Spider Spider - Jumping Champion * I-Arthropods

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Akumangazi ukuthi izicabucabu zamahhashi (noma izicabucabu zamahhashi) zibhekwa njengemangaliso yomhlaba wesishiyagalombili. Yize kunjalo, imvelo yavuza lezi zilwane ngekhono eliyisimangaliso elalingafani nezingane ezifunda nazo. Ngakho-ke lezi spider zikwazi ukwenzani?

Isicabucabu Samahhashi (Salticidae).

Isicabucabu esigxuma sigxuma ngamasentimitha angama-60 futhi singakwazi ukukhasa engilazini. Lezi "ngokungaphezu kwekhono" zanikeza udumo emhlabeni jikelele wesicabucabu!

Umbono omuhle kakhulu nendawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa yenza ukuthi izicabucabu zingabonakali futhi zihlukile.

Ukubukeka Kwama-Spider Spider

Hhayi ngenxa yokubonga okungakholeki, ungayibona le arthropod enhle. Amehlo amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu - lokhu kungenye into emangalisayo yalezi zilwane. Ngosizo lwamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, isilwane singakwazi ukwahlukanisa imibala nemilo yezinto. Umugqa ophakathi umelwe ngamehlo amancane futhi utholakala maphakathi nekhanda. Amehlo amabili amakhulu atholakala ekhoneni langemuva lekhanda.

Amehlo ahlukaniswe ngokumangalisayo avumela isicabucabu ukuba sibone yonke into eseduze.

Umbala namaphethini emzimbeni wesigcawu ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ikhanda lesicabucabu lide, lihlukaniswe ngepogo encane esifubeni.

Ahlala kuphi izicabucabu zamahhashi?

Ungahlangana nabo yonke indawo. Izindawo zokuhlala ezivame kakhulu amahlathi ashisayo, ugwadule olunesiqingatha, ugwadule nezintaba.

Ngo-1975, enye yezinhlobo zalezi zicabucabu yaqala ukutholakala esiqongweni sase-Everest! Ihhashi elivamile lesicabucabu lithanda ukugcotshwa yilanga, ngakho-ke livame ukutholakala ezindongeni zezitini. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho: lungela ukuhlangana nezicabucabu zamahhashi ngisho nasengadini! Otshanini, emhlabathini, ezihlahleni nasemadwaleni - bakulindile yonke indawo!

Indlela Yokuphila, Ukudla Okondlayo Nokuziphatha

Lawa arthropods ahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke esebenzayo. Isikhathi esiningi sinikezelwe ekuzingeleni. Ngenxa yomsebenzi okhethekile we-hydraulic, angakhulisa imilenze yawo futhi agxume amabanga amade. Kepha noma kunjalo, izicabucabu zihlala zizivikela ngokumelene negxuma ngokunamathisela intambo yazo kasilika endaweni lapho zifuna ukuya khona.

Izinwele ezincane nezinzipho kuma-paws zinikeza izicabucabu amandla okuhambahamba ngengilazi nezinye izindawo ezishelelayo. Lesi spider sizingela futhi njengabo bonke abanye! I-steed ayibeki amanetha futhi ayilindi inyamazane, ithatha isinyathelo sayo emahlangeni ayo bese izingela khona lapho igxuma. Ubude be-jumper bungadlula ubude bomzimba wesilwane amahlandla angama-80.

Ebantwini, lezi zicabucabu aziyona neze ingozi.

Ngamehlo akhe amangalisayo, ubona inyamazane imbambe ngemuva kwakhe. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi babona ingxenye yemibala. Ucacisa ngokucacile ibanga lesisulu futhi abale ukubala kwakhe ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka. I-retina kulezi zilwane itholakala ngendlela engajwayelekile: izingqimba ezi-4 zamangqamuzana ezinzwa, esinye sazo esinama-receptors aluhlaza, akwenzile. Umbala oluhlaza awusoze wagxila, ngakho-ke isithombe sesigcawu simfushane.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu kubonakala kungathandeki, izilwane zingakwazi ukubala ngokunembile ibanga laso. Lesi isilwane esiyingqayizivele ngempela. Isixazululo esinjalo sobunjiniyela ekuzingeleni asikaze sisetshenziswe ngaphambili, ngakho-ke ipatent inganikezwa ngokuphephile izicabucabu zamahhashi.

I-spider-Horse linikezwe amandla okumboza amabanga amade ngokwalo ngosizo lwe-gxuma.

Amahhashi abhekwa njengabameleli abahlakaniphe kakhulu be-arthropods, ngoba ubukhulu bobuchopho babo buhlobene nomzimba, njengasebantwini.

Lezi zilwane zidla ngokwemvelo izinambuzane.

Umbhalo wevidiyo

Lapha ungabona ukuthi izilwane zihlala kanjani, izitha,
izinambuzane, izinyoka, izakhamizi zolwandle olujulile, umhlaba nolwandle, izilwane, amaqiniso, ividiyo mayelana nokuziphatha kwezilwane okungajwayelekile, ividiyo enhle ngomhlaba wezilwane zasendle nokudalwa kwayo.

Ihhashi lesicabucabu esithombeni livame ukubonakala njengokudalwa okuhle okumangalisayo kosayizi abaphakathi kwesinambuzane, noma kunjalo, ungathatha isithombe esinjalo ngokwanda okuningi, ngoba ubukhulu behhashi abudluli usayizi wohlamvu lwemali.

Akumangazi ukuthi izicabucabu zamahhashi (noma izicabucabu zamahhashi) zibhekwa njengemangaliso yomhlaba wesishiyagalombili. Yize kunjalo, imvelo yavuza lezi zilwane ngekhono elimangalisayo okwakungelona uphawu lwabantu ezifunda nabo.

Isicabucabu esigxuma sigxuma ngamasentimitha angama-60 futhi singakwazi ukukhasa engilazini. Lezi "ngokungaphezu kwekhono" zanikeza udumo emhlabeni jikelele wesicabucabu! Umbono omuhle kakhulu nendawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa yenza ukuthi izicabucabu zingabonakali futhi zihlukile.

Hhayi ngenxa yokubonga okungakholeki, ungayibona le arthropod enhle. Amehlo amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu - lokhu kungenye into emangalisayo yalezi zilwane.

Amehlo amane amakhulu angena emgqeni wokuqala, awanamehlo kuphela abukhali, kepha futhi ahamba kakhulu futhi avumela izicabucabu ukuba zihlukanise futhi zihlolisise ukwakheka kwezinto, kanye nombala wazo. Amehlo amabili emaphethelweni anikezela ngombono obanzi. Umugqa wesibili uqukethe amehlo amabili amancane kakhulu futhi utholakala maphakathi nekhanda. Lo mbhangqwana wokugcina utholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, eduze nesihlonyana, futhi unikeza intaba ukubonakala okungu-360 °

Ngamehlo akhe amangalisayo, ubona inyamazane imbambe ngemuva kwakhe. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi babona ingxenye yemibala. futhi ichaze ngokucacile ibanga kulowo ohlukunyezwayo.

I-retina kulezi zilwane itholakala ngendlela engajwayelekile: izingqimba ezi-4 zamangqamuzana ezinzwa, esinye sazo esinama-receptors aluhlaza ngokuphelele. Umbala oluhlaza awusoze wagxila, ngakho-ke isithombe sesigcawu simfushane.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu kubonakala kungathandeki, izilwane zingakwazi ukubala ibanga lesisulu kulo ngokunemba. Isixazululo esinjalo sobunjiniyela ekuzingeleni asikaze sisetshenziswe ngaphambili, ngakho-ke ipatent inganikezwa ngokuphephile izicabucabu zamahhashi.

Lawa arthropods ahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke esebenzayo. Isikhathi esiningi sinikezelwe ekuzingeleni. Ngenxa yomsebenzi okhethekile we-hydraulic, angakhulisa imilenze yawo futhi agxume amabanga amade. Kodwa noma kunjalo, izicabucabu zihlala zizivikela ngokumelana negxuma ngokunamathisela intambo yazo kasilika endaweni lapho zifuna ukuhlala khona, futhi izinwele nezinwele ezincane ezinamakhwapha zazo zinikeza izicabucabu ithuba lokuhamba zizungeze ingilazi nezinye izindawo ezishelelayo.

Isigcawu esigxumayo sizingela kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini. Akazibeki amanethiwekhi futhi awalindi inyamazane, isicabucabu simane nje sithathe isinyathelo kuzipoko zaso futhi sizingele nje ukugxuma. Ubude be-jumper bungadlula ubude bomzimba wesilwane amahlandla angama-80.

Ngokuhlala ubusuku nje ukhetha indawo engenakuqhathaniswa futhi agqoke okuthile okufana nombhede kuwebhu, futhi ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga uyahamba ayozingela inyamazane. Kusebenzisa izitho zombono eziyisishiyagalombili, isicabucabu, ngaphandle kokunyakaza, sibheka indawo esiseduze nomakhelwane sivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ebona isisulu, unquma ngokunembile ibanga ukusuka kuso. Njengoba ususondele, wenza ukutsiba kombani futhi kweqe inyamazane. Nge-chelicerae, i-jumper ingenisa emzimbeni wobuthi obunambuzane obuthakathaka kanye nejusi yokugaya ukudla, efaka izingaphakathi lapho idla khona. Ukudla kwe-jumper kufaka: izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpukane, omiyane nomiyane, ama-aphid engadini, kanye nezimbungulu ezincane.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ihhashi elishisayo lithanda ukudla kuphela omiyane besifazane, isisu saso esinamagazi. Uziba abesilisa. Lokhu kubonisa izintandokazi zokudla ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthropod azithandi.

Izicabucabu ezishayayo ziyimiyalo yemvelo. Zidla ezinambuzaneni ezincane futhi ziyakwazi ukususa indawo yengadi yezinambuzane eziningi, kunciphisa isidingo sokufafaza izitshalo. Banokuthula okukhulu futhi abasoze baluma umuntu. Ama-Horsebacks awabi yingozi ngoba awanobuthi. futhi ama-cheliceurs abo awakwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba somuntu.
Lezi zicabucabu nazo ziyizidalwa ezihehayo, futhi uma uhlangana nalo mngane ngenkathi esalangeni elangeni odongeni lwendlu, uzokwazi ukuthi amehlo akhe aphendukele kuwe. futhi uyokulangazelela futhi angakhathali ukukubheka ngamehlo akhe ayisishiyagalombili.

Ngabe izicabucabu zamahhashi zizalela kanjani?

Izinhlobo eziningi zezicabucabu zamahhashi ngaphambi kokuzalela zihlela imikhosi yangempela yokuzalela. Bashaya kancane imizimba yabo ngezihlakala zangaphambili. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzala, insikazi ibekela amaqanda endaweni ekhethekile, eyilungiselela lokhu. Intambo kasilika ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha ikhaya. Yilapho, imvamisa, lapho insikazi ibekela amaqanda. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda agcinwa ngaphansi kwamatshe, ngaphansi kwegxolo, endaweni eno-silk noma ezitshalweni.

Ivelu ku-ecosystem

Amahhashi ahlelekile kahle ezingadini zemifino nasezingadini. Zidla izinyamazane, ngakho-ke zisiza abalimi ukuba bagcine ingadi yabo iqinile. Ngenxa yosizo lwabo, kuzofanela ufafaze imibhede yakho amahlandla ambalwa!

Bayizilwane ezinokuthula kakhulu, futhi ngeke zilume umuntu. Amahhashi nawo afuna ukwazi kakhulu: uma uhlangana nalo mngane ngenkathi ehamba elangeni eludongeni lwendlu, uzokwazi ukuthi amehlo akhe aphendukele kuwe. Uyokulangazelela futhi angakhathali ukukubheka ngamehlo akhe.

Lezi zicabucabu ziphephile ngokuphelele kubantu, ngakho-ke ungazithatha ngokuphepha futhi nangaphezu kwalokho - zingadliwa izitshalo zezitshalo ngama-tweezers!

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ihhashi lesicabucabu seligcwele kuwo wonke umhlaba osenyakatho. Amehlo alesi spider ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu - phambi kwamehlo amane, emuva amabili - unombono omuhle kakhulu

Uhlobo / Izinhlobo – ISalticus Scionik. Isicabucabu sehhashi (bheka isithombe)

Ubude bomzimba: insikazi - 6 mm, owesilisa - 5 mm.

Umumo nombala: umbala omnyama onemivimbo emhlophe esiswini.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana: imvamisa ngenkathi efudumele.

Inani lobumbano: insikazi ibekela amaqanda kanye ngonyaka.

Okudingayo: izinambuzane ezincane, njengezimpukane, omiyane, izintuthwane, nezimbungulu ezahlukahlukene.

Iskhathi sempilo: Iminyaka engu-2-3 ekuthunjweni, emvelweni - ayaziwa. Abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside.

Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, izinhlobo ze-2 zesigcawu ziyatholakala. Izicabucabu zomndeni weSalticus zinomzimba omkhulu, ombozwe ngesembozo esiminyene. I-Spider-spider-spider-spider, esikhundleni sokubamba inyamazane yi-web, iyibheka kusuka ekuqamekeleni, bese igxumela phezulu kwayo. Ngaphambi kokugxuma, lesi sicabucabu sinamathisela iwebhu "yezokuphepha". Ihhashi lesicabucabu libonakala kahle ngenxa yemicu emhlophe eshintshayo esiswini.

YINI UKUDLA

Onke amalungu alo mndeni azingela ntambama. I-spider-horse idla izimpukane, omiyane, izicabucabu, izimbungulu nezinye izinambuzane ezincane. Amaqhinga wokuzingela izicabucabu eziningi afanayo: aphonsa iwebhu eqinile futhi alinde kuze kube yilapho isisulu ngokwaso singena enetheni. Isicabucabu samahhashi sinombono omuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke yena ulandela inyamazane. Kancane kancane futhi ngokucophelela, usondela kuye ohlukunyeziwe. Isicabucabu sinqoba amasentimitha okugcina ngokugxuma okushesha kombani futhi sibambe inyamazane ngezihlakala zayo zangaphambili. UChelicera ubhoboza ubuciko bomzimba wakhe bese elimaza ubuthi. Ngaphambi kokugxuma ngakunye, usebenzisa i-cobweb njengomshuwalense, ngemuva kokunamathisela esithelweni. Uma i-spider-ihhashi ingabali ibanga lesisulu kahle, khona-ke imane ibambelele kuwebhu, okuthi, ngeshwa, lube mnyama kakhulu kunensimbi yobukhulu obufanayo.

Ukusikisela

Njengabameli bezinye izinhlobo, owesilisa walesi spider ufinyelela ebusheni ngaphambi kowesifazane. Efisa ukuthola uthando lwayo, wenza umdanso oyinkimbinkimbi wokuqhathanisa. Owesilisa unyakazisa izinyawo zakhe, iziyingi phambi kowesifazane onezimpawu zokuphakama, ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka aqhamuke futhi azame ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthola ukunaka kwakhe. Imidanso yomshado yenziwa yibo bonke abamele lo mndeni. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi owesilisa weSalticus Scenicus, athathwe, akaboni ukuthi udansa phambi komunye wesilisa. Kulokhu, kungaba nokuqina okukhulu phakathi kwabo. Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uthola insikazi, ebisathwelwe ngemicu ye-silky web ngaphambi kwe-molt yokugcina. Kulokhu, i-spider-horse lihlala eduze kwakhe, bese lilinda ngesineke kuze kube yilapho insikazi ifinyelela ekukhuleni. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, amaduna afukamela imisebe engunxande lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amaconsi embewu. Ngemuva kwalokho ubhabhisa ama-pedipalps emthonjeni bese uwathobisa ngesidoda. Kungemva kwalokho kuphela lapho owesilisa edlulisa isidoda emzimbeni womlingani. Ihhashi lesicabucabu sowesifazane lifaka ukhukhunathi omkhulu kuwebhu bese lifaka amaqanda kulo. Uqapha ngokucophelela i-clutch kuze kube yilapho amawundlu eqandusela emaqanda.

Incazelo Yomndeni

Omunye wemindeni omkhulu kunayo yonke. Kubandakanya ukuzalwa okungama-610. Izicabucabu zamahhashi zivamile embulungeni yonke. Abamele enye yezinhlobo zalo mndeni batholakala ngisho nase-Everest, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6 700. Okwenziwe yilungu elincane lomndeni wakwaSalticidae eqhweni laphakade. Azame ukuzama ukwehlela phezulu.

Abantu kungenzeka ukuthi abalungile impela, kodwa futhi bakhombisa ubuciko bawo wonke amalungu omndeni, igama elithi “isicabucabu esine-spider”.

Ukubukeka komndeni kuhluke kakhulu: kusuka kwisicabucabu sepikoko kuye kwehhashi kulingisa abamele be-Myrmarachninae engaphansi. Amasayizi nawo ahluka kusuka ku-3 mm kuya ku-2.2 cm.

Ukubukeka kweMyrmarachninae

Igama le-subfamily lihunyushwa ngokuthi "lifana nentuthwane." Lapho ubheka isithombe sesicabucabu samahhashi sezinhlobo i-Myrmarachne plataleoides, umqondo wembovane eguqukayo ufika engqondweni uma kungowesilisa. Izilingisa zabesifazane ngaphansi kwentuthwane eluka.

Lolu hlobo luhlala eThailand.

I-chelicera yesilisa ithuthukile ngokuqinile phambili, kanti isicabucabu sinokuvela okusongela, yize kungenangozi kubantu.

I-Myrmarachne inermichelis ngokuvamile ayihlukile ngaphandle ezintuthwaneni. I-Myrmarachne formicaria ifana nentuthwane evela ku-movie eyethusayo. Lolu hlobo lubanzi kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Europe futhi lungezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezicabucabu zamahhashi ezivela endaweni engaphansi kweMyrmarachninae ehlala ngaphandle kwendawo eshisayo.

Zonke izicabucabu ze-Myrmarachninae zincane futhi azikwazi ukubhekana nezitha. Zilingisa ngaphansi kwezintuthwane ukuze zingabi inyamazane yezinyoni noma iminyovu. Ukulingisa kwahamba kakhulu kangangokuba la mahhashi aze aba nezinkinga ku-cephalothorax, alingisa ukwakheka komzimba kantuthwane. Ubungako bama-arthropods ngu-3-7 mm. Eminye imihlaba yonke iyizicabucabu zamahhashi ezejwayelekile, kepha ungabona kuphela ukwakheka kwawo kweqiniso ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Isakhiwo

Zonke izicabucabu ze-jumpers zinezimbambo ezi-4 zamehlo, ezitholakala emigqeni emi-3. Umugqa wokuqala uhlinzeka ngokubuka konke phambili. Izimbhangqwana ezijwayelekile zikhulu kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa lo mbhangqwana, isicabucabu singahlukanisa phakathi kwemibala nokwakheka kwento. Amehlo amabili emaphethelweni anikezela ngombono obanzi.

Umugqa wesibili uqukethe amehlo amabili amancane kakhulu futhi utholakala maphakathi nekhanda. Lo mbhangqwana wokugcina ubekwe emuva kwekhanda, eduze nesihlalo sesifuba. Lo mbhangqwana uhlinzeka intaba ngokubonakala okungu-360 °. Isakhiwo esikhethekile se-retina sikuvumela ukukala ibanga lesisulu.

Njengoba izicabucabu ezigxumayo zingabazingeli abasebenzayo, zinamehlo akhule kahle.

I-Cephalothorax idlula ububanzi. I-cephalothorax ngokwayo ifana negeji elisesimweni: lithambile ngemuva futhi iphakanyiswe ngokuqinile engxenyeni engaphandle.

Ngokuzingela okusebenzayo, i-steed ithole uhlelo lokuphefumula lwe-bimodal: inama-tracheas namaphaphu. Ingqondo yale arthropod ingenye enkulu kunazo zonke izicabucabu.

Eqa umshini

Isigcawu esigxumayo sigxuma, sisebenzisa hhayi amandla omzimba kuphela. Idivayisi yama-paws ayo ifakelwe umshini we-hydraulic. Ngaphambi kokugxuma, isheya linganweba imilenze yalo ngenxa yezinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi. Ngenxa yalomshini, ihhashi ligxuma amabanga adlula kakhulu usayizi womzimba walo.

Ukuzala

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomndeni, indlela yokuziphatha ngesikhathi sokuzala iyafana: iduna lizishaya lodwa ngezihlakala zangaphambili zomzimba ophakanyisiwe. Uma kukhona abesilisa abaningana, lo mncintiswano uwinwa yilabo abanamadlingozi amakhulu.

Abagibeli abadingi umshuwalense kuphela. Owesifazane uyisebenzisa njengezinto zokwakha ikhaya lakhe. Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlala, isicabucabu sikhetha isikhala ngaphansi kwamatshe noma izimpande zesihlahla. Njengoba inezindlu ezihlomile, insikazi ibeka amaqanda futhi izivikele kuze kubonakale amazinyane.

Izicabucabu ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokubopha ziqala ukuzingela, zingadingi mama.Ngalesi sizathu, insikazi isuswa masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenzalo. Ngemuva kokukhula okumbalwa okuncane kufinyelela ekukhuleni. Amahhashi ahlala ngokwesilinganiso unyaka owodwa.

Ingozi ebantwini

Abagibeli banomlingiswa ongenamikhawulo. Ihhashi alithandi ukubalekela ingozi. Noma umcindezela, ugijimisa emuva ibanga elithile bese ebheka ngapha nangapha, ngokuzuma ngemuva kwakhe.

Kubantu, azikho izinhlobo ezivela emndenini wamahhashi eziyingozi. Lama-arthropods angathathwa ngokuphepha.

Lapho ubamba intaba kunobungozi bokulimaza isilwane uqobo.

Ama-Horsebacks awabi yingozi ngoba awanobuthi. I-chelicera yabo ayikwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba somuntu. Ama-arachnophiles amaningi agcina lezi zicabucabu ekhaya. Noma isilwane sibaleka, ngeke sithuse muntu futhi ngeke silimaze muntu.

Ihhashi elijwayelekile lesicabucabu, noma isicabucabu se-zebra (i-lat. I-saltikis sanikis), singesomndeni wama-spider-amahhashi (lat. Salticidae). Lolu hlobo lwande kabanzi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe.

Amahhashi esicabucabu abhekwa njengezihlakaniphi zangempela. Phakathi kwabo basebenzise uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuxhumana ngosizo lwama-pedipals kanye nambili lemilenze. Njengamanje, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuchaza kabanzi amasiginali angaphezu kwama-20 asetshenziswe yilezi spider ukudlulisa imininingwane.

Ukuba khona kwamehlo amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili kubanikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu we-binocular, obenza bakwazi ukuthola inyamazane ngokunembile. Abagcini nje ngokubona ukukhanya okuningana, kepha futhi bayakwazi ukwahlukanisa imibala, okuyivelakancane kakhulu emhlabeni wezinambuzane.

Ukubhebhetheka

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zihlala ezindaweni zombili zezindawo ezifudumele nezesimo sezulu. Bazizwa bekhulu emahlathini, emasimini ngisho nasemadolobheni amakhulu. Hlala ngokungesabi endaweni yokuhlala yabantu, ukhethe izindawo ezikhanyiswe yilanga.

Babona impilo ezintabeni. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, eHimalaya ayakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme aze afike ku-5000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ebuka ilukuluku labakhweli abangenazo izikebhe eziwela phezulu.

Ukuziphatha

Ihhashi lesicabucabu lincamela ukuhola impilo yodwa. Uzingela kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, echitha ubusuku bonke endaweni yokukhosela eseceleni, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kube ukuqhekeka kwesihlahla noma emfantwini edwaleni. Ebusuku uluka imbuzane, alala kuyo kamnandi kuze kuse. Isimo sezulu esingesihle, angachitha izinsuku eziningana lapho, elinde ngesineke izimo ezifanele zokuzingela.

Ukuphuma endaweni yokukhosela ekuseni, isicabucabu siqala ukufudumala elangeni bese kuthi ngemuva kokushisa kahle, siqale ukudoba. Amahhashi ahlukaniswa yisibindi sawo sangaphakathi futhi abaleka kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile, ahlala ephendulela amakhanda abo abheke emuva kulowo obaxoshayo.

Izandla ezikhuliswe kahle azibavumeli nje kuphela ukuba bagijime ngokushesha, kodwa futhi ngokungakhathali ukuze bagxume, cishe izikhathi ezingama-20 ubukhulu bomzimba. Ngaphambi kokugxuma ngakunye, isicabucabu sinamathisela intambo yokuphepha kuleso sisekelo ukuze sigweme ukuwa ngengozi.

Umbono we-Binocular uyamvumela ukuthi anqume ngokunembile impela ibanga lokufika kwesayithi, ngakho-ke ukungaphumeleli okungaphumeleli akuvamile kakhulu. Endizeni, isicabucabu sihlala silulela phambili izandulelo, ezithuthukiswa kangcono kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.

Isicabucabu sibona ukunyakaza okuncane okuzungeza ngokwaso kubonga ngamabili amathathu wamehlo asezinhlangothini ze-cephalothorax. Ngokubona isisulu ngosizo lwabo, uphendukisa ikhanda kuye.

Amehlo amabili amakhulu angaphambili anquma ngokunembile ibanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyamazane inyathela kancane isisulu ivela ohlangothini noma emuva. Ukusondela ngokwanele, wenza gxuma elisheshayo lombani nemilenze yakhe ihlukaniswe. Izimbambo zokuqala zombili zibamba isisulu ngokuqinile, bese abaseshi begqekeza isembozo sokuvuvukala, bafake umjovo wobuthi namanzi okugaya emzimbeni wakhe.

Ubuthi ezinambuzaneni basebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi kubantu ayinangozi ngokuphelele.

Amajusi okugaya ukudla asheshe aguqule amathumbu wezinyamazane abe yi-slurry ewuketshezi esidonsayo isiphuzo ngokudla. Ukudla kwezicabucabu zamahhashi kufaka izimpukane, omiyane, izimbungulu nezintuthwane, abazichitha ebusika, becasha ngokuphepha endaweni ecashile evikelekile.

Kubukeka kanjani

Ihhashi linamabili omahlo abekwe phambi kwe-cephalothorax. Banikeza umbono ocacile walesi sidalwa, basivumele ukuba sinqume ukwakheka, umbala wezinto, ibanga eliqonde ngqo kubo. Ephakathi kukhona izimbhangqwana ezimbili zamehlo amakhulu asembindini kanye neliso elilodwa lamehlo amancane angena ngemuva. Umugqa ongenhla uqukethe amehlo amabili amancane kakhulu, kanti ongaphansi unamehlo amabili aphakathi nendawo atholakala ekuhlanganeni kwekhanda nesifuba. Isakhiwo esinjalo semishini yokubonakalayo sinika intaba umbono oyindilinga.

Kubalulekile!Uma ufuna ukubamba ihhashi noma ulibheke kangcono, lisondele kancane kancane. Le arthropod ifinyelela ekunyakazeni okuncane bese ibaleka ngokushesha. 3shanelainto enkulu ehamba kancane ayikwazi.

Isisu sinokwakheka okusaqanda, umbala umnyama nomhlophe, unemibala, ngakho-ke ihhashi kwesinye isikhathi libizwa ngokuthi yisicabucabu se-zebra. I-cephalothorax inkulu, i-furry, emhlophe ikakhulukazi. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa ngokuphelele. Ubude bomzimba besilisa bungama-5 mm, owesimame ungama-6 mm.

Sekukonke, ihhashi linemilenze eyisishiyagalombili ne-pair eyodwa yezinyawo ezinamandla. Le arthropod isebenzisa izimbotshana zangaphambili zemilenze nama-pedipalps okusayina ukuxhumana nezihlobo.

Okudingayo

Le yi-arthropod eyidlayo edla noma yiziphi izinambuzane. Kuthandwa kuqala izimpukane, iminyovu kanye nezintuthwane. Izingela kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, ngoba iye yathuthukisa iso.

Isistimu ye-hydraulic ukunyakaza kwezitho ivumela ihhashi ukuthi lipompe ingcindezi edingekayo yokuxhuma isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokugxumela kwesisulu, unamathela endaweni ahlala kuyo, ene-cobweb, ukuze kuthi uma kungenzeka isithambekele, ibuyele endaweni yayo yangaphambili.

Uthi bewazi?Ngo-1975, uFred Vanless, ongudokotela wezamachashaza waseBrithani, wahamba ngomkhumbi eyofunda ama-arthropods ahlala eduze kweHimalaya. Kamuva, wachaza ukumangala kwakhe njengokungenakuchazwa lapho, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6,700, cishe phezulu kwa-Everest, athole izicabucabu zamahhashi zihlala lapho.

LIFESTYLE

Ihhashi lesicabucabu, njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni, lihola impilo yansuku zonke. Uhlala emhlabathini, emadwaleni, ezihlahleni nasezindongeni zezakhiwo. Uqabula ilanga. Abamele le nhlobo batholakala eHimalaya endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ngenhla yolwandle.

Kusihlwa, ihhashi lesicabucabu lizithola liyindawo ephephile lapho liluka khona isidleke kusuka kuwebhu. Uhlela i-cache ngaphansi kwamatshe namagxolo, osukile esiqwini.

Ekuphumeni kwelanga, leli spider-spider lishiya indawo yalo yokuhlala ebusuku bese liphumela ngaphandle. Ingahlala ibonakala ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle: odongeni, ematsheni, emagumbini okugcina izithombo. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo esinamafu, ihhashi-spider lihlala izinsuku eziningana endaweni yalo yokuhlala, lilinde ukufudumala. Uma esengozini, isicabucabu siyabaleka, sivame ukubheka esitha.

Ukuluma kuyingozi empilweni yabantu

Yize le arthropod inobuthi, ukulunywa kwakhe akunangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Iqoqo lobuthi bayo liphansi kakhulu ukulimaza, futhi ihhashi alikwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba somuntu.
I-spider-Horse iyinhlangano emele futhi engenangozi eyimele yohlobo lwe-arthropod, etholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu. Kuholela empilweni yomdlwenguli, ukuzingela izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, futhi kusizakale izakhamuzi zasehlobo ngokuhlanza iziza zazo ezingadini.

Uma uqaphele le arthropod engadini yakho noma ekhaya, musa ukushesha ukuyibulala - ivikela izitshalo zakho ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane.

Ividiyo: Isicabucabu Samahhashi

Isicabucabu sehhashi singenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwama-arachnids emhlabeni. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukuhlangana naye alinzima kangako, kubhekwe cishe isimanga sesishiyagalombili somhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo enhlobonhlobo yamlethela udumo emhlabeni. Kodwa yini ekhetheke kakhulu ngalezi zidalwa futhi kungani amakhono abo ebhekwa njengehlukile? Ukuphendula yonke imibuzo, udinga ukwazi laba bameleli abangajwayelekile bezilwane.

Habitat

Njengoba sekushiwo, izicabucabu zamahhashi zihlukaniswa yukuthi zazikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila ezifundeni ezihlukene zeplanethi. Kepha noma kunjalo, izintaba zingabizwa njengezindawo zazo eziyithandayo. Lapho nje kutholakala enye yezinhlobo zama-arthropod esiqongweni se-Everest.

Ekulandeni kwethu, isicabucabu esigxumayo naso sivamile. Uthanda ukuhlala phezu kobuso obufudunyezwa lilanga, isib, ezindongeni zezindlu. Indawo ehlala kuyo ingaba ngotshani, izihlahla, noma inhlabathi noma amadwala.

Isicabucabu Samahhashi. Amaqiniso Ahehayo

1. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ngokwemvelo izicabucabu eziningi zingabadli, ososayensi bakwazi ukuthola imifino phakathi kwabo. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, enye yezinhlobo zesigcawu esigxumayo isishintshele ngokuphelele ekudleni kwamakhambi ngenxa yokuthi imizimba yamaBelt ayidlayo iyatholakala unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze udle ngabo, awudingi ukuchitha amandla, njengasendabeni yokuzingela. Lezi spider zihlangana emakoloni zizungeze isitshalo esisodwa, zisebenzisa zona njengokudla nendawo yokukhosela. Isitha kuphela sama-arthropods kuleli cala yizintuthwane ezidla izitshalo ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, inhlangano yamakoloni isiza abagibeli ukuzivikela kubavakashi abangamenyiwe.

2. Abagibeli bayizidalwa ezifuna ukwazi. Uma noma ubani ekwazi ukuqaphela futhi asondele kakhulu umuntu isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo akuyo, khona-ke lesi yisigcawu sokugxuma. Izithombe ezithathwe ngenkathi zizibuka zingubufakazi obengeziwe kulokhu.

3. Ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu zamahhashi ziye zafunda ukulingisa kahle ukubukeka nendlela yokuphila yezintuthwane eziluka. Babenegama elithi izicabucabu zehhashi. Lolu hlobo luzolile futhi alunangozi, ngakho-ke, ukuze zivikeleke komakhelwane abanolaka, zihlala eduze kwamakholoni bese zilinda inyamazane.

4. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amehlo amabili angaphambili ehhashi angafaniswa nawomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banombala oyingxenye wemibala. Enye yezendlalelo zamaseli we-photosensitive retina iqukethe ngokuphelele ama-receptors aluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, izicabucabu azikwazi ukugxila kuluhlaza futhi zibone isithombe sikhanya kancane. Lokhu, ngokombono womuntu, Okubi ukuthi abagibeli bayakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ibanga elibahlukanisa nomuntu ohlukunyezwayo.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI

Abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi benza umdanso wokukhulisa ngaphambi kokuba bakholwe.
Abantu banombono ongcono kakhulu phakathi kwezicabucabu. Cishe ziyakwazi ukwahlukanisa imibala.
Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu zezicabucabu ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Iningi lazo izicabucabu zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinye zitholakala endaweni eshisayo. Abamele lo mndeni bahlala ngisho nasezifundeni zase-Arctic.
Uma ukungcola kungena emehlweni esicabucabu, uzihlanze ngokucophelela ngezithupha.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu zilingisa izintuthwane. Lokhu kufana (ukulingisa) kuvezwa hhayi kuphela ngesimo somzimba, kepha futhi nokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke izigcawu ziyasindiswa kuma-wasp-pompil azingela izicabucabu.

IZIMPAWU

Isisu: ihhashi lesicabucabu lingaqashelwa kalula yimicu ebanzi esinqamula esiswini. Izinwele zimfushane futhi zimhlophe.

Ukuvulwa komlomo: Nge-chelicera yayo, isicabucabu sigobhoza isikhumba sesisulu bese sifaka ubuthi kuso.

Imilenze: Ngemilenze yangaphambili eqinile, isicabucabu sibambe inyamazane ebanjiwe.

I-Pedipalps: abesilisa ngosizo lwabo babeka ama-spermatophores esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.

- Isicabucabu seHabitat

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zezinhlobo zeSalticus Scenicus zidlangile kuyo yonke iNyakatho Nenkabazwe; abantu bakhona baningi kakhulu.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

Izicabucabu zamahhashi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu. Ukudumazeka akubasongeli.

Isicabucabu Steed - Isilo esinamehlo ayisishiyagalombili // Spider Spider (Salticidae) Sub. IsiRus. Ividiyo (00:03:01)

Amandla okubona ama-degree ama-360 asongela impilo yenyosi lapho iSpider Horse esiseduze. Lesi sigaxa singazinaki izingwebu lapho zilambile. Spider Steed Hunter enamehlo ayisishiyagalombili esindayo. Unqamula ngokuthula ama-paws akhe, isicabucabu sithola ukuma okuthe xaxa, bese amehlo akhe eqala ukusebenza. Amehlo amane ngemuva kwekhanda ahlola isikhala esingemuva afune ukunyakaza, kanti amehlo angaphambili alandela inyamazane. Amehlo amakhulu akahambi qobo lwawo, kepha i-retina engaphakathi kwamehlo inokuhlola konke kusuka emuva nangaphambili. Ngokwesidalwa esilingana nalokhu, isicabucabu sinombono omuhle kude. Ulandela umkhondo wakhe phansi. Ngenkathi inyosi isondla, isicabucabu sigibela phezulu. Amehlo ayisishiyagalombili nama-paws ayisishiyagalombili alungele ukugxuma. Isicabucabu siyaqhubeka sihamba kahle. Ufafaza intambo kasilika lapho ahlala khona. Inyosi eqaphela noma yini iyaqhubeka nokuqoqa umpe. Isicabucabu silinganisa ibanga, sibala indawo efikile ngaphambi kokuhlasela. Ukushaya okuphelele. Akayeki ukusebenzisa umbono oyindilinga kuze kufe inyosi. Ngenkathi inyosi ilwa nokuphila, isicabucabu sinakekela ukudonsa kwaso. Futhi ekugcineni ukunqoba. Inyosi eyodwa engadini incane.

Super Spider / Super Spider (2012). Ividiyo (00:45:00)

Izinambuzane ezinama-shaggy paws, amazinyo anobuthi, ahlala emthunzini futhi akhiqiza ubuthi. Isidalwa sonke safundiswa ukusesaba. Isicabucabu. Noma kunjalo, izicabucabu zinekhono ngokumangazayo, zinamakhono amaningi ajabulisa ososayensi. Ngokusho kukaDarwin, isici esibalulekile ekusindeni kohlobo lwenyama amandla alo okuzivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa ngokwesimo, izicabucabu zingamakhosi. Bahlala komakhelwane ngathi yonke indawo. Kuze kube manje, sekutholwe izinhlobo ezingama-42,000 zesicabucabu. Bahlala emakhaya ethu, ezivandeni zethu, bahlala ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala. Zitholakala phezulu ezintabeni, eziqhingini ezikude, kepha akudingekile ukuya kude kangako, noma ngabe sikuphi, kuhlale kunesicabucabu esiseduze.

Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezintsha zesigcawu zokudansa ezitholakala e-Australia (izindaba). Ividiyo (00:01:38)

Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezintsha zesigcawu zokudansa ezitholakala e-Australia. Bathi lesi spider singasiza ukuqeda i-arachnophobia, ukwesaba lezi zinambuzane. Ingamamilimitha ayisishiyagalombili kuphela. Lesi yisicabucabu sehhashi sase-Australia. Futhi manje wenza umdanso womshado.

Lezi zinambuzane eziqhakazile zihlala ezihlahleni eningizimu yezwekazi.

[UJürgen Otto, isazi sezinto eziphilayo]:
“Ziyamangaza. Abanye basakholelwa ekutheni ngenza konke, ngoba akukholeki. ”

Isazi sebhayiloji saseSydney u-Otto Jürgen nozakwabo uDavid Knowles basanda kuthola izinhlobo ezintsha eziyisikhombisa zezicabucabu zamahhashi. Ngaphambi kwalapho, izinhlobo ezingama-41 zazaziwa yisayensi.

I-Otto iminyaka eminingi isusa lezi zinambuzane futhi ifaka izithombe namavidiyo ku-Intanethi.

[UJürgen Otto, isazi sezinto eziphilayo]:
“Imvamisa abantu bacabanga ukuthi izicabucabu zimbi, ziyesabeka futhi ziyingozi. Kepha ngenxa yezithombe namavidiyo ami, afunda ukuthi izicabucabu zingaba zinhle, ziphilile futhi zihlekise. ”

Ukuheha insikazi, abesilisa benza imidanso eyinkimbinkimbi.

[UDavid Knowles, isazi sezinto eziphilayo]:
"Abesifazane yibona abafaka ingcindezi kwabesilisa ukubenza babukeke kangcono futhi badanse kangcono."

Izazi zebhayoloji manje zifuna izinhlobo ezintsha kakhulu zezicabucabu zokudansa.

Spider ihhashi ekuzingeleni. Ividiyo (00:02:23)

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zingabazingeli bosuku abasebenzayo. Banesistimu engaphakathi eyenziwe kahle ye-hydraulic: amandla okwandisa izitho zabo ngenxa yezinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi. Lokhu kuvumela izicabucabu ukuba zigxume amabanga amade, zedlula kude usayizi womzimba wazo. Ngaphambi kokugxuma, isicabucabu siyavuma: sinamathela endaweni lapho gxuma lizokwenzeka khona, intambo kasilika yewebhu.
Ngokungafani nezinye izicabucabu, akhuphuka kalula ngengilazi. Izinwele nezinzipho ezincane kakhulu zisiza ngalokhu.
Izicabucabu zamahhashi zisebenzisa intambo kasilika njengezinto zokwakha ikhaya, lapho owesimame ebeka ubumbeko futhi azilinde kuze kubonakale amawundlu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Photo: Spider Steed

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zingabamele ama-arthropod arachnids, izicabucabu zihlanganiswa ngokulandelana, umndeni wezicabucabu zamahhashi. Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zingabamele izimbali nezilwane, ezitholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Enye yezindawo ezibhalwe phansi ngo-1975 yatholakala ngisho nasenhla ne-Everest, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-6500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Umlando wezicabucabu uneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200.Isikhathi ngqo sokubukeka kwezicabucabu asikaziwa ngoba uthola ukuthi nezinsalela zezicabucabu zasendulo azivamile kakhulu, ngoba imizimba yazo ibola ngokushesha okukhulu. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola okutholakele okubalulekile kuma-amber. Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wabamele basendulo bama-arachnids zitholakale ku-resin eqandisiwe. Ngokubukeka, zazizinambuzane ezincane, ezinobukhulu bomzimba wazo ezazingadluli kumasentimitha ayi-0.5.

Ividiyo: I-Spider Steed

I-cephalothorax kanye nesisu bekungekho kuhlukaniswa. Izicabucabu zasendulo zazinengxenye yomsila, eyayihloselwe ukwaluka i-cobwebs. Esikhundleni sewebhu, bakha uhlobo lwentambo eminyene, enamathelayo. Izicabucabu zazizisebenzisa ukugoqa ukhukhunathi, ukufaka umhume wazo, noma ezinye izinhloso. Okhokho basendulo bezicabucabu zesimanje cishe babengenazo izindlala ezikhuthaza imfihlo enobuthi.

Kukhona inguqulo ethi kwavela izicabucabu zasendulo kuGondwana. Ngemuva kwalokho zasakazeka ngokushesha kuwo wonke umhlaba. Iminyaka elandelayo yeqhwa yanciphisa indawo yokuhlala kwezicabucabu, futhi nazo izinhlobo eziningi zama-arthropods asendulo zaphela. Kwakuyinsakavukela ukuthi izicabucabu ziphenduke ngokushesha, ziguqule, futhi zihlukane ngezinhlobo zezilwane.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Black Spider Steed

Isicabucabu esibalekile sihlukaniswa ngombono obukhali, odingekayo ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo. Izitho zombono zimelelwa ngamehlo ngenani lezicucu eziyisishiyagalombili. Zitholakala emigqeni emithathu. Egqeni lokuqala ngamehlo amane amakhulu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izitho zangaphambili zombono ziyakwazi ukuzungeza ziye phezulu, kanye nezindlela ezihlukile. Ngosizo lolo nje olushukumisayo, izicabucabu zihlukanisa phakathi kobunji, amasilayidi nemibala.

Umugqa wesibili wezitho ezibonakalayo umelwa ngamehlo amabili amancane. Umugqa wesithathu uqukethe amehlo amabili amakhulu atholakala kuzinhlangothi zombili zesigaba senhloko. Lesi sakhiwo sohlelo lokubonwa sikuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo ngama-degree angama-360. Ngale ndlela ungakugwema kalula ukuhlangana nesitha. Umbono usiza ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo. Izici zohlelo lokubuka zilele nokuthi izicabucabu ziyakwazi ukubona isitho ngasinye ngazinye futhi zibeke konke esithombeni esisodwa. I-retina futhi inesakhiwo esingajwayelekile, esikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokuthembekile ibanga lezinto ozifunayo, into.

Izici ezihlukile zinesistimu yokuphefumula. Ubuye abe namaphaphu angajwayelekile ne-trachea. Usayizi womzimba wehhashi awudluli usayizi wohlamvu lwemali olungamakhulu amahlanu. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile ngamamayela angama-5-7. I-dimorphism yezocansi iveziwe - izintokazi zinomzimba omkhulu kunabesilisa. I-cephalothorax nesisu kuhlukaniswa yisikhwanyana esincanyana. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamahhashi zinokubukeka okuhlukahlukene nombala ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabonakala njengofezela, izintuthwane, noma amabhungane. Ingxenye yekhanda lomzimba iphakeme kakhulu; iphakanyiswa ngaphezu kwesisu.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi isicabucabu singamahhashi anobuthi yini noma cha. Masibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi.

Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu samahhashi?

Isithombe: Isicabucabu samahhashi eRussia

Izicabucabu zihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Zingangena emithini, odongeni, emhlabathini, ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni, ezingubeni zamabhilidi ahlukahlukene, njll. Indawo yokuhlala iyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo. Izicabucabu zamahhashi zingahlala emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo, zizizwa zizinhle futhi zinethezekile ogwadule, ogwadule oluyi-semi, noma ezintabeni. Izintandokazi zinikezwa izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, njengokukhanya kwelanga.

Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Pak steed:

Indlela yokuphila yesicabucabu samahhashi nendawo esihlala kuyo iyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabameleli bama-subspecies ahlukahlukene ale nhlobo. Enye yazo ivame ukuluka iwebhu bese ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi kuyo, abanye bayakwazi ukwakha izidleke zesilika ezifakwa emakhoneni ahlukaniswe ngandlela-thile, kanti ezinye zingahlala ngokuthula ebusweni bomhlaba, noma kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezimila. Ngokumangazayo, izicabucabu azizethembi ngokuphelele ekukhetheni izimo zokuphila. Kulula ukuhlangana nama-mono ngisho phezulu ezintabeni, noma endaweni yamatshe.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Spider Steed

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zithathwa njengama-arthropods asemini kuphela, ngoba yisikhathi sasemini lapho zivame ukuba matasa kakhulu futhi zizingele. Bathanda ukukhanya kwelanga nemfudumalo. Imvamisa lezi spider zivame ukubhakela ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga. Lezi spider azesabi nhlobo abantu, zingakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eseduze nabo. Ukubona umuntu, ihhashi alijahi ukucasha, noma ukufuna indawo yokukhosela. Uyambheka ngentshisekelo. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lwe-arthropod olubizwa ngokuthi ama-oda. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho izicabucabu zivela ezifundeni ezintsha ezingakaze zixazululwe phambilini, izicabucabu zisusa indawo yezinambuzane eziyingozi.

Ukuthola ukudla kwalezi zicabucabu akusizi kuphela umbono omkhulu, kepha futhi kunomunye umsebenzi okhethekile womzimba - uhlelo lwe-hydraulic. Lokhu yikhono lomzimba lokushintsha izinga lokucindezela emilenzeni, ngakho-ke ubukhulu nobude belungu ngokwako kungahluka. Lokhu kuvumela ama-arthropods ukuthi agxume ngobude obuhlukahlukene. Imvamisa izicabucabu zenza kuzuba ubude obude obuphindwe ka-15- 20 ubukhulu bomzimba wabo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola umshwalense, ama-jumpers alungisa intambo eqinile lapho efuna ukugxuma khona.

Ekupheleni kosuku, izicabucabu zifuna indawo ecashile lapho zisontelana khona izingcingo zazo. Izindawo ezinjalo zingatholakala ezisekelweni zezindonga, ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamatshe amatshe, njll. Uma isimo sezulu sasemgwaqweni siwohloka, alikho ilanga, kuyabanda futhi kunetha imvula, izicabucabu zifihla ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ekuseni ngesimo sezulu esishisayo bashiya izindawo zabo zokuhlala. Ngemuva kokuba izicabucabu zifudumele ilanga, ziyahamba ziyofuna ukudla.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi babheka lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu njengezinambuzane ezinesibindi, ngoba zindiza kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Lapho izama ukuphunyuka esitheni ngale ndlela, ihhashi libaleka ngokushesha, lijike liqonde ngakuye. Izicabucabu zichitha inkathi ebandayo icasha ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Izicabucabu zamahhashi

Abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane hhayi ngobukhulu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nangemibala, ikakhulukazi, ngombala wombhangqwana ongaphambili wemilenze lapho imichilo itholakala khona. Ukubhalwa ngakunye kubonakaliswa yizimpawu ngazinye zesikhathi sokuzalela. Kodwa-ke, bonke abamele izicabucabu zamahhashi banento eyodwa efanayo - umdanso wokukhonkotha komuntu wesilisa. Umdanso onjalo ukuvumela ukuheha ukunakwa kowesifazane owuthandayo. Ngesikhathi somdanso onjalo, owesilisa uphakamisa izitho zakhe azibambe esifubeni ngesigqi esithile. Uma abesilisa abaningana benza ukunakwa kowesifazane oyedwa, ubunyoninco balowo onamandla okude. Uma umuntu wesifazane engakafinyeleli ebusheni, kuvamile ukuba abesilisa balindele lo mzuzu.

Abantu besilisa basebenzisa uhlobo lwewebhu, okuxhunywe kulo amaconsi uketshezi lwangaphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho uphonsa ama-pedipalps ku-seminal fluid bese kuphela lapho edlulisela imbewu emzimbeni wowesifazane. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ikhetha indawo yokukhosela ethembekile bese iyilinganisa ngama-cobwebs. Lokhu kungaba isikhala ngaphansi kwamatshe, amagxolo ezihlahla, emifantweni yodonga, njll. Ngemuva kokuba kutholakale indawo esekusithekeni futhi ilungisiwe, insikazi ibeka amaqanda futhi iwaqaphe ngokucophelela kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa inzalo.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izilwane ezincane azidingi mama, ngoba ngokushesha zinamakhono okuzingela. Isikazi liyasuswa. Ngemuva kwezixhumanisi eziningana, inzalo eyazalwa ifinyelela ekukhuleni. Isikhathi sokuphila sesigcawu esimweni semvelo cishe sonyaka.

Izitha zemvelo zezicabucabu zamahhashi

Photo: Spider steed ngemvelo

Izicabucabu zinezitha ezimbalwa endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo, izicabucabu eziningi zizisika ngokwangaphandle njengezinye izinambuzane - izintuthwane noma izimbungulu.

Ingozi yezicabucabu yizinyoni ezidla ama-arthropods amancane. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo yinyoni yesicabucabu. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi yilezi zicabucabu ezizingela izikhala noma amasele, kanye nezinambuzane, ezinkulu ngobukhulu. Izicabucabu zivame ukudla ezinye uma kungekho ezinye izinto eziseduze ezingaba inyamazane. Lokhu akugcini nje ngowesifazane, okuthi ngemuva kokukhwelana kudle owesilisa. Imvamisa, izicabucabu ezindala, ezivuthiwe zocansi zihlasela izilwane ezincane.

Kaningi, izicabucabu zamahhashi ziba izisulu zabagibeli. Lezi izinambuzane ezinambuzane ezibekela amaqanda ngaphezulu noma ngaphakathi emzimbeni wesicabucabu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izibungu ziqhamuka emaqanda zingene ekukhanyeni, ezidla kancane kancane i-arthropod ingaphakathi. Uma kunezibungu eziningi kakhulu, zivusa ukufa kwesicabucabu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Black Spider Steed

Namuhla, izicabucabu zamahhashi ngamanani anele zihlala ezifundeni zomhlaba. Abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, futhi lolu hlobo aludingi ukuvikelwa. Bayingxenye ebalulekile yesimo semvelo. Ngenxa yokuthi akukho okusongela inani labo, badla izinambuzane ngamanani amakhulu, eziyingozi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimila. Kaningi, ukuhlala kwezicabucabu eduze komuntu kuyamsindisa ezinambuzaneni, ezingaba abathwali bezifo ezithathelanayo eziyingozi. Futhi, ezindaweni lapho kuhlalwa khona amahhashi, umkhiqizo ukhuphuka kakhulu ngoba iqiniso lokuthi izinambuzane ezisendaweni yezinambuzane zincane kaningana.

Azikho izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezikhethekile okuhloswe ngazo ukugcina noma ukwandisa inani lezinambuzane ezenziwayo. Umsebenzi wolwazi wenziwa kanye nesibalo sabantu ukuthi izicabucabu zalesi zinhlobo azikwazi ukuzilimaza, futhi azibeki engcupheni empilweni nasempilweni. Ngakho-ke, akufanele babhujiswe, ngoba abagcini nje ngokuba sengozini, kodwa, kunalokho, baletha izinzuzo.

Isicabucabu Steed Ungummeleli omangalisayo wama-arthropods, onamehlo amahle kakhulu, uyakwazi ukugxuma, futhi futhi unesistimu yokuphefumula engagcini ngalaba abamele izimbali nezilwane. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-arachnids alunangozi kubantu. Ukuba ngumakhelwane naye kuyazuzisa nakubantu.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yesicabucabu samahhashi

Igama "isicabucabu - ihhashi"Ngokubanzi, kufaka cishe i-600 genera nezinhlobo ezingama-6000. Abamele lo mndeni baziwa ngamehlo abo abukhali kakhulu, abasiza bobabili ekuzingeleni nasekuzinikezeleni phansi.

Uhlelo lokuphefumula lwesicabucabu se-bimodal, oluqukethe wonke amaphaphu ne-trachea, nalo luyaphawuleka. Hlangana isicabucabu sehhashi esivamile kungenzeka cishe yonke indawo. Abamele izinhlobo eziningi bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo; bande endaweni eshisayo yamahlathi, ogwadule nolwasemfuleni, nezintaba (i-Euophrys omnisuperstes yatholakala ososayensi engqungqutheleni ye-Everest ngeminyaka yama-70s). Omunye wemisebenzi eyintandokazi yesicabucabu ukushiswa yilanga, isikhathi eside kube kunoma iyiphi indawo efanelekile nalokhu, yebo mpo.

Uhlelo lokubuka olwakhiwe kahle luqukethe amehlo ayisishiyagalombili ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu. Umugqa wokuqala uhlanganisa amehlo amane amakhulu, umqhele "wobuso" besicabucabu Amehlo angaphambili awaboni ngamehlo abukhali kuphela, kodwa futhi asebenza kakhulu (angakwazi ukuhamba kwesobunxele, phezulu-phansi), avumela izicabucabu ukuhlukanisa nokuhlola ukwakheka kwezinto, kanye nombala wazo.

Umugqa wesibili umelwa ngamehlo amancane amancane avele phakathi “kobuso”, umugqa wesithathu uqukethe amehlo amabili amakhulu, atholakala ekhoneni lekhanda ngemuva, emngceleni nesifuba. Ngakho-ke, isicabucabu sinokubonakala okungapheli cishe kwama-degree angama-360, okuwusizo kakhulu lapho sizingela futhi kumsiza ukuba agweme ukuhlangana okungafuneki nesitha.

Ubungako bohlelo lokubonakalayo lukhona emandleni we-spider ukubona ngeso ngalinye ngokwahlukana, kunjalo, amehlo athambile wesibili awanikeli isithombe esigcwele sendawo, kepha angakwazi ukwahlukanisa ukunyakaza okuncane okukuzungezile. I-retina inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele lapho isheya lingalihlola kahle ibanga lesisulu noma ingozi.

Isicabucabu sehhashi esithombeni kuvame ukubonakala njengesidalwa esihle, esimaphakathi naphakathi kwesinambuzane, noma kunjalo, ungathatha isithombe esinjalo ngokwanda okuningi, ngoba usayizi wamahhashi ayidluli usayizi wohlamvu lwemali.

Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, umbala nombala wabantu kuyahlukahluka. Abamele izinhlobo ezithile bakhumbuza ngokwedlula ukubonakala kwezintuthwane noma amabhungane amancane, futhi futhi bangafana nomfezela.

Isakhiwo somzimba silula - ikhanda nesifuba kuhlanganiswe, kuhlukaniswe yindawo encane yokuphumula kuphela. Ingxenye yangaphambili yomzimba iphakanyiswe isihlobo esiphakeme ngemuva, ngobude bukhulu kunobubanzi, izinhlangothi ziwugqinsi.

Isicabucabu samahhashi eRussia ekhulelwe isetshenziswa njengokuhleleka okuhle kwengadi nengadi yemifino. Kuyiqiniso, kunzima kunokuba ubambe futhi ungalimazi lezi zingane, noma kunjalo, uma uzama kanzima, ungabamba abantu abaningana bese ubatshala ezihlahleni zezithelo noma emibhedeni.

Uma zisendaweni entsha, izicabucabu zizoqala ukuzingela izinambuzane ezincane, bese kunciphisa isidingo sokusebenzisa amakhemikhali okushushisa izinambuzane engadini.

Spider-ihhashi akuyona neze ingozi kumuntu, ungayithatha ngqo ngezandla zakho ezingenalutho, ngokucophelela kakhulu ukuze ungalimazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunangozi kubantu hhayi ngenxa yokuntuleka kobuthi, Isicabucabu samahhashi sinobuthi, kepha isikhumba asinqotshwa ukulunywa kwakhe, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu mikhulu kakhulu ngengane ukuba ayazise njengento edinga ulaka noma ngisho nokunakwa.

Funa isicabucabu ezindaweni ezinokhanya kahle, afudumele ilanga. Njengoba esebambe ukunyakaza komuntu, isicabucabu siyambheka ngokuqhubekayo, sishukumisa amehlo akhe ajulile, kodwa asiphuthumi ukuthola indawo yokukhosela.

Thenga spider sehhashi impela nje ezitolo zezilwane ezikhethekile, lokhu kudumile kubangelwa umbala wawo ogqamile, ukungalimazi ngokuphelele kubantu kanye nekhono lesicabucabu ukuvumelana nezimo zokuphila ekudingisweni.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila yentaba yesicabucabu

Ihhashi lizingela ntambama kuphela, futhi lisebenza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kombono omkhulu, isicabucabu sinenye ikhono eliwusizo - uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwe-hydraulic.

Izimbambo zesilo zingashiyana ngosayizi - zanda noma zinciphe ngenxa yezinguquko ekucindezelweni koketshezi kuzo, ngakho-ke izicabucabu zigxumela kumabanga amabanga, sengathi, awanakunqotshwa ngosayizi bawo ngomzuzwana owodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, i-steed ibopha intambo kasilika iye endaweni lapho ifuna ukugxuma khona.

Izimbambo zehhashi zinezinwele ezincane ngisho nezimpelesi, okwenza ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izicabucabu, zihambeke kalula ingilazi etholakala ngokuqondile.

Ngaphezu kokuphepha, i-steed isebenzisa intambo kasilika kuphela ukwakha isidleke sokwenza ubumboni - ayiluki iwebhu. Indawo yokuhlala unomphela yesigcawu esincane ingaba ngumhlabathi, udonga noma idwala elikhulu, izihlahla noma utshani.

Ukudla Kwama-Horse Spider

Ukuzingela kulele ngokulinda inyamazane nokubanjwa kwayo kude. Yindlela yokuthola ukudla lapho umndeni uthole igama elithi "amahhashi". Amandla wokugxumela amabanga amade, ukubona okwedlulele kanye nomkhuba wokuzifakelwa ngentambo kasilika kuvumela abamele izinhlobo ukuthi bazitholele ukudla kwabo ngaphandle kokuluka iwebhu. Ekudleni kunganambitheka noma yisiphi isinambuzane, into esemqoka ukuthi ubukhulu bento edluleyo buvumela isicabucabu ukuba sibhekane naso.

Incazelo yokubukeka

Isicabucabu-ihhashi, noma isicabucabu-ihhashi (iSalticidae) singamalungu omndeni wesicabucabu se-araneomorphic. Lo mndeni umele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5000, futhi ngokokuhlukaniswa kwesayensi, ungumbuso obanzi we-Eumetazoi.

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zingaba nezindawo ezinamabala ahlukahlukene, futhi zivame ukulingisa ngokubukeka kwazo zintuthwane, ibhungane kanye nesibazi esingamanga . Ingxenye yokuqala ye-cephalothorax iphakanyiswe kakhulu, kanti emuva ingentlezi. Izinhlangothi ze-cephalothorax zigxilile.Ukwahlukaniswa kwekhanda nesifuba, njengomthetho, kuhlinzekwa yi-groove engajulile futhi eguqukayo. Uhlelo lokuphefumula lwe-bimodal lumelwe amaphaphu ne-trachea.

Isicabucabu sehhashi sibonisa ngokuba khona kwamehlo ayisishiyagalombili, ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu. Eluhlu lokuqala kukhona amehlo amane amakhulu ahlala engxenyeni yangaphambili ekhanda. Amehlo angaphandle amakhulu wezindondo ezinkulu abonakala ngokuhamba. Amehlo avumela izicabucabu ukuthi zihlukanise phakathi kokwakheka kwento nombala wayo.

Amehlo womugqa wesibili amelelwa ngababili bamehlo amancane kakhulu, futhi emgqeni wesithathu kukhona amehlo amakhulu amakhulu, atholakala ekhoneni lomngcele wekhanda nesifuba. Ngosizo lwale mehlo, isicabucabu sinikezela ngesibukezo esicishe sibe ngu-360 °.

Isakhiwo esikhethekile se-retina yeso senza ukuba sikwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ibanga kunoma iyiphi into.

Izinhlobo ezivamile

Izicabucabu-amahhashi asezimweni zemvelo amelwe izinhlobo ezithile ezahluka ngokubukeka, usayizi nendawo yokusabalalisa:

igolide elihle ihhashi lesicabucabu lihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yamazwe ase-Asia, futhi libonwa yingxenye yesisu eside kanye nemilenze yokuqala emibili. Umzimba unombala wegolide oyingqayizivele kakhulu. Ubude besilisa akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwe-76 mm, kanti izinsikazi zinkulu

IHimalayan izinhlobo zincanyana futhi zibanzi phezulu ngaphezu kwamazinga olwandle, eHimalaya, lapho izinambuzane ezinobukhulu obuphakathi buba inyamazane yazo yodwa, eshayelwa emthambekeni wentaba ngamandla omoya,

spider yamahhashi aluhlaza uhlala eQueensland, New Guinea naseNew South Wales. Kuvamile impela eNtshonalanga Australia, lapho kungenye yesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke. Owesilisa unombala ogqamile kakhulu, kanti nomzimba wakhe uhlotshiswe ngemicu emide yombala omhlophe,

ukubuka emuva kokubomvu Isicabucabu samahhashi sithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile futhi kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala ezigodini ezisogwini noma emahlathini ama-oki aseNyakatho Melika, lapho singenye yesicabucabu esikhulu samahhashi. Isici salolu hlobo lwenhlobo yikhono lokwakha izidleke zohlobo lwesilika ngaphansi kwamatshe, izinkuni nangaphezulu komvini,

umbono weHyllus diardi inomzimba ofinyelela ku-1,3 cm. Kanye nezinye izinhlobo zesicabucabu samahhashi, ayikwazi ukwakha iwebhu, ngenxa yalokho, ekubambeni inyamazane, ifinyelela intambo kasilika kunoma yiluphi uxhaso bese igxuma isuka 'koshayweni' oyinqaba nalowo ohlukunyezwayo,

isicabucabu semvubu ilingisa ngokuphelele ukubonakala kwesintuthwane futhi ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo ukusuka e-Afrika kuye enkabeni ye-Australia. Umbala womzimba ungasukela kumnyama uye kumathoni aphuzi.

Umbono wasebukhosini othakazelisa kakhulu wesicabucabu. Lokhu kungummeleli omkhulu wezicabucabu zamahhashi eNyakatho Melika. Abesilisa banobude bomzimba obungu-1.27 cm, futhi ubude besifazane bungafinyelela ku-1.52 cm.

Isidumbu sowesilisa sinombala omnyama kanye nephethini yesimo, emelelwa amabala amhlophe nemivimbo. Umbala womuntu wesifazane uvame ukumelwa ama-brownish and orange hues.

Imithetho yokondla

Ukudla okungokwemvelo kwezicabucabu izinambuzane eziphilayo ezisayizi ofanelekile. . Abanikazi abanokuhlangenwe nakho kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo baxwayiswa ukuthi basebenzise amakhethini, aqhekeke endaweni enothuli, noma iDrosophila yokondla ihhashi lesicabucabu. Ukudla kwezinhlobo ezithile, ungasebenzisa izitshalo ezomnyama neziluhlaza. Ngenqubo yokondla, ipulatifomu yokondla kumele inikezwe ngokukhanyiswa okuphezulu kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngamalambu we-fluorescent.

Ihhashi lesicabucabu libhekwa njengelinye labameli abahlakaniphe kakhulu be-arthropods, ngenxa yobukhulu bobuchopho. Ukuthenga isigcawu esinjalo ezweni lethu kunzima impela, kepha kungenzeka kakhulu kubathandi bama-arthropods exotic abazibandakanye ekuzaleni kwabo ekhaya. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zomuntu omdala ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo, kepha, kaningi, azidluli ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa .

Abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi benza umdanso wokukhulisa ngaphambi kokuba bakholwe.
Abantu banombono ongcono kakhulu phakathi kwezicabucabu. Cishe ziyakwazi ukwahlukanisa imibala.
Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu zezicabucabu ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Iningi lazo izicabucabu zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinye zitholakala endaweni eshisayo. Abamele lo mndeni bahlala ngisho nasezifundeni zase-Arctic.

Izicabucabu zingama-arthropods amelela isigaba sama-arachnids. Abamele lesi sigaba, namuhla, kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane. Bahluka phakathi kwabo ngendlela yempilo, ukubukeka, uhlobo lokudla. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu zezicabucabu: izicabucabu ezincane kakhulu nezingenabungozi (0.37 mm), kanye nezicabucabu eziyingozi kakhulu futhi nezicabucabu eziyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni (kufika ku-25 cm). Futhi kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nokubukwa okuningi okumangazayo nokuhehayo.

I-Tarantula Spider - Theraphosidae

Isicabucabu se-tarantula mhlawumbe yisicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, noma kunalokho umndeni wesicabucabu se-tarantula (Theraphosidae). Amanye amalungu alo mndeni angafika ku-30,5 cm ngemikhawulo yemilenze, njenge-king nyani, i-tarantula emnyama nebubende. Umzimba we-tarantulas uhlala uvalwe kakhulu ngezinwele ezinde nezinfishane. Umbala womzimba ungaba grey-brown noma imibala ekhanyayo (obomvu, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu). Ama-Tarantulas ahlala emazweni anezimo sezulu ezishisayo (i-Afrika, iNingizimu Melika, i-Oceania, i-Australia). Lezi zicabucabu zihlala izidleke zezinyoni namagundane noma zambe imigodi eduze kwesiqu zezihlahla. Iyasebenza kusihlwa. Ngemuva kwalokho bavele bazingele noma babambe isisulu esisebenzayo eduze. Ama-guaranteed adla izinambuzane, izinyoni ezincane namagundane. Lezi zicabucabu zizalela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ku-spider coco web spider, awathwala futhi angalahli. Zigada inzalo, ukuze izicabucabu ezikhishwe ku-cocoon, isikhathi esithile, zihlale esiswini sikanina. Kepha kungekudala baqala ukuphila impilo ezimele. Ubuthi be-tarantula bukhubekisa isisulu bese buna ukungaphakathi kwayo, bese isicabucabu simunca okuqukethwe emzimbeni wesisulu. Kubantu, ubuthi be-tarantula abubi yingozi, kodwa kunalokho kubuhlungu. Indawo yokuluma iyabhaka, ibuhlungu futhi ivuvukala, kwesinye isikhathi ithola umbala ophuzi. Kepha lezi zimpawu ziyanyamalala emavikini ambalwa.

Isiphambano Sesiphambano - Araneus

Iziphambano zingabameleli bomndeni wama-moths ajikelezayo (Araneidae). Ziyizicabucabu ezihlinzekiwe ngezinkontileka. Zinombala wesibeletho obunjwe ngeqanda, lapho kunomdwebo osesiphambanweni. Umbala womzimba kusuka kumpunga kuye obomvu. Zimbozwe ngopende olude olunqabile ukuhlukaniswa emzimbeni wonke futhi lumbozwe kakhulu ngezinwele ezimfishane, ezacile. Ubude bomzimba wesiduna buyi-10-11 mm, kuthi lowesifazane kube ngu-17- 40 mm. Kwi-CIS kanye naseRussia kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zezinqamu. Lezi zicabucabu ziyasebenza kusihlwa. Ngobuqili baluka iwebhu lapho kuqhamukela izinambuzane eziningi ezincane. Ukuqandanisa nokubekela amaqanda kwenzeka ekwindla. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ku-spider cocoon futhi uwafihla ngaphansi kwegxolo noma enye indawo eseceleni. Entwasahlobo, izicabucabu ziphuma ku-cocoon. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, isizukulwane esisha sezicabucabu sikhula, futhi umama wazo uyafa. Isicabucabu siyisiphambano esinobuthi, kepha asiyingozi kubantu. Ukuluma kwakhe kubuhlungu, kepha umuzwa ovuthayo nokuvuvukala okukhona esizeni sokuluma kunyamalale ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa.

Isicabucabu seKarakurt - iLatrodectus tredecimguttatus

Lesi akusona isicabucabu esikhulu esimnyama nhlobo. Umzimba wowesifazane (10-20 mm) umnyama ngokuphelele, lapho ubizwa khona ngokuthi umfelokazi omnyama, umzimba wesilisa (4-7 mm) nawo umnyama, kepha unamabala abomvu akhanyayo esiswini (ngokuvamile amabala ayi-13) ) Isicabucabu seKarakurt sihlala endaweni eseCentral Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, ogwini loLwandle iMedithera, eNyakatho Afrika, eSouth Europe, eKazakhstan, eningizimu yeRussia nase-Ukraine. Bathanda imithambeka yemifudlana, umhlonyane, udoti, amabhange ama-aryks. UKarakurt wehla ngezimbobo ezilahliwe ze-rodent nezinhlelo zokufaka umoya omncane, ukumboza umnyango ngewebhu. Ezinyangeni ezinjalo, izinsikazi nezinsikazi zishada ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ku-cocoon kusuka kuwebhu bese elenga emgodini wawo. Entwasahlobo, izicabucabu ziphuma cocoons. UKarakurt udla izinambuzane ezincane. Ubuthi babo bunobuthi ezilwaneni ezinkulu nakubantu. Ukutsha nokuvuvukala kwenzeka endaweni yokulimala. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-10-15, ubuthi busakazeka emzimbeni wonke bese umuntu ezwa izinhlungu esifubeni, engxenyeni yesisu. Futhi kukhona isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukujuluka, izibuko, i-delirium. Futhi uma unganikezeli ngosizo lwezokwelashwa ngaleso sikhathi, umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka (ezimeni eziningi). UKarakurt uluma isikhumba ngo-0,5 mm kuphela, ngakho-ke, kunconyelwa ukuthi kungakapheli imizuzu emi-2 ukulume, kushise indawo yokulimala ngomdlalo ovuthayo.

I-karakurt emhlophe - i-Latrodectus pallidus

Izithombe zekarakur emhlophe

Lesi yisicabucabu esimhlophe, esinemilenze emide nesisu esiyindilinga. Isisu simhlophe ngombala noma simile ngombala, ukufakwa kwe-4. Imilenze ne-cephalothorax ngumbala ophuzi noma onsundu. Isicabucabu esimhlophe sinobude bomzimba obuyi-10-20 mm. Abesifazane bangaphezu kwabesilisa. Izicabucabu ezimhlophe zifaka iwebhu ngendlela yesigaxa, exhunywe kwinethiwekhi yokuzingela. Bahlala eNyakatho Afrika, eMiddle East, e-Iran, eKazakhstan, eTurkmenistan naseAzerbaijan. Isicabucabu esimhlophe iKarakurt ayinalo ulaka, kepha ubuthi bayo bunobuthi futhi bungadala ubunzima. Imiphumela yobuthi itholakala kakhulu ezinganeni nasebekhulile. Ucwaningo lwe-Toxicological luveze ukuthi ubuthi be-karakurt emhlophe buyafana nobuthi be-karakurt (Latrodectus tredecimtugattus). Uma ukulunywa yilesi spider, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.

Isicabucabu seKamela - Isicabucabu se-Camel

Isicabucabu samakamela sinamagama amaningi: i-phalanx, i-bihorch, i-salpugi, abalungisa izinwele, i-barber, i-scorpion umoya. Umzimba (cm 5-7) ubumbekile kancane, ulula futhi ubomvu okumnyama, umbozwe ngokubomvu ngezinwele ezinde, ezacile. Ukuma komzimba wesicabucabu samakamela kufana nesibungu, ikakhulukazi nge-chelicera (uzipho) waso. Ngabo, uyakwazi ukuluma ngezipikili zomuntu ngisho namathambo amancane ezinyoni. Futhi, nge-chelicera yakhe, usika izinwele nezinsiba zezisulu zakhe azifaka ekhaya lakhe. Isicabucabu samakamela sihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule zase-Asia, Africa, America, Europe. Isidlali ebusuku se-spider spider. Kucishe kube nzima futhi kuthambe, kudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, amagundane, izibankwa. Amehlo ezicabucabu zamakamela anjengofezela: Amehlo ama-2 ahlanganisiwe phakathi nalawo ezinhlangothini ze-cephalothorax. Amehlo acwengekile asabela kahle ekunyakazeni, ngakho-ke lezi spider zishesha ngendlela emangalisayo ku-53 cm / s (1.9 km / h).
Isicabucabu samakamela asinobuthi, kodwa sinokuluma okulimaza kakhulu. Futhi ku-chelicera yakhe ingabola izinsalela zezicubu zesisulu sangaphambilini, ezingadala ukuvuvukala okukhulu.

Izicabucabu zeSkybok - iSalticidae

Izicabucabu ezigxumayo noma izicabucabu zamahhashi ziwumndeni wezicabucabu ze-araneomorphic, ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-610 zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-5800. Bahlala emahlathini ashisayo, ogwadule, ogwadule olungamaphethelo, endaweni efudumele yamahlathi nasezintabeni. Lezi yizicabucabu ezincane, kuze kufike ku-2 cm ubude. Umzimba uyi-pubescent. Lezi zicabucabu zinombono owakhiwe kahle. Zinamehlo ayi-8, ngenxa yazo abona ama-degree angama-360º. Izicabucabu ze-Spider phakathi kwazo ziyehluka ngokuma komzimba, umbala nobubanzi bazo. Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zezicabucabu zamahhashi:
- ihhashi lesicabucabu segolide lihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yamazwe ase-Asia, futhi libonwa yingxenye yesisu eside kanye nemilenze yokuqala emibili. Umzimba unombala wegolide oyingqayizivele kakhulu. Ubude besilisa akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwe-76 mm, kanti izinsikazi zinkulu

- Izicabucabu zehhashi laseHimalaya yizicabucabu ezincane kunazo zonke. Zihlala phezulu ngaphezu komkhawulo wolwandle eHimalaya, lapho inyamazane yazo kungukudalwa okungahleliwe okushaywa umoya umoya onamandla,

- Isicabucabu samahhashi oluhlaza sihlala eNew Guinea, New South Wales naseQueensland. Ngokuvamile kutholakala eNtshonalanga Australia. Owesilisa unombala ogqamile kakhulu, futhi umzimba wakhe uhlotshiswe "amadevu" amade anemibala emhlophe,

- inhlobo ebomvu enwembu yesicabucabu samahhashi ukuze ihlale ezindaweni ezomile. Isicabucabu esibomvu sivame ukutholakala ezindundwini ezisogwini noma emahlathini ama-oki aseNyakatho Melika. Lezi zicabucabu ezibomvu zihlukile ngoba ziyakwazi ukwakha izidleke zohlobo lwesilika ngaphansi kwamatshe nangaphezu komvini,

- Izinhlobo uHyllus Diardi zinomzimba ongama-1,3 cm ubude.Uqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu zamahhashi, ngenxa yalokho, uma zibamba inyamazane, inamathela ngentambo kasilika ekuxhaseni okuthile, bese igxuma isuka kulolo hlobo lokungenelwa olungemuva kwalo. umhlatshelo

- ihhashi lesicabucabu libukeka lifana kakhulu nentuthwane futhi livame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo ukusuka esifundeni sase-Afrika kuya enkabeni ye-Australia. Umbala womzimba ungahluka kusuka kokukhanya okuphuzi kuya kokumnyama.

Izicabucabu ezigibele ihlukile ngoba zingagxuma amabanga amade (amahlandla angama-20 usayizi womzimba wazo). Ngaphambi kokugxuma, banamathela kwisakhi esingaphansi komhlaba nge-web (ngaleyo ndlela begcizelela ukugxuma kwabo), bese bacindezela imizimba yabo ngemilenze yaboangemuva. Kubantu, izicabucabu azinangozi ngokuphelele. Banobuthi, kepha ayimthinti umuntu, futhi ukulunywa kwabo cishe akunabuhlungu.

I-Argiope Brunnich noma ispider spider - I-Argiope bruennichi

I-Argiope inegama lesibili isicabucabu se-wasp, njengoba umbala womzimba nokwakheka kwesisu kufana nokudlanga. Ubude bomzimba bungama-2-3 cm (span span). Isisu siqhakanjiswe ngemivimbo egqamile, imibala iphuzi, imhlophe, imnyama. Imilenze yinde, imfishane, ikakhulukazi esesimweni esenziwe nge-X. Isicabucabu sasemaphashini sihlala eKazakhstan, e-Asia Minor, eCentral Asia, eChina, Korea, eNdiya naseJapan, eNyakatho Afrika, eNyakatho naseYurophu Ephakathi, eCrimea eCaucasus. Lezi zicabucabu eRussia nazo zivame kakhulu. I-Argiope ingeyesigcawu somndeni wesicabucabu esijikelezayo (i-Araneidae). Kujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zicabucabu zifake i-web enjenge-wheel-wheel, futhi enkabeni ukuze ibe nokuqina (iphethini ye-zigzag). Lesi yisicabucabu sehlathi. Imvamisa uhlala ezindaweni ezinotshani, emahlathini, ezingadini, otshanini obude, phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla. Isicabucabu se-wasp sidla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngemuva kokuncibilika kowesifazane, kuyilapho isilinganiso somzimba wakhe sihlala sithambile. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda kukhukhunathi omkhulu (ubukeka njengebhokisi lembewu yezitshalo) awubeke eduze kwewebhu yokuzingela. Izicabucabu zishiya ikhukhunathi ekwindla yokuqala bese zixazulula umoya kuma-cobwebs. Kubantu, isicabucabu se-wasp akuyona ingozi. Ubuhlungu baso bungadala ukubomvu okuncane, ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu, kepha lezi zimpawu zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu.

Izicabucabu Izimpisi - iLycosidae

Izicabucabu ze-Wolf ziwumndeni wezicabucabu ze-araneomorphic, ezinezinhlobo ezingama-2367. Umbala womzimba uvame ukuba nsundu. Umzimba umbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane. Ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-3 cm (span span). Isicabucabu sempisi sihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ukhetha amahlathi anomswakama, izimbali, acashe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, amatshe, izinkuni. Abaluki iwebhu. Lezi yizicabucabu zobumba, ngakho-ke zihlala emgodini, ongaphakathi kuphela onamakhompiyutha. Uma lokhu kungumkhakha wangasese, ungakhubeka kalula kuwo ngaphansi. Uma kukhona ingadi eduzane, ingangena kalula egumbini lakho elingaphansi. Iyasebenza ebusuku. Isicabucabu se-wolf sizingela izinambuzane noma sibambe labo abagijimayo eduze komqhumo waso. Lesi sicabucabu si-jumper enhle. Ungagxumela ohlukunyeziwe, aziqinise nge-cobweb. Ukuhlanya kwenzeka ehlobo. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ibeka amaqanda kuziponji zesicabucabu, esizigqoka ekugcineni kwesisu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, izicabucabu zishiya ikhukhunazi bese zingena ngesisu sesithukuthuku sikamama. Ngakho-ke bahlala kuze kube yilapho befunda ukuthi bangazitholela kanjani ukudla kwabo. Isicabucabu sempisi siyingozi kubantu. Ukuluma kwakhe kufana nokulunywa yinyosi, okubangela ukuluma, ukuvuvukala nokubomvu, okudlula ngokushesha ngokwanele.

Ukuhluza Izicabucabu - Pholcidae

Lo mndeni unezinhlobo ezi-1000 zesicabucabu. Izicabucabu ze-haymaking zinomzimba omncane nemilenze emide emincane. Usayizi womzimba 2-10 mm. Ubude bemilenze bufika ku-50 mm. Umbala womzimba ungwevu noma ubomvu. Spider hayfields zijabulisa. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emakhaya abantu. Lapho, bathola izindawo ezifudumele nezomile, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamawindi. Zidla ezinambuzaneni ezincane. Lezi zicabucabu zifaka iwebhusayithi enkulu ngendlela enesiphithiphithi.Iwebhu akuyona okunamathelayo, kodwa lapho isisulu ezama ukuphuma, Ufika obuntofontofo nakakhulu. Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda azo ku-cocoon yesicabucabu, eziyinamathisela eceleni kwamanetha wokuzingela. Kubantu, izicabucabu ze-hayfire azinangozi ngokuphelele. isihlungu sayo iphephile, futhi bite akunakwenzeka ukuzizwa.

UGoliath Tarantula - Theraphosa blondi

Lesi sicabucabu esikhulu sithathwa njengesikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ububanzi imilenze yakhe sifinyelela 30 cm. Ngo Venezuela (1965), omunye bale zinhlobo sasitholakala kuyi Guinness Book of Records. Isikhala semilenze yaso sasingamasentimitha angama-28. Kukholakala ukuthi ubude bomlenze weHeteropoda maxima bude bude bufika kuma-35 cm. Kepha lolu hlobo lomzimba lunomzimba omncane nemilenze emide emincane. Ngakho-ke umncane ngokumelene nokubuyela emuva kwe-goliath enkulu.
Kutholakale isidumbu goliath kuyinto brown okhanyayo noma onsundu, ezinabantu embozwe izinwele iDemo. Bahlala emiseleni, ekungeneni kwayo kufakwe ngamakhandlela. Lesi spider esikhulu sihlala emahlathini emvula aseSuriname, eGuyana, eVenezuela, enyakatho yeBrazil. It udla ehlukahlukene izinambuzane, namagundane, amaxoxo, izibankwa ngisho izinyoka. Isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu besifazane yiminyaka engu-15-25, abesilisa - 3-6. Lezi zicabucabu ziyamangaza ngoba ziyakwazi ukwenza umsindo wokuhlokoma, ukufutheka kwe-chelicera yazo, amandla okuxhawula izinwele zisuka esiswini ebusweni besitha, okudala ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwama-mucous. Futhi, uhlobo lolwembu olunesihlungu goliath has chelicera ezinkulu futhi abukhali (izimpiko), ngalo bengase bakulume kabuhlungu kakhulu. Ubuthi babo abubi yingozi kubantu, izimpawu ziyafana nangemva kokugwazwa kwenyosi.

I-Runner Spider (isicabucabu sebutho, ibhanana, isicabucabu esizulazulayo) - I-Phoneutria

I-Brazilian spider umgijimi kuyinto isicabucabu kakhulu ezinesihlungu emhlabeni. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela ku-15 cm. Umzimba ububende, umbala ompunga ngombala. Ihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Isibankwa umgijimi odla izinambuzane, amaxoxo, izibankwa, izinyoni ezincane. Kuhlala imisele, ngaphansi kombhede onqabayo. Kepha izindawo ezihlala zodwa emizini yabantu ziba yikhaya lakhe. Ivame ukubizwa kubhanana ngoba ngokuvamile butholakala amabhokisi zikabhanana. Lezi zicabucabu ezesabekayo zinobuthi obunobuthi obukhulu obudala ukubulala ngokushesha, yingakho ziyizicabucabu ezinobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubuhlungu babo buqukethe i-neurotoxin PhTx3, ekhubazeka yonke imisipha emzimbeni womuntu, ibangele ukuqunjelwa bese ibulawa. Phakathi kokulunywa nokufa amahora 2-6 kuphela kudlule. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, isenzo sobuthi bomgibeli wesigcawu sithinta abantu abadala nezingane. Kuze kube manje, kunomgomo wokugomela othambisa isenzo sobuthi, ngakho-ke, uma ukulunywa yisicabucabu, umgijimi udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngokuphuthumayo.

Njengoba ubona, abamele arachnids zihlukile ngakho: abanye babo ziyamjabulisa iso, futhi lapho abanye babone igazi nqabela emithanjeni yabo, abanye kungenziwa up abelethwe noma alethwe ekhaya njengoba isilwane, futhi abanye mbewu ukwesaba imbangela osheshayo ukufa. Manje usuyazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zesicabucabu ezingenangozi ngokuphelele, futhi yiziphi okudingeka ungahlali kuzo. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi izinhlobo eziyingozi zezicabucabu azitholakali endaweni yakithi, kodwa ikakhulukazi emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo. Kodwa ngeke wazi ukuthi yini engase yenzeke ... Umhlobo nakanjani ezingalindelekile.

Igama "isicabucabu - ihhashi "Ngokubanzi, kufaka cishe i-600 genera nezinhlobo ezingama-6000. Abamele lo mndeni baziwa ngamehlo abo abukhali kakhulu, abasiza bobabili ekuzingeleni nasekuzinikezeleni phansi.

Okunye okuphawulekayo ngohlelo lokuphefumula olunezifo eziningi, oluqukethe wonke amaphaphu ne-trachea. Hlangana isicabucabu sehhashi esivamile kungenzeka cishe yonke indawo. Abamele izinhlobo eziningi bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo; bande endaweni eshisayo yamahlathi, ogwadule nolwasemfuleni, nezintaba (i-Euophrys omnisuperstes yatholakala ososayensi engqungqutheleni ye-Everest ngeminyaka yama-70s). Omunye wemisebenzi eyintandokazi yesicabucabu ukushiswa yilanga, isikhathi eside kube kunoma iyiphi indawo efanelekile nalokhu, yebo mpo.

Umugqa wesibili umelwa ngamehlo amancane amancane avele phakathi “kobuso”, umugqa wesithathu uqukethe amehlo amabili amakhulu, atholakala ekhoneni lekhanda ngemuva, emngceleni nesifuba. Ngakho-ke, inokubonakala okungapheli kwama-degree angama-360, okuwusizo kakhulu lapho izingela futhi kumsiza ukuba agweme umhlangano ongafuneki nesitha.

Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, umbala nombala wabantu kuyahlukahluka. Abamele zilwane ngazinye asikhumbuza ngaphezulu ukubukeka noma elincane, ungase futhi ukude zifane.

Uma zisendaweni entsha, izicabucabu zizoqala ukuzingela izinambuzane ezincane, bese kunciphisa isidingo sokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuxhashazwa engadini.

Spider-ihhashi akuyona neze ingozi kumuntu, ungayithatha ngqo ngezandla zakho ezingenalutho, ngokucophelela kakhulu ukuze ungalimazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunangozi kubantu hhayi ngenxa yokuntuleka kobuthi, Isicabucabu samahhashi sinobuthi , kepha isikhumba asinqotshwa ukulunywa kwakhe, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu mikhulu kakhulu ngengane ukuba ayazise njengento edinga ulaka noma ngisho nokunakwa.

Thenga spider sehhashi impela nje ezitolo zezilwane ezikhethekile, lokhu kudumile kubangelwa umbala wawo ogqamile, ukungalimazi ngokuphelele kubantu nekhono lokuzivumelanisa kalula nempilo nokudingiswa.

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