. Kodwa-ke, azinakanga imimese emikhulu esetshenziselwa ukusika isidumbu. Abazange bamiswe ngamanxeba abangelwa ukushaywa kwalezi zibhamu ezimbi.
Ukuziphatha okunjalo okunobudlova kubuye kwakholisa ababukeli ngengozi yokushaka okwesibhakabhaka kubantu. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, le ndlovukazi inemikhuba ejwayelekile ye-cannibal.
Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwamukela ukuthi konke ukubukwa okunjalo akuyona into edlula izinsolo.
Kuliqiniso, singasho ukuthi ngokuqinisekile oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka babamba iqhaza emikhosini enegazi eza ngemuva kokuphuka komkhumbi nenqwaba yezisulu. Kepha, futhi, abukho ubufakazi obuqondile kuleli cala. Ngakho-ke sinelungelo lokucabanga ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengenye yezingozi ezingaba yingozi kubantu, kepha - singakhohlwa ukuthi izibalo kulolu daba empeleni azithuli.
Ukubaluleka kokuhweba koshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kungakuhle ukuthi ubheke ukuthi indawo ye-Prionace glauca ifaka phakathi izindawo ezinabantu abaningi futhi "abaphucukile". Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezindawo eziyintandokazi lapho la oshaka bekhiqiza khona inzalo - i-Adriatic namanzi eduze nase-UK.
Kulokhu, ngokuvamile abesilisa abadala bafuduka ngokuhlukile besifazane nabakhulelwe kanye nezilwane ezincane (ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthambekela kwalaba bantu abazingelayo bokubhema i-cannibalism).
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuvela kaningi koshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindaweni "zabavakashi", akukho imilayezo mayelana nokuhlaselwa kwabo kubavakashi. Ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zakhamizi ezinhle zolwandle zingenye yezinhloso zokudoba imidlalo.
Zinoshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nenani elithile lokuhweba. Zinezinyama ezihlwabusayo impela, eziye zathandwa kakhulu kuma-cuisines aseMpumalanga Ekude.
AmaJapan enza ukudoba kwawo okukhulu kwezimboni namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bavame ukuwela kumahlosi okudoba (ngokwesibonelo, ukudoba ama-tuna).
Ngenxa yokubanjwa okukhulu, inani lalaba bantu abazingelayo lancipha kakhulu. Namuhla, kuthathwa izinyathelo zomhlaba wonke zokuzivikela. Amazwe amaningi amukele imithetho edinga ukukhishwa kwabantu abanesisindo esingaphansi kwesisindo esithile (ngokwesibonelo, amakhilogremu ayikhulu - ngaphezulu nje kwamakhilogremu angama-45).
Ngakho-ke masibe nethemba lokuthi ngokuzayo lezi zakhamizi ezinhle zolwandle azibhekene nokuqothulwa.
Indawo
Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungenzeka ukuthi unobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous: zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo emanzini afudumele nasendaweni eshisayo. Ihlala ekujuleni kusuka kumamitha ayi-0 kuye kwangama-350. Ezilwandle ezifudumele, oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka basondela ogwini, lapho ababambeleli bengabukela khona, futhi emanzini ashisayo bancamela ukuhlala ekujuleni okukhulu. Uhla lwabashaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lusuka eNorway enyakatho luye eChile eningizimu. Oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka batholakala ogwini lwawo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ukuphakama okukhulu koshaka kwalolu hlobo ku-Pacific Ocean kubhekwa phakathi kwe-20 ° kuya ku-50 ° inyakatho yendawo esenyakatho, kodwa inani lelo lingaphansi kokuguquguquka okuqinile kwesizini. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, la oshaka basatshalaliswa ngokulingene phakathi kuka-20 ° C. w. no-20 ° s. w. Bancamela ibanga lokushisa elingu-7-16 ° C, kepha bayakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angama-21 ° C nangaphezulu. Kunobufakazi bokufuduka okujwayelekile emanzini e-Atlantic, okwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphakathi kwemijikelezo ekhona. Umuntu oyedwa omakwe emanzini aseNew Zealand waphinda wathathwa ogwini lwaseChile, lapho lwangena khona ngomkhumbi, luhlanganisa ibanga elingaba yi-1200 km.
Incazelo
Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unomzimba omude omude onamaphini amade we-pectoral. Umbala womzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka phezulu, ezinhlangothini kuya kuba lula, isisu simhlophe. Oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bafinyelela kumamitha angama-3.8 ubude futhi banesisindo esingu-204 kilos. Isisindo esirekhodiwe esikhulu sasingu-391 kg. I-dorsal fin yokuqala iqala emugqeni we-caudal wama-pectoral fins. I-crest phakathi kwama-dorsal fins ayikho. Kukhona ukukhula okuncane ezansi komsila.
Amazinyo angunxantathu, afakiwe, ne-serrations, kepha ngaphandle kwamazinyo okugcina. Abangaphansi bahluke kakhulu kwabaphezulu: abanamandla amakhulu futhi abahlali begijinyiwe njalo.
Ibhayoloji
Ngokuvamile, ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka udla izinhlanzi ezinjengama-bony, igobolondo enjenge squid, i-cuttlefish ne-octopus, nama cr craceans. Ukudla kwakhe kuhlanganisa oshaka abancane, izidumbu zezilwane ezincelisayo kanye nezinye izikhathi zasolwandle. Izidumbu zemikhomo nezikhonkwane zitholwe esiswini sababambe boluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Oshaka abuluhlaza bayaziwa ukuthi badla amakhodwe abanjwe emanetheni emathaveni. Akuvamile ukuba bazingele i-tuna. Ushaka obuluhlaza obudala abunazitha zemvelo ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwabantu. Abantu abasha bangase babe yizisulu zoshaka abakhulu abanjengeshark enkulu emhlophe negwababa.
Ukuzala
Le yinhlobo ye-shiparous of oshaka lapho ukuxhumana kwe-placental kwakha khona phakathi kukamama ne-umbungu kusuka ku-yolk sac. E-udoti kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-135 izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezingamasentimitha angama-40. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9 kuya ku-12. Abesifazane bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-5-6, kanti abesilisa baneminyaka engama-4-5. Ngesikhathi sesandulela sokuzalela, owesilisa uluma insikazi, ngakho-ke ubulili babashaka bunganqunywa kalula ngokuba khona noma ukungabi khona kwezibazi emhlane. Kwabesifazane, isikhumba esingemuva sinzima amahlandla ama-3 kunabesilisa. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphakeme silinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-25.
Ukusebenzisana kwabantu
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-10 no-20, oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bafa minyaka yonke ngamanetha okudoba. Inyama yakhe isetshenziswa njengokudla, kepha ayithandwa kakhulu. Inyama yoshaka ingena emakethe yomhlaba ngesimo esisha, esomile noma esineqhwa, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphansi kwamagama athi: “fish grey”, “salmon itshe”, “sea eel”. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezisindayo (i-mercury, lead) enyameni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye kwabikwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidlo sezinhlanzi senziwa oshaka abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-fins asetshenziselwa isobho, futhi amavithamini enziwa ngamafutha esibindi. Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungumbhoshongo owamukelekile phakathi kwama-angler ezemidlalo ngobuhle bawo nangejubane lawo.
Okungaba yingozi kubantu. Uhlu lwango-2011 lwaqopha ukuhlaselwa okungu-34 kwalolu hlobo. Kulokhu, ukuhlaselwa okungu-8 okungaveziwe kuholele ekufeni kwesisulu. Ekwindla ka-2017, kwaqoshwa ukuhlaselwa komhlambi wabasakazi abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubantu abahamba ngokungemthetho ngokungemthetho ogwini lwaseLibya oLwandle iMedithera. Bangu-31 abantu abashonile kulesi sigameko.
Ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengoshaka abaningi be-pelagic, abahambelani kahle ekuthunjweni. Imizamo yokuzigcina zisezinhlanzini eziwonke eziyindilinga ezinkulu namachibi ayi-3 amamitha ajulile kukhombisile ukuthi, esimeni esihle kakhulu, izinhlanzi ziphila ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Njengabanye oshaka be-pelagic, kunzima kubo ukugwema ukushayisana nezindonga ze-aquarium nezinye izingqinamba. Kwesinye isigameko, ushaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Oceanarium wazizwa emuhle kakhulu kuze kube yilapho izinkabi ezizihlabile zayibulala. Isampula ebekwe e-aquarium eNew Jersey ngo-2008 yaphila cishe izinyanga eziyi-7 futhi yafa ngesifo esinegciwane.