Ungawavikela kanjani amabhele asemaceleni? Angithi phela bahlala endaweni yonke enkulu ye-Arctic. Futhi kufanele uziphathe kanjani kubantu abahlala eduze kwalomhlaseli omkhulu? Kunemibuzo eminingi efanayo, uma ucabanga ngayo. Izimpendulo kuzo kufanele zifunwe ososayensi abanikele ngemisebenzi yabo ocwaningweni lwezilwane.
Ibhere elinamakhaza angenye yezidalwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke Emhlabeni futhi livumelaniswa ngokuphelele nokuphila e-Arctic enokhahlo.
Ungumuntu ongakhathali ohamba eqhweni, ubhukuda ngokuphelele futhi anganqoba ukukhuphuka kwamanzi amakhulu avulekile. Emakhazeni alesi silo vikela uboya obukhulu kanye nesendlalelo samafutha aqatha. Amawele webhere anesimbozo sezinwele esivikela ekupholiseni okuyingozi.
Amabhere we-polar ayizulazula e-Arctic, kepha kunezindawo lapho abuthana khona ebusika, bese kuthi emadilini abe nezingane - amabhere amabili, angavamile amabhere amathathu.
Amabhere azingela uphawu, athambekele ekufikeni kwamanga ezilwaneni nasekupangeni okusheshayo kombani noma kathathu okuthola isisulu.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, inani lamabhere asebethambile e-Arctic lafika endaweni ebucayi. Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zathathwa ukuze zilondolozwe. Isilo sasibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe, inani leziqhwaga zase-Arctic selikhule kakhulu, futhi namuhla abantu baseNyakatho baqhubeka nokuhlangana ngamabhere amnyama. Ngabe lemihlangano iphephile? Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi baphephile futhi bafuna ukuxhumana nesilo, kodwa izingozi ezimbalwa e-Arctic zibenza baqaphele. Iminyaka eminingi, umhlaba wezilwane waseNyakatho wafundwa nguSolwazi, udokotela weSayensi Yezinto eziphilayo uSavva Mikhailovich Uspensky. Simcelile ukuthi aphendule imibuzo yethu.
- USavva Mikhailovich, kukangaki kufaneleka ukukhathazeka kwabasenyakatho futhi umuntu kufanele aziphathe kanjani endaweni lapho kuvela khona ibhere elinamakhaza?Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuhlaselwa, ukuvimbela kanjani ukubonakala kwesilo esigodini, esiteshini esisezingeni eliphakeme?
- Kunemibuzo eminingi, futhi konke empeleni. Eqinisweni, ibhere elinamakhaza manje kulula ukuhlangana ngalo endle, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kokushiya isigodi. Angikholwa nokuthi amashumi amathathu eminyaka edlule wayesondele ekuqothulweni futhi isiphetho sakhe sabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Futhi manje usabonakala ezincwadini ezibomvu, kubandakanya neZizwe.
- Yini isizathu sokushintsha kwesikhundla sakhe?
- Ukusindiswa kwebhere elinamakhaza, ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhundla salo kungasebenza njengesibonelo esihle sezithelo zezinyathelo zokuvikela izilwane zasendle. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda kwenani lamabhere asezingeni eliphakeme ngasikhathi sinye ukwanda kwenani labantu eNyakatho kwaqinisa inkinga yobudlelwano besilo nomuntu.
- Kuyingozi kangakanani ibhele kubantu?
- Ngokusho kwabasenyakatho, futhi ngihlanganyela ngokuphelele lo mbono, akubeki engcupheni enkulu, yize lesi silo sikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwamabhere omhlaba kanye nomzingeli owedlula zonke. "Ukuthula" kwakhe, ngokusobala, kungenxa yokuthi uphawula ukondla cishe ngezimpawu zasendlini kuphela. Inkambo yokubonisana ngebhere eli polar, mhlawumbe, inomlingiswa olandelayo: "Lokho okungaqambi amanga akusona uphawu futhi, ngakho-ke, akuyona into yokuzingela, akunakuphikwa." Ukufakazelwa kwalokhu kungaba iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zivame ukufihla umuntu ekhasa noma elele eqhweni, eqhweni. Kukulesi simo lapho umuntu esengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa.
- Amabhere wasemakhwapheni enza kanjani ngokuvamile ebukhoneni bomuntu, ngoba ukusabela kwawo nakho kungahluka?
- Izilwane zivame ukugwema ukuhlangana nomuntu. Basola izinto ezikhipha iphunga lomuntu noma iphunga le-benzine, upharafini, ne-powder eshisiwe. Ezinye izilwane zivame ukungaziphathi kahle kumuntu, lapho zihlangana naye okokuqala kwesinye isikhathi zikhombisa ukungabi nandaba ngokuphelele. Abanye kwesinye isikhathi baba nelukuluku, beza kubantu, lapho kuhlala khona abantu, ngomkhumbi otholakala eqhweni, Izilwane zibahlola, zivame ukuma ngemilenze yazo yangasemuva noma zingene mina ohlangothini olungasemuva, zifunda iphunga. Ngokungangabazeki, emizwa eqhuba isilo kula macala, indlala nokufuna ukudla kudlala indima enkulu.
"Kodwa akuzona zonke izilwane eziphethe kanjalo." Abanye basakhombisa ulaka kubantu.
- Abanye abantu banolaka, ikakhulukazi lapho bevikela inzalo noma inyamazane. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izilwane zize zizingele abantu, futhi ziziphathe ngasikhathi sinye ngokweqile, zinganaki kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokusongela, ngisho nokudubula. Njengomthetho, laba bantu bayakhathala, bayalamba indlala, baphucwa izinhlamvu noma balwa nezinye amabhere. Ngokusobala, izilwane ezinjalo azikwazi ukuthola ukudla okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, isilo esincane esiqale ukuhlangana nomuntu naso singaba nolaka.
- USavva Mikhailovich, ubudlelwano phakathi kwendoda nebhere elinamakhaza bakhula kanjani? Bebelokhu befana njengoba benjalo manje?
- Cha hhayi njalo. Kusukela ukushushiswa kwabantu ngamabhele we-polar kuqina, akuzange nje kuphela ukuthi kwehle kakhulu inani lalezi zilwane, kodwa nokuziphatha kwabo kwaqala ukuguquka. Ukushushiswa kwakusho ukuthathwa kwezilwane eziqaphile noma ezinolaka. Amabhere aqala ukwesaba umuntu. Ngesikhathi sokudotshwa kweziningi, futhi lokhu bekuyingxenye yokuqala yaleli khulu lamanje, amabhere aqokiwe ezindaweni eziningi zamacala ahlangana nomuntu kanye kuphela ezimpilweni zawo, futhi isilo esingajwayelekile sagwema ukubulawa ngesihluku. Uma ekwazile ukusinda ngemuva koshushiso nokulimala, wafuna ukugwema umhlangano omusha nomzingeli, iphunga lomuntu lamethusa.
"Kodwa ukuzingela amabhere asebenza ezindaweni ezibandayo kuvinjelwe amashumishumi eminyaka." Bekunjani ubudlelwane bethu namabhele asezingeni eliphakeme esimweni esisha?
- Isimo sengqondo esithandana nebhele le-polar nokukhula kwalo saqala maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ohlangothini olubi lwalezifiso kwakuwukulahlekelwa ukwesaba abantu yizilwane. Kulokhu, amacala okubhujiswa kwezakhiwo nezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene, ngokuyinhloko, izindawo zokugcina lapho kugcinwa khona amanoni, inyama, inhlanzi, kuye kwenzeka kaningi. Amabhere aqala ukuhlasela abantu, futhi hhayi njalo amacala anjalo aphela ngenjabulo. Ukungasho ukuthi iqiniso lokuhlala kwebhere edolobhaneni, ikakhulukazi ubusuku obunamakhaza, akumnandi, kwephula impilo ejwayelekile yabantu. Umuntu angasho nakanjani ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwakheka uhlobo lwabantu “be-syanthropic” lwamabhere asezingeni eliphakeme. Baphenduka izisebenzi ezibangelwa ukuzola.
- Ngakho-ke, amabhere we-polar aya ngokuya avela emadolobhaneni. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lalezi zilwane e-Arctic landa ngokulingana?
- Ukuhambela njalo kwamabhere emizaneni yase-Arctic akubonisi ukwanda ngokushesha kwamanani abo. Into yokuthi ukukhula kwesibalo kuyabonakala e-Far North, emaphethelweni naseziqhingini zezilwandle zase-Arctic, kuvela izindawo eziningi. Ukuzulazula ezindaweni eziphezulu kuqinisiwe. Imvamisa, abantu basenyakatho uqobo bavusa amabhere ngokuziphatha kwabo. Kwakumashumishumi eminyaka amuva nje lapho umkhuba "wokwenza ubungani" nalesi silo, umondle, umoyizela, uthathe isithombe naye njenge-Keepake, futhi wacishe wamanga. Ukubonakaliswa kwalolu hlobo lwe "humanism" empeleni kuhlinzeka "ngenkonzo yebhere" kumabhere nakubantu abasemhlabeni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izilwane ezinxenxa noma "ama-washer" zivame ukuphenduka zibe abaphangi abazikhukhumezayo, noma imbala.
- Ngabe kunezimo zokuhlanzeka ezanele yonke indawo ezindaweni zokuhlala?
- Enye yezizathu zezilwane ukungena emizaneni ukunakekelwa kokulahlwa kukadoti okulahliwe, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulahla imfucumfucu yokudla, kanye nokulondolozwa ngokunganakekeli ezindlini zokugcina ukudla. Ukusuka lapha kuvela izingxabano phakathi kwesilo nomuntu.
- Ingabe amabhere polar ahlala eyingozi ngokulinganayo?
- Mhlawumbe okuyingozi kakhulu yilezo, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, eziphucwa ithuba lokuthola ukudla kwazo okungokwemvelo - izimpawu, noma lezo ezilahlekelwe umuzwa wobungozi maqondana nabantu, kunengozi enkulu yokuhlangana nebhere elimele, nesilwane esivikela inyamazane yaso, noma ibhere elinamawundlu. Zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana, amadoda amadala alezi zilwane anesibindi, anqume futhi ayingozi.
- Futhi ingabe izinga lobungozi kubantu likhuphuka noma linciphe kanjani ezinkathini ezihlukile zonyaka?
- Imvamisa, izimo zokuxabana zivuka ebusika, lapho izilwane zilamba isikhathi eside. Uma befuna ukudla, kungenzeka basondele ezindlini zabantu futhi baziphathe ngesibindi. Ngobusuku obunobunzima obumnyama, umuntu kungenzeka ahlangane nebhere ekhaleni nekhala. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinga lobungozi balomhlukumezi ikakhulukazi lincike ekuziphatheni komuntu ngokwakhe. Ezimweni eziningi, isilo esifuna ukwazi ngokweqile singasuswa ngokudutshulwa, siphonswe itshe, ngisho nokumemeza. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuzama ukubalekela kuye: ezimweni ezinjalo, ibhele elinamakhaza livame ukushesha ekuphishekeleni umuntu. Ukuhamba kancane kwesilo kuyakhohlisa kakhulu, ekubalekeni ibanga elifushane noma phezulu emthambekeni, kunezinzuzo ezisobala.
- USavva Mikhailovich, kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi uzivikele ekuhlaselweni kwebhere elinamakhaza?
- Prakthiza kanye nezifundo ezikhethekile zikhombisa ukuthi akukho futhi akunakuba yikhambi lendawo yonke yebhere enamakhaza. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuvimba noma ikuphi ukuxhumana kwabantu ngezilwane ngokususwa noma ukwehlukaniswa okuthembekile kokulahlwa kukadoti nokulahlwa komhlaba. Izilwane ezicasulayo neziyingozi kufanele zidutshulwe. Izindlela zokuqapha ezidingekayo kufanele zithathwe abahloli bamazwe abasebenza phansi kwabo ngokwabo.
- USavva Mikhailovich, uma uzama ukwakha kafushane "indlela yokuziphatha", ungaphakamisa zithini izakhamizi zaseNyakatho?
- Ungazami ukusondeza ibhere elimhlophe noma umhume walo, yenza ubungani nalo, ungondli izilwane, ungazijwayezi ukuphatha - lokhu kuyingozi enkulu!
Uma uhlangana kafushane, noma ngabe ungahlomile, ungazami ukubalekela isilo. Kungcono ukuhlala uzolile, ukuhlala endaweni, ukukhalela usizo, noma ukubuyela emuva kancane. Kulokhu, ibhere lingashaqeka ngokukhala kwezinto zensimbi, isibhamu esivela esivulelweni rocket, okungcono ngaphansi kwezinyawo zebhere. Ngobusuku be-polar, ukuphuma ngaphandle, thatha isiqalisi se-rocket esilayishiwe nawe. Lapho amabhere ejwayele khona, izinja ezithukuthele ezigxunyekwe nebhere kufanele zigcinwe. Izindlela zezindawo zokugcina nokushintshana phakathi kwezindlu ebusika kufanele zikhanyiswe ubusuku nemini.
Hlukana nokulahla udoti, imfucumfucu yokulahla udoti, ikakhulukazi ukudla, okuvela ezitolo zokudla. Imfucuza yokudla ishiswa kangcono ngokufafaza ngophethiloli.
Khumbula ukuthi ungasebenzisa izikhali ngokumelene nebhere elinamakhaza kuphela uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Isilo esilimele siyingozi kakhulu!
Njengoba ubona, "indlela yokuziphatha" ayiyona inkimbinkimbi. Ukuhambisana nakho kuzoba nomthelela ebunyeni obunokuthula bezilwane ezibandayo nabantu e-Arctic. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuzovumela ukugcina isilo ngokwemvelo, okungabizwa ngokuthi ngumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu weqhwa lase-Arctic.
Ngubani onamandla?
Uma umphumela womlo phakathi kwebhere ne-walrus ungaba semhlabeni ungaphela ukunqoba kwabo bobabili, isimo emanzini sihlukile - noma ngabe yikuphi, i-walrus izoba ngumnqobi.
Ama-Eskimos akhuluma ngokulwa okunje, athi ama-walrus ahlaba kalula isikhumba esimnyama sebhele, futhi umhlaseli waminza. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amabhere emanzini abhekwa njengabazingeli abampofu. Kepha impilo yasolwandle, enjenge-walruses, izimpawu zasolwandle nezimpawu zamanzi, ishesha kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi.
Kwaqoshwa icala lapho ipaki lezimpawu lifaka emanzini ebhokisini labesilisa abadala, futhi akakwazanga ukubekezelela. Bear kwadingeka amahloni ukuphuma eqhweni.
Ngubani okhohlisayo?
Umhlaseli omkhulu womhlaba angakwazi ukujikijela phezulu kulolo hambo lwalrus futhi abangele ukwethuka emhlambini. Ngezikhathi zengozi, ama-walruses angena emanzini ngokushesha. Amakhulu ama-walruse asindayo aphumule kulayini, futhi lapho eqala ukuphikisana, afohla amawundlu. Abesifazane bazama ngesibindi ukonga izingane zabo, kepha abahlali bephumelela. Ukusindisa ingane, umama uyibeka emhlane wakhe. Kepha uma engenaso isikhathi sokwenza lokhu, imvamisa ingane ifa phakathi kwesisindo semizimba eminyene. Inhloso yamabhele we-polar yizingane ezichotshoziwe ngokunembile.
Kepha lokhu kuziphatha akuvamisile ukuba ngama-walrus, kwesinye isikhathi lapho kuvela ibhele, ngokuzithoba, ngaphandle kokuthuka, liwele emanzini. Kulokhu, umhlaseli uhlala elambile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-walruses angajaha ukuhlangana nebhele. Ibhere liyazi kahle ukuthi lingadalwa yini amanxeba amabi lezi zilwane ezinkulu, ngakho-ke ishiya indawo yokuyozingela ngokubhula nokungagculiseki.
Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ubuhlakani kanye nokusebenziseka kahle kwamabhere asezingeni eliphakeme. Umhlaseli uzikhethela inyamazane eyodwa futhi aqale ukushesha kuyo. Kanye nebanga elingatheni, ibhere lithatha ucezu eziqhweni zalo bese liliphonsa ku-walrus elele. Kulokhu, amandla nosayizi we-walrus awasaqhubeki nendima ethile.
Abakwa-Eskimos bakhuluma ngendlela abasibona ngayo isigameko lapho ibhele libulala i-walrus encane ngensimbi yeqhwa, kwathi umama wayo nezinye izalukazi ezimbili baphuthuma kuyena, zamhlasela zaze zamshaya waze wabulawa ngamangqina abo anamandla.
Ngokuvamile, izinsikazi zinomzwelo womama abakhuliswe ngokuqinile. Bazungeza inzalo yabo ngokunakekela nangokunaka njalo. Omama bavikela ngesibindi amazinyane abo emphefumulweni wokugcina. Uma umama wengane efa ngengozi ebuhlungu, khona-ke abanye besifazane bayamthatha ukuba akhuliswe.
Kungenzeka yini ukukhwabanisa?
Ama-Walruse anenqwaba enkulu yamafutha angaphansi, yingakho eyisisulu esifiselekayo samabhere asemaceleni. Kepha ama-walruses aqine kakhulu, ngakho amabhere ayalinga ukuwazingela kuphela lapho kungenazimpawu ezanele nezimpawu. Uma kunokudla okwanele, khona-ke izilwane ezidla ezinye azinaki ngokuphelele ama-walrus, zilahlekelwe yizo zonke izintshisekelo kuzo.
Kulesi simo, izimo lapho umhlaseli enyamalala ephuma emanzini kanye nama-walrus ahlala ezothile njengento evamile. Lezi zitha ezifungisiwe azinaki nakancane. Kepha masisha lapho ukwehla kokulingana kwemvelo okubuthakathaka kwephulwe, ibhele elingena polar liphinda liba inyamazane enamandla, bese i-walrus iba yisisulu.
URosneft, kanye nososayensi kanye nezazi zezemvelo, bazofunda ngesimo sebhele, i-walrus, gull nethanga lamahlathi
Lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza isiphetho mayelana nenhlalakahle ye-Arctic iyonke.
Kunezifundo eziningi ku-polar bear. Isibonelo, ukusuka ku-2014 kuya ku-2019, izazi zemvelo zaseRosneft zahlola abantu abangaphezu kuka-30
Inkampani kawoyela yethule uhlelo lwezemvelo oluzosetshenziswa kuze kube manje. Izazi zesayensi yenkampani, kanye nososayensi, bahlela ukuthola ukuthi bakusiphi isimo nokuthi izinhlobo eziphambili zezilwane zikhula kanjani e-Arctic. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zifundo, bazokwakha uhlelo lokulondolozwa kokuhlukahluka kwendalo.
Uhlelo lolu luyingxenye yephrojekthi kazwelonke
Uhlelo lolu lwasungulwa kanye noMnyango Wezemvelo waseRussia njengengxenye yephrojekthi kazwelonke "Yezemvelo". Umgomo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthuka okuphephile kwe-Arctic futhi kugcinwe i-ecosystem yayo eyingqayizivele.
- Phakathi koMnyango Wezemvelo Nezomnotho weRussia Federation nenkampani yaseRosneft, kwavunyelwana ngesivumelwano ngokubambisana ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenye yamaphrojekthi. Sikhuluma "ngokulondolozwa kokuhlukahluka kwendalo kanye nokuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha kwezemvelo". Umgomo oyinhloko ukuvikelwa kabusha kwezwe futhi. Isivumelwano okuhloswe ngaso ukubuyisa izinhlobo ezibalulekile zohlaka lwephrojekthi kazwelonke sizosiza ukulondolozwa kobuthakathaka be-Arctic, ”kusho uLyudmila Poplavskaya, isekela lomqondisi wenhlangano yolwazi kanye nokuhlaziya ukuze asekele ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, inhloko yehhovisi lephrojekthi yokulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo eMnyangweni Wezemvelo waseRussia.
Ukuthola ukuthi izinto zise-Arctic, izinkomba zezilwane zizosiza kanjani. Leli bhere elisemaceleni, i-Atlantic walrus, i-reindeer yasendle kanye nomhlophe omhlophe. Ngokusekelwe kwidatha yobuningi babo, ukusatshalaliswa yindawo, ukondleka nokunikezwa kokudla, kuzokwazi ukufinyelela iziphetho ngesimo jikelele se-ecosystem.
Sekukonke, kuhlelwe ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingama-200 zomsebenzi wesimu - lokhu kuyizikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili zokuphuma. Njengoba ihlobo e-Arctic lifushane kakhulu, okokuqala kwalo kufanele kwenzeke maphakathi noJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.Izindawo zomsebenzi ziyisentshonalanga ye-Arctic nengxenye esentshonalanga ye-Arctic esempumalanga.
I-Polar bear - inkomba ye-apex
Ucwaningo lwezinhlobo ezithile lwenziwe ngaphambili. Isibonelo, iRosneft ibuka ibhele elinamakhaza anazo zonke izindlela ezitholakala - ezivela kubaphuki beqhwa, emikhunjini, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane, noma kusuka emkhathini, zisebenzisa iziphuphutheki.
Ibhere elinamakhaza aluhlaza libonisa inkomba yokuphakama, uhlobo lwefulegi elisendaweni ephezulu ye-trophic chain. Ngokuchichima kwayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu, indawo yendawo yedamu nesibalo sabantu, kuzokwazi ukusho ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani e-Arctic iyonke
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014 kuya ku-2019, kwahlolwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-30. Amabhere ayengasebenzi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, aqoqwa amasampula amaningi. Eduze kwezindawo zokugcina amadlozi eziseWrangel Island, kwafakwa izingqapheli zezithombe. Bahlolwa ezilwaneni uqobo, okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola imininingwane ngobusika kanye nokuzalwa kwezalo.
Kulonyaka, ngisho nezimoto zasemoyeni ezingakahlelelwanga ziyahileleka.
- Izifundo eziphuma ngaphandle kanye nensimu zihlelwe ngokususelwa kubuchwepheshe bwanamuhla obukhona. Kuzokhethwa amasampula emvelo yezilwane nezinyoni, azothunyelwa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zaseRussia ukuze ahlaziywe ukuze ahlolwe ukuthi kukhona yini ukungcola. Futhi ezinhlelweni - ukumaka nokuhlanganisa ngokwengeziwe nezinyoni. Imiphumela nemininingwane izoshicilelwa ezincwajaneni ezingasetshenziswa abanye ososayensi emsebenzini, ”kusho iSekela Mlawuli, iNhloko yoMnyango Wezokuphepha, Ezabasebenzi kanye Nezokuvikelwa Kwezokuvikela Ezemvelo kanye Nezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Kwezokuhlola kanye nokukhiqiza kwe-NK PJSC. Rosneft. Elena Lebedeva.
Enye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokubhekisisa izisebe ze-satellite, ezisebenzisa okuningi. Ngabe izilwane zihlangana kanjani nezinto ezinjalo?
Ukuthola ukuthi amabhere we-polar ahlala kanjani ,ondla futhi azalanisa, afaka ama-GPS collars, avame ukuheha amawundlu
- Izilwane zizizwa zingaphazamisi ikholaji egreyidi engu-400 kuphela emahoreni okuqala. Sithola isiphetho esinjalo ngokuziphatha kwabo nokuthi banikina amakhanda. Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu akungenxa yekhola, kodwa imiphumela yokulimala. Emini izilwane zijwayela ngayo futhi ngosuku olulandelayo zifike ekuziphatheni kwemvelo. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yocwaningo, amadivayisi amaningi onakalisiwe. Iyakhishwa lapho izilwane zibhukuda amabanga amade, lapho ungqimba lwamafutha asesibelethweni noma ekhanda luyancipha, khona-ke owesifazana angakhipha ekhanda. Imvamisa, amawundlu anaka leyo nto kunina bese ayigaya, ngenxa yokuthi ikhola ingakhungathekisa, ”kusho u-Ilya Mordvintsev, oyilungu lesayensi yemvelo, umcwaningi ophambili kwi-Institute of Ecology and Evolution Izinkinga zeRussia Academy of Science, usekela oyinhloko yephrojekthi yocwaningo lwePolar.
Funda ukuthi kunamafutha e-walrus
Izifundo zikaWalrus nazo zenziwa phambilini. Ososayensi kanye ne -ologists ze-Rosneft bafunda okungaphezulu kwama-biopsies futhi basebenza ngokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezobuchwepheshe - ukumaka kwesathelayithi kwama-walruse amahlanu.
Ososayensi bazofunda ukuthi yikuphi ukuqhwala emafutheni e-walrus. Ngakho-ke bazoqonda ukuthi isilwane sidla kanjani nokuthi i-Arctic ingcolile kangakanani.
- Lesi sikhathi gxila esifundweni sokuhlinzekwa kokudla kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukudutshulwa kwevidiyo engaphansi kwamanzi kuzokusiza uqonde lapho ama-walrus adla khona ukuze avikele lezi zindawo. I-walrus ebheke kakhulu ukungcoliswa nemiphumela yomsebenzi wezomnotho e-Arctic. Kuyadingeka ukutadisha ushintsho ekuziphatheni, ukuqapha ubukhona bokungcola kwezicubu ezinamafutha. Lolu cwaningo luzokwenzeka eKara naseBarents Seas naseLwandle Laptev, ”kuchaza uNikolai Shabalin, umqondisi omkhulu weCentre for Marine Research eMoscow State University, ongumhleli wokucwaninga ngezinto eziphathelene ne-polar bear.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuningi nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuzofundwa kusetshenziswa izithombe ezisendaweni.
I-Seagull - ibhere elinamakholishi ekushintsheni inyoni
Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwaziswa unogolofu omhlophe ngocwaningo lweRosneft. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile lubhekwa njengengaqondakali kahle. Kodwa-ke, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu le nkampani kanye nezwe lonke, ngoba ama-80% ezindawo ezinendawo yokwakha isidleke asendaweni yaseNovaya Zemlya Island. Ngokusho kososayensi, lezi zinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu zezinyoni ze-Arctic ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushisa komhlaba.
Kunezifundo ezimbalwa kakhulu kwi-white gull eRussia, yize lolu hlobo luthakazelisa ososayensi
- Ukuthola iziphetho ezifundweni ezenziwa phambilini, sathola imibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo. Isibonelo, ukukhala akuhlinzeki ngemininingwane eyanele - asiboni izinyoni ezimakiwe kamuva. Lesi sikhathi sihlela ukusebenzisa abathungathi be-GPS ukulandela umkhondo wokufuduka kwezinyoni. I-seagull iyinkomba ebaluleke kunazo zonke yesimo se-Arctic. Ungasho ukuthi ibhere elikhuhla ngendlela yezinyoni. Kufanele sithole ukuthi idla kuphi, lapho ihlala khona, nokuthi isibalo sezinyoni sithuthuka kanjani. Kuzoba nezithombe zesiphuphutheki - sizothola ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezithanda ukuhlala kule ndawo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungagcini ekunqumeni, kepha futhi ukwahlukanisa ukuthi iziphi izinto ezithonya izinhlobo zemvelo lapho umuntu engenela khona, ”kusho uMaria Gavrilo, Ph.D. kwi-Biology, umcwaningi ophambili e-Arctic nase-Antarctic Research Institute, umholi wephrojekthi ocwaningweni olumhlophe. .
Cishe ama-80% ezinhlobo ahlala eRussia, esiqhingini saseNovaya Zemlya
I-Reindeer uhlobo oluyisihluthulelo lwabantu bomdabu
URosneft uhlela ukufaka isandla esifundweni sezinyamazane, ngoba lolu hlobo lunegugu elikhethekile, elisetshenzisiwe kubo bonke abantu abahlala eNyakatho.
I-Reindeer - izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu bomdabu be-Arctic
- Iphrojekthi inesisekelo esikhulu, futhi manje sizoba namathuba amasha okwenza imisebenzi. I-Reindeer akuyona nje ingxenye ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo yokuphepha kokudla, futhi iyinkomba yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Inani elikhulu labantu lifinyelele isigidi ngasinye, manje selinciphile. Lokhu kuyabethusa bobabili abacwaningi nezinhlangano zezemvelo, ”kwabelana u-Alexander Savchenko, udokotela we-Biological Science, inhloko yomnyango wesayensi yemithombo yokuzingela nokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle, uprofesa eSeberian Federal University, umphathi wephrojekthi wokucwaninga kwezilwane zasendle.
Ukunakekela imvelo kuyinto eza kuqala kwinkampani kawoyela
Njengoba kuphawulwe ngunobhala wezindaba weRosneft PJSC Mikhail Leontyev, ukukhathazeka ngemvelo nemvelo kungumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kaRosneft kuzo zonke izindawo ezenziwa kuwo. Ngokwesu "", inkampani ihlose ukuthatha isikhundla esiphambili emkhakheni wezokuphepha kwezimboni nezemvelo.
- In inkampani yethu, ukunakwa okungathi sína njalo kuhlale kukhokhwe ezibikezelweni zesikhathi eside. Isinyathelo ngasinye kumele sandulelwe ngocwaningo. Lezi zinhlelo zesayensi azikaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Ucwaningo olunjalo aluzange lwenziwe e-Arctic. Kufanele sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithinta ama-bioindicators ama-anthropogenic futhi okungekho. Ngendlela, umthelela we-anthropogenic ungagcini nje ngokuba mubi, kodwa futhi ube nethemba. Manje kubalulekile ngathi ukuthi siqonde imiphumela yokuthi yini okufanele igcinwe nokuthi yini okudingeka ibuyiselwe, ”kugcizelela uMikhail Leontyev.
AbaseNyakatho
Emhlabeni, i-Antarctica ese-mainland kuphela (engafaki indawo engasogwini) ayiphili, zonke ezinye izindawo zingaba kwezinye izindawo ezingaphephile, kepha izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphila zisakhona kuzo. Lezi zindawo zifaka inyakatho yeplanethi - i-Arctic.
Ehlobo, impilo enyakatho ibandakanyeka kakhulu ekuxhashazweni kwabokufika. Phakathi kwazo, okuyinhloko izinyoni. Izinsuku ezinde, ezingapheli zasehlobo, ukukhanya kwelanga, inala yokudla nokuphepha esidlekeni zikhanga lapha kusuka emigodini yaseningizimu yama-goose, swans, waders, amadada. Kepha ihlobo seliphela ngokushesha, futhi manje sidinga ukubuya. Ingxenye yezinyoni indiza iya ezindaweni "zasolwandle", ezifudumele, ezinye kunamanzi angenantethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polar tern angabonakali kangako endiza e-Arctic, ehlula izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha eziya e-Antarctica.
I-Deer, izimpungushe, izimpisi, ama-wolverines athuthela ehlathini-tundra esuka kude neNyakatho Ekude. BangamaNdiya asenyakatho, kepha ngeke bakwazi ukusinda kule tundra nasogwini olunamanzi - bathuthela emngceleni wamahlathi, lapho kulula khona ukondla, lapho umkhuhlane wasebusika ungakhuphuki nomoya. Futhi kusuka emahlathini asenyakatho, izinkabi zezinkunzi kanye nemifantu kufinyelela phakathi komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo. Ngamafuphi, ekuqaleni kobusika iNyakatho Ekude iyaphela. Kepha impilo lapha namanje ayisahambi.
Okumangalisa kakhulu kwabasenyakatho bomdabu ama-lemley wegundane. Bangabathengi abaphambili bokudla okuncane kwezitshalo lapha, futhi, basebenza njengokudla okuyinhloko kwabasenyakatho abaningi: izimpisi, izimpungushe, izimpungushe ze-arctic, amabhere, izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngisho nemifino yemifino - inyamazane nama hares - idla ulamula. Kukhona ulamula. - konke enyakatho kuyachuma. Inani labo lehlile kakhulu - noma ngubani osindiswayo uyakwazi. Okokuqala, ubumqoka babo bonke abadla amagundane kwehla kakhulu. Futhi wonke umuntu uqala ukufuna ukudla!
Izinyoni ezikhuthele zasenyakatho - izikhova ezisolwandle - zindiza zihambe zishiya amakhaya azo ziye eningizimu kuze kufike lapho zingazithola zitholakala khona lapho. Ngo-1943, ngenkathi kushushuluza engadini (esifundeni saseVoronezh), kungazelelwe ngabona isimangaliso esimhlophe esingakaze sibonwe. Isikhova sangivumela ukuba ngihambe cishe ngamamitha ayishumi, ngifunda ngamehlo anombala ophuzi. Ufunde okuningi kamuva, kwakuyisikhova esenyakatho (“u-Snow Granny” igama lakhe ku-Arctic). Ukufuduka kweseningizimu kwesikhova kusho ukuthi inani le-lemmings ezweni lakubo lehla kakhulu ngalowo nyaka. Njalo ngeminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu, izinduku zokuzalela ngokushesha zifinyelela inani lazo bese zibulawa “yindlala nezifo” noma “ziye ndawo”. Kepha inani labo liqala ukukhula ngonyaka olandelayo. Lesi sigqi silandela i-pendulum yempilo yonke yasenyakatho.
Amagundane polar ngokwawo ngabe awasindanga ebusika obunzima ukube bebengazigcinanga ngokudla kwesikhathi esizayo. Bahlala ngentokozo ngaphansi kwengubo yeqhwa le-tundra, bafinyelela inani eliphakeme lamakhulu amathathu ngehektha lomhlaba.
Futhi enkulu kunazo zonke enyakatho - ibhere elinamakhaza - ebusika aliphepheli eningizimu, kodwa enyakatho, eqhweni lolwandle. Abesifazane, noma kunjalo, balala ezindaweni zabo zokulala, kodwa bangangeni ekubandakanyeni, kodwa bamane balale noma bacwile. Amadoda alezi zidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ebusika azulazula ogwini lwe-Arctic Ocean, athole okuthile okuzokusiza lapha, idili, ngokwesibonelo, lapho isidumbu somkhomo siphonswa ngaphandle kwamanzi. Kepha inyamazane yabo eyinhloko iseqhweni.
Ibhere elingumbala liyinzalo yebhere e-brown, efanelwe ukuhlala emhlabeni, kodwa eduze kwamanzi noma kuyo - phakathi kweqhwa. Ungumuntu ohamba ngezinyawo ezinhle, kodwa futhi ubhukuda futhi ushona kahle. Konke kuya kuye ekudleni - amajikijolo, amakhambi kanye nama-lemmings. Ogwini - izidumbu zemikhomo, inhlanzi, ulwelwe, kodwa into esemqoka lezi izilwane ezihlala kuzo ebusika yizimpawu. Amabhere awanakho ukuncintisana kule nyama, sengathi ihloselwe yona kuphela. Amabhere abamba izimbotshana emihlanjeni eqhweni, ezinwabuzelayo ukuze zizibambe eduze kuka-2 noma amathathu. (Baqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ngasikhathi sinye zimboza impumulo yazo emnyama ngewunga.) Izimpawu zokushibilika kulezi imifantu zizophefumula. Kepha uma zingekho, lezi zilwane zenza "umoya" eqhweni - ukugwinya umoya. Ibhere liyazibona lezi zindawo futhi lingalinda ukuthi uphawu luvele amahora amaningi, ukuze kuthi lapho kufika isikhathi esifanele, ngosizo lwe-paws yalo, iphonse isisulu eqhweni.
Amabhere angazulazula eweni, awazibekezeleli izihlobo. Kepha imvamisa ibhere inabalingani - izimpungushe ezingama-arctic kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle, ezithola okuthile etafuleni lomhlaseli. Izinyunyana ezinje akuyona into eyenzeka ngengozi, kepha yinto eyejwayelekile, esekhule ngezinkulungwane zeminyaka eminingi ikhona ezimeni ezinzima.
Ehlobo, ama-walrus angaba sezindleleni zamabhere. (Eduze kwesiQhingi saseWevangel kusuka endizeni ebamba iqhwa, ngabona ngaleso sikhathi ama-walrus elele eweni eqhweni futhi ibhuku libhukuda eduze kwalo.) Lapho sesithole umhlambi wama-walruse emhlabeni, lapho ulele khona amakhulukhulu, efudumeza, ibhere alijahile ukuhlasela - liyawazi amandla e-walrus fangs kahle. Kuhlakaniphe kakhulu ukuhamba phambi komhlambi osesigabeni sokulala nokusabisa. Ngokwethuka, ama-walrus ngokuqinisekile ayochoboza othile, ahlukane. Inyamazane ithathwa kalula ibhere.
Abafowethu abampofu kakhulu e-Far North bayizimpungushe ezibucayi. Impilo encishisiwe yabafundisa ukuba ngabazidelayo nabazidelayo. Kuchuma ehlobo (ama-lemmings, amaqanda enyoni, amaphuphu), izimpungushe ezingama-arctic ngalesi sikhathi zibukeka zingenakuqhathaniswa - izinja ezinsundu, ezingenangqondo kuze kube sekupheleni. (Cishe kusuka ngaphansi kwezinyawo zami, impungushe ye-arctic yadonsa isikhwama sezithombe futhi yahlafunwa okomhlombe wehlombe.) Ebusika, impungushe ye-arctic ayimpofu, kodwa ibukeka kahle. Isikhumba esimhlophe nesibhakabhaka senza kube yinto efiselekayo yabazingeli. Ngenxa yezikhumba ze-foctic fox, zihlala ogwini ezindaweni ezivunguza ngomoya obandayo.
Esinye isakhamuzi “esiboshwe” enyakatho yinkabi yemaskandi. Kukholakala ukuthi wake wahlala ngasogwini lonke lwe-Arctic Ocean, kepha waxoshwa, manje usephinde wasuka ogwini lwaseCanada e-Alaska nalapha eTaimyr naseWrangel Island. Kunzima ukucabanga isidalwa esimnene futhi esinganciphisi izimo zokuphila. Izinkabi zeMusk zihlala lapho kungabonakala khona ukuthi ngeke kuphinde kuhlale khona: isithwathwa, umoya obandayo futhi awukwazi ukubona noma yini engafakwa izinyo. Kepha manje umoya wawuphephetha iqhwa usuka egqumeni, kwafunyanwa isigaxa sotshani obunqabile, obomile - lokhu sekwanele ngenkabi yemask. Badla, bahlangana ngamaqembu amathathu, amahlanu, aze afinyelela ezinhlwini eziyikhulu. Kumuntu, izinkabi zemask ziyisisulu esilula, kepha imvelo ifundise izinkabi ukuthi zivikeleke kuzimpisi: zimi embuthanweni (izingane eziphakathi kwawo) zibeka izimpondo ngokuqhamukayo futhi zibukhali njengesiqongo ezibhekise ezimpondweni. Izimpisi ezi polar ziyawazi amandla ezikhali. Ukusuka eCanada, ama-muskoxes asetshenzisiwe kabusha ayakwazi ukusinda futhi aphindaphinde lapho laba bantu abazingelayo besondele.
Phakathi kwabafudukayo, ama-muskrats kufanele futhi ashiwo. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika, lezi zilwane ezweni lethu sezithathe izimpande cishe yonke indawo, kubandakanya nenyakatho. Endizeni enophephela emhlane engenhla kwechibi eduze komfula woMfula iKolyma, ngakhombisa abashayeli bezindiza izindiza ezinhle kakhulu zeqhwa. “Ama-Muskrats! - umshayeli wendiza wamemeza endlebeni yami. Baphila - abashayi kumadevu. Sengathi bahlala lapha. ”
Masibize omunye osenyakatho - umkhomo osewumkhonto. Izinhlobo eziningana zemidondoshiya yasolwandle esuka kude isiya enyakatho iyokondla (i-Arctic Ocean inothile kakhulu kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.) Kepha ebusika, imikhomo, njengezinyoni, ibalekela eningizimu emanzini afudumele. Futhi i-whale yaseGreenland kuphela engaguquli inyakatho, ihlala, nokho, lapho iqhwa lingavimbeli ekuntantazelweni - ukuphefumula.
Kunenye futhi into enyakatho - inhlanzi iDallia, ehlala ezimeni ezingabonakala ingahambelani nempilo. Babhala ukuthi iDallia ihlobene nezinhlanzi ze-salmon, kepha ibukeka njenge-rotan manje eseyijwayelekile kubantu abaningi - umbala ofanayo osabekayo-omnyama, mayelana nosayizi ofanayo kanye nokukhuthazela okufanayo - isigamu sosuku esibandayo singalwenza ngaphandle komoya-mpilo. Ngikhumbula lo msakazi ohlukile wasenyakatho uSavva Mikhailovich Uspensky - "mfune eChukotka". Kepha ngabona iDallia e-Alaska. Ukunambitheka akubalulekile - ama-Eskimos adla le nhlanzi yezinja, futhi kososayensi, ubungqabavu beDallia buyimfihlakalo enkulu.
Zonke izilwane ezisezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zokuba ngandlela thile zivumelane nezimo ngale ndlela. Enyakatho, ukuze usinde, umuntu kufanele aqale “ukugqoka ngokufudumele”. Ibhere elinamakhaza linezingubo ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvikelwe kumakhaza ngamafutha. Futhi izintende zezandla zakhe, ukuze zingabi yiqhwa, ziye zimbozwe izinwele. Izinkabi zeMusk zingukubambana nesithwathwa ngenxa yoboya obufudumele obuhlukile (izinwele zilukhuni ngaphezulu, futhi zijulile - izinwele ezinde ezinde). Ama-reindeer anejazi elihlukile loboya. Kuyo, izinwele ngayinye inesiteshi ngaphakathi. Uboya asemzimbeni wenyamakazi bubumba umgede womoya ongahambisani nokushisa. Futhi imilenze yemingcele ye-tundra imbozwe izimpaphe - kubonakala sengathi izinyoni zihamba eqhweni ngamabhuzu azwayo. Futhi wonke umuntu ohlala enyakatho ubelokhu ebamba ukushisa kusukela azalwa. Ezinyameni, ithole elisuka esibelethweni sikamama liwa ngokushesha eqhweni - futhi akukho lutho, olusindayo.
Ngombala, izakhamizi zasenyakatho nazo zivumelaniswa nemvelo. Ibhele limhlophe (ngokunembe kakhudlwana, ukhilimu noma ngaphuzi kancane), amabala asemakhazeni ngokuqinisekile aqothuka futhi abe mhlophe qhwa ngebusika. Enyakatho ne-Alaska yethu, ngabona ama-tundra emigwaqweni ebusika nasehlobo. Ehlobo, amaplamu abo ahlangana nokuhlukahluka kwe-tundra. Futhi ebusika, ngiyakhumbula, safika endizeni encane edolobhaneni laseNdiya, sabona amatshana ambozwe iqhwa.Lapho indiza ime, "amaflethi" wonke asuka ngasikhathi sinye futhi anyamalala ku-muslin yokuwa kweqhwa. Ngabe amabala wedolobho adinga ukuguqula ukufihlakala? Ngazo zonke izindlela! Enyakatho nasebusika, kusinda enkulu kunazo zonke kuma-falcons, i-gyrfalcon. Futhi amabanga aphakathi komhlaba adla izitha zakhe eziphambili (kaningi okuwukuphela kwazo) ebusika. Futhi izimpisi ezisenyakatho zinombala omhlophe, futhi izimpungushe zase-Arctic nazo, futhi hares azishintshi zibe mhlophe ehlobo. Ama-hares endawo anesici esisodwa: aba yikholamu - abheke nxazonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emilenzeni emibili bajwayela nokugijima.
Yini esongela lo mbuna wasendle?
Ngeshwa, ochwepheshe beza eziphethweni ezidumazayo - inani lezinyamazane zasendle liyehla kuzo zonke izifunda ezisenyakatho yezwe. Manje eRussia kunabantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane ezingama-900, futhi emashumini ambalwa edlule kwakukhona cishe isigidi nesigamu. Kodwa-ke, uma umkhuba omubi uqhubeka, ngokushesha izilwane zingaba ziningi izikhathi ezincane.
Lolu hlobo lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu yeRiphabhulikhi yaseKarelia, incwadi ebomvu yesifunda saseMurmansk iqukethe abantu okuthiwa bangasentshonalanga. Izinsongo ezinkulu kuma-artiodactyls ukuzingela nokuzingela okungalawulwa, kanye nokungapheleli kohlaka lomthetho olawula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzingela lesi silo esinomusa. Isibonelo, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke lamaTaimyr emhlabeni licishe lachuma kule minyaka eyishumi ngokufanelekile ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile. Ukuzingela kwenziwa ngokwephula imigomo ekhona, amavolumu nezindlela zokukhishwa.
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamafutha negesi kusongela nokuphila kwezilwane. Amapayipi, imigwaqo, kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezakhiwa ngokushesha e-tundra kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwezinkathi ezithile futhi kungaholela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ngokuphelele kwezinye izifunda.
Ngokuqondene nezitha eziphambili zesilo ku-tundra, lezi yizimpisi nama-wolverines. Zilandela ngokoqobo izithende, zihlasele abasha, hhayi abantu abaqinile nezilwane ezindala. Izimpisi, njengomthetho, ziwazingele ngepakethe, futhi ama-wolverines, amancane kakhulu kunezihlwathi ngokwazo, angazinqoba zodwa. Izilwane eziningi zibulawa yizifo, kubandakanya i-anthrax, amarabi, ama-helminthiases we-etiologies ahlukahlukene.
Ungayigcina kanjani i-reindeer yasendle
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inkinga enkulu ukuntuleka kohlelo oluhlangene lokuqapha izinhlobo zezilwane. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo lwezindiza ezinkulu ngokwendlela eyodwa ngokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe abanolwazi. Imininingwane etholakele izosiza ekuhloleni ngokuphelele isimo sezilwane futhi ivumele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulondolozwa kwayo.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ochwepheshe bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okuningilizwe okwengeziwe ngezinsongo ezikhona zomuntu ngamunye ku-Arctic yaseRussia (futhi kukhona abangaba ngamashumi amabili kubo), kuthi ngemuva kwalokho bazoqala ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenzisana oluzobhekana nalokhu ukunciphisa lezi zinsongo.
Ukuheha ukunakwa kweziphathimandla hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi nabo bonke abahlali bezindawo ezise-Arctic ezinkingeni zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo kungenye inhloso yeSikhwama. Kungakho ngonyaka ka-2016 esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, ngokuqala kwe-WWF, kwaqhamuka iholide elisha - iReindeer Day, eseyihlanganise izinkulungwane zabantu abasenyakatho. Kugujwa ngoFebhuwari 17th.
Izithiyo zokwakha - amapayipi ka-oyili negesi, inethiwekhi yemigwaqo, ukuhola izihlahla, ukuqhekeka eqhweni ku-Yenisei ukwelula ukuzulazula - vimba izindlela zokuhamba zezimvu. Kepha into esemqoka ukuthi ukuzingela kusongela izilwane. Lapho uwela khona amanzi, izimpondo zinqunywa ezilwaneni eziphilayo ukuze zivune imikhiqizo yezinyosi.
Ngemuva kokusika izimpondo, izinyamazane zivame ukufa. Ukusuka kwizilwane ezingama-80,000 kuya kwezingu-100 000 ziyafa unyaka nonyaka kubantu. Abazingeli be-snowmobile balandelela futhi babambe amachibi ezilwane eqhweni ngenkathi bewela, bawahambisa endaweni eseceleni ngaphansi kogu, lapho izimpondo zinqunywa khona, ziphonsa amakhanda, izikhumba nokufakwa ngaphakathi.
Ukuvikela izilwane ekudutshulweni okungekho emthethweni, iWorld Wide Fund for Nature, kanye neziphathimandla nabezomthetho, benza izisulu zokulwa nokuzingela, lapho kuvela imininingwane egqamile. Ngeshwa, lobu bugebengu obunzima kunzima ukubuveza. Kodwa-ke, iWorld Wildlife Fund iyaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi ihlose ukuheha ohulumeni bezifunda zasenyakatho ukuba babe nesimo sengqondo sokuphikisana nezinhlobo ezingandile.