Igama lesi Latin: | Emberiza hortulana |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | Oatmeal |
Ngokwengeziwe: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Kubonakala kuncane kakhulu kune-oatmeal ejwayelekile, emfushane ne-compact. Imilenze imfishane futhi ibuthakathaka, uqhwaku alunkulu, aluleki, lunomugqa oqondile noma ocishe uqonde futhi negebe elicishe lingavezwa phakathi komlomo futhi linamandla. Ubude bomzimba 15-18 cm, isisindo esingu-16-30 g, amaphiko angama-23-29 cm. Ukuziphatha kufana ne-oatmeal ejwayelekile.
Incazelo. Ngemuva namaphiko anombala onsundu, ongezansi ubomvu-buffy. Ikhanda nesifuba sowesilisa kuphuzi ngombala amadevu avelele wesibabule-aphuzi, umphimbo nendandatho esweni. Owesifazane ufiphele, ikhanda linombala onsundu onsundu, umngcele wamathoni ampunga nokubomvu esifubeni "ugubuzelwe" yimigudu emide yobude obude, amathoni aphuzi ayafiphala. Izinyoni ezincane ziba buthuntu ngokwengeziwe futhi zizigaxa, ama-shades wesibabule ophuzi nanohlaza okotshani zivame ukushintshwa yi-ocher ephaphathekile onsundu. Amabala amhlophe kulombhangqwana obedlulele wezimpaphe zomsila kukhona okusaqanda kunokuba abunjwe ngendlela yomugqa. Kuzo zonke izingubo, kwehluka nge-oatmeal ejwayelekile ngokungabikho kwephethini emnyama ezinhlangothini zekhanda nesigqoko, indandatho ekhanyayo ebonakalayo ezungeze iso. Kude kude, uqhwaku obomvu nemilenze nakho kuyabonakala. Inyoni endizayo ihluka nge-oatmeal ejwayelekile ethambile (ithoni eyodwa enomhlane) ephansi emuva nokuhlelwa okuhlukile kwezindawo ezimhlophe emsileni.
Vota. Ingoma ohlelweni ifana nengoma ye-oatmeal ejwayelekile, kodwa ngamafuphi, isigingci sifana kakhulu nengoma kaDubrovnik - "I-Zir-Zir-Zir-Zyu. "noma"Lokho-kusebenza-oku-lyuyu. ", I-syllable yokugcina ngokuvamile iphansi kunangaphambili. Izingcingo, ukukhala kokukhathazeka - kukhulu "tiv», «baphuze», «tsiv", Njenge-Finch, hhayi ingxoxo ejwayelekile ye-oatmeal.
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Izinhlobo ezisuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu ziye esifundeni saseBaikal, eMongolia, e-Iran, eMiddle East. EScandinavia ifinyelela enyakatho iye e-Arctic Circle, eRussia - kufinyelela esifundeni esiseningizimu ye-taiga. Ukufuduka, ubusika e-sub-Saharan Africa. Isifunda sivame eningizimu yendawo ehlathini.
Indlela yokuphila. Ikhetha izindawo ezinemibala emihle (ikakhulukazi i-anthropogenic endaweni yehlathi). Lawa imiphetho, imigqa yama-steppe, amabhande amahlathi, ama-waspelands anokhula. Ihlala nezitebhisi ezinezihlahla ezomile. Ifika ngesikhathi samahlamvu, kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Izinduna phansi, zimbozwe ngamakhethini otshani. I-clutch imvamisa inamaqanda ayi-4-6 ngokukhanya, anombala obomvana, onsundu noma onsomi wegobolondo, embozwe izindawo ezimnyama ezinsundu, ama-curls nemigqa. Owesifazane kuphela owakha isidleke futhi afakwe, ukufakwa kuhlala izinsuku eziyi-11 kuya kwezingu-13, kanti ukondla amachwane esidlekeni kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-8-10. Kunokuzala okukodwa ngesizini. Ukuhamba kuqala maphakathi no-Agasti bese kuphela ngoSepthemba.
Izindiza ezingazodwa ziyaziwa ogwini lolwandle olumnyama lweCaucasus i-oatmeal ekhokhiswe obomvuEmberiza caesia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu, imibala, izwi, kuyafana kakhulu ne-oatmeal engadini. Ihluka ngethoni engwevu (ukusuka kowesilisa kuya kwesibhakabhaka) ekhanda nasesifubeni (ngaphandle kwe-green-hue green), hhayi ophuzi (owolintshi owesilisa, okhanyayo okhanyayo entombazaneni nasezinsaneni ezincane) "amadevu" nomphimbo, indandatho emhlophe ye-orbital, nesinqe esibomvu.
Empumalanga yeCaucasus, ezintabeni ezomile nasezintabeni eziphansi ezinezihlahlana, kutholakala amatshe namatshe angaphandle, kutholakala ngamatshe, noma itshe, oatmealEmberiza buchanani. Ngokwengeza, usayizi, uhlobo lokufakelwa kombala, umbala woqhwaku nemilenze, kuyafana nengadi ye-oatmeal, kepha akukho toni eluhlaza okotshani nokuphuzi ku-plumage, imichilo emuva ingemfushane, amadevu kanye nendandatho ye-orbital imhlophe, akukho bhendi emsundu esifubeni. Ikhanda lowesilisa linombala ogqamile, insikazi ayikakhuli imichilo esifubeni, izinyoni ezincane nazo zibukeka zincane. Izingcingo, njenge-oatmeal engadini, ingoma enesiphetho esihlukile - "ziv-ziv-ziv-tyur-dash».
I-Garden Bunting (Emberiza hortulana)
Ikhasi lengadi yensimu (ngaphambili - ingadi kaHazyanka)
Yonke insimu yeBelarus
Umndeni we-Oatmeal - Emberizidae.
Uhlobo lweMonotypic, alwakhi u-subspecies.
Isidleke esincane esijikelezayo futhi esithutha. Isatshalaliswa kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile engxenyeni eseningizimu yeRiphabhulikhi (kaningi engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yePolesie).
Encane kune-oatmeal ejwayelekile. Ubukhulu bukondlunkulu, obufana nayo emikhakheni ejwayelekile yomzimba, ngumsila kuphela obude. Owesilisa has phezulu nezinhlangothi zekhanda, kanye nesifuba, i-ashen-grey, nomphimbo uphuzi ngokuphuzi. Ngemuva nomsila kungwephuzi lomnqumo ngombala omude omude, umsila nezimpaphe ezindizayo zinsundu. Isifuba esingenhla nesisu zibomvu ngokubomvu, umlomo kanye nemilenko kupinki. Abesifazane bafana nabesilisa, kepha umbala weplamu uthambile kakhulu. Owesifazane unekhanda nesifuba emifudlaneni emnyama emide, kanti nezinyoni ezincane nazo zintula amathoni abomvu ku-plumage yebele. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-19- 26 g, izinsikazi zingu-18-25 g. Ubude bomzimba (bobabili ubulili) buyi-16- 17 cm cm, amaphiko ngamaphiko buyi-24-29 cm. Ubude bamaphiko abesilisa yi-8-9 cm, umsila ungama-6-7,5 cm, I-1.7-2 cm, umlomo u-1 cm. Ubude bephiko labesifazane buyi-8 cm, umsila ngu-6.5 cm, iTarsus 1.9-2 cm, umlomo u-1 cm.
Ingoma iyi-sonorous, melodic, ukude ukufana nokukhala kwensimbi ethuthumela noma insimbi.
Ihlala endaweni evulekile enezihlahla ezinde zodwa, izihlahlana eziqhekekile hhayi izimila zotshani obukhulu kakhulu. Prefers emaphethelweni ezinkuni kanye nezihlahlana phakathi kwamasimu. Ihlala nasezivandeni, emifuleni etholakala emifuleni nasezivandeni endaweni enkudlwana, emahlathini avikelwe yiqhwa avikelekile emigwaqweni emikhulu, enamatshe amade aminyene amakhethini ezihlahlana nokhula ezahlukahlukene.
Entwasahlobo kufika futhi indiza engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Abesilisa ngabokuqala ukufika futhi ngokushesha nje sebefikile baqala ukucula.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufika, ingadi i-oatmeal ikhetha indawo enendawo yokwakha isidleke bese iyokwakha isidleke. Izinhlobo ngokuzala ngokwehlukana, okuvame ukutholakala kude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni ethile kwezinye izindawo zingakha izindawo eziminyene impela.
Yakha isidleke emhlabathini, imvamisa ezitshalweni zamabele akhiqizwayo, ensimini ye-clover, phakathi kwezimila ezinotshani ngaphansi kwesihlahla esincane noma umgodi wotshani, ngaphansi kophahla lobumba, isifihle ngekhono. Ngokuzithandela inesidleke endaweni engalingani: emthambekeni wesigodi esincane, umsele noma umsele. Ukwakha isidleke, ukhetha umgodi ojulile kangangokuba umphetho wawo ophezulu usezingeni eliphansi. Izinto zokwakha zingumhlanga ezomile namaqabunga ezinkozo, izimpande ezondile, namaqabunga omile ngezikhathi ezithile. I-lining iningi kakhulu (ifinyelela ku-1.5 cm ubukhulu) futhi iqukethe izimpande, izinwele zamahhashi, kwezinye izimo nge-nhlanganisela yezimpaphe. Ubukhulu obumaphakathi besidleke: ububanzi besidleke 13.4 cm, ukuphakama kwesidleke ngo-5.2 cm, ukugoba okuyi-3.7 cm, ububanzi baka-6.8 cm.
Ekubekeni amaqanda ngokuphelele ama-4-6 (imvamisa ama-5). Igobolondo limfushane, limhlophe, linombala ocwebezelayo, ompunga, kwesinye isikhathi opinki noma okhanyayo onsundu. Kuyo, amabala, amachashazi, imigqa etholakele ihlakazekile ayihlakazeki kakhulu: yilezi ezinkulu ezingaphezulu (ezimnyama, ezimnyama-onsundu noma ezi-cherry-zimnyama) nezincanyana ezijulile (ukukhanya nokukhanya okupunga noma okupinki). Isisindo seqanda le-2.6 g, ubude 18-20 mm, ububanzi 15 mm.
Le nyoni iqala ukubeka amaqanda maphakathi no-Meyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Cishe kukhona amazinyane amaningi ngonyaka, ngoba ukuba khona kweziqubu zesibili akukasungulwa ngokuthembekile. Esimweni sokufa komashi, kuyaphindwa. Insikazi ifukamela izinsuku eziyi-11 kuya kwezingu-12. Bobabili abazali bondla amachwane.
Kakade ezinsukwini eziyishumi, namanje engazi ukuthi zindiza kanjani, amaphuphu asakazeka esidlekeni asakazeke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuziphatha ngokwezinga elithile kuvimbela ukufa kwesibalo sazo zonke izinyamazane.
Izidleke zezinyoni ezincane zitholakala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - kuJulayi ezigodini zemifula. Ngaphambi kokusuka ekwindla, izingcezwana zasengadini azakhi amaqoqo amakhulu.
Ukuhamba kwe-Autumn kwe-oatmeal yengadi eBelarus kuwela engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba - ingxenye yokuqala ka-Okthoba.
Zidla ngembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ngenkathi zondla amachwane azingela izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo.
Inani le-oatmeal yengadi eBelarus ilinganiselwa kwizimbili eziyizi-2,5 ukuya kwezi-4,4, ngokusho kwesilinganiso sakamuva sababili abayizinkulungwane ezi-2 - 4 Inani liyahlukahluka ngonyaka.
Izinhlobo lezi zifakiwe kwiNcwadi eBomvu yaseBelarus kusukela ngo-1993. Izici ezinqala ezisongela ukuguqulwa kwama-agrolandscapes, ikakhulukazi ukucekelwa phansi kwamakhophi, amakhethini ehlathi nezihlahla phakathi kwamasimu nezihlahla.
Ubudala obukhulu obhalisiwe eYurophu buyiminyaka eyi-6 izinyanga eziyi-10.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Umbuso wezilwane waseBelarus. Ama-Vertebrates: incwadi yemibhalo. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 k.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yotesky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus: Isikhombisi-Handbook-Iseluleko seZilimo namaqanda" Minsk, 1989. -479 k.
3. UGaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I. V. "Isayensi yezinyoni eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.
4. UFedyushin A. V., UDolbik M. S. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. UFransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) KUSUKELA uhlu lwamarekhodi okuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinyoni zaseYurophu.
Incazelo
Kuthunyelwe emazweni amaningi eYurophu naseNtshonalanga Asia. Ekwindla, uthuthela endaweni eshisayo yase-Afrika, abuyele ezweni lakubo ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izindawo abahlala kuzo ziyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zohla lwabo. Ngakho-ke, eFrance, izingilazi ezihlala engadini zithande ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezivini, kanti kwamanye amazwe zingakaze zibonwe ezindaweni ezinjalo. Ibanga lisuka enyakatho liye eScandinavia nangale kwe-Arctic Circle, lapho inyoni idla khona emasimini ommbila nasezindaweni ezihlala kuzo.
I-oatmeal yaseGadini ubude bayo buyi-16 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-20-25 g. ngokubukeka nasekuziphatheni kwayo, iyafana ne-oatmeal ejwayelekile, kepha umbala ukhanya kancane. Ikhanda liluhlaza okotshani. Izwi liyabusa, iculo liqukethe amakhwela ambalwa futhi alula kakhulu kune-oatmeal ejwayelekile.
Izindlovu zitholakala emhlabathini noma eduze kwawo. Zinezimilo ezijingijolo noma eziyindilinga, zingamasentimitha ayi-8 ukuya ku-12 cm.I-oatmeal engadini ibeka amaqanda ayi-4-4 ngegobolondo elimenyezelayo nomthunzi obonakalayo omncane oblowu. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku eziyi-11 ukuya ku-12. Amakati aphuma esidlekeni engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni.
Ingadi i-oatmeal idla imbewu yezitshalo, kepha amabhungane nezinye izinambuzane zidla amantshontsho lapho zizondla.
Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside endle yiminyaka engu-5.8.
I-Gastronomy
Ingadi i-oatmeal iyadliwa futhi ibhekwe njengento edonswayo. Ngokwesiko, izinsimbi ezihlala engadini zondliwe ngenkani, zikhiyiwe ebhokisini elimnyama ngamamil. Ubumnyama kulezi zinyoni zenza kusebenze ukuthambekela kokudla okungapheli. I-Oatmeal ibulawa ngokushona e-Armagnac, ngemuva kwalokho igcotshwe iphelele futhi idliwe ngokuphelele. Isiko lesiFrance lokufaka lesi sitsha kufakwa ukumboza ikhanda nokudla isicubu, okusebenza ukugxilisa iphunga lesitsha. Nokho, leli siko lihunyushwa ngokunamandla njengomzamo wokufihla okwenzeka emehlweni kaNkulunkulu. (Esiqeshini sesi-6 sonyaka wesithathu ochungechungeni lwamaBhiliyoni, lo mkhuba ukhonjiswe kahle)
I-Pickled oatmeal nayo ibiyingxenye yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eCyprus.
Ukuzingela i-oatmeal kuvinjelwe ngumthetho eFrance kusukela ngo-1999, noma kunjalo, kuyaqhubeka. Phakathi konyaka we-1997 nowe-2007, kudliwa ama-oatmeal angaphezu kuka-50 000 eFrance minyaka yonke, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwama-30% kubantu bawo
Ukubukeka
Usayizi we-oatmeal engadini mncane: ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-16 cm, futhi isisindo sawo sisuka ku-20 kuye ku-25 g. Naphezu kokufana kwawo nesipele, akunakwenzeka ukudidanisa lezi zinyoni ezimbili: umbala we-oatmeal engadini ulula kakhulu, futhi nesakhiwo somzimba naso sihluke kakhulu: umzimba wakhe uphakeme ngokwedlulele, imilenze nomsila wakhe mude, futhi uqhwaku lwayo lukhulu kakhulu.
Kulesi zinhlobo, izici zemibala ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobulili nobudala benyoni. Ezindongeni eziningi zasengadini, ikhanda lidwetshwe ngombala onsundu ompunga, ovele ubenombala onsundu ngombala onsundu entanyeni, bese ufakwa umbala obomvana ngokubomvu ngemuva kwenyoni, okuthi esikhundleni sayo kube ngompunga onsundu ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka emuva naphambili. Amapayipi asemaphikweni amnyama ngombala onsundu, anebala elimhlophe elimhlophe.
Indandatho ekhanyayo ezungeze amehlo, kanye ne-chin, umphimbo kanye ne-goiter, ingaba yisiphi isithunzi kusuka ephuzi elikhanyayo eligcwele kuze kube mhlophe ophuzi, okuthi kancane kancane kuphenduke umnqumo ompunga esifubeni se-oatmeal. Isisu nangaphansi kune-tint brownish ene-tint ephuzi emaceleni. Uqhwaku nemilenze yalezi zinyoni zinombala okhanyayo obomvu, futhi amehlo anombala onsundu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ebusika, izinkumbi zemibhoshongo engadini yehluke kancane ehlobo: umbala wayo uba mnyama, bese kuvela umngcele obanzi emaphethelweni ezimpaphe.
Ezinyoni ezincane, umbala uyakhanya ngokwengeziwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphuphu asekhulile anemifudlana emide emide emzimbeni nasekhanda. Imilomo nemilenze yazo inombala onsundu, hhayi obomvu, njengezihlobo zawo ezindala.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ingadi i-oatmeal ingelinye lalezo zinyoni ezindiza ebusika ukuze zifudumele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ekwindla. Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho beqala ukuthutha, njengomthetho, bawela phakathi ekwindla. Ngentwasahlobo, izinyoni zishiya ubusika e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia bese zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zendabuko ukuze zinikeze impilo isizukulwane esisha semibhida engadini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-buntings engadini athande ukufudukela eningizimu emihlambini emikhulu, kepha babuya ekuzuleni, njengomthetho, ngamaqembu amancane.
Lezi zinyoni ziphila impilo yansuku zonke, futhi ehlobo zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa, lapho ukushisa kuncipha okuncane noma kungakaqali ukuqala. Njengabo bonke abantu abadlula ngendlela, izingilazi ezifuywayo zithanda ukubhukuda ezigodini, emihosheni engajulile nasemifuleni engasogwini, futhi ngemuva kokugeza zihlala ogwini bese ziqala ukuhlanza amapayipi alo. Izwi lalezi zinyoni libuye likhumbuze ukucula kwe-passerine, kodwa futhi liqukethe ama-trill, abathi ama-ornithologists abawabiza ngokuthi "ukugoqa". Njengomthetho, izingcingo zasengadini zihlabelela, zihlala emagatsheni aphezulu ezihlahla noma ezihlahleni, zisuka lapho zingasibheka khona leso simo nalapho zibonakale khona ngokwazo.
Ngokungafani nondlunkulu, ama-buntings awabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ze-sassy, kepha ngasikhathi sinye abesabi abantu ngokuphelele: bangaqhubeka nokwenza ibhizinisi labo ngokuzithoba phambi komuntu. Futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaba lusizo ukuthi abantu besabe ukugcotshwa engadini, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala eFrance: lokhu kungasiza abaningi babo ukuthi bagweme isiphetho sokubanjwa futhi, okungcono, bagcine sebeboshwe ekheji ekhoneni lokuhlala, futhi okubi kakhulu ube isidlo esimnandi endaweni yokudlela ebizayo.
Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni zinezimpande ngokumangazayo, yingakho abathandi bezilwane zasendle abaningi bezigcina zisekhaya.. Izindimbane ezingadini, ezihlala emgedeni noma ezindizeni, zivumela abanini bazo ukuthi bazithathe, futhi uma lezi zinyoni zikhishwa ekhejini, azami ukundiza, kepha kaningi, ngemuva kokwenza imibuthano emincane ezungeze igumbi, ziphindela ekhejini. .
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ubukhulu abesilisa nabesifazane bezinsikazi ezingadini azifani kakhulu, futhi ukwakheka komzimba kuyafana, ngaphandle kokuthi insikazi ingaba poizuyuschee engaphezulu. Noma kunjalo, i-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi zinyoni ibonakala ngokucacile ngenxa yokuhluka kombala wezinsikazi: emadodeni kuyakhanya futhi kuhluke kakhulu kunakwabesifazane. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ikhanda lowesilisa limpunga, umhlane nomsila onsundu, intamo, umphimbo, isifuba nesisu siphuzi, imvamisa nge-tint ye-orange.
Ekufakweni kombala kowesifazane, amathoni omnqumo oluhlaza okotshani agqamile, kanti isifuba sakhe nesisu kwenziwa mhlophe nge-tinge yomnqumo ohlaza okotshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe zensikazi azinawo umngcele okhanyayo njengowesilisa. Kepha insikazi inechashaza elimnyama esifubeni sayo, eduna cishe lingabonakali.
Kubalulekile! Izinsikazi zensimu i-oatmeal zipendiwe ngemibala enesilinganiso esifudumele sombala onsundu, kuyilapho izinsikazi kulula ukuzibona ngophimbo lwazo lomnqumo oluhlaza okotshani, oluhamba phambili ngombala wazo.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ingadi i-oatmeal isasazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNtshonalanga Asia. Ngokungafani nezinsimbi eziningi zezingoma ezikhetha i-lat laterate, zingatholakala nase-Arctic.Ngaseningizimu, uhla lwazo eYurophu lufinyelela yonke indlela eya eMedithera, kodwa, eziqhingini ezizihlala eCyprus kuphela. Lezi zinyoni zihlala nase-Asia - zisuka eSyria nasePalestine ziye entshonalanga neMongolia. Ubusika, izingxenyana ezilengayo ezindizayo zibalekela eSouth Asia nase-Afrika, lapho zitholakala khona kusukela ePersian Gulf naseNyakatho Afrika uqobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuya ngengxenye yobubanzi babo, izingxenyana zasengadini zingahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi, kaningi, kulezo ongeke uzithole kwezinye izifunda.
Ngakho-ke, eFrance, lezi zinyoni zihlala eduze kwezivini, kepha azitholakali kwenye indawo kwamanye amazwe.. I-Oatmeal ihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinamahlathi nezikhala ezivulekile. Emahlathini aminyene, angabonakala ezindaweni ezivulekile noma emaceleni. Imvamisa nazo zihlala ezivandeni - zamasiko noma esele zilahliwe, kanye nasemfuleni ongasemfuleni. Lezi zinyoni zitholakala ezintabeni eziphansi, emithambekeni, noma kunjalo, azikhuphuki kude ezindaweni eziphakemeyo.
Ukudla kwengadi oatmeal
I-oatmeal yabantu abadala idla ngokuyinhloko ekudleni kwezitshalo, kepha inzalo nayo ingadla ama-invertebrates amancane, anjengezinyawo zezinyawo, izicabucabu, izinambuzane, neentwala zezinkuni ngesikhathi sokudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, amacimbi ezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, njengamabhele asehlathini, abe ukudla akuthandayo. Njengoba igama lale nyoni lisho, okusanhlamvu kwama-oat kungukudla okuthandayo, kepha ingadi i-oatmeal ayenqabi kusuka kubhali, kanye nembewu yezinye izitshalo ze-herbaceous: i-bluegrass, i-nettle, i-bird Higherer, i-clover, i-dandelion, i-plantain, engikhohlwa-hhayi, i-sorrel, i-fescue, i-spruce iminyene.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ingadi ye-oatmeal ithanda ukondla amachwane ngokudla okubandakanya ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ekuqaleni, abazali babondla ngokudla okugayiwe okumbalwa, abakulethela i-goiter, bese-ke - ngezinambuzane eziphelele.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Isikhathi sokuzalela kulezi zinyoni ziqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba zibuyele ezindaweni zazo, lapho izinsikazi zifika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva kunabesilisa, okuthi, ngemuva kokufika kwezinsikazi, ziqale ukucula izingoma, zidonsela ukunaka kwezinyoni zobulili obuhlukile.
Njengoba sebakhe ngababili, i-oatmeal iqala ukwakha isidleke, futhi, ukwakha isisekelo sayo, bakhetha indawo yokuphumula eduze komhlaba, embozwe ngeziqu ezomile zezitshalo zikakolweni, izimpande ezomile noma amaqabunga omile. Ingaphakathi lesidleke lenyoni limbozwe ihhashi noma ezinye izinwele zezinwele, ezingazithola, kwesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, izingxenyana zasengadini zisebenzisa izimpaphe noma i-fluff ngalezi zinhloso.
Isidleke sinokwakheka okusobala noma okuyindilinga futhi siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili: ingaphandle nengaphakathi. Ububanzi bebonke bungafinyelela ku-12 cm, nobubanzi besendlalelo esingaphakathi bufika ku-6.5 cm. Kulesi simo, isidleke sijule ngo-3-4 cm, ukuze umphetho waso uhlangane nomphetho womgodi ehlelwe kuwo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma isimo sezulu sinelanga futhi sifudumele, khona-ke isikhathi sokwakha isidleke siyizinsuku ezimbili. Insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda ezinsukwini ezingama-1-2 ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa kwayo.
Njengomthetho, ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-4-5 amhlophe angcolile ane-tint ebandayo yamaqanda, afakwe amabala amakhulu ansundu ngombala wemivimbo kanye nama-curls. Futhi egobolondweni leqanda ungabona amabala ansomi-onsomi atholakala ngaphansi kwawo. Ngenkathi insikazi ihlala esidlekeni, ibopha inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, eyeduna imlethela ukudla futhi ngazo zonke izindlela kungenzeka ivikele engozini engaba khona.
Imikhaza izalwa cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10-16 ngemuva kokuqala kokuqandeka. Zimbozwe ngotshani obunsundu ngokunsundu futhi, njengama-birdbird amaningi asemancane, umugqa womlomo wawo ngaphakathi unesithunzi esikhanyayo noma esimnyama. Amachwane aqhakaza, kodwa akhule ngokushesha, ukuze kuthi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-12 akwazi ukushiya isidleke ngokwawo, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5 aqale ukufunda ukundiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu asekhulile aqala ukudla imbewu engavuthiwe yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zokusanhlamvu noma i-herbaceous futhi ngokushesha acishe aphenduke ngokuphelele kusuka ekudleni kwezilwane kuya ekutshaleni ukudla.
Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-oatmeal asencane nabazali bawo aqoqana emihlanganweni futhi alungiselela ukundiza aye eningizimu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni ezindala ziqonde ngokuphelele lapho iplamu isuswe ngokuphelele entsha. I-molt yesibili yonyaka inengxenye, futhi, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, yenzeka ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari. Ngalo, kufakwa esikhundleni sezimpaphe ezincane. Izimbotshana zasengadini zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba cishe unyaka, futhi eminyakeni efanayo kuqala bafune umngane womshado futhi bakhe isidleke.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngenxa yokuthi izidleke zasengadini ezi-oatmeal emhlabathini, imvamisa amaqanda abekwa ngowesifazane wale nyoni, amachwane amancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abadala, baba yizisulu zezinyamazane. Ezinyoni zokudla engadini i-oatmeal, ama-hawks nezikhova kuyingozi ikakhulukazi: ezokuqala ezizingela emini, nokuzingela kwakamuva ebusuku. Kwezilwane ezincelisayo, izitha zemvelo zalezi zinyoni yizilwane ezidla ezinye njengezimpungushe, izinsimbi kanye namabhulukwe.
Kubalulekile! Izindimbane ezingadini ezihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha noma eduze nasezindlini zasehlobo, zivame ukuba izisulu zamakati nezinja zasekhaya. Futhi okuyingozi kubo ezindaweni ezitshaliwe kungaba ngamaqhude angwevu, imilingo namajay, futhi athanda ukuhlala eduze kwezindlu zabantu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Emhlabeni, inani eliphelele lokufakelwa engadini lifinyelela okungenani ezigidini ezingama-22, futhi abanye abasebenza nge-ornithologists bakholelwa ukuthi isibalo salezi zinyoni okungenani singabantu abayizigidi ezingama-95. Akunakwenzeka ukubala inani eliqondile lezinyoni ezincane ezinendawo ebanzi kangaka. Noma kunjalo, kungashiwo ukuthi, njengohlobo, ukuqothulwa kwe-oatmeal engadini akusongeli kangako, njengoba kufakazelwa isimo sabo semvelo somhlaba jikelele: Ukukhathazeka okuncane.
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-oatmeal yengadi iyinhlobo eningi futhi ichuma kakhulu, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu futhi, okokuqala, eFrance, lezi zinyoni zithathwa njengezinqabile, uma kungenjalo zisengozini.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni zazimane zidliwe kulawo mazwe lapho izingxishi zasengadini, ngoba, ngeshwa, izihlobo zazo eziseduzane, zaba ezingavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi izilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa abantu abathathe isinqumo sokuthi i-oatmeal ingaba yisitsha sokudla okunamafutha, lapho kulungiswa khona kwaqanjwa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile eRoma yasendulo yokuphalaza nokulungisa izidumbu zezinyoni zokuzigcoba noma zokubhaka.
Izindleko zesitsha esinjalo ziphakeme, kepha lokhu akuyeki ama-gourmet, yingakho inani lokuphithizela engadini eFrance uqobo kwehle okwesithathu ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuzingela okuthiwa "ama-ortholans", njengoba lezi zinyoni zibizwa kanjalo eYurophu, kwavinjelwa ngokusemthethweni emuva ngo-1999. Akukaziwa kahle ukuthi mangaki amabhamu agasele ezigebengwini, kepha ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi ngaphezu konyaka abantu okungenani abangama-50 000 bafa ngale ndlela.
Futhi uma lolu daba luphathelene neningi lalezi zinyoni eFrance, bekungaba yingxenye yenkathazo, kepha izingxenyana zezingadi, ezihlala kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eBaltic States naseFinland futhi zifudukela eningizimu zidlula eFrance ziye eningizimu, nazo zizokufa. Ngo-2007, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle zezilwane zaqinisekisa ukuthi i-European Union yamukela umyalo okhethekile ohlobene ngqo nokuvikelwa kwama-oatmeal ekuqothulweni kwabo okungalawulwa ngabantu.
Ngokwalo myalelo, okulandelayo akuvunyelwe emazweni e-EU:
- Bulala noma bamba imingcwabo yasengadini ngenhloso yokukhuluphala nokubulala okwalandela.
- Chitha ngamabomu noma ulimaze izidleke noma amaqanda esidlekeni.
- Qoqa amaqanda alezi zinyoni ngezinjongo zokuqoqa.
- Amabhulukwe aphazamiseka ngamabomu, ikakhulukazi lapho ematasa ukubopha amaqanda noma ukukhulisa amaphuphu, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekutheni umuntu omdala ashiye isidleke.
- Ukuthenga, ukuthengisa noma ukugcina izinyoni eziphilayo noma ezifile, kanye nezilwane ezifakwa emzimbeni noma izitho zomzimba okulula ukuzazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu kulawa mazwe kufanele babike ezinhlanganweni ezifanele mayelana nawo wonke amacala okwephulwa kwalawa maphuzu abawaqaphelile. I-oatmeal yaseGadini ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iyivelakancane, kepha nokho ukuzingela okulinganiselwe emazweni aseYurophu kuthinta kakhulu inani lalezi zinyoni. Kwezinye izifundazwe zaseFrance, ngokwesibonelo, sekuvele kwanyamalala; kwezinye, amanani aso anciphile kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, okungenani eRussia, ukugudlwa engadini kungazwakala, uma kungenjalo ngokuphelele, lapho-ke kuphephile: phela, ngaphandle kwabazingeli bemvelo, akukho okusongela lezi zinyoni lapha.