Abaningi bajwayelana nama-hamsters njengezilwane ezifuywayo, izilwane ezinhle, ezihlekisayo nezomusa.

Kepha emvelweni, lezi zakhamizi ziyizilwane eziyingozi ezihluke kakhulu nangaphandle kubazalwane abathobekile. Kuzo kuphuma usongo kubantu nakubantu izitshalo ezitshalwe engadini.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Ngo-1930, babanjwa eSyria isilwane esinjenge-hamster. Intshisekelo yalesi silwane ibisuselwa ekufuneni "igundane laseSyria," izingane ezazidlala kulo e-Asiriya yasendulo. Inzalo yakhe yaba okhokho bomndeni omkhulu wanamuhla wama-hamsters.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwamagundane eCentral Asia, izifunda ezinamadolobha ase-Eastern Europe, kanye nokuhlala kabusha okuningana kuya eChina naseMelika, kwakuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane njengezinto zokwenziwa elabhoratri kanye nokufakwa ezindlini izidalwa ezingathembekile. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 zezinto zokuzisabalalisa zamagundane zohlobo oluphambili lwe-steppe hamster (ejwayelekile).

Isithombeni se-steppe hamster

Lesi yisilwane esincane esibalelwa ku-35 cm ubude, sinomzimba omnyama, inhloko enkulu entanyeni emfishane. Umsila ufinyelela ku-5 cm. Isisindo ngokwesilinganiso sifinyelela ku-600-700 gr. Izindlebe ezincane, izimpondo ezisesibayeni kanye namehlo amnyama agqamile ngesimo ubuhlalu obukhulu zakha ukubukeka okuhle kwe-fluffy bun emilenzeni emifushane eneminwe ehlome ngezihlakala ezimfushane zokumba umgodi nezimbobo.

Isilwane sivikelwe ngamazinyo abukhali futhi aqinile, avuselelwa kukho konke impilo. Ijazi loboya be-hamster liqukethe isisekelo sezinwele ne-undercoat emnyama enikela isivikelo ngisho nangezinsuku ezibandayo zokususa. Umbala wejazi uvame kakhulu ophuzi noma onsundu; ama-tricolor amabala, abantu abamnyama nabamhlophe abajwayelekile.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 ezigotshwe ngemibala enobomvu, o-orenji no grey, amabala bobunjwa obuhlukahlukene nezindawo. Indawo yokusabalalisa hamsters yezilwane banzi ngenxa yokungathobeki kwabo. Ingakwazi ukujwayela cishe yonke indawo: izindawo ezinezintaba, ama-steppes, amabhande amahlathi, izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba - emiseleni efihla izitha nesimo sezulu esibi.

Indawo yokuhlala ebalulekile ukutholakala kokuphakelayo. Izilwane zizithanda kakhulu izindawo ezinamasimu okusanhlamvu, imvamisa yazo zitholakala ngqo emhlabeni olimekayo. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane ehlukahlukene, ama-herbicides lapho kutshalwa khona umhlaba yenza izilwane ziphume emakhaya zithuthele kwezinye izindawo. Izindawo zokuhlala abantu ziheha inala yokudla, ngakho-ke izakhamizi ezihlala izingane zivame ukuvakashela imihlambi namagceke ngezindawo ezigcinwe kuzo.

Isici se-hamsters ukuchuma kwabo okumangazayo. Imisele ifinyelela osayizi obukhulu uma uyiqhathanisa nosayizi bezilwane: ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-7 ububanzi futhi ifike ku-1.5 m ngokujula. Ema-storages, isisindo sokuphakelayo okugciniwe sikhulu ngezikhathi eziphindwe ngesisindo se-hamster ephakathi nendawo.

Izikhwama ezikhethekile zesihlathi ngendlela yamafolda esikhumba anwebekayo zivumela ukuthi uzithwale ngokwandisa ivolumu kaningana ziye kumagremu angama-50 wokuphaka. Abalimi bahlushwa ukulahleka kokuphanga kwe-hamster. Kuthuthukiswe amasistimu wonke wokumelana nokuhlasela kwe-rodent. Nazo ngokwazo ziyinto yokuzingela emvelweni yezinyoni ezidla inyama nezikhova, ama-ermines nezinsimbi.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Ngokwemvelo yabo, ama-hamsters ahlala enesizungu, anolaka kuwo wonke umuntu ongena endaweni yabo. Avikela impahla yawo ngosayizi aze afike kumahektare ayi-12. Ubukhulu besitha abukhathalekile, kukhona amacala okuhlasela kwe-rodent ezinjeni ezinkulu.

Uma izinduku ezihlobene zibalekela ukuhlangana nomuntu wesilisa, ama-steppe hamsters angahlasela. Ukulunywa ama-Rodent kubuhlungu, kungangena izifo eziningi, kushiye ama-lacerations.

Ukungabi nalutho kuboniswa ngisho nakubantu babo. Abathakathayo abaduki bephila ezihlotsheni eziqinile nezinozinti, uma bebheka isitha njengenkathi yokuguga noma bamane baqaphele isivakashi esingafuneki ezitolo zabo. Umsebenzi wezilwane ubonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokuhlwa. Hamsters - izilwane zasebusuku. Emini bafihla emigodini, bathole amandla okuzingela ngokungesabi.

Izindawo ezijulile zitholakala ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-2-2. Uma inhlabathi ivumela, i-hamster izohamba ngokusemandleni emhlabeni. Igumbi lokuhlala lifakwe izinto ezintathu zokuphuma: “iminyango” emibili yokuhamba kalula, futhi okwesithathu kuholele egumbini lokuhlala elinempahla ebusika impilo yezilwane.

I-hamster isebenzisa okuphakelayo okuqoqiwe kuphela ngenkathi ebandayo yeqhwa nakusentwasahlobo yokuqala. Kwezinye izinkathi zesikhashana, ukudla kuqukethe okuphakelayo okuvela kwangaphandle. Ngaphezulu kwezimbobo kuhlala kukhona izinqwaba zomhlaba ezimbiwe, zifafazwe nge-husk kusuka okusanhlamvu. Uma i-cobweb iqoqekile emnyango, khona-ke indawo yokuhlala iyashiywa, ama-hamsters agcina izindlu zabo zihlanzekile.

Akuwona wonke ama-hamsters aqashisayo, ezinye izinhlobo ziphenduka zaba mhlophe ukuze ukuhlaselwa kwesembozo seqhwa kungabonakali. Labo abalindela isimo sezulu esibuthakathaka ekulaleni okungashisi ngezikhathi ezithile bahlala bephapheme ukuze baqinise izinqolobane zabo abazitholile. Lapho umhlaba uqala ukufudumala, ngoFebhuwari, Mashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, isikhathi sokuvuka kokugcina sifika.

Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe ekugcineni, i-hamster isalokhu idla ngokuthenga, iqoqe amandla, bese ivula iminyango nokungena komgodi. Ekuqaleni, kuphuma abesilisa ezihlahleni, kanye nezinsikazi ezimbalwa kamuva.

Ubudlelwano obunokuthula phakathi kwabo busungulwa kuphela isikhathi sokuzala, ngaphandle kwalokho bukhona ekulinganeni okulinganayo. Ikhono elimangalisayo lama-hamsters ukubhukuda kahle. Bafaka izihlakala zabo esihlathini njengejazi lempilo elibaphethe emanzini.

Ukudla kweHamster

Ukudla kwamagundane kwehlukene futhi kuncike kakhulu esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala. Izilimo zokusanhlamvu zizovama emasimini, futhi imifino nezithelo zidla eduze kokuhlala kwabantu. Kuba khona njalo kwama-hamsters ahlasela izinkukhu ezincane uma kungekho ozozivikela.

Endleleni eya ezingadini zemifino noma izingadi, izilwane ngeke zenqabe izinambuzane ezincane nezilwane ezincane. Ukudla kwezitshalo kuhamba phambili ekudleni: okusanhlamvu, amazambane, amakhowe wethanga, ama-rhizomes amakhambi ahlukahlukene nezihlahlana ezincane.

Eduze kwekhaya lomuntu Hamsters edla konke, ungumbhuli omuhle kakhulu. Abahlali bahlala bezama ukuqeda omakhelwane abanjalo. Noma yini iHamsters idla, izinto zasebusika ziqoqwa kusuka okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene kanye nembewu yezitshalo.

Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila sehamster

Ama-hamsters ngokuzala okukhulu nangokuzikhandla ngenxa yokuthi owesilisa unemindeni eminingana. Uma ehlulwa yisihlobo esiqinile engxabanweni yomshado, khona-ke uyohlala ethola omunye umuntu wesifazane ngokutholwa.

Izithombo zizalwa kaningana ngonyaka, udoti ngamunye uqukethe ama-5-15 cubs. Kubonakala sengathi kuyimpumputhe futhi kuyimpandla, ama-hamsters asevele enamazinyo, kuthi ngosuku lwesithathu embozwe nge-fluff. Ngemuva kwesonto, baqala ukubona. Kuqala bahlala esidlekeni ngaphansi kokugadwa komama.

Owesifazane anganakekela ngisho nezingane zabanye abantu. Kepha izingane, uma zingamukeli ukusungulwa, zingamchoboza. Emvelweni, izilwane azihlali isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-2-3. Ekuthunjweni ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isikhathi sokuphila izilwane ezifuywayo kukhuphukela eminyakeni engama-4-5.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amawundlu amancane, izinyanga ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala, angena ezweni lasekhaya labantu, angafani nolaka. Thenga i-hamster enganeni, ungangesabi, kuphela udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhamba kwakhe okusheshayo kungaba yingozi yomqondo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho nezingane zingahlukanisa phakathi Hamster kaNorman kusuka ethandwa ikhathuni nesidalwa esiphilayo sinezidingo kanye nomlingiswa waso.

Ama-hamsters anamahloni futhi adlalayo, isibonelo, ama-hamsters angama-Dzungarian, azoletha injabulo nenjabulo kunoma yimuphi umndeni. Kodwa umhlali omncane wokutholwa edinga ukunakekelwa nokunaka izidingo zakhe. I-hamster ingaba yintandokazi yezingane nabadala.

Ukubukeka

Ummeleli omkhulu we-hamster subfamily. Ubude bomzimba wabesilisa abadala yi-27- 34 cm, umsila ungama-3-8 cm, kanti isisindo somzimba silinganiselwa kuma-700 g. Umsila uqwebile phansi, ngokushesha uphela uze ufike ekugcineni, futhi umbozwe izinwele ezimfushane nezilukhuni. Isizalo singobude obulinganisile. Ama-auricles amafushane impela, ambozwe izinwele ezacile, ezimnyama. Isandla nonyawo kubanzi, neminwe inezinwele ezakhiwe kahle.

Izinwele zikhulu futhi zithambile. Umbala wesikhumba uqhakazile, umehluko: umzimba ongenhla ucacile, ubomvu onsundu, isisu simnyama. Ezinhlangothini ezingaphambili kunamabala amabili amakhulu akhanyayo, ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe yisichibi soboya obumnyama. Kukhona nendawo ekhanyayo ezinhlangothini zekhanda nasemuva kwezindlebe, kwesinye isikhathi endaweni yamahlombe ehlombe. Imvamisa kuba khona kwama-sampling amnyama ngokuphelele (ama-melancts) noma ama-samples amnyama anama-amabala amhlophe emahlombe nasemphinjeni. Kuchazwa okungaphezulu kuka-10. Umbala wama-hamsters ngaphakathi kwebanga uyakhanya kusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, osayizi bomzimba ukhula usuka entshonalanga uye empumalanga futhi usuka enyakatho uye eningizimu.

Ukubhebhetheka

I-hamster ejwayelekile ijwayelekile emgudwini naseziphelweni zamahlathi, kanye nasezindaweni ezihlukene zotshani ze-Eurasia kusuka eBelgium kuya e-Altai naseNyakatho Xinjiang.

E-Russia, umngcele osenyakatho webanga usuka eSmolensk enyakatho neRzhev uye e-Yaroslavl, Kirov nasePerm; enyakatho ye-Perm Territory, ufinyelela kuma-59 ° 40 's. sh., eZauralie idlula eYekaterinburg, inqamula i-Irtysh enyakatho yeTobolsk ne-Ob endaweni yaseKolpashevo, kusuka lapho igeleza iye eKrasnoyarsk. I-Minusinsk steppe yakha umngcele osempumalanga, lapho i-hamster ingene khona muva nje. Umngcele oseningizimu ugudla ugu lwe-Azov neBlack Sea kufinyelela eGagra, umngcele osentshonalanga weCiscaucasia, ogoba usuka enyakatho ogwadule kanye ne-semi -hlane yasenkabazwe esempumalanga yeCaspian neVolga-Ural, unqamula iVolga esifundeni sase-Astrakhan. Bese iya eKazakhstan, lapho iya khona cishe ngama-47 ° s. w. nasezindaweni eziphansi zomfula. ISarysu, ithumba ingxenye esenyakatho yeBetakak-Dala, izingxenye eziphakathi nezasenyakatho-mpumalanga yamagquma aseKazakh, isigodi rr. Noma i-Karatal, izindawo ezingaphansi kweTien Shan enyakatho nasempumalanga, imigwaqo ese-Alakol kanye neZaysan kanye nomngcele osentshonalanga ye-Altai iya ebhange elifanele leYenisei eduze nedolobhana. Bey.

Indlela yokuphila

Iningi kakhulu e-bush-steppe, otshanini obuxubile notshani obuxubene notshani. Ingena esifundeni sehlathi ngokungena endaweni yezikhukhula nasezigangeni ezisogwini, futhi idlule nasehlathini (ezindaweni ezinamahlathi acijwayo nezilinyiwe). Eningizimu yebanga, linamathela ezindaweni ezinomswakama: izigodi zemifula, izingcindezi. Ikhuphukela ezintabeni iye emngceleni ongezansi wehlathi, futhi uma kungekho bhande lasehlathini, kuya ezigodini zezintaba kufaka phakathi. Ihlala ezindaweni ezitshaliwe - ezinhlelweni zerayisi, amabhande amahlathi, amapaki, izingadi, izingadi zemifino ngisho nasezakhiweni zokuhlala. Ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi nezikhululekile zihlala kaningi kunasemhlabathini eminyene.

Indlela yokuphila yesikhathi sobusuku. Usuku luchitha emgodini, imvamisa lujule futhi luyinkimbinkimbi, lufinyelela ku-8 m ubude nangaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha imisele yokubulala. Umsele ongapheli unama-2-5, ngaphansi okuvamisile ukufika ku-10, igumbi lokudlela nezindawo zokulala ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, i-hamster ejwayelekile ihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, inolaka izihlobo futhi inenkani.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Isibalo sezinhlobo sehlile kakhulu muva nje [ nini? ] Iminyaka engama-20 futhi iyaqhubeka nokuwohloka, kepha ikakhulukazi entshonalanga nasenyakatho yebanga. Amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu amukele izinhlelo zikazwelonke zokonga lolu hlobo. I-hamster ejwayelekile ivikelwe eFrance, eBelgium, eNetherlands, eJalimane, ePoland, eBelarus. Ngo-2009, kwafakwa ohlwini lweNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukraine, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2012 eCrimea, lesi silo sabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezolimo zaleyo nhlonhlo, kubandakanya amapulazi asedolobheni. Ensimini yeRussian Federation ivikelwe ezifundweni ezi-5 zomfelandawonye. Ukwehla kobuningi bezinhlobo kwaphawulwa nakwezinye izifundo zengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia.

Inani lama-hamster lizinzile eKazakhstan naseSiberia, lapho phakathi kweminyaka yokwanda kwabantu, lingaba yingozi kwezolimo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lenyuke esifundeni sase-Azov esifundeni saseRostov [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-529 ], endaweni yaseKrasnodar Territory, kanye naseCrimea, lapho i-hamster ibanga nomonakalo omkhulu.

Inani lezimboni

Kuze kube yiminyaka yo-1960s, bekuyisihloko sokuhweba ngoboya eJalimane, eCzechoslovakia naseSoviet Union. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuna imfoloko yezimboni kwamiswa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ama-hamster's fur awasizi ngalutho, kepha asetshenziswa ngendlela yemvelo nenemibala ukuhlobisa amajakethi oboya bezingane nawezingane, izihlanganisi nezingubo.

Izici zokubonakala kwama-hamsters

Onke ama-hamsters mancane, ubude bawo bomzimba ukusuka ku-5 cm (nge-hamster emfishane) kuya kuma-30 cm (nge-hamster ejwayelekile). Umsila ungabonakala kalula noma udlula ubude bomzimba. Izilwane zinesisindo esisuka ku-7 kuya ku-700 amagremu ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.

Onke ama-hamsters anomzimba omncane oyindilinga oyindilinga, ama-paws amafushane anezigaqa ezibukhali, ezincane (kanti kwezinye izinhlobo zinkulu) izindlebe, amehlo amnyama amnyama, amadevu amade.

Uboya bezilwane bukhulu impela, buvame ukuthambile. Umbala wangemuva ungahluka kakhulu: usuka kumlotha, onsundu noma onsundu uye kubomvu, wegolide noma ucishe ube mnyama. Isisu sivame ukukhanya.

I-hamster ejwayelekile endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo.

Isici esibonakalayo se-hamsters yizipani zezihlathi, okuyizinsika zamahhala zesikhumba kusuka esikhaleni esiphakathi kwezihlisi kanye nasema-molars nokunwebeka ngaphandle komhlathi ongezansi. Izikhumba ezihlafunwayo zeluliwe, zivumele lesi silwane ukuba sithwale inani elikhulu lezinto zokudla ezingubeni zaso. Emvelweni, ama-pantries anjalo angamadivayisi awusizo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezihlala ezindaweni lapho ukudla kuvela ngokungahambanga kahle, kepha ngobuningi.

I-drum hamster ingumnikazi wezikhwama zaseshekeni ezinamandla kakhulu ezikuvumela ukuba uphathe inani elikhulu lokudla kuma-pantries.

Imilenze yangaphambili yalezi zidondolo isikhumbuza izandla, ezibavumela ukuthi bakuphathe kahle ukudla. Ama-hamsters ajwayele ukwenza ukunyakaza kwesimo se-paw, okuwavumela ukuba anciphise ukudla kuye phambili emihlathini yawo.

Ama-hamsters awaboni kahle, kepha anengqondo elimnandi lokuhogela nokuzwa okubukhali. Baxhumana bodwa besebenzisa ama-ultrasound kanye nama-squeaks azwakala yindlebe yomuntu.

Ukudla

AmaHamsters ikakhulukazi ayizilwane ezi-herbivorous. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo siqukethe imbewu, amahlumela, izilimo zezimpande (ukolweni, ibhali, amabele, uphizi, ubhontshisi, izaqathe, amazambane, izimbotshana, njll.), Kanye namaqabunga nezimbali.

I-hamster ithwala izinto ezincane, ezinjengembewu, ziyifaka emgodini osesihlalweni sezinkukhu, futhi ezinkudlwana, isibonelo, amazambane, emazinyweni. Ugcina ukudla ebusika, adle ngaphansi komhlaba, noma adle ngaso leso sikhathi (endaweni ezolile). Isibonelo, i-ham hamster, ingathwala ubhontshisi we-soya angama-42 ezihlathini zayo ezihlathini.

Ukuzijabulisa

Izinhlobo eziningi zifinyelela ebusheni ngemuva nje kokuncelisa ibele noma ngaphambi kwalokho. Isibonelo, i-hamster evamile yabesifazane ingazala ineminyaka engama-59.

Ama-hamsters angaphambi kwe-Asia akhula kancane futhi afinyelele ekuthweni eneminyaka engu-57-70 yezinsuku. Ngokwemvelo, zizala 1, okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, yize ekhaya zingazala unyaka wonke. Ama-hamsters angamagundwane abesifazane kuphela emvelweni angaletha ama-broods ama-3 ngonyaka. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukhona amazinyane angama-9 kuya kuma-brood, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike ku-22.

Ilungiselela ukuba ngumama, insikazi yakhela isidleke sotshani, uboya kanye nezimpaphe. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-16 kuye kwezingama-20 (ku-hamster ejwayelekile). Izingane zizalwa zinqunu futhi zingaboni.

Izinkantolo zilula futhi zimfushane, njengazo zonke izilwane ezitholakala kuphela ukuqhubeka nomncintiswano wazo. Ngemuva kokuzalela, umphunga uyaqhuma, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lezi zinsikazi nezintokazi ngeke ziphinde zihlangane. Okuhlukile ngabakwaHazungarian hamsters, abangobaba abahle futhi bakhonza njengezithintelo kubalingani babo. Ubaba usiza izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, azihlanze eziseleni ze-placenta futhi akhonze amakhala awo ukuze azivumele ukuba ziphefumule. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlala nowesifazane kanye nenzalo ukuze abagcine befudumele. Lapho umama eshiya ukondla, uhlala eqaphe izingane.

Ku-hamster yangaphambi kwe-Asiya, amawundlu alunyulwa aneminyaka engamasonto amathathu. Futhi izinhlobo ezikhula kancane kancane - i-hamster eyenziwe ngesamagundane - ingahle ingafiki usayizi womuntu omdala ngisho nangezinyanga eziyi-6.

Izitha emvelweni

Akumangazi ukuthi lamagundane amancane emvelweni anezitha eziningi.Bazingelwa yizimpungushe, izimbila, izikebhe, izinsimbi, izinsimbi, izinja zasendle, izikhova, amakhayithi nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ama-Nightlife asindisa ama-hamsters ezingozini ezithile, kepha ikakhulukazi kufanele ancike kuphela ekuqapheliseni, ekufihleni nasekuhambeni ngokushesha. Ebona ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, i-rodent igijimela emgodini wayo, izame ukucasha kuyo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Hamsters nendoda

Ebusika, ama-hamsters aqoqa inani elikhulu lezinto zokudla ezidlekeni zazo (ngokwesilinganiso esingu-3-15 kg), noma kunjalo, ngenxa yobuningi babantu abaphansi, abalimazi kangako kwezolimo.

Indaba ethokozisayo ubudlelwano bomuntu nge-hamster ejwayelekile. Inani lalezi zinhlobo kuma-40s wekhulu le-XX laliphezulu, yize izikhumba ezingaphezu kwesigidi zazivunwa minyaka yonke. Kusuka kuma-70s, kukhuphuke kakhulu isibalo sawo, ikakhulukazi eCrimea. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XXI, wazinza emapulini angawomuntu, emapaki amadolobha, afinyelela kubantu abangakaze babe khona emvelweni - 136 abantu ngamunye ngehektha elilodwa. Lolu hlobo lwaluhlala lubonwa ngisho nangaphandle kwangaphandle kweMoscow. ENtshonalanga Yurophu ngeminyaka yo-1970s, ama-hamsters ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 ukuya ku-20 ayehlala kwezinye izindawo endaweni eyi-1 km2. Ngokusobala, ngaleli nani, inhlobo iyisituthwane, ngakho-ke, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqothula zazisetshenziswa kuyo, kusuka ezibulala izinambuzane kuya ezinjeni eziqeqeshelwe ukukhipha izimbumbulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo zezilwane ziye zanyamalala eminyakeni yamuva nje. Namuhla kugadwe kakhulu emazweni amaningi ase-Europe, noma kunjalo, akukwazanga ukubuyisa amanani.

Iningi lezinye izinhlobo zama-hamsters azikho engcupheni yokuqothulwa, mhlawumbe yingoba zihlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi futhi zinezinga eliphakeme lokufuya.

Ejwayelekile Hamster Habitat

I-hamster ejwayelekile ikhetha izindawo ezinokudla okwanele kokuhlaliswa: ama-steppes, ama-steppes amahlathi, izithsaba zemihlambi kanye nonyawo lwezindawo zezintaba (kufika ku-1000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle). Ikakhulu i-rodent ithanda ukusondela kubantu kanye nokutshala amasiko, kuvame ukulimaza kakhulu kwezolimo.

Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwe-hamsters yande kakhulu. Ingatholakala e-Urals, Altai, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeLwandle Olumnyama, eKrasnoyarsk kanye nasemngceleni neChina. Ngaphandle kweRussia, isatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseKazakh nasemazweni aseYurophu kuze kufike emngceleni weBelgium neFrance. Ngokuvamile, inani le-hamster ejwayelekile linabile impela, kepha kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu njengohlobo olusengozini. Emazweni aseYurophu, lo muntu uvikelekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yombala waso ongathandeki nokuthandwa okuphezulu ekuhwebeni ngoboya.

Izici zangaphandle ze-hamster ejwayelekile

Le nduku ingenye yabamele abakhulu bale nhlobo. Ubude ngaphandle komsila bufika ku-30 ​​cm; kunomsila ongaguquki obunjiwe obunamabhuleshana amafushane ngo-5-8 cm ngosayizi. I-hamster inesisindo esingu-400-700 amagremu.

Konke okunye ukubukeka kwehluka okuncane kunabantu abafiphele: isicubu esidala esinezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga, uboya obukhulu obukhulu, amaphakethe esihlathini, izimbobo eziphansi ezineminwe nezinzipho ezibukhali. Isici esihlukile umbala. Ngemuva kwe-hamster ejwayelekile kunombala onsundu, impumulo, isigaxa nemilenze imhlophe, kanti isisu nesifuba zimnyama. Kukhona amabala amhlophe acacile ezinhlangothini nangemuva kwezindlebe. Kungenxa yombala okhanyayo ukuthi bavame ukuba yinto yokuzingela. Esithombeni esithathwe ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zasendaweni yokuhlala kwesilwane, ungawubona umehluko kumbala waso ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Kunezinhlobo ezimnyama ngokuphelele, futhi ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezinendawo emincane engwevu.

Imikhuba yemvelo

Endle, ama-hamsters angashadile. Bakha imisele ebanzi, ejulile enamazinga amaningi ngama-pantries ambalwa wempahla yasebusika, izidleke zasehlobo nezasebusika nokungena okuningi nokuphuma. Ama-rodents amaka izindawo zawo futhi angavumeli amanye ama-hamsters kuwo. Izilwane zihlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala endaweni yabesifazane, emva kwalokho owesilisa umshiya ngokushesha, ngoba owesifazana unolaka olukhulu uma "isoka" libambezeleka isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi lingamhlasela. Insikazi ithwala kuphela futhi iza namazinyane.

I-hamster ingumhlali wasebusuku, ilala ngaphandle futhi icashe emcwabeni wakhe phakathi nosuku, kuthi lapho kuqala ukuhwalala iyodoba, idle kamnandi, igcwalise izihlathi zayo ngezinto ezisetshenziselwa ikusasa futhi izidlulisele kwi-pantry. Abazi inani eliqondile lezidingo ezizokwanela ubusika bonke, ngakho-ke ugcotshwa kuphethiloli wakhe impela njengoba aphatha ngaphambi kwamaqandeni okuqala, bese eqonda emgodleni. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe amakhilogremu ayi-10 wezinto ezahlukahlukene zokudla zigcinwa “ezinqolobaneni” zalo. Sithole ama-hamster pantries anezinqolobane ezingaphezu kwama-50 kg, ngokunokwenzeka, lezi kwakuyizinto ezinqwabelene zeminyaka eminingana yokuphila. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi silwane sengeza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla ngokwahlukana. Ngakho-ke emgodini owodwa ungathola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokusanhlamvu: ukolweni, i-oats, i-buckwheat, ummbila, ama-lupins, imifino nezitshalo zezimpande nezimpande - lokhu kudliwa yi-hamster ejwayelekile ebusika obude.

I-rodent ivikela ngokucophelela izimpahla zayo ezivela kwezinye izilwane nezihlobo, iyakwazi ukungena empini. Lapho icasukile, ivuka imilenze yakhe yangemuva, iveze amazinyo aqinile futhi ilungiselele ukugxuma. I-hamster ejwayelekile igxuma kahle futhi igijime ngokushesha lapho iphunyuka esitheni, kodwa isesimweni esizolile ihamba kancane. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, iyakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8.

Ukudla okungokwemvelo kwe-hamster ejwayelekile

I-hamster ejwayelekile ayilandeki nakancane ekudleni. Ukudla kwaso kuncike endaweni. Isisekelo sokudla ngamabele, amakhambi nezimpande, zithanda izilwane nezitshalo zezimpande ezivela engadini yabantu. Ngenjabulo udla izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu, amasele ngisho namagundane amancane, ngokwesibonelo, amagundane. Isisu siqine kakhulu futhi siyakwazi ukugaya noma yikuphi ukudla.

Ukuzala ngemvelo

Yize i-hamster ejwayelekile iyisizungu, izala ngokushesha okukhulu. Isikhathi sokukhula siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti. Owesilisa uthola owesimame ngephunga, amvundise futhi ashiye insimu. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.

Amancanyana azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi enqunu, futhi lapho efika amasonto amabili aqala ukumbozwa ngoboya futhi avule amehlo. Insikazi ibondla ngobisi amasonto amathathu, bese idluliselwa ekudleni okungokwemvelo. Eminyakeni engama-4−5 amasonto, amathole ashiya isidleke sikamama bese akha amanco awo. Ehlobo, insikazi iyakwazi ukuletha iilitha ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-12.

Izinsikazi kusuka kudoti wokuqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo sezivele zinenzalo yazo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, inani labantu lingakhula ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-hamster ejwayelekile ekhaya

Intengo yezilwane esitolo iphansi, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungathola i-hamster ejwayelekile kuzo, ngakho-ke lesi isilwane esingajwayelekile sendlu. Yize ukugcina isilwane esinjalo kungabangeli bunzima obuthile, ababaningi abayoba nesibindi sokuthatha isilwane sasendle ekhaya.

Okwezindlu uzodinga ukhokho omkhulu onokwethenjelwa. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu uma uqhathaniswa nabantu abafuthiwe, idinga isikhala esithe xaxa sokunyakaza. Ukuba khona okuphoqelekile kwesondo lokugijima. Uma i-hamster ejwayelekile ingenakunyakaza okwanele, izolulama kakhulu futhi igule.

Ukunakekela ukugcina inhlanzeko esitokisini, kunikeza umsoco ofanele. I-hamster idinga ukuhlinzeka ngezinto ezanele zokuhlomisa isidleke kanye ne-pantry, ingaba iphepha elimhlophe, sawdust, izingcezu zoboya. Ukushintsha udoti futhi uhlanze ikheji, lesi silwane kufanele sidluliselwe kwesinye isithako, ngoba induku ayizukuvumela abantu bangaphandle bangene esifundeni sayo futhi bangayiluma kanzima. Ukuchazwa kwempilo yakhe emvelweni kusitshela ngomlingiswa wakhe onjengempi, ngisho nezilwane ezifuywayo zisalokhu zingumkhuhlane.

Ekudla, i-hamster ejwayelekile ayizethembisi ngokuphelele. Ekhaya, kungenzeka ukondla isilwane ngemikhiqizo etafuleni lasekhaya. Kepha akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi kungakuhle ukuthi ulethe ukudla kwe-hamster yasendle eduze kwalena yemvelo: nikeza okusanhlamvu okwengeziwe (okusanhlamvu okuzenzela nakho kufanelekile: i-buckwheat, amabele, ilayisi), izitshalo ezimpande ngendlela eluhlaza futhi ephekiwe, inyama ebilisiwe. Ungondli i-hamster enoshukela kakhulu nokudla okubabayo, kanye namaswidi. Ushukela uyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni, imizimba yazo ayikwazi ukubhekana nokuqhutshwa kwenani elikhulu likashukela.

Akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuzala i-hamster ejwayelekile ekhaya. Emvelweni, lesi silo asihlali ngababili, ngeke sikubekezelele lokhu kuthunjwa. Izinduku kufanele zigcinwe emakhejini ahlukene, zingahlanganiswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela bese zilandela le nqubo ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa umuntu wesilisa, kuze kube yilapho owesifazana eqala ukuthukuthela amhlasele. Amaviki ama-4-5 ngemuva kokuzalwa, ama-hamsters amancane adinga ukuthuthelwa kunina, mhlawumbe kumaseli ahlukile. Uma ubashiya bayohlala ndawonye, ​​izingxabano nokulwa akunakugwenywa.

Ubudlelwano nomuntu

Noma i-hamster izalwe ekhaya, ngeke abe isilwane esibi. Umuntu wakhe, ngaphezu kwakho konke, unesinye isilo esijikeleza isifunda sakhe. I-hamster ejwayelekile ayesabi izinyamazane ezinkulu futhi ngaphandle kokwesaba izogijimela kunoma ngubani ozomphazamisa. Ekhaya, kungaba yindaba emnandi yokubukwa.

Endle, i-hamster ejwayelekile iyisitha sokutshala kwamasiko esintu nomuntu ohamba naye kwezifo. Ngaphandle kokuthi kwezinye izifunda kufakwe ku-Red Book, ezindaweni ezisondelene nomuntu ziyabhujiswa.

Ekhaya, i-hamster izophila iminyaka engama-2-4 futhi izothokozisa izakhamizi ngemibala yayo egqamile kanye nokuzuka kwemvelo.

Ahlala phi ama-hamsters ama-Dzungarian endle?

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isilwane yi-Asia, Siberia, Kazakhstan. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ama-dzhungariki akhetha ukuhlala ogwadule, imigodi eyomile, imvamisa ezindaweni ezinamahlathi. Ngakho-ke, ama-hamsters ama-Dzungarian angatholakala empumalanga yeKazakhstan, eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina neMongolia.

Indawo yokuhlala kwama-hamung ama-Dzungarian eRussia yi-Western Siberia, izindawo eziseningizimu yeTransbaikalia, iTuva, eMinusinsk, e-Aginsky naseChui. Ingatholakala nasezintabeni ze-Altai endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2 kuye kwayi-4 ngaphezu kolwandle. AmaHamsters akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingafakwanga, kepha futhi ayabekezelela indawo yokuhlala nabantu.

Ikhaya lama-hamsters angama-Dzungarian angaphansi komhlaba, ukujula kwalo kungafinyelela kumitha eyi-1. Kuyo ungahlukanisa ubulili nobudala be-dzhungarik. Abesilisa abasebasha banezincanyana nezingajulile, izinsikazi zinokuphawuleka okukhulu, abantu abadala nabesilisa abaqinile banezinkulu kakhulu. Imisinga ye-Dzungarian hamsters inenqwaba yamagatsha, izinyoka eziningi namakamelo, asetshenziselwa izindlu zangasese, amakamelo okulala kanye nezindlu zangasese.

Ama-hamsters asendle amaJungar adlani endle?

Umbono ongaqondile wokuthi ama-hamsters ama-Dzungarian adla kuphela izitshalo ezinotshani usunguliwe. Eqinisweni, bacishe babe ngama-omnivorous. Ukudla kuhlukahlukene. Endle, izilwane zivame ukuhlasela izinambuzane (izintethe, isikhonyane, izintuthwane, amacimbi, amabhu, izibungu).

Futhi, izilwane zidla amajikijolo, amahlumela amasha ezihlahla, amahlamvu nezimpande zezitshalo, imbewu nezinhlamvu. Lapho zifuna ukudla, lezi zilwanyana ezincane ziyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha amaningi.

Ebusika, ama-dzungariki athande ukugcwala. Umuntu oyedwa uyakwazi ukuqongelela amakhilogremu angama-20 okusanhlamvu nembewu. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-hamsters acasha aze afike ku-90 kg kumakhonkco awo. Ama-hamsters ayathanda ukuhlala eduzane nezindlu zabantu, ngakho-ke imifino evela ezivandeni zemifino ivela kumenyu yazo. Kodwa ziwohloka ngokushesha, ngakho ama-hamsters ahlala engena ezigangeni eyofuna okusanhlamvu ukuze agcwalise izimpahla.

Izitha zemvelo

Njenganoma yisiphi isilwane sasendle, i-hamung ye-Dzungarian inezitha zayo. Njengoba ama-hamsters ehlala ikakhulukazi ema-semi-desertert kanye nama-steppes, izitha zawo eziphambili ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngesikhathi sasemini izinyosi nabanye abamele lo mndeni bazingela, ebusuku - izikhova nezikhova zokhozi.

Kwama-rodices ahlala emahlathini ama-steppes, izilwane ezidla imvelo emhlabeni ziyingozi kakhulu: izimpungushe, izimpisi, izindunduma, ama-ermines, amabheji, izindunduma, iziwula kanye nemikhonto. Futhi okuyingozi kuma-dzhungariks amakati nezinja zokuzingela, ezihlasela kakhulu ama-hamsters ayehlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala.

Ukusuka ekuhlaselweni ngokungazelelwe ngabahlaseli bama-hamsters ama-Dzungarian, ukutakula okuhle kakhulu kusindisa. Uma umsindo uthule, ihlathi lizogijimela ukuyocasha endlini yakhe ye-mink noma kwenye indawo ebekelwe eceleni. Uma umsindo uhlukile futhi unomsindo omkhulu, futhi ayikho indlela yokucasha, lapho-ke i-hamster iqina endaweni, ngethemba lokuthi ngeke ibonwe. Esimweni lapho le ndlela ingasebenzi, i-jungar ime emilenzeni yayo yangemuva, ithatha indawo enhle futhi yenze imisindo enolaka.

Le ndlela isiza ukuzivikela. Angasebenzisa futhi amazinyo akhe abukhali nezihlakala lapho elwa nesitha. Futhi lokhu akukhathaleli nje kuphela izisulu, kodwa futhi nezimbangi: uma lowo onjalo ezulazula endle yomunye umuntu, khona manjalo uzosithola isexwayiso sokuqala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisindo ebukhali ayakhelwanga ukwesabisa izitha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwazisa izihlobo ngengozi evelile. Lesi sici siholele ekutheni igama lesidlaliso "ukucula hamsters" linikezwe izilwane.

UDzhungariki - izidalwa ezincane, ezisengcupheni, kepha imvelo ngokwayo yayinakekela ukuvikeleka kwazo. Wavuza ama-hamsters alolu hlobo ngejazi loboya elihlangana nemvelo; kanti ebusika, izilwane ziluhlaza bese zibuyisela uboya bazo zibe mhlophe. Babizwa ngesiNgisi - hamster emnyama emnyama ebusika - hamsters emhlophe ebusika.

Ngakho-ke, zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye, ezihlangene, azikwazi ukubhubhisa ama-hamsters angama-Dzungarian njengezinhlobo, zikwazi kuphela ukubamba inani lezinja ezincane ezinobuhlalu.

Umlando wemvelaphi ye-Dzungarian hamster

Okumangazayo ngokwanele, kepha ukuhlukaniswa okusemthethweni kwabamele umhlaba wezilwane sekuvele muva nje. Izilwane ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane azange zidonse ukunakwa izazi zezinto eziphilayo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umndeni wonke wakhonjwa indlela - amaHamsters, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zama-hamsters ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, ama-hamsters ama-Dzungari atholakala ngusosayensi odumile futhi ongumhambi uP P Pasas ngo-1773 ngesikhathi sokuphuma komkhakha endaweni yaseKazakhstan yanamuhla.

Muva nje, kube nenkulumompikiswano ngokuthi ngabe ihlathi yini elezinhlobo zeCampbell hamster (i-Phodopus campbelli). Manje sekutholakele ukuthi i-hamung ye-Dzungarian iyinhlobo ehlukile.

Hamsters baba ezifuywayo kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Amagundane amnandi futhi acwebile: ngoboya obuthambile, izihlathi eziyindilinga, izindlebe ezincane nomsila ongabonakali - ngokushesha wakwazi ukuzuza uthando lwabanikazi bawo. Manje ama-hamsters ama-Dzungarian asephenduke enye yezilwane ezifuywayo ezivame kakhulu.