Kuyaziwa ukuthi abapheki baziphatha gadalala ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwamadada. Ngesikhathi somcimbi wokuthandana, owesilisa uphakamisa amaphiko awo futhi anwebise intamo yakhe ukuze uqhwaku olumhlophe nendawo ibonakale kahle. Ifuna ukunikeza umbono wenyoni enamandla.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuze isabise isitha, i-coot ifafaza ngamanzi. Lezi zinyoni zigobhoza emanzini, zishaya amaphiko azo futhi zingakhuphukeli emoyeni, kuthi lapho inyoni yezinyamazane isondela kubo, ihambe, ifafaze ngamanzi. Imvamisa, lapho ibona inyoni edla inyama, amadada abumbene emihlanganweni. Impilo yabo ixhumene ngokuphelele namanzi, kuyaqabukela baye emhlabeni. Idada elipholile libamba ukudla ngokuntywila. Le nyoni ikwazi ukuphuma emanzini kuphela ngemuva kokuhlakazeka.

LAPHO UKUPHILA

AmaCoots ahlala imifula, amachibi, kanye namachibi okugcina. AmaCoots nawo azizwa emnandi emachibini amadolobha. Njengezindawo ezidlekayo, kukhethwa izikhala ezivulekile ezimbozwe ngotshani obukhulu. Ekwindla, amantshontsho aqoqana emanzini amaningi, lapho anokudla okwanele. Ukuhamba kwe-Autumn kuqala ngoSepthemba futhi kuyaqhubeka kulo lonke u-Okthoba. E-Baltic States, amabala ngezinye izikhathi ahlala kuze kube nguDisemba. Lapha zihlala kuze kube yilapho okuphakelayo sekuphele noma lapho amanzi egobhoza. Ngesikhathi sezindiza, izinyoni zigcinwa zodwa kanye nasemhlambini omkhulu.

IYINI INDLELA YOKUFUNDA KWE COD

90-99% of coot luhlobo herbivorous. Ehlobo, le nyoni idla amahlumela aluhlaza, izithelo nezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini nezasogwini, ezilekelelwa izinambuzane zamanzi nokugcotshwa. Ama-coots afuna ukudla kaningi eduze kwama thickets okokugcina, uma kunesidingo, aphephe phakathi kwawo engozini engaba khona. Ama-cookies, njengazo zonke izinkomo, ama-coots adla ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane zasemanzini. Ezinyangeni ezithile kuphela zobusika lapho lezi zinyoni ziguqukela ekutholeni ama-mollusks, iminenke nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukudla okuthandayo kwamadada we-coot kuyizitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ubathola ngokuntywila, kuthi lapho inyoni ingena emanzini bese idonsa izitshalo emhlabathini ongaphansi. I-coot ivela ngokushesha, njengekhokho. Izinyoni ezibuthakathaka kaningi azikwazi ukudla ukudla okutholakele, ngoba phezulu zilindele ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile, okuthatha ukudla kwazo. Izinyoni ezinamandla kangaka zikuthola kalula ukudla kwazo.

Amabhubo atshiswa kalula. Izinyoni ezondliwa ngabantu zibhukuda ziseduze nolwandle ngaphandle kokwesaba.

ISIVIVINYO SOKUFAKA ISIBHENGO

AmaCoots ahlala ezitokisini ezahlukahlukene. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka. Kusuka enyakatho bachitha ubusika baye eningizimu, ngakho-ke ngaleso sikhathi imihlambi emikhulu yezithelo ingabonakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ubukhulu bamachiza bukhulu kakhulu kunezikhukhukazi zamanzi, futhi ngokuvamile babelana ngendawo evamile nabo. Kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo, iplamu livame ukuba mnyama, kepha i-coot inomlomo omhlophe nebala elimhlophe ebunzini, futhi uqhwaku kanye nenkukhu yenkukhu yamanzi kubomvu. Kwezinye izikhathi kubhekelwa abakhokho. Le misindo efakiwe ibizwa ngokuthi "ukushaya amakhala", ibona ubungozi, i-coot ikhipha ikhwela elibukhali - "tilk."

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.

• Ukupheka ngesikhathi sokuzalela kuxosha izimbangi zakho ngezinzipho ezibukhali.
• Ikhanda nebala ebunzini lezinyoni ezincane ziphuzi futhi kamuva iba mhlophe.
• Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, i-coot ihlasela ngisho nezinyoni ezinkulu - ama-swans nama-goose.
• Owesilisa nowesifazane, ngokuba ngababili, bese behlangana ndawonye, ​​bese bejikisa komunye nomunye ngezindlela ezihlukile, bese bahlasela i-coot endaweni. Zithobile, ziyagobhoza, zihlanganisa imilomo yazo entanyeni nasemakhanda.

ISIQINISEKISO ESAKHE SAMAKHODI. ISIHLOKO

I-Nest: etholakala emathangeni omhlanga, umhlanga futhi uthembele ngeziqu zonyaka ophelile walezi zitshalo. Isisekelo sihlala sithinta indawo engamanzi. Lesi yisakhiwo esikhulu kodwa ngesimo senqwaba yamaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini, esinokuxineka phakathi nendawo. Ugqoko lugxishwe ngamaqabunga amanzi womhlanga, wedge, nezinye izitshalo izinyoni ezizigeza ngaphambili emanzini. Ngemuva kokumiswa, iba bushelelezi. Ngaphezu esidlekeni esikhulu, iduna lakha isidleke sesibili, okuhloswe ngalo ukuphumula.

Paw: umunwe ngamunye uzungezwe ulwelwesi, olungaphindwa lukhuliswe yilawo manzi

Inqubekela phambili: enyameni ebhukuda, ulwelwesi luyacindezelwa futhi lunciphise ukumelana kwamanzi.

Ukuphindisela: lapho ucindezela kude ulwelwesi lukhuphuka futhi kukhona amandla amakhulu okukhohlisa.

- Indawo yokuhlala

LAPHO IZINHLOBO ZE COAT

Ukusuka eNyakatho ne-Afrika kudabula indawo efudumele yaseYurophu kuya e-Eastern Siberia, Japan, China, Southeast Asia naseNdiya. Uhlala eNew Zealand nase-Australia. Inani labantu baseNyakatho Yurophu bafuduka eningizimu ngo-Okthoba babuyela ezindaweni ezizaliswayo ngo-Ephreli.

Ukuvikela nokuvikela

Kulezi zinsuku, coot, ukuqothuka akusongo. Kepha emazweni amaningi kuvikelwe.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

ICoot ibizwa nangokuthi i-lyska, iyisilokotho esincane samanzi esingelomndeni womalusi nomyalo we-crane. Ngokubukeka, Coot ayifani kakhulu ne-waterfowl, ikakhulukazi uma uyibona ingekho emanzini. Uqhwaku lwayo olubukhali lubukeka njengokhozi, alunamakhanda ezintanjeni zalo, lukhetha ukufihla usongo lokugijima, lundiza ngokunganqikazi, angithi, alikho inkukhu?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coot nayo inamanye amagama wesidlaliso, ibizwa ngokuthi:

• iqhude lamanzi ngenxa yombala omnyama nokwakheka komlomo,
• umelusi ngenxa yomndeni wakhe
• isikhulu esigqoke isudi yebhizinisi labamnyama nabamhlophe,
• i-loon emnyama ngenxa yokufana kwemikhuba nombala,
• ekuhlanzeni kweLower Volga neKazakhstan, le nyoni ibizwa ngeKashkaldak, kanti eTurkmenistan naseCaucasus - Kachkaldak.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-coot, esasisebenza njengegama laso, ukuba khona kwendawo emhlophe (kwesinye isikhathi enemibala) enesikhumba ekhanda, ehlangana ngombala nombala woqhwaku. Njengazo zonke izihlobo ezisondele kakhulu zenkomo zamalokishi, le nyoni ayihlukile ngobukhulu futhi iyazithanda izindawo zokuhlala unomphela eduze kwamachibi nemifula. Sekukonke, ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyi-11 zamabala, ayi-8 awo ahlala ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika. Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwalezi zinyoni oluhlala ezweni lethu - i-coot ejwayelekile, enezimpaphe ezimnyama-grey kanye nebala elimhlophe engxenyeni engaphambili lekhanda, ephenduka kahle ibe ngumlomo owodwa.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Coot bird

Ubukhulu bamaphothi buvame ukuba mncane, ubude be-torso yabo buvela ku-35 baye ku-40 cm, yize kukhona amabala nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Phakathi kwazo kungabizwa ngokuthi i-coot enophondo futhi enkulu, osayizi bayo ifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-60 cm. Iningi labelusi lipendwe ngombala omnyama, kepha ithoni lesikhumba ebunzini lingabi mhlophe kuphela, kwizinyoni zaphesheya kwezilwandle zaseNingizimu Melika indawo inemibala egqamile nebomvu (ngobobo obomvu nobuso obunamaphiko amhlophe).

Iqiniso elihehayo: Imilenze ye-Avian inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele evumela ukuthi zibhukude futhi zihambe ngokuphelele emlilweni nasemhlabathini obonakalayo wemizimba yamanzi. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa yizinhlamvu ezikhethekile zokubhukuda ezisemilenzeni eqinile neqinile.

Umbala wemikhawulo yamabala awukhethi ngokungafani nalutho: angaba ngophuzi okhanyayo noma o-orenji okhanyayo, iminwe ngokwayo imnyama, kanti amabala awahlomisa abe mhlophe. Izintambo emphemeni we-bald azide, zenza izindiza kancane, futhi nokuthi, ngokuzindela okukhulu, zikhetha ukuhola impilo ehleliwe. Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo, izinhlobo ezihlala enyakatho ye-hemisphere ziyafuduka, ngenxa yalokho ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngezindiza ezinde. Izimpaphe zomsila zezinhlobo eziningi zithambile, kanti nomsila ongaphansi umhlophe.

Ividiyo: Coot

Amalahle ajwayelekile ahlala ezweni lethu akhula ngobude obungadluli kuma-38 cm, futhi abe nesisindo esilingana nekhilogremu, yize kunabantu abafinyelela amakhilogremu owodwa nohhafu. Amehlo ale coot abomvu ngokugqamile, kanti ama-paws awo aphuzi-owolintshi aneminwe eminwe eyeluliwe. Uqhwaku olumhlophe luhambisana nombala wecala elingaphambili, alilikhulu, kodwa libukhali futhi livalwe kamuva. Akulula kangako ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Zincane kakhulu, kepha zincanyana kakhulu. Kuyabonakala ukuthi indawo yabo emhlophe engaphambili ibanzi futhi nombala wezimpaphe umnyama mnyama. Amancane amachashazi anombala onsundu, futhi ingxenye yomphimbo nomphimbo zikhanya grey.

Ihlala kuphi i-coot?

Photo: Coot eRussia

Ububanzi bokuphangwa kwabaqeqeshi bukhulu kakhulu, zitholakala emakhoneni ahlukahlukene omhlaba wethu, ezihlala ezikhaleni:

Izinyoni zasakazeka kulo lonke i-Atlantic zaya ePacific. EYurophu, bakhethe iNorway, iSweden, neFinland. EScandinavia nasenyakatho encane abasatholakali. Ngamanani amancane kakhulu bahlala eziQhingini zaseForte, eLabrador nase-Iceland. E-Asia, le nyoni yaqala ezindaweni zePakistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Bangladesh kanye neNdiya. Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, ithanda ukuthatha ingxenye yalo esenyakatho.

E-Russia, i-coot yayihlala izifunda ze-Perm ne-Kirov, i-Karelian Isthmus. Inani elikhulu lezinyoni lithanda iSiberia. E-taiga, amachibi awajuli kakhulu, kepha engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia ahlala kahle, ahlala izikhala eduze namachibi ahlukahlukene. EMpumalanga Ekude naseSakhalin, izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini lwe-Amur.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Imingcele ethile yobubanzi bokusabalalisa kwabapholi ngeke inqunywe, ngoba izinyoni azithandi uhambo olude; endleleni bangasikhetha isiqhingi abasithandayo olwandle babhalise khona unomphela, uma izimo zezulu zivuma.

Izinkomo ezihlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele zingabizwa ngokuthi zixazululwe, kwesinye isikhathi zenza izindiza ezimfishane. Ukusuka enkabeni nasempumalanga yeYurophu, izinyoni zihamba ngezindlela ezihlukile. Abanye bagijimela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, abanye - baya emngceleni osentshonalanga yeYurophu, e-Asia, eSyria. igalikuni Ama-coots ahlala eRussia andiza ubusika aya eNdiya. AmaCoot ahlala ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezintsha futhi ezinosawoti omncane, ahlala kumathafula nezikhukhula zemifula, amachibi, izihlambi.

Izinyoni ezinezinwele zithanda ukudlela emanzini angajulile, ayithandi inkambo esheshayo, khetha izindawo ezimbozwe uhlaza:

Ngabe kudliwa ini?

Photo: Coot Duck

Amamenyu amaningi wokuphola aqukethe izitsha zamakhambi. Bajabule ngokudla amahlamvu ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi kwamanzi nezasogwini, badla imbewu, amahlumela amasha, izithelo, i-algae eluhlaza. Ekufuneni ukudla, i-coot icwilisa ikhanda layo emanzini noma ikwazi ukungena emanzini, iye ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili.

Abapheki bathanda ukudla:

• sedge
• uphondo
• imihlanga emincane
• isikhonkwane
• ngendawo
• zonke izinhlobo ze-algae.

Ukudla kwezilwane kufakwa ekudleni kwezinkukhu, kepha ngamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela esamba semali yokudla.

Kwesinye isikhathi amakhosi ayadla:

• izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene
• izinhlanzi ezincane
• imikhaza
• gazinga
• inhlanzi caviar.

Kwenzeka futhi ukuthi abapheki baphange ngokuhlasela ezindaweni ezidla ezinye zezinyoni ukuze badle amaqanda abo, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ngokungafanele. Coots kukhona yokuncintisana yokudla amadada zasendle, swans, amadraki, ngoba phila kuma-biotopes afanayo futhi ube nokukhetha ukunambitheka okufanayo. Imvamisa kuba nezingxabano phakathi kwabo ngesisekelo sokudla.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Noma i-coot incane kakhulu kune-swan, kuthatha ngokuphephile ukudla kuye nedada yasendle, kwesinye isikhathi ukuzingela ngokweba. Amabhutha akhohlisayo angangena ezingxabanweni ngezigubhu ukuze enze ngokubambisana ngokulwa namadada kanye nokubhukuda. Yini ongeke uyenze ngenxa ye-tidbit.

Coot. Ividiyo (00:00:57)

I-coot iyi -fowfowl yomndeni we-cowgirl, idlangile endaweni enkulu ye-Eurasia, eNyakatho Afrika nase-Australia. Kuyabonakala ngaphakathi kwebanga ngomlomo wawo omhlophe kanye nopende olumhlophe ebunzini. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSpain naseMorocco kuphela lapho umuntu angahlangana khona olunye uhlobo olufanayo lokudoba - olwakhiwe (i-Fulica cristata), kepha olwesibili lunamabhola amabili abomvu esiqongweni sebheji. Isikhathi esiningi i-coot ichitha emanzini, okubonakala ngokuhlukaniswa ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkomo.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Coot Waterfowl

Ukupheka okusebenzayo, iningi, phakathi nosuku. Kungentwasahlobo kuphela lapho bangahlala bavuke khona ebusuku futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile bathanda ukuhamba ngokuhwalala. Isabelo sengonyama ngempilo yazo yezinyoni isemanzini, ngakho-ke zibhukuda kahle, okuyindlela ehluke ngayo ezihlotsheni zazo eziyizinkomo. Emhlabathini zibukeka zincane, lapho zihamba, ziphakamisa amathe zazo ngokuhlekisayo nangaphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, i-coot inikina ikhanda, bese iyelula, bese inyenya intamo. Umsila ungaphansi kwamanzi.

Lapho inyoni izizwa isongela, izama ukungena shí noma icashe emathangeni omhlanga, kodwa kuyaqabukela indiza indize lapho isengozini, lezi zinyoni azijahi ukundiza ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethekile. Uma kufanele wenze lokhu, izinyoni zenza umgodi wamamitha ayisishiyagalombili phezu kwamanzi, bese zisuka ngokushesha. Kubukeka sengathi Coot indiza kanzima hhayi ngokuzithandela kakhulu. Futhi akakwazi ukwenza kahle endizeni, kepha ijubane liya ngokuhle. Ufakwe emgodini ngokuqabukela, kepha uvame ukukhwela emaphethelweni asogwini, lapho ahlela khona ukuhlanzwa kwezimpaphe.

Isimo sokuphamba sithembela kakhulu futhi sincane, ngoba izinyoni zivame ukuhlupheka, ngoba eduze kwabantu nezitha. Ngokuvamile, le nyoni enokuthula inesimo esijabulisayo nesinesibindi, ngoba ingena emzabalazweni ongalingani ngama-swans, uma indondo yokudonsa isengozini. Umdlandla wokuphanga wabaphangi nawo uvela emgodleni, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi bangena kuzo zonke izinto ezimbi, becekela phansi izidleke zabanye abantu futhi bantshontshe ukudla komakhelwane babo abanezingwevu (amadishi namadada).

Njengoba sekushiwo, ngesikhathi sezindiza zonyaka, izinyoni zihamba ebusuku, kwesinye isikhathi zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi ngemihlambi emincane. Ukufika endaweni ebusika, ama-coot aqoqana ngamaqembu amakhulu, angabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni zezinyoni ezingamakhulu ayikhulu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: I-Coot inohlelo lokuphazamiseka kakhulu nolungenakuqondakala lokufuduka. Isibonelo, izinyoni ezihlala esifundeni esifanayo zindizela ngasentshonalanga yeYurophu, kanti enye ingxenye - iya e-Afrika noma eMiddle East.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Coot Chicks

I-Coot ingabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezi-monogamous, ukudala izinyunyana zomndeni ezinde. Isikhathi sonyaka wokuzalela kumakhethini axazululiwe awuchazwanga ngokuqondile, kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene, konke kuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nokutholakala kokuphakelwa kokudla kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ezinyoni ezifudukayo, isikhathi somshado siqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokubuya ezindaweni zazo zobusika. Kuzwakala umsindo no-din phezu kwamanzi ngalesi sikhathi kusuka ezinhlangothini zonke, kuvame izimpi zabesilisa abanezinwele, ngoba wonke umuntu unesikhwele ngomdlandla wakhe.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Imidlalo yokuhlwaya ibonakala njengama-coots, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona yonke imibhoshongo emanzini. Umakoti nomkhwenyana baqonde komunye nomunye, kuyilapho bememeza kakhulu. Njengoba zihamba eduze, izinyoni ziqala ukuhlakazeka futhi noma zihamba ngokulandelana, zinamathele emaphikweni alo womabili.

Izimbotshana ezivamile zidla phezu kwamanzi ngohlanga noma emthangeni. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa kusuka ngonyaka owomile nowamahlamvu, ngokubukeka kufana nenqwaba yotshani evulekile. Ukukhwela kungaba ngezinhlobo ezimbili: kungaba ngaphansi komhlaba, noma ezitshalweni zasemanzini. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, insikazi iyakwazi ukwenza ama-masonry amathathu, ongaba amaqanda afinyelela ku-16 nge-tint brown-sand futhi embozwe ngama-burgundy. Kuyabonakala ukuthi eqoqweni lokuqala lamaqanda kuhlale kunamaqanda amaningi kunakwamanye amanye.Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-22, futhi bobabili abesifazane kanye nobaba besikhathi esizayo babamba iqhaza inqubo yokubopha. Ngenkathi silinde inzalo, umndeni wama-coot uba nolaka kakhulu futhi uvikela ngokucophelela indawo yezidleke.

Izingane ezizalwa zibukeka kahle futhi zifana namazinyane amabi. Amapayipi amnyama agqamile emaphepheni awo, futhi uqhwaku has a hue-red hue, fluff of ithoni efanayo njengoba uqhwaku lubonakala ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ngosuku, izingane ziphuma esidlekeni sazo, zilandela abazali bazo. Emavikini amabili, umama nobaba abakhathalelayo bondla izingane zabo ezingenakuzisiza futhi zifundisa amakhono abalulekile. Abazali abanokuzwela ebusuku bafaka amantshontsho abo ngemizimba yabo futhi bawavikele kubantu abangahambi kahle.

Eminyakeni eyi-9 kuya kwayi-11 amantombazane, ukukhula okuncane kuthola ukuzimela futhi kuqale ukugoqeka emaphaketheni, kulungiselela ukundiza kuya ezimpini ezifudumele. Amabhuki amancane avuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka olandelayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokudlekwa kumakoti avuthiwe, inqubo yokuqunjelwa phansi iyaqala, izinyoni zihluleka ukundiza futhi zibambe okhalweni lwamhlanga.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ama-Giant nama-coot coots ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo anikeza osayizi abakhulu bezidleke. Esidondosheni, kubukeka njengomhlanga othaxekile, onobubanzi obungafika kumamitha amane nokuphakama okungaba amasentimitha angama-60. Le nyoni enezimpondo iyabandakanyeka ekwakheni isidleke isebenzisa amatshe angadonswa ngomlomo. Ubuningi besakhiwo esinjalo bufika kuthani elilodwa nengxenye.

Coot. Izinyoni ze-Brateevograd. Ividiyo (00:00:50)

EMaryino naseBrateevo bahlangana nengquza emfuleni noma eduze kwayo. Kusebusika ngesinye isikhathi. Imvamisa coot ibonakala esikhaleni. Kukhona i-coot ku-Borisovsky Ponds.
Ebusika, kubalwa ibamba osebeni lomfula iMoskva ekuqaleni kweMaryinsky Park ezansi nomfula. Mhlawumbe ukuphanga kuhamba ngomkhumbi lapha kusuka kolunye uhlangothi uyofuna ukudla.

Izitha zemvelo

Photo: Coot bird

Izingozi eziningi zilindele i-coot ezimweni ezinzima zasendle. Izinyoni ezizidlayo azisuki futhi zihlasele umoya, ikakhulukazi ngamachwane nezilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi.

Emoyeni, ingozi ingaqhamuka:

Ngaphezu kwezinyoni ezidla inyama, i-coot ingahlushwa izimpungushe, amabhuzu asendle, ama-mink, ama-ferrets, ama-muskrats, ama-otter. Izimpungushe nezinsikazi zasendle zivame ukudla amaqanda ezinyoni, zona kamuva zingena emanzini angajulile, zifuna imihlambi eminingi yezinyoni.

Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezahlukahlukene nazo zingabangelwa yizinto ezimbi ezithinta kabi impilo yezinyoni. Lokhu kufaka hlangana sekwephuzile nemvula eningi. Isithwathwa siyingozi ngokufakwa kwezinyoni zokuqala, okwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izikhukhula zingakhukhula izidleke ezisebusweni bamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina amaqanda ephephile futhi ezwakalayo akuwona neze umsebenzi olula.

Isitha sokuphanga ngumuntu olimaza izinyoni ngokungazi, ehlasela ezindaweni zazo zokuphonswa unomphela futhi angcolise amanzi, futhi ngenhloso yokuzingela lezi zinyoni, ngoba inyama yazo imnandi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esimweni esiyingozi, i-coot ingagxuma phezu kwamanzi, ishaye amaphiko nemilenze ebusweni bayo, okuholela ekudalweni kwama-splashes aqinile. Ngalesi sikhathi, inyoni ishaya isitha ngezihlakala noma ngomlomo oqinile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukubona isitha, amabala esidlekeni esiseduze, ahlangane futhi ahlasele umhlaseli njengeqembu lonke, elingaba nezinyoni eziyisishiyagalombili ngasikhathi sinye.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi imvelo ilinganise isikhathi esilingana nobude bokuphola, kuphela ezimeni ezinzima zemvelo izinyoni azivamile ukuba ziphile zize zigugule, ngoba endleleni yazo kunezitha nezithiyo eziningi ezahlukene. Ososayensi abasebenzisa indlela yokukhala bathola ukuthi ama-coot ayakwazi ukuphila iminyaka eyi-18, lo bekungunyaka wabantu abadala, obanjiwe, onemikhono enamabala amade.

Coot Fulica atra L. Video (00:01:37)

I-Coot - i-Fulica atra (inani labantu base-Asia). Isibalo sehle kakhulu ezindaweni zokuma kwabantu abafudukayo eKazakhstan naseningizimu yeRussia, ezindaweni ezicishe zanyamalala. Emakamu obusika ebusika eAzerbaijan eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isibalo sehle kashumi futhi siyaqhubeka nokuhla. Kuyawohloka nangesikhathi sobusika eChina. Umbuzo wokufakwa kwawo eNcwadini ebomvu yeRussian Federation uyacatshangelwa.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Coot bird

Inani lamapholi ajwayelekile likhulu kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo nangendawo yokuhlala yabo. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zizivumelanisa kalula nezindawo ezintsha. Le nyoni ayinakubhekwa njengezinyoni ezingavamile; kutholakala kaningi. Ngokuvamile, cishe zonke izinhlobo zamabhuthi azibangeli ukukhathazeka phakathi kwezinhlangano zezemvelo, njengoba izinombolo zazo zizinzile futhi zingabeki engcupheni.

Ama-Coots asehlale cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba wethu, ngaphandle kwezifunda zawo ezi-circumpolar neze-polar. Kuyiqiniso, kunezici ezimbalwa ezingezinhle ze-anthropogenic ezinciphisa inani labantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwezindawo zokugcina amanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukukhipha izinyoni ngabantu abahlala ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu ngokwezidingo zabo, ukonakaliswa kwemvelo, ukuzingela lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo. Zonke lezi zinqubo ezingezinhle zenzeka, kepha ngenhlanhla, azinawo umthelela oqinile futhi obonakalayo ngenani lamapholi, akhuthaza kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ama-coot ajwayelekile angabameli abaningi bomndeni womalusi, ongasongeli ukuqothulwa, futhi lezi zinyoni azidingi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, ezingathokozi kodwa. Into esemqoka ukuthi lo mkhuba omuhle, maqondana nenani lezinyoni, uyaqhubeka ngokuzayo.

Ekugcineni, kusalokhu kungezelela ukuthi phakathi kwezinye izingcingo zamanzi, coot Kubukeka kungajwayelekile, kungenazimpawu zangaphandle zokuphila emanzini. Phezu kwakho konke lokhu, bazivumelanisa ngokuphelele nalokhu okukhona futhi bazizwa beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ebusweni bomhlaba wamanzi kunasemoyeni, okuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi kuyamangaza.

Izici nezindawo ezihlala kuzo amakhwaya

UCoot uhlala iningi le-Eurasia, kanye nenyakatho ye-Afrika, i-Australia, iPapua New Guinea neNew Zealand, emizimbeni yamanzi enamanzi amasha noma anosawoti kancane. Ukulungiselela ukudla esidlekeni samanzi angajulile, phakathi kwezimila ezivame futhi eziphakeme.

Ama-Coot ayizinyoni ezifudukayo, ngakho-ke enza izindiza ezifudukayo njalo. Septhemba kuya kuNovemba imihlambi amadada coot yenza izindiza eziningi eziya ezifundeni ezifudumele, futhi ekupheleni kobusika - ukusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi - buyela emuva. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda izindlela zabo zokufuduka kungaba nzima impela, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namadada esibalo esifanayo andiza ngezindlela ezihlukile ngokuphelele.

Kuwo wonke amabanga ukusuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuye eNyakatho Afrika, kanye nokusuka e-Asia eseningizimu kuya e-Australia, izinyoni zihlala cishe zihlala, kwesinye isikhathi zihamba amabanga amancanyana.

Ama-coots aqhamuka eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu ahlukaniswe yilawa endiza ukuze asinde ebusika aye eNtshonalanga Yurophu, nalabo abathanda ukwenza izindiza ezinde baye eNyakatho Afrika. Izinyoni ezivela ezifundeni zaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude zindiza zisuka emakhazeni ziye eNdiya.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Indlela yokuphila ye-coot is kakhulu yokushayela. Ebusuku, izinyoni zisebenza kuphela ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nangezikhathi zokundiza. Bachitha iningi lezimpilo zabo emanzini. Lezi zinyoni zibhukuda kangcono kunezinye izinkomo, kodwa emhlabeni zihamba kancane ngokungafanele.

Ngezikhathi zengozi, i-coot ibuye ifune ukungena emanzini bese icasha ngesikebhe kunokuba ibhabhe. I-Coot igeleza ngokuqondile ekujuleni kwamamitha amane, kepha ayikwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ayizingeli izakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Indiza kanzima, kepha iyashesha. Ukusuka, inyoni kufanele isheshise emanzini, ibaleke cishe ngamamitha ayi-8 ukumelana nomoya.

Coot bird bakhohliseka kalula. Naphezu kokumzingela okuqhubekayo, uvumela abantu ukuba basondele kuye ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kunethiwekhi ungathola izithombe eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezinemininingwane yezinyoni zama-coot ezenziwe ngabantu ababekiwe.

Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwentwasahlobo, ukhetha ukwenza izindiza ezinde ebusuku, eyedwa noma ngamaqembu amancane ahlakazekile. Kepha ezindaweni zobusika bahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu, inani lawo ngesinye isikhathi lifinyelela emakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Umsoco

Isisekelo sokudla kwama-coots ukudla kwesitshalo. Amahlumela amasha nezithelo zezitshalo zasemanzini ezitholakala kalula ezindaweni zezidleke zezinyoni - duckweed, trefoil, algae nezinye.

Kuyiqiniso, amabala nawo adla ukudla kwezilwane, kepha inani lawo alidluli i-10% lesisindo sokudla esifunwa yinyoni. Imvamisa, ukwakheka kokudla kwezilwane kufaka ama-mollusks, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye namaqanda ezinye izinyoni. Kuvame ukuqashelwa ukuthi ama-coots aphatha ukudla kumadada noma ezifundeni, yize iqiniso ukuthi le yokugcina yincane kakhulu ngosayizi wedada.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ama-coots ahlukaniswa yi-monogamy yawo. Ekufikeni kokuthomba, bakha amabhangqa agcwele abesifazane - owesilisa. Isikhathi sokufuya asihlali njalo futhi sincike ezintweni eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, isimo sezulu noma inani lokudla endaweni yezidleke. Imvamisa inkathi yokuzalela iqala entwasahlobo ngokushesha nje kokufika kwezinyoni.

Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zisebenza kakhulu, zinomsindo, zivame ukufutheka zibheke izimbangi zazo. Ngemuva kokukhethwa kokugcina komlingani, lo mbhangqwana unakekelana, uhlanza izimpaphe futhi ulethe ukudla. Lapho isikhathi sokukhethwa komlingani siphela futhi inqubo yokwakha isidleke iqala, ukusebenza kwezinyoni kushintsha kakhulu.

Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuze kube sekupheleni kokunakekelwa kwamachwane, izinyoni zizama ukuziphoxa buthule ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zingadonseli ukunaka kwezinyoni ezidla inyama noma izilwane ezincelisayo ezingonakalisa izindawo zazo ezidlekayo. Isidleke sakhiwe phezu kwamanzi, sisimboza ngokucophelela kubantu abangabazi emathangeni aphezulu esitshalo aphuma ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Ukuklanywa kwesidleke kuqiniswa kuze kube phansi, noma emathangeni ngokwawo, ukuze kungathwalwa ngengozi okwamanje. Ububanzi besidleke bungafinyelela kalula ku-40 cm, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha angama-20. Ngenxa yesimo sokuhlukumezeka kakhulu maqondana nezinye izinyoni ngesikhathi sezidleke, imindeni yama-coot itholakala ukuze okungenani kube amamitha angama-30 phakathi kwezidleke.

Kepha lapho kungaqhamukanga, izinyoni ziyamhlasela, zivikela isidleke, kwesinye isikhathi zihlangana futhi zihlasele ngamaqembu abantu abangama-6-8. Ngesizini eyodwa, insikazi iyakwazi ukuhlehlisa imicu emithathu. Ku-clutch yokuqala kungaba namaqanda ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-12, imfuhlumfucu elandelayo ibe mincane. Amaqanda aluhlaza ngombala wesihlabathi, onamabala amancane abomvu ansundu, ukuphakama okuphakathi kuze kufike ku-5 cm.

Esithombeni, isidleke se-coot

Yize iqiniso lokuthi insikazi ichitha isikhathi esithe xaxa esidlekeni, kukholakala ukuthi bobabili abashadikazi bayashintshana ngokubeka izigqoko zokuzivikela. I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku ezingama-22. Ama-Coot Chicks bazalwa bembozwe mnyama emnyama ngentambo yoqhwaku obomvu-luhlaza kanye nombala ofana nokhakhayi olubambe ongezansi entanyeni nasekhanda.

Ngemuva kosuku, amaphuphu akhethwa esidlekeni futhi alandela abazali bawo. Amaviki amabili okuqala, abazali basiza izingane ngokuzitholela ukudla futhi zizifundise amakhono adingekayo empilo. Ngemuva kwamaviki awu-9 - 11, amaphuphu asekhulile futhi akhule ngokwanele asevele azi ukuthi angadla kanjani futhi andize eyedwa.

Kusukela kule nkathi, amaphuphu amancanyana aqandusela emihlambini futhi andizela kulawa ubusika bokuqala ngala maqembu. Izinyoni ezindala phakathi nalesi sikhathi zidlula ekuncibilikeni. Njengoba bengasizi ngalutho, bachitha lesi sikhathi becasha emathangeni aphezulu aminyene. Ngesizini elandelayo, isizukulwane esisha sizofinyelela ebusheni.

Esithombeni kukhona iphuphu lokupheka

I-Coot ngumdlalo omnandi kanye nenyama eyamukelekayo yabazingeli abaningi. Ukuyizonda kubuye kwenziwe lula ngokukhanya okuvulekile kwenyoni, ingasabi ukusondela kwabantu. Imibandela yokuzingela iyashintsha njalo, unyaka nonyaka, futhi ilawulwa ezingeni lomthetho nguMnyango Wezemvelo Nezomnotho waseRussia Federation.

Uma abazingeli benethuba lokusebenzisa ama-decoy abalingisa izwi lenyoni ukudonsa amadada, le ndlela ayifanele ne-coot. Kepha ezitolo eziningi zokuzingela ungathenga okuhlanganisiwe, ezosebenza njengezithiyo ezinhle kakhulu zokubukwa kwalezi zinyoni.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Lezi zinyoni zingamalungu omndeni wabelusi. AmaSulumane, ama-moorhen nama-corncrake - izihlobo zawo eziseduzane. Ama-coots awafani ngokufana nama-moorhen, anokuziphatha okufanayo endaweni yawo yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele lezi zinhlobo zezizukulwane ezihlala endaweni efanayo kwesinye isikhathi bakha imibhangqwana lapho kuzalwa khona inzalo esebenzayo. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ama-coot ahola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni zichitha isikhathi sazo esiningi emhlabeni, hhayi emanzini.

Abantu abaningi bazibuza ukuthi iziphi izinyoni - i-coot noma inkukhu? Kude, kungahle kube yiphutha ukwenza idada. Abamele izinhlobo eziningi baphakathi ngosayizi, kuyafana namadada, kanti ama-silhouette ezinyoni ezihamba emanzini afana kakhulu. Bangadideka impela. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukubheka isithombe senyoni yama-coot, esithathwe kude, kuyacaca ukuthi uqhwaku lwayo alubukeki duck nakancane.

Abantu bavame ukubiza lezi zinyoni ngokuthi i-floss kanye nezikhukhukazi zamanzi. A. Brem ukhuluma ngezinkukhu ezithusayo, ebhekisa kwibala. Ezinsukwini zakudala, abacwaningi bathi lezi zinyoni ngenkukhu, kepha ukuqhubeka kokufunda kukhombisa ukuthi umehluko ubaluleke kakhulu. Kwatholakala ukuthi izinkukhu akuyona izihlobo zalezi zinyoni. Kepha kunezimpande ezijwayelekile ezinamakhilogremu.

Izinhlobo ze-bird Coot

Ukuchazwa kwalezi zidalwa kumele kuxhaswe ngohlu lwezinhlobo zomndeni. Lokhu kufaka lokhu okulandelayo:

• Cooted coot,
• Coot ejwayelekile,
• IsiHawaii
• Andean
• WaseMelika
• entshonalanga indian
• ophuzi
• -maphiko amhlophe
• bomvu
• isiqhwaga
• enezimpondo coot.

Ososayensi bayazi enye inhlobo - Maskarensky coot. Le nyoni yayihlala eziqhingini zaseReunion naseMauritius. Kepha ukuzingela okungalawulwa kanye nokuchithwa kwezixhaphozi ezazihlala kulezi zinyoni kwenza isenzo sabo esingcolile. Umbono unyamalale ngokuphelele ebusweni boMhlaba. Imininingwane yakamuva mayelana neMascarene coot yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18.

Ukubonakala kwezinyoni eziyimpandla

Abamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi okuqothulayo, bayefana. Okukhulu kunayo yonke Coot enkulu, ikhulu kangangokuba ayikwazi ukundiza.

Kungani inyoni eluhlaza yabizwa ngegama? Izithombe nezincazelo zinikeza impendulo yalo mbuzo. Ekhanda lomndeni kukhona uhlaka olungenamvubelo. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zinamahlumela. Isibonelo, kolunye olunophondo zinesimo sezimpondo ezincane. Umbala wale ndawo ungaba mhlophe, u-beige, ube mpunga okhanyayo. Ibele elibomvu, linjengoba ungacabanga, libomvu.

Lezi zinyoni zinesisindo cishe nekhilogremu. Futhi usayizi wabo ngokwesilinganiso ngu-40-45 cm.

Naka imilomo yalezi zinyoni. Zincane futhi zibukhali, zenzelwe ukubamba ukudla, kunokuba zihlanze amanzi njengedada. Amehlo mancane futhi anamehlo abukhali.

Ama-Coots anamaphiko amancane, kodwa abamele izinhlobo eziningi zezindiza bandiza ngokuphelele. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yokuhlala eziqhingini ezimbili ezingomakhelwane, amachaphaza iMascarene aqothulayo nawo ayizindiza ezinhle. Amabhuthi wanamuhla ayaphoqelelwa ukuthi enze izimpiko zawo ezimfishane njalo, kepha lokhu kuyabavumela ukuthi basebenzise isikhathi eside kakhulu ukundiza nokunqoba amabanga amade. Lezi zinyoni zihamba ngaphandle kokusakazeka kusengaphambili, futhi lapho zifika cishe azibambeki phansi.

Ama-Giots coots ayazi ukundiza ebusheni babo, futhi noma ngabe akude futhi kukude. Ngobudala, ikhono lilahlekile ngenxa yokwakha.

Amaphawu afanele ukubizwa ngokukhethekile. Kakhulu, emabangeni. Izigaba, njengamanye ama-waterfowl, ngokwesibonelo, amadada nama-swans, akunjalo. Kepha emilenzeni kukhona imigoqo yesikhumba evuleka emanzini, ikhula ukumelana. Emhlabeni, la maphini awaphazamisi ukuhamba, njengama-membranes, ukuze izinyoni zihambe ngokushesha futhi zingcolile.

Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni

Isiphephelo sangempela salolu hlobo sesibe iNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi nanye zihlala kulelizwekazi. Indawo abahlala kuyo ifaka iChile, iParaguay, i-Ecuador, i-Argentina nePeru. Izinhlobo zase-West Indian coot zihlala eVenezuela naseCaribbean.

Ngaphandle kwenkaba yokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo, umuntu angahlangana ne-American coot. Ihlala ikakhulu eNyakatho Melika. AmaHawaii ahlala kuphela kulesi siqhingi (isishubile). Amabhuki ahlanganisiwe ahlala e-Afrika nasezingxenyeni zaseSpain.

Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwamakhobolo ajwayelekile alukaze lubanzi: lumboza cishe lonke i-Eurasia. Lezi zinyoni zingatholakala kusuka e-Atlantic kuya olwandle lwePacific, kusuka eScandinavia, emaphethelweni aseKola naseKarelian kuya eBangistan naseNdiya. Abamele lolu hlobo lutholakala enyakatho ye-Afrika, eNew Zealand nase-Australia, eJava, ePapua New Guinea naseCanary Islands.

Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zaseningizimu ziphila impilo yokuhlala, kuyilapho izakhamuzi ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zifuduka. Izinyoni zase-Asia ziya ePakistan naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Amabhutha aseYurophu andiza ebusika ogwini oluseningizimu yezwe kuya eMedithera, enyakatho ye-Afrika.

Izimfihlo zobugebengu zobugebengu

Kuze kube muva nje, kube nezimpikiswano phakathi kwama-ornithologists mayelana nobusika balezi zinyoni eCrimea. Izithombe zezinyoni zama-coot ezithathwe emanzini asogwini lwepeninsula zimbalwa, kodwa zisatholakala. Ngo-1983, kwashicilelwa isithombe somcwaningi odumile waseCrimea u-Yu. V. Kostin, lapho akhuluma khona ngokuthi "izinyoni zobusika ezibandayo." Ebusika, amanzi asogwini oluseningizimu yeCrimea awafudumele ngokwanele amachaphazelo futhi kufanele afune izindawo ezinhle.

Amatilosi abika elinye iqiniso elihehayo. Bahlangane namabutho amakhulu, aqonda eDanube Delta. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amaflaya amakhulu ayahamba ayobhukuda, akunjalo? Ephendula lo mbuzo, ososayensi bakhuluma ngo-coronel, othi, esekhuluphele ukuwa futhi athole isisindo esibalulekile, aqhubeke ngezinyawo ebusika. Uma kunikezwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zinyoni, kungabhekwa ukuthi uma kupheka le ndlela yokuziphatha akumele kubhekwe njengokungenangqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuthi amabala aphephe emanzini uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Njengoba sebeshonile, bangabamba izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi ngemilomo yabo futhi bahlale endaweni yokukhosela isikhathi eside. Mhlawumbe ohambweni olude, lokhu kusiza izinyoni ukugwema ukuhlangana okungathandeki nezitha zemvelo.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukuziphatha okunjalo akuyona uphawu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhuki. Akuzona zonke izinyoni zohlobo olufanayo ezikhetha ukubhukuda ezindaweni zobusika.

Okumangazayo kokuzula

Ososayensi abade bafunda lezi zinyoni, kwembulwa amaqiniso amangalisa ngokwengeziwe kubo. Kwatholakala ukuthi amachaphazelo athuthela ezindleleni eziqonde ngqo. Iningi lezinyoni ezifudukayo zikhetha imizila egobekile ukukhombisa izithiyo zemvelo nezindawo zokuphumula. Kepha ama-coots asetshenziselwa ukwenza ngendlela ehlukile.

Ngenxa yalokhu kuqonde, i-coot kwesinye isikhathi ngokweqiniso iletha indlela engalungile. Bangama emachibini lapho kungakaze kubonwe muntu khona. Izazi zezinzwa zikholelwa ukuthi le ndlela yokuziphatha kwezinyoni eziphilayo ichazwa ngamakhono ayo okuhambahamba kwe-mediocre. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyiqiniso leli elalibavumela ukuba basakaze kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele, baze bahlala naseziqhingini ezikude zasolwandle. Njengoba bedukile, kancane kancane imihlambi yamalokhethi yadlula yaphila, njengoba yayizinze eziqhingini eziqhelile. Ngokucatshangelwa, ezinye izinhlobo zenziwe ngale ndlela.

Ukulwela umhlaba

Izindawo zokuhlala zazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphothi zohlobo olufanayo. Lezi zinyoni zihlala osebeni lwemifula, amachibi, izigodi ezinamabhange apholile, ambozwe ngomhlanga. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka nobusika, lezi zinyoni zingatholakala ngqo ogwini lolwandle nolwandle, lapho zidla khona ezindaweni ezinkulu zamanzi. Kodwa-ke, azenzi izidleke ezindaweni ezivulekile.

Ama-coots ahlala ngababili. Owesilisa nowesifazane bathembekile komunye nomunye iminyaka eminingi, kepha imibhangqwana yabo eqinile kwesinye isikhathi isahlukana.

Njengama-cranes, abapheki bathatha izindawo zabo ngokungathi sína. Abashadikazi babo abazibandakanyi nje kuphela komunye nomunye nakwinzalo, kodwa futhi bahlala belwa phesheya. Umnyango uyalelwe omakhelwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngamunye wabalingani bobabili une “ekhoneni” lakhe, elingavunyelwe ngisho nomlingani.

Entwasahlobo kunomzabalazo osebenzayo wokusatshalaliswa kwezakhiwo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpi zivame kakhulu, lapho izinyoni ezintathu noma ezinhlanu zibandakanyeka khona lapho. Izindlela zomzabalazo kulezi zinyoni ziyingqayizivele. Zihlala emanzini cishe zibheke phezulu futhi zigcina ibhalansi ngosizo lwamaphiko. Izinyoni zilwa nama-paws awo amahhala.

Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zivame ukwenza imisindo ephakeme zikhumbuze "nge-quack-quack." Kepha ukukhala kwabo akufani namadada, kunokuphazamiseka okuningi.

I-Nesting nokuzalela

I-Nesting yenzeka kanye ngonyaka, ngemuva kwendiza. Imidlalo yokuhlanganisa iqala ngokubhukuda ndawonye, ​​kuyilapho abahlanganyeli besikhathi esizayo behlasela wonke umuntu oseduzane. Ingxenye enolaka idonswa yisikhathi sokuthandana komnene.

Kuhlelwa isidleke se-coot epulatifomu elintantayo lomhlanga. Ngaphansi kwesidleke sitholakala ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi futhi asihlangani nenhlabathi. Izinyoni zilifaka ngeziqu zomswakama zezitshalo, okuthi lapho sezomile, zakhe indawo ekahle bushelelezi.

Amabhutha anezimpondo ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezingafungi nomakhelwane. Lezi zinyoni ngokwazo zakha imvelo efanelekile. Bajikijela amatshe amancanyana emanzini futhi bahlome isidleke esiqongweni sentaba eyakhiwe. Isiqhingi esisodwa esinjalo singaba nesisindo esingaba ithani elilodwa nengxenye. Ama-Giots coots enza ngendlela ecishe ifane. Kuliqiniso, azakhi iziqhingi, kepha ama-rafts anesilinganiso sokufika kumamitha amane. I-raft eyodwa ingasekela isisindo somuntu omdala.

Ukunakekelwa Kwesithombo

Ukubonakala kwamachwane kungenye iqiniso elihehayo ekufanele lazi ngezinyoni zama-coot. Izithombe zezingane zazo zihlaba umxhwele. Kubukeka njengesiphambano phakathi kwe-vulture, imbali ye-rambutan ne-dandelion. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, ikhanda lempandla lazo lisalokhu limbozwe phansi.

Ku-clutch kungakhona amaqanda amane kuya kwayi-15. Kuya ngesivuno sonyaka. Uma amaqanda efa, insikazi iyakwazi ukwenza owesibili ngisho nowesithathu. Uma amalungu esintu ehluleka ukunqoba insimu yawo futhi akha isidleke, angatshala amaqanda kubafowabo.

Owesifazane uzibandakanya kakhulu ekubambeni, kepha owesilisa usiza umngane wakhe. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha amasonto ama-3. Ekuqaleni, amaphuphu awasizi ngalutho, ngosuku lokuqala athole amandla, kepha ngosuku lwesibili ayakwazi ukulandela unina. Amanye amasonto ama-2, abazali bayabondla, bebeka ukudla ngqo emilonyeni yabo.

Intsha iba namaphiko ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-2,5. Futhi ukuvuthwa kwenzeka cishe unyaka olandelayo - ngesizini elandelayo.

Ukupheka Inyama Yokupheka

Umzingeli ngamunye unezindlela zakhe zokupheka. Kepha imigomo ejwayelekile elawula ukuthi ingapheka kanjani inyoni eluhlaza ikhona.

Le nyoni kufanele isuswe ngokushesha ngezimpaphe. Lokhu kulula ukukwenza ngokusika isikhumba entanyeni isiyingi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa okhalweni kwesidumbu futhi unqamule ingxenye yesifuba sesifuba ngamaphiko. Umugqa awuphekwe nenyama, ngoba izinso namaphaphu ahlezi ngokuqinile endaweni engezansi anokunambitheka okungathandeki. Njengoba ubona, i-coot iyinyoni, ukulungiselela kwayo okunobuhlakani bayo.

Cishe i-400 g yenyama ingatholakala enyameni eyodwa. Kuyatholwa, kuthosiwe, kubilisiwe, kubhakwe kuhhavini. Abalandeli be-gourmet cuisine bathanda inyama yangaphambi kwasemanzini enhlanganisweni yamanzi, uviniga wezithelo newayini. Kuyelulekwa ukufaka usawoti inyama ebolile ngemuva kokuqunjelwa imvuthuluka yegolide.

IJografi yokuhlala

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zingabonakala eMelika Melika, lapho izidalwa ezingama-8 kwezingu-11 sezithole indawo yokuhlala. Amaningi awo ahlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo emachibini ase-Andean endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3 kuye kwangama-6.5 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ensimini yaseRussia, luhlobo lunye kuphela lwenhlanganisela olususiwe izimpande: udayi omnyama ojwayelekile onomlomo omhlophe, noma ifulethi. Ngaphezu kwalolu hlobo, kukhona futhi:

• uthukiwe
• IsiHawaii
• -maphiko amhlophe
• enophondo
• EWestindian
• Andean
• bomvu
• isiqhwaga
• ophuzi
• WaseMelika

Izinyoni ezihlala enyakatho ye-hemisphere zingokwazo ezifudukayo futhi zinqoba amabanga amakhulu kakhulu azo ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Izinkomo ziya ezindaweni zobusika ikakhulukazi ebusuku.

Indawo yokuhlala ikhawulelwe ugu lwe-Atlantic kanye nogu lwePacific. Izinyoni zitholakala endaweni yaseNew Zealand. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu, angabonakala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezifunda zaseScandinavia kuphela. I-nesting eyodwa yaqoshwa endaweni yaseSvalbard naseziqhingini zaseForte.

Izindawo eziphambili zokupheka ama-coots yi-taiga, amachibi ama-steppe ne-steppe-steppe, lapho kunemizimba yamanzi enamanzi amasha noma anosawoti kancane. Ngokubusika, izinyoni zikhetha amakhethini olwandle namachibi amakhulu.

Incazelo ye-coot

Njengezinye izinja ezifuywayo, i-coot iyinyoni encane eqhamuka ku-crane oda, ehlala eduze nemifula namachibi. Phakathi kwezihlobo zakhe, ngaphezu kwama-moorhen, ama-carnivores, amachwane nezincekukazi, kukhona nama-takahe exotic ahlala eNew Zealand futhi kuze kube muva nje acatshangelwe ukuthi ayashabalala. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyishumi nanye zamabala emhlabeni, eziyisishiyagalombili zazo zihlala eSouth America.

Kuhlala amangaki

Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni zimane nje zikhohliseke kalula, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, endaweni yemvelo zinezitha eziningi, eziningi zazo aziphileli ukuguga. Kodwa-ke, uma zingaqhubeki zifile ngenhlamvu yomzingeli noma izithutha zomphangi, zingaphila isikhashana. Ngakho-ke, endala kunabo bonke ebanjiwe futhi enamakhaza yayineminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Ama-coots ajwayelekile emhlabeni wonke.. Izindawo abahlala kuzo zihlanganisa iningi le-Eurasia, inyakatho ye-Afrika, i-Australia, iNew Zealand nePapua New Guinea. Futhi lokhu, kungasaphathwa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zama-coots ezikhethe iMelika njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ukuphakama okunjalo kobubanzi babo akubangelwa ukuthi lezi zinyoni azihlukaniswa uthando lokuhamba amabanga amade, futhi, lapho sebehlangane nesiqhingi olwandle ngesikhathi sezindiza zabo, ngokuvamile abasabe besendiza kwenye indawo, kodwa bahlala lapho kuze kube phakade.

Ngasikhathi sinye, uma izimo ezisezindaweni ezintsha ziphenduka zaba zinhle, lapho-ke amachaphaza ngeke aze azame ukubuyela ezindlini zawo zakudala, kepha, uma esehlale esiqhingini, azoqala ukwanda ngokuningilizayo futhi avele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze akwazi ukwakha kamuva, ekude noma kusondele isikhathi esizayo. inani labantu eliye laba yisisekelo sezinhlobo ezintsha, zokuphela kwalezi zinyoni.

Uma sikhuluma ngensimu yaseRussia, khona-ke umngcele osenyakatho we-coots ugeleza u-57 ° -58 ° latitude, futhi enyakatho-empumalanga yeSiberia ifinyelela kwi-64 ° enyakatho ekude. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini asemaqeleni nasezitebhisini. Enye yezindawo ezihlala kuzo yindawo yotshani kanye namachibi omhlanga neziyingi zemifudlana, kanye namathafa asezikhukhula ngokugeleza kokuzijabulisa.

Ukudla Kwokudla

Imboza evamile kakhulu idla ukudla kwezitshalo, ingxenye "yemikhiqizo" yezilwane ekudleni kwayo ayidluli i-10%. Bajabule ngokudla izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo zamanzi, kanye nembewu yabo. Phakathi kokudla kwabo okuthandwa kakhulu yi-rdest, duckweed, Hornwort, usinamoni nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-algae. Ukupheka okuncane okudla kalula ukudla kwezilwane - izinambuzane, ama-mollusks, inhlanzi encane nefry, kanye namaqanda ezinye izinyoni.

Kuyathakazelisa! Amabhu, yize ephansi ngosayizi ukubhukuda, kuvame ukuthatha ukudla kuwo kanye namadada asendle ahlala ezitokisini ezifanayo njengawo.

Ukuzalela inzalo

I-Coot iyinyoni enkulukazi futhi, lapho isifinyelele eminyakeni yokuthomba, izifunela yona umbhangqwana ongapheli. Isikhathi sokuzala sezinyoni ezixazululiwe ziyahlukahluka futhi zingahle zincike ezintweni ezinjengobuningi bokuphakelwa noma isimo sezulu. Kumakhenifiki afudukayo, ngemuva kokubuyela kwawo kumasayithi wokudlela, isikhathi sokuzalela masinyane siqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ziziphatha ngomsindo futhi zisebenza kakhulu, futhi uma imbangi ibonakala eduzane, owesilisa uba nolaka impela, uvame ukuziphonsa kwelinye ikotela leduna futhi angaqala nokulwa naye.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuphelisa, amakhethini ahlela uhlobo oluthile lomdanso emanzini: owesilisa nowesifazane, bayakhamuluka, babhukudelane bebheke komunye nomunye, emva kwalokho basondelene, baphambukele emikhondweni eyahlukene noma babhukude eduze, beshaya iphiko.

Izinkomo ezihlala ezweni lethu zivame ukuhlela isidleke sazo emanzini, emibhedeni noma emhlanga. Lesi sidleke uqobo, sakhiwe ngamaqabunga notshani bonyaka odlule, sifana nenqwaba evulekile yotshani obusikiwe kanye namahlumela, singafakwa nesisekelo saso phansi ezansi kwedamu, kodwa futhi singahlala nje phezu kwamanzi. Kuliqiniso, esimweni sesibili, sinamathele ezitshalweni ezikunene kwalo.

Ngenkathi kudonswa amabala, amabhulukwe angaba nolaka futhi avikele ngokucophelela impahla yawo kwezinye izinyoni, kufaka nabamele bohlobo olufanayo. Kepha lapho kuvela umfokazi, ongaba yingozi kumakhenke ngokwawo noma enzalweni yawo, izinyoni eziningana ziyahlangana ukuze ziphindiselele kulowo okhulisa inselelo. Kulokhu, amabanga kuze kube ayisishiyagalombili ahlala ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane angabamba iqhaza ekulweni naye.

Ngesizini eyodwa, insikazi ibekela imichilo emithathu, kuthi uma kuqala inani labo, amaqanda anesihlabathi esimpunga anama-brown ansundu angafinyelela izingcezu eziyi-16, khona lapho imfuhlumfucu elandelayo ihlala incane. Hatching iyaqhubeka izinsuku ezingama-22, kuthi owesilisa nowesilisa bahlanganyele kukho.

Amabhuzu amancane azalwa emnyama, enemilomo ngombala obomvu-owolintshi futhi ngohlobo olufanayo olufakwe ngaphakathi lufakwe ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ngemuva cishe usuku, basuka esidlekeni futhi balandela abazali babo. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi amachwane awakakwazi ukuzinakekela emasontweni okuqala e-1.5-2 empilo, amakhoboka amadala sonke lesi sikhathi athola ukudla kwezingane zawo, futhi futhi awafundise amakhono adingekayo ukuze asinde, awavikele kwizinyamazane futhi azifudumeze ebusuku, lapho kusapholile.

Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-9-11, izinyoni ezincane ziyakwazi ukundiza zizitholele ukudla, ngakho-ke sezivele zikwazi ukuzinakekela. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala ukuduka emihlambini, futhi ngale ndlela bathuthele eningizimu ekwindla. Amabhutsha asencane afinyelela ebusheni ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngokuqondene nezinyoni ezindala, ukuqhuma kokuzala ngemuva kuqala ngalesi sikhathi, lapho amachaphaza engakwazi ukundiza ngakho-ke acashe emathangeni aminyene.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izihlobo ezishisayo zekotela elijwayelekile - elikhulu nelinophondo, zakha izidleke zezilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu. Esokuqala sihlela imisele ebhelezayo yomsele emanzini, ifinyelela kumamitha amane ububanzi namasentimitha angama-60 ukuphakama. Iphoyothi elinezimpondo lize lakha izidleke zalo phezu kwamatshe, lona uqobo eliqingqa ngalo ngomlomo liya endaweni yokwakha isidleke, kuyilapho isisindo samatshe asetshenziswa yiyo ekwakheni singafinyelela kumathani ayi-1.5.

Ukubhebhetheka

Idada lisatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwensimu enkulu ukusuka eHolland liyiswa eSiberia, etholakala naseNew Zealand, Australia, Tunisia, Egypt nasePapua New Guinea. Ezwenikazi laseYurophu lisatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphakemeyo. Kutholakala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeDenmark, Sweden kanye neGreat Britain. Abazingeli baqopha ngezikhathi ezithile izimpukane eGreenland, Iceland naseScotland.

Kusakazwa kabanzi eRussia kanye nokuhamba kwezindawo ezingama-57-58. Lo ngumkhakha wezifunda zeKarelian Isthmus, iLake Ladoga, iProv neKirov. Idada elimnyama livamile eSiberia, noma kunjalo, akuvamile ukuthi lindizele kwi-biome enamahlathi e-coniffort, linikeza izintandokazi ezindaweni ezifudumele. ESiberia, idla ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisehlathini nezokuma. Kutholakala ezifundeni ezisempumalanga zeSiberia endaweni ese-Amur naseziqhingini zaseSakhalin.ENyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia, amasheya amadada atholakala ezifundeni ezigcwele oMfula iLena.

E-Eshiya, ithanda izidleke e-Kyrgyzstan nase-Asia Minor, eNyakatho ne-Afghanistan, e-Iran, ePakistan. Izinhlungu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika zitholakala ogwini phakathi kweTunisia neMorocco, kanye naseCanary Islands. Kusatshalaliswe kabanzi emkhakheni wePolynesia, Australia nePapua New Guinea. Inani elincane lamakhutha latholakala ngisho nase-Indonesia.

Isikhathi sokufuduka

Ukuphawulwa kwesikhathi eside kweleotji kwasivumela ukuba sakhe imephu enembile yokuhamba kwale nhlobo. Lapho ubheka kuqala, kubonakala sengathi i-coot indiza ibanga elifushane ngokulandelana kwesiphithiphithi. Ngempela kunjalo. Ngaphesheya kwensimu yaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, iNorway, iDenmark, i-Asia Minor, i-Australia, iTunisia neGibhithe, idada elimhlophe elihamba amabanga amancanyana noma amabibi.

I-coot, ehlala e-European Union, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo isiya eNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-Asia Minor noma iye eDenmark, eSlovakia, eGermany, eSpain naseFrance, oLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian, iTajikistan, i-Israyeli kanye neCaucasus. Zonke ezinye ziya ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu - emithanjeni yaseTunisia neMorocco, zindizela endaweni yaseningizimu yeGibhithe noma iNyakatho yeSudan. Amacala aqoshwa lapho kutholakala ukutholakala kwezimpahla ezweni laseNingizimu Afrika. Amaqembu amancane nawo andizela kwiPersian Gulf.

UCoot ovela eSiberia undizela esifundeni saseNdiya, ePakistan kanye nasemazweni aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Amadada anomlomo omhlophe aqala ukufuduka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi entwasahlobo futhi ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi ekwindla. Ezindaweni zobusika, zivame ukubutha ngamaqembu amakhulu abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-100.

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Amabhuqe ayiziphikiso. Ososayensi banombono wokuthi bakha ngababili ngokuphila, yize idatha eqinisekisa lezi zihloko ingakaqoshwa. Ngesikhathi izindiza zigcinwa ngababili.

Izigaba zokuzala kabusha zincike kulezo zinto:

• Ukuba khona kwemvula. Idada elimnyama likhetha ukuzala ngesikhathi semvula ngokuvama kabili ngonyaka. Ngale ndlela, kuxazululwe abantu abazalanayo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi inani lokuphakelayo nalo lithinta isilinganiso sokuzala,
• Ukufuduka kwabantu kuzala ngesikhathi esichazwe ngokuqinile. Zincamela ukudla izidumbu zamanzi ngemuva kwezinye izinhlobo zama-waterfowl, ngokwesibonelo, amadada noma amahansi. Bangena ezindaweni ezinamanzi angajulile, ezingenawo amaqhwa. Ukwenza isibonelo, endaweni eseVolga, kudada omnyama uyavela ngomhlaka 20 kuFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi, endaweni ephansi yeVolga neNtshonalanga yeSiberia, inyoni iqala ukuzala engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli.

Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufika, isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ezinyangeni. Iphoyinti liqala ukubhukuda ngokushesha, ligijime amanzi, lishaye amaphiko alo ngamandla futhi lijule ngokujulile, libonisa amandla alo.

Isiko lokuphalaza liqukethe ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane bashesha ukubhekabheka komunye nomunye, futhi, lapho sebehlangane, babhukuda ngejubane eliphezulu eledlule omunye komunye noma behlise ijubane ukuze bahlanganyele ukuyolima expanses echibini elingashoni.

Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, indlela yokuziphatha kwe-waterfowl ishintsha kakhulu, iba:

• Kuyimfihlo. Abantu abadala bathanda ukucasha emahlathini otshani wasogwini,
• Ukhathazekile futhi unamahloni kakhulu. Lokhu kuziphatha kuchazwa inani elikhulu lezitha - izinkozi, izidudla, isigaxa sesiliva, amagwababa ampunga, iminki, ama-otter noma ama-peregron falcons,
• Kuyaxaka. Ukudideka kwamabala ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalelana kukhula ngokushesha - imibhangqwana eyakhiwe ingahlasela ezinye izinyoni noma abamele izinhlobo zayo.

Ababili ababunjiwe bayabhebhana ngobumnene, bagobe izimpaphe ngomusa ngemilomo yabo.

Izici zesidleke se-coot:

• Kutholakala kuphela emathangeni aminyene omhlanga noma ogwini lolwandle. Kwezinye izimo, bangakha izidleke kwezinye izitshalo eziphuma emanzini ngamasentimitha angama-20-30,
• UCoot wenza izinhlobo ezimbili zezidleke: ezintantayo nokuma. Omile afakwa ngokushesha ngesisekelo aze afike ezansi kwedamu, futhi elintantayo lihamba ngokukhululekile echibini,
• Isidleke sakhiwe ngezinto zokwakha - amaqabunga neziqu,
• I-Coot yakhela izidleke ezinkulu kuze kufike ku-20 cm ukuphakama no-40 cm ubukhulu,
• Owesilisa nowesifazane benza umshini wokwakha isidleke.

Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, idada elimnyama liba nolaka kakhulu futhi lihlasele abamele bolunye uhlobo, kufaka phakathi izihlobo zalo, uma lephula imingcele evunyelwe. Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke alidluli kumamitha angama-30-60, noma kunjalo, nenqwaba yemihlambi nosayizi omncane wamachibi, leli banga lingancipha ngo-50%.

Idada elinomlomo omhlophe lihlasela abantu abangabazi ngamakhala, livame ukuthintana ngokomzimba. Abazingeli baba ofakazi lapho imikhaya eminingana ihlangana nesitha esivamile. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuqoqeka ndawonye kwamabala.

I-coot ibeka ama-testicles ama-7 ukuya kwangu-12 ngasikhathi. Ngokudla okunempilo kanye nezimo zezulu ezinhle kakhulu, i-coot yowesifazane ingenza imfuhlumfutho emithathu ngesizini. Ama-coots awakudeleli ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-intraspecific, okungukuthi, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda kwesinye isidleke. Imichilo emikhulukazi enamaqanda angama-20 noma ngaphezulu ikhombisa ubuhlalu be-intraspecific.

Idada libeka amaqanda wombala onsundu okhanyayo noma oyishlabathi, onamabala amancane abomvu awolintshi.

Osayizi beqanda bancane - cishe 50x35 mm. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekubambeni, noma kunjalo, insikazi ichitha amahora amaningi esidlekeni kunowesilisa. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa yizinsuku ezingama-22- 24.

Amachwane asanda kuzalwa anombala omnyama phansi. Ngemuva kosuku, imizimba yabo iyaqina kangangokuba bangakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni bese belandela abazali babo. Amaviki amabili okuqala, abazali banakekela izingane zabo, bezitholela ukudla. Amakati ahlala ubusuku bonke esidlekeni nabazali bawo.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-65-80, amaphuphu aba ngabantu abazimele ngokuphelele. Zikhula ziye ngobukhulu bomuntu omdala. Ukukhula okuncane kuthanda ukubuthana emhlanjini omncane, kwephule wonke ubuhlobo nabazali. Ngaphambi kokusuka, i-coot encane igcinwa ngaphandle kwabantu abadala. Ukukhula kwedada elimnyama kwenzeka ngesizini ezayo.

Ngokuqondene nabantu abadala, ngemuva kokuzalela bane-molt, ngenxa yalokho balahlekelwa amandla abo okundiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, idada elinomlomo omhlophe cishe lingenakubonwa, ngoba lifihlwe endaweni enamhlanga noma yotshani.