Abaphenyi bakwazile ukuchaza izimbangela zokukhanya okuvame kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zoshaka olujulile oluvela kulolo hlobo I-Etmopterus. Ezincwadini zaseRussia zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi oshaka abamnyama, kanti oshaka bazo bamagama esiNgisi bangahunyushwa ngokuthi "oshaka bezibani." Enye yezinhlobo zazo yaze yaqanjwa ngegama lekhono layo lokukhanya. I-Etmopterus lucifer. Bonke abamele lolu hlobo loshaka abancane, ubude bezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke buqabukela ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha.
Ukukhanya kunesimo sezilwane eziningi ezijulile olwandle, kepha esimeni sabashaka ukusebenza kwawo kwahlala kungacaci. Ayisetshenziswa ngoshaka ukuheha inyamazane futhi ayinikele ekuzifihleni kwayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungadonsela ukunakekela komphangi omkhulu kunoshaka.
Abaphenyi abavela elabhorethri yezilwane zasolwandle e-Katolika University of Louvain (Belgium) bafunda kabanzi imininingwane ekhanyayo yohlobo oluthile lwalesi hlobo - ushaka omnyama omnyamaI-Etmopterus spinax), abahlala oLwandle iMedithera nolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean. Beholwa uJulien Claes, babuka oshaka ababanjelwe eNorway biostation yasolwandle eHespeand. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukwakheka kwezifunda ezikhanyayo kwehlukile emadodeni nakwabesifazane. Ngakho-ke, ukugqwala kungasiza oshaka ukuthola isibili ngesikhathi sokuzalela, okukhona ebumnyameni ekujuleni okukhulu kungaba ngumsebenzi onzima. “Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kugxiliwe ikakhulukazi esizalweni sangasese, futhi ubukhulu bawo bulawulwa ngama-hormone,” kuchaza uJulien Klaas.
Inkomba
Ukuze uqhathanise amandla okukhanya ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zoshaka, uKlaes uqale wahlola ngokuningiliziwe ushaka omfishane walesi zinhlobo Squaliolus aliae. Le nhlanzi encane ifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-22 kuphela futhi ingenye yoshaka abancane kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ebusuku, laba oshaka abancane baya ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-200, futhi phakathi nosuku bangakwazi ukuya phansi ngisho nangaphansi - ukuya kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili!
Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, uClaes uthole umehluko omkhulu phakathi koshaka omfishane nezinye izihlobo zawo. I-prolactin ye-hormone, "ekhanyisela" ukukhanya kwizibani zoshaka, isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kubafishi abancane be-spiny - kunalokho, "icisha" luminescence ""UClaes uchazile.
UKlaes uthi ngenxa yokuthi oshaka abambalwa be-spiny abakwazi ukulawula kahle ukukhanya, ososayensi bangaqonda ukuthi leli khono lithuthuka kanjani ngisho nokuthi lakhiwe kanjani. "Kungenzeka ukuthi, ikhono lokulawula i-luminescence lidluliselwe kwikhono lokuzifihla emanzini angajulile phakathi kokhokho balo shark." kusho uClaes.
Oshaka ezilwandle ezingajulile bangahle babe ezinye izisulu, kepha amandla okushintsha umbala wesikhumba angabasindisa impilo kule ndawo.
Ngokukhiqiza ama-hormone ahlukahlukene, oshaka “baqala” izindawo ezimnyama futhi ezilula kwesikhumba, okuyilokho okuphansi kokulawulwa kokukhanya kokukhanyayo ezinhlotsheni zasolwandle ezijulile.
Kuma-shiny omfushane nakuma-shark-lantern, izitho ze-luminescence zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, noma kunjalo, lapho kwethulwa izindawo ezimnyama nokukhanya kwesikhumba, oshaka bangakwazi "ukuvula" futhi "ukuvala" ukukhanya kwabo.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo:
- Oshaka akuyona ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezikhanyayo lapho uhambela ekujuleni kolwandle. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-squid zihlanganisa ama-bioluminescent bacteria kanye nezitho ezikhanyayo kumamaski.
- I-Monkfish yaziwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya ngokukhanga ukunaka inyamazane.
- Izinhlobo ze-Shrimp Acanthephyra Purpurea ikhipha ifu elikhanyayo ukuze ivikeleke kubazingeli.