Igama lesi Latin: | Parus caeruleus |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | Tit |
Ngokwengeziwe: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Encane (incane kunondlunkulu), inyoni enemibala. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwemibala egqamile nezwi elivelayo alilethi ubunzima obukhulu ekunqumeni. Ubude bomzimba 11 cm cm, isisindo 7.5-14 g. Ukuqina, umsila kuncishisiwe.
Incazelo. Owesilisa nowesifazane bangahlukeki. Umzimba ongaphezulu uluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza, phansi kuphuzi okuphuzi, amaphiko nomsila ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhala esivela emaphethelweni angenhla ebunzini kuya emaphethelweni angaphandle omqhele wekhanda kuhlalwa ngaso cap eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okukhawulelwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngamapulangwe amhlophe. Ikhanda lonke ligxotshwa ukhokho omnyama nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obukeka ubanzi kakhulu ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ukusuka kwisisekelo somlomo, umucu ofanayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka udlula esweni, ohlangana nekhola ngemuva kwekhanda. Ibunzi elimhlophe liphenduka amashiya amhlophe, wona, ahlangana nomunye ngemuva kwesigqoko, asizungeze ngokuphelele. Indawo ephakathi konqenqema olungaphansi lwekhola nentambo ngokusebenzisa iso, isihlathi, imhlophe ngokuphelele. I-sachet (ngaphansi kwekhola) imhlophe qwa noma ibe mpunga. Kunendawo encane emnyama ngaphansi koqhwaku oluhlangana nekhola esuka ngaphansi. Umugqa omude omude omude ugudla maphakathi nesifuba nesisu - "uthayi", ongaxhumi umphimbo omnyama, futhi kwesinye isikhathi umbozwe ngokuphelele yizimpaphe eziphuzi eziseduze. Ophikweni oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umugqa omhlophe ogqamile uyabonakala, owakhiwa ngamaphethelo amhlophe ezimpaphe ezinkulu zephiko elifihlekile. Imiphetho yawo wonke amandla emfundo ephakeme kanye nenani lokusekela izimpaphe zesibili eziseduze kwazo nazo kumhlophe. Umsila unombala owodwa. Iso limnyama, uqhwaku kanye nama-paws aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Owesifazane udwetshwe nje ukuthamba okuncane.
Izinyoni ezincane zipendiwe duller, i-tint grey ibonakala ngombala waphezulu. Yonke imibala emhlophe ekhanda nasemaphikweni ithathelwe indawo ngophuzi ophuzi - ocishe ufane nasesiswini. Akukho ndawo emnyama emqaleni, imiphetho engezansi kwekhola ayixhumeki. Ihlukahluka nge-tit enkulu ngosayizi omncane, ukungabikho kothayi omnyama obanzi ngemuva ophuzi, ukubakhona kwekotini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ishiya elimhlophe kanye nomucu omnyama esweni. Ihluka ngesikhulu nezinye izithonjana ezincane lapho kunombala ophuzi nohlaza okotshani, kanye nokuba khona kwengquza eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuyaqabukela kungabukwa inzalo ye-azure nesikhulu, echazwa ezincwadini njengefomu pleskii. Umbala wezinyoni ezinjalo uyahluka, ngokuvamile, ubukeka njengokuthile phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwabazali. Imvamisa, imibala yenkosana ibeka imibala kuqala, kepha kunesigqoko esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma umbala ophuzi esiswini.
Vota. Imincane futhi yinde ngokwanele. Ukunxusa okuyisisekelo: phezululezi. "- single noma uchungechunge, amabinzana ahlanganisiwe"umgodi we-pit chirrr. "noma"umashiqela. ". Ingoma yimisho emide evela ekuphindaphindeni amakhwela amafushane, ahlanganiswa ekugcineni ochungechungeni oluqhubekayo lwe "la-la-la-la-tutu-tutu-tutu. "noma"tsii-tata-tata. ».
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zihlanganisa iningi laseYurophu, kanye nenyakatho ye-Afrika kanye neNtshonalanga Asia. E-Yurobhu YaseYurophu kuhlala indawo yamahlathi anqumayo, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda. Ngaphezulu kobubanzi bawo obukhulu, kuvame kakhulu, kepha ngokuvamile kuncane kune-tit enkulu. Amaphakathi nendawo aseningizimu yesifunda ahlala phansi; enyakatho, afuduka ngokwengxenye.
Indlela yokuphila. Ithanda amahlathi abanzi nezinsalela ezincane, igwema ama-conifers. Kuhlala ngokuzithandela izingadi, amapaki, amabala, izindawo eziluhlaza zamadolobha amakhulu. Ekwindla nasebusika kungalukhipha emibhedeni yomhlanga. Ukudla kuxutshwe, ehlobo kubuswa ama-invertebrates, ebusika - izithelo, imbewu, amantongomane namajikijolo. Ngokuvamile kuvakashela abondli bezinyoni. Ekwindla nasebusika, ihlala yakheka imihlambi exubile nezinye izinhlobo zama-tiles, ama-ladle-mates, amakhosi kanye nepikas.
Isikhathi esidlekayo siqala ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Amacala wesithembu akavamile, imibhangqwana iyaqhubeka impilo yonke. Izinduna zihlelwe ngemithambo yemvelo noma emigodini, ezidlekeni zokwenziwa, emadwaleni aqhekekile noma ezakhiweni zabantu. Owesifazane wakha isidleke. E-clutch kunamaqanda amhlophe angama-7 ukuya ku-13 anamaqanda abomvu noma ansundu. Isibeletho esifukamela, isikhathi sokufuduka siyizinsuku eziyi-12-16. Ukondla amachwane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-16- 23, bobabili abazali bayondla.
I-syn. I-Cyanistes caeruleus
Yonke insimu yeBelarus
I-Family Titmouse - I-Paridae.
EBelarus - P. c. i-caeruleus.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zokuhlala phansi nezokuzula. Ihlala izidleke kuzo zonke izifunda zokuphatha.
Kubukeka njenge-tit enkulu, kepha ubukhulu bayo bukhulu. I-plumage ilawulwa ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ebunzini nasezihlathini kumhlophe, umqhele wekhanda ne-nape kukhona aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikhola efanayo, futhi emphinjeni kukhona unxande omncane wezimpaphe ezimnyama ngombala. Kusukela uqhwaku oluya esweni kuya emuva kwekhanda kukhona umucu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umhlane uluhlaza okomnqumo, isifuba nesisu ziphuzi, isisu sinomucu omnyama ophakathi nendawo. Phansi kwesisu kumhlophe. Izimpiko nomsila wazo ziluhlaza okotshani. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa ngaphandle, kepha kwimisebe engxenyeni ye-ultraviolet, le "cap" eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibukeka ikhanya kakhulu, futhi izinyoni zibamba lo mehluko kahle. Uqhwaku nemilenze ingwevu. Ezinyoni ezincane, amathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka athathelwa indawo grey. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-9 kuya ku-17 g, insikazi ingu-9.5-16 g. Ubude bomzimba (bobabili ubulili) buyi-11 cm, ukuphakama kungamamitha angama-18- 21. Ubude bamaphiko abesilisa yi-6.5-7 cm, umsila ungama-5-6 cm, I-1.4-2 cm, umlomo u-0.7-0.9 cm. Ubude bephiko lensikazi buyi-6,6,5 cm, umsila u-5-6 cm, iTarsus 1.4-1.9 cm, umlomo u-0.7-0, 8 cm
Ngokuphikisana ne-tit enkulu, i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imvamisa ihlala emihlobisweni ephezulu yendawo yokuma, njengasohlangothini lwelanga lomqhele. Uma kuqhathaniswa nolunye u-titmouse, uhlabela kancane. Ingoma phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela inguchungechunge olude futhi olusheshayo lwezingoma eziphezulu "qi-li-li-li", luphela nge-titter enobuntu. Ngesikhathi sokuzula, uyakhala.
Ebusika, kuyazulazula futhi kutholakala kakhulu emihlambini enama-tits amakhulu. Ngokusobala, ingxenye yabantu bendawo ifuduka ngaphandle kweBelarus, ithuthele ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu ukusuka kumasayithi ayo okudlela. Amahlathi anqabayo nawo anamathelwa ekwindla, kodwa futhi avakashela ngokuzithandela imibhede yemifino kanye nasemaceleni emifula. Ebusika, emihlanjini yama-tits amakhulu, ama-titties ajwayelekile atholakala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala: avakashelwa ngabondli.
Kuhlala amahlathi ahlukanisayo futhi axubile. Kuthandwa kuqala amahlathi e-oki, amahlathi alder, amahlathi e-birch, ama-oak-Hornbeam kanye namahlathi ase-spruce-leaved. Ugwema ihlathi elihlanzekile le-coniferous kanye namahlathi aqinile. Ubuye athande ama-stumpy ama-sticky ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi. Ivela ezindaweni ezinamathafa athuthuke kahle, kepha ihlala emaphethelweni, eduze kwama-glade nokuchithwa, kanye naseziqhingini zehlathi kanye naseqenjini lezihlahla ngalinye. Muva nje, kuvame ukutholakala eduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu, ikakhulukazi ngokuzinikela emadolobheni: emapaki, ezikweletini, phakathi kwamagceke nokutshala emigwaqweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ejwayelekile nayo ingakha izidleke kumapaki amahlathi anobuhlakani obukhulu.
Esikhathini sokudlekwa eMkhakheni weBelarussian, i-tit blue ejwayelekile ivame ukuxutshwa futhi ihlathile lamahlathi angazakhi izingqimba eziqhubekayo. I-Blue tit ithanda amahlathi ama-oki, noma izindawo zamahlathi ezinezihlanganisi ze-oki, amahlathi amnyama omdaka, imichilo yezikhukhula. Ngokusho kokubalwa kwabantu ePoozerye, ubukhulu be-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bubalelwa kuma-mayowowsitter, ama-bark kanye namahlathi amnyama ama-sorrel, kanye nama-bonsai aspen (0.11-0.12 joirs / ha).
Egcekeni lezikhukhula IShevinka (isifunda saseVitebsk) esinama-oki akhula kakhulu, ubungako be-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngonyaka we-2001 safinyelela ku-0.4 ngababili / ha. I-deciduous, undergrowth dense, ikakhulukazi kusuka e-okini nase maple, kanye nasezintabeni ezivela e-hazel, i-sihlahla se-buckthorn kanye nomlotha wezintaba, yisigxobo esiyinhloko esisetshenziselwa ukufuna ukudla ngesikhathi sokudliwayo kanye nokusuthisa kosana. Ukungabikho kokugcotshwa komhlaba kanye nokuhlanzeka emahlathini kaphayini kanye ne-spruce kuchaza inani elincane le-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Common Blue Tit ibuye idle emadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho kuhlala khona amapaki, amabala, izingadi, ukutshala eduze kojantshi kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu, ezifundeni ezindala. Esiqiwini esiqanjwe ngemuva kweSoviet Army eVitebsk, ebangeni eli-5 km lomgwaqo ngoMeyi 5, 2000, kubhekwe amabanga ama-5 esibhakabhaka.
EPozerye, izikhungo eziphambili zokondla okwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika ziyimifino yemifula, imibhede yomhlanga, ama-ols, ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ezikhukhuleni zomhlanga zemifula namachibi ebusika, i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imvamisa iyisisekelo sokwanda kwezinyoni.
Kuze kufike kwabangu-1,4 abantu ababhalwe phansi ngekhilomitha eyi-1 yogu lolwandle (iLake Drivyaty - iDruyka River, iBraslavsky District). Ngokuya kwesibalo sobusika semihlambi we-tit exutshwe kanye nokuthumba kwezithembu ezigcawini, izingadi, amapaki (iVitebsk, 1999-2001, Braslav, 2002-2004), isilinganiso se-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezinye izinhlobo zezitini sasingu-1: 10 (2-3 abantu bebonke umhlambi), ngenkathi kusezikhukhuleni zamachibi, kwaqoshwa imibhalo ehlanganisiwe ehlanzekile nengxubevange ye-azores kubantu abangu-5-6 ngamunye (ngo-1999, iLake Lukomskoye, isiFunda saseChashniksky).
Ukuqala komsebenzi wokuzala kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuqale maphakathi no-Mashi. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi kuqhubeke, ama-azores aqala ukucula ngenkuthalo. Ukucula kuyaqhubeka kuze kube ukuqala kweminyaka eyishumi kaJuni - eyishumi yokuqala kaJulayi.
Ingoma yokuqala yokuqhathanisa yeBlue Tit ePozerye yaqoshwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaFebhuwari (eyokuqala - ngoFebhuwari 9, 2003, idolobhana laseDubki, esifundeni iBraslavsky) futhi iyakhula ngokunyuka kwamahora. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo cishe alidlali indima ebalulekile. Ukucula kwabesilisa kuzwakale kaningi ku-+5 no-25 ° C. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi wokucula kwenzeka ngoMashi, lapho lo mbhangqwana owakhiwe uhlala endaweni yezidleke. Ukuculwa kwezinyoni ngazinye kungazwakala kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
NgoMashi, izinyoni zingena endaweni yezidleke kulo lonke elaseBelarus, zifune imbobo eyenziwe ngomgwaqo enomnyango omncane, uma kunesidingo, zandisa umgodi ongahlekile noma zikhulise usayizi wegumbi lokudlela.
Ihlala ngababili. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinomswakama (esikhathini esiningi esingekude nedamu) ezindlini ezindala zokhuni, emigodini ebolile yeziqu neziqu, emigodini engemuva kwegxolo, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-60, kwesinye isikhathi iphakeme kakhulu - kuze kube ngu-0. 5 m.
ELakeland ibuye izidleke emigodini yemvelaphi ehlukahlukene, imvamisa ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu (kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-12). Izidleke zokuzalela eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zazibonakala lapho kubekwa khona izibani zezibane zezibane, emagatsheni angenalutho ama-oki amadala, ama-elms, izindunduma ezingxenyeni ezindala nasemapaki (edolobhaneni laseBorodinichi, ipaki laseBelmonty, isifunda saseBraslavsky) kude nebanga. Ama-prefers avale izimbobo zemvelo ngomnyango omncane. Lokhu kufakazelwa ekwakhiweni kwe-titmouse encane yalolu hlobo. Izindlwana ezinobubanzi obungamamitha angama-30-35 mm (ipaki eliqanjwe ngegama leSoviet Army, iVitebsk, 2002) zazihlala ama-75% ngethoni enkulu, futhi yindawo eyodwa kuphela evamile yokwakha izidleke eyayihlala i-tit tit eluhlaza. E-Dubki Botanical Reserve kanye naseRatskiy Bor Forestland (AmaBrasla Forestry, 2002-2004), lapho kuhlangana khona iziqaqa ezine-25 mm letch ububanzi, inani labantu bezinyoni ezidlekayo ngonyaka wokuqala lalingama-44%, icala linye elilodwa kanye ne-Muscovite, ezimbili ngebhokisi le-flycatcher elibunjiwe, nakho konke okunye okwesikhashana okwesibhakabhaka. Ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokulengiswa esidlekeni, amaphesenti ezinyoni akhuphuka ngokungabalulekanga (44,6%), noma kunjalo, isabelo sezinyoni ezidlekayo endaweni ye-titmouse lenyuke ngezikhathi eziyi-1,4.
Ithanda imbobo ejulile (kufika ku-20 cm) enomgodi onqenqemeni othambile (25-30 mm ububanzi) noma umgodi oyindilinga (30 mm). E-Poozerye emigodini yemvelo ehlala abantu abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ulethisi uvame ukuba nomumo owedlule futhi oshibhile, osayizi bawo uhluka phakathi kuka-1.7-3.5x2.5-6.5 cm. Ngaphambi kokwakha isidleke, uhlanza imbobo ngosayizi ofanele. Ingahlala nezidleke zokufakelwa, futhi emadolobheni, ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala ezindlini zikakhonkolo nokhanyisa insimbi (endaweni ephakeme kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-10). Kwesinye isikhathi isidleke sakhiwa ngisho nasezindongeni zezakhiwo. Izindawo ezihlukanisiwe ezidlekayo ezilungele ama-bluebreaks ajwayelekile zingathatha iminyaka eminingana.
I-biology ye-blue tit nesting ifana kakhulu ne-tit enkulu, kanti eyokugcina ivame ukuncintisana futhi ifake umqhele we-cyan tit ezindlini ezihlala abantu. Izimpi zazibukwa njalo phakathi kwabantu balezi zinhlobo emikhombeni yokudla, kanye nokuvikela izindawo ezikhethiwe (ipaki eliqanjwe ngegama leSoviet Army, Vitebsk, 1997, Braslav, 2004). Ububanzi be-taphole ekwakhiweni kwe-nesting yokufakelwa kungadlala indima ekunqumeni okukhethiwe kokukhetha okukodwa noma kolunye uhlobo lwe-tits.
Ngokuvamile, i-Blue Tit ihlale ipulasitiki futhi ingazethembi ekukhetheni imigodi yokufaka isidleke. Akuyona ejwayelekile ukuthi yenze izimbobo zayo uqobo, kepha igumbi lesidleke lihlala lihlanjululwa futhi linwetshwe kancane.
Ukujula kwegumbi lokudlela kusuka ku-7.5-31.2 cm, ububanzi engxenyeni engaphansi yalo buyi-6.5-15.0 cm. Ngisho ne-titmouse enobukhulu obuncane obugcwele i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yi-notch, imiphetho yayo, njengomthetho, ihlulwe.
Ukulungiswa kwegumbi lokudlela le-Blue Tit ePozeroo kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, kanti kusukela eshumini lesibili lika-Ephreli, insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-15.
Ngaphansi kwegumbi lokudlela kumbozwe kakhulu i-moss eluhlaza, ubukhulu bawo lapho kwezinye izimo bungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-15 cm, nendawo ephakathi nendawo engama-95 cm².
Esidlekeni esatholakala emgodini wethanga elidala engadini yezithelo elahlekile (iVitebsk, 2001), ubukhulu bengxenye engezansi yomgangatho buphakeme ngo-16,5 cm, nobubanzi begumbi lokudlela ama-cm angama-28. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu bophahla bungama-5.7 cm. Izidleke ze-Blue Tit zivame ukubandakanyeka ekuseni. Inani eliphezulu lokufika ngezinto zokwakha ihora eli-1 lalingama-29, lapho insikazi iqoqa izingcezu ze-moss kungadluli ku-10-15 m esidlekeni.
Isisekelo sezinto zokwakha esidlekeni kuma-bluebreaker eLakeland siqukethe amaqabunga amancanyana awusawoti enkomishi, ama-moss aluhlaza, amaqabunga amahhashi omile, ahlangana kakhulu nezinwele zezilwane ezincelisayo (i-boar yasendle, i-elk), phansi kwezilwane nezinyoni (kwakudingeka ukuthola izimpaphe zemallard, i-hazel grouse, ne-goshawk), kanye nasendaweni yokuhlala yabantu - izingcezu zoboya bekotini, intambo, izinwele zezilwane. Ukugcwala phansi okuningana, ngaphezu kokuba nezindawo ezinhle zokufakelwa ukushisa, kuvame ukusiza ukufihla ukubumbeka lapho insikazi ishiya isidleke. Ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwamachwane, isidleke sakhiwe ngokuqinile futhi sikhubazekile, kunalokho kufana nokuzwakala.
Ngokusho kwabanye ababhali, zombili lezi zinyoni (kunokuba zesifazane eyodwa) zakha isidleke kusukela kulokho okubalulekile: imicu, imicu ye-bast, utshani obomile, izingcezu zamaqabunga awomile, izinwele zezilwane, kanye nama-cobwebs. Ugqoko usakaza izinwele zezinhlobonhlobo ngesithangami se-bird fluff kanye nezimpaphe. Imvamisa, i-azure ejwayelekile yengeza uboya bekotini, intambo, imicu yokwenziwa nokunye okufana nalezi zinto. Ukujula kwetreyi kungamasentimitha angama-3.6-5.3, ububanzi bungama-4-6 cm. Ubukhulu besidleke seLakeland buyafana: ukuphakama kungamamitha angama-3.8-5.3 cm, ububanzi buyi-5.0-7,5 cm, ububanzi bethreyi buyi-5.1- Cm ka-5.5, cm ka-3.6-4.0 cm.
E-clutch kukhona amaqanda asukela ku-7 kuya ku-14 (imvamisa ama-9 - 12) (kwezinye izindawo zase-Europe amaqanda ayi-15-16, kanti aze afika kwangama-24, ngokusobala angabesifazane ababili). Ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi, kwaqoshwa amaqanda angama-5 ukuya ku-12 kuPozerie (isilinganiso esingu-7.9), kwathi ngecala elilodwa kuphela kwaqhamuka amaqanda ayi-13, 15 no-16 atholakala ezidlekeni zokwenziwa (iDubki Botanical Reserve).
Igobolondo licwebezelwe, limhlophe qhwa, limbozwe izindawo ezincane kakhulu zombala, umbala wazo uhluka kusuka kokusanhlamvu onsundu kuya kubomvu wezitini (ukukhanya nobumnyama obumnyama). Ziyafika ekugcineni okufiphele. Ukubuka okujulile kungxenyana okukhanyayo ngombala obomvu, okuyingxenye ngwevu kanye nokumpunga okubomvu. Isisindo seqanda 1.5 g, ubude 15-18 mm, ububanzi 12-14 mm. Kwisifunda iLake Lake, kuboniswa osayizi bamaqanda: 14.4-16-16.9 × 11.1–12.9 mm (isilinganiso esingu-15,4 × 11.9 mm).
Ukufakwa kweqanda kuqala engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, kuthi emashumini wesibili noma wesithathu enyangeni, imidwebo ephelele itholakala ezidlekeni eziningi (eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeBelarus kuqala ekuqaleni - engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli). Kaningi onyakeni kunezingane ezimbili. Imifantu yesibili ivela, njengomthetho, engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni - Julayi.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezindawo ezidlekayo esifundeni saseVitebsk, ukubekwa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-cyanistre akuzange kubhalwe.Icala elilodwa kuphela lokuphindwa kwamaqanda okwenziwe yi-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okwaphawulwa ngalo, okuthi ekuqaleni kwajikijeliswa i-clutch ngenxa yokuphola okubukhali (Meyi 2003).
Imisongo eyahlolwa ngemuva kokundiza kwezilwane ezincane yatheleleka ngezinambuzane izinambuzane. Ama-parisites ama-Nesting avimbela ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezidlekeni zomjikelezo wokuqala wohlobo lokuzala.
Kwelinye lamakhemisi (iDubki Botanical Reserve, 2004), lapho amathoyizi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azala ngempumelelo, ngokushesha kwaphawuleka ukubonwa kwamaqanda ayi-7. Kamuva, i-Blue Tit yowesifazane ishiye ukufakwa kwamaqanda ngenxa yokuqongelela okukhulu kwamakhowe esidlekeni. Noma kunjalo, ukuba khona kweziququ zesibili kungenzeka kakhulu eLakeland, njengoba imfuhlumfuhlu entsha ibonwa ezindlekweni zokwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, kanye namaqembu emindeni yabantwana abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusukela maphakathi noJulayi nangemva kwalokho.
Owesifazane kuphela ofaka ukugcotshwa kwezinsuku eziyi-12-16. Esikhathini sokuqala sokufukelwa, insikazi ekhathazekile ishiya kalula i-clutch, owesilisa ukhathazeka esidlekeni. Ezikhathini zakamuva zokufuduka, insikazi ihlala ngokuqinile esidlekeni kangangokuba ingabanjwa kalula futhi ivikele nokuqina ekwenzeni. Lapho ingena egumbini lokudlela, ikhipha izingoma ezethusayo ngezinsimbi ezibukhali zomoya. Kulesi sigaba, izinsikazi ezindala zingashaywa. Ukuze uvikele ukulimazeka, owesifazana okhathazekile kumele acindezelwe ngobunono ngesandla sakhe ukuze abumbeke imizuzu eminingana (ukwehlisa umoya), ngenkathi evala umnyango wokungenisa isidleke.
Lapho kuqala ukufukelwa, owesilisa wondla insikazi ingxenye, uyashiya isidleke bese endiza ayokondla. Esigabeni sokugcina sokufukelwa, owesilisa wondla insikazi ngokugcwele. Kusuka osukwini lwesibili emva kokuqunjelwa amachwane, bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekunikezeni izingane ukudla.
Ukuphakelwa kwamachwane amnyama okwesibhakabhaka phakathi nesikhathi sasemini kwenzeka cishe ngamandla afanayo ngesilinganiso esijwayelekile sezikhathi eziyi-12-18 ngehora, ePozerie kwakudingeka ukuthi kubuye kufika abangama-43 bobabili ababambisene nabo ngokudla kusukela ngo-8 kuye ku-9 ekuseni, ukwehla okukhulu komsebenzi kubhekwa ngesikhathi sasemini - kuze kufike ku-9- Ukufika okungu-10 ngehora.
Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus (amahlathi aseTomashovsky, esifundeni saseBrest), abazali bandizela esidlekeni ngokudla izikhathi ezingama-380-470 ngosuku. Ezidlekeni ezazitholakala ehlathini likaphayini elinwebekile eLuzvezhskaya Pushcha ngoJuni 1973, ukuqina kokudla kwam amaphuphu ezinsuku eziyi-10 kwakungu-220-280 feed ngosuku. Ukuqina kokudla kosuku lonke kuyahluka njalo. Imvamisa yokondliwa kwamachwane nayo ihluka kancane ngeminyaka yawo. Ezinsukwini ezi-3 zokuqala nje ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, ubukhulu bokusuthisa busezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, insikazi ivame ukushisa amachwane ngakho-ke kubamba iqhaza elincane ekunikezeni ukudla uma kuqhathaniswa nokweduna. Imvamisa, izinyoni ziqoqa ukudla eduze nezidleke endaweni engaba ngamamitha angama-60. Indawo yendawo yokuzingela ngesikhathi sokuzalelwa ingamamayela ama-3-6,5,000 m², isilinganiso samamitha ayi-5.2.
Amathanga aphekelwa izibungu zemithi yamaqabunga, uthuli, izibungu zemililo, izibungu zezikhonkwane.
Eminyakeni engu-16-18 yezinsuku, amachwane ashiya isidleke. Ukuhamba kwam amaphuphu olwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eLakeland kwenzeka kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, kodwa-ke, imihlangano yobuningi bezinkukhu kwaphawulwa kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kaJuni. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azivamile.
Kukhona amachwane amathathu kuya kwayi-12 emiqandeni yeBlue Tit ePozerie, noma kunjalo, ukusinda kwamachwane ngaphambi kwesigaba sokusuka emathekwini bekuphakeme kunasezindalweni zemvelo, okokuqala - isilinganiso samachwane angama-9,8, kwesibili - i-7.0.
Ezinye izinsuku ezingama-8-10, abazali bondla ababale ngaphandle kwesidleke.
Ngosuku lokuqala luhambile, izingane ziya ngokusondela esidlekeni, emva kwalokho sizulazula kabanzi. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1-2, amaqembu emindeni ahlukana. Abantu abasha bayingxenye yemihlambi yezinyoni exubile, evame ukutholakala emahlathini ama-coniferous, okungukuthi, ezindaweni ezingeyona inhlobo yalolu hlobo.
Kakade ngoJulayi, ngemuva kokuhamba kwezinyoni ezincane, imihlambi iyakhiwa, imvamisa ihlangene nezinye izinhlobo zama-tits, pikas, ne-nuthatch. Kukho konke ekwindla, ebusika nasekuqalekeni kwentwasahlobo, izinyoni zizulazula ngaphakathi kwendawo ethile, zifuna ukudla. Ama-nomads enzeka zombili emasimini, ezingadini, emapaki, nasezakhiweni zasehlobo nasezindlini zokuhlala.
Kumhlambi wezinyoni ezihlanganisiwe, i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eLakeland ivame kakhulu, imvamisa yokuhlangana kwama-63.3%. Esikhathini sasehlobo, uma kuqhathaniswa nenkathi yasebusika (abantu abangu-2-3 ngomhlambi ngamunye), ngomqondo wokubala, iqoshwe okwesibhakabhaka ngo-19,3% wemhlambi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yamaqembu emindeni yamahlaya.
Ehlobo, i-Blue Tit idla kuphela izinambuzane nezicabucabu, eziqoqana emagatsheni nasemagqabini ezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokudla izidleke nokudliswa kwezinkomo, isisekelo sokudla isidleke siqukethe izibungu zegolide, izinsimbi, amacimbi amabhu, izibungu zesilika ezingafakwanga, kanye nezicabucabu kanye nezinceku zazo. Ngokwemiphumela yokuqashelwa eLakeland, kanye nokuhlolwa kwemijondolo yezinqolobane, isisekelo sokudla kwezinkukhu siqukethe izibungu zeLepidoptera nezibuko zesicabucabu. Ukuqubuka okukhulu kwezinambuzane zokuzalela emasimini asehlathini kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izithane zishintshwa ngokuphelele ekudleni ngezinambuzane ezifinyeleleka kalula. Izinsalela zabadansi, iLepidoptera, iColeoptera, kanye nezicabucabu kwaphawulwa esiswini samadada amadala atholwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izinyoni ziqoqa ukudla kwamantshontsho emiqhele yemithi yesihlahla sokuqala, endaweni engaphansi, akuvamile kakhulu emhlabathini notshanini. Lapho ufuna ukudla eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus, iBlue Tit igcinwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-11 - 20 ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zezihlahla.
Ebusika, kuseshwa izinambuzane ezisebusika, izibungu zazo kanye namaphayiphu emihubeni yamagxolo, ezindlini zemithi yomhlanga, zidla ngentshiseko imbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, izithelo zomlotha wasentabeni, ezinye izilwanyana zasolwandle nokunye. EPozerye ebusika, iqhwa eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka libonisa izinambuzane ezenziwa endaweni yeziqu zomhlanga: izibungu zempukane, ama-scoops anezinhlaka ezimbili, amabhu omhlanga. Iqhaza elibalulekile ekunikezelweni kwe-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusukela ngoJanuwari kuphawulwa yizakhi zezitshalo ezinjengempova nama-anthers we-alder, i-aspen, i-willow. Kutholakale izinsalela zealder ezimnyama emathunjini ama-azureas atholakala esifundeni sezikhukhula se-Western Dvina Azureas. Izici zokuguquguquka kokuziphatha (ukwakheka kwezinyawo, ubukhulu bomlenze, ubukhulu bephiko kanye nokwakheka, ukuma komlomo) zokwejwayelekile okwesibhakabhaka ziyakuvumela ukuthi kubanjwe futhi kumiswe hhayi ngamaqabunga kuphela, kodwa namacici, amagatsha asesigabeni sezinhlobo ezibanzi ezisele.
Entwasahlobo, kudliwa amacici angamaduna e-aspen, umoyilo, i-alder. Okuphakelayo akugcinwanga.
Ukukhuluphala okukhulu kakhulu kwezicupho ezibanjwe izicupho ze-azure zaqoshwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla (Septhemba) nezikhathi zokuqala kwentwasahlobo (Mashi), ubuncane - ngoDisemba-Januwari.
I-titlies eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yabantu abadala iphila impilo yokuhlala lapho iqhathaniswa nentsha. Izinyoni ezindala ezinama-ringed zazibanjwa kaninginingi ezindaweni zokuhlaselwa kwebhendi ebusika nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo (iVitebsk, 2000-2001, Braslav, 2002-2004). Ezindaweni zokukhala, njengomthetho, ukubhuntsha okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwabobulili bobabili kwabanjwa, okufakazela ukuthanda kwabo bobabili esikhathini esingenziwanga isidlo.
Ukwehla okukhulu kwesibalo, ikakhulukazi ama-bluebreaks asemasha, ebusika kanye nokwanda kwentwasahlobo kukhombisa amandla okufuduka kwezinhlobo enyakatho yeBelarus, kepha imisebe yokuhamba kwabantu abasha nabadala idinga ukufundelwa okuthe xaxa.
Inombolo eBelarus iqinile futhi ilinganiselwa ku-350-400 izinkulungwane ngazimbili.
Ubudala obukhulu obhalisiwe eYurophu buyiminyaka eyi-11 izinyanga eziyi-7.