Ososayensi e-United States bakha ukupakisha okususelwa emvelweni okunempilo nokunempilo okuphathelene nemikhiqizo yabo. Imiphumela yethulwe embukisweni obusePhiladelphia. Ukupakishwa okwenziwe ngomzimba kungolunye uhlobo olungcono kakhulu kwizikhwama zepulasitiki zanamuhla, isikhathi esikhulu sokususa. Ipulasitiki ibola kancane, futhi ukufakwa kwamaprotheni obisi kwenziwa kusuka kumakhompiyutha e-organic futhi kunobungoti bemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukufakwa kwepulasitiki kuqukethe ubuthi obungcolisa umoya. Futhi ezinye zazo zingena emzimbeni kanye nemikhiqizo, okuholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.
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Ukufakwa okusha kwenziwa kusuka ku-proteinin protein. Ifilimu etholwe kulo inezici ezinhle kakhulu, njengokuqina nokuphefumula. ICitrus pectin ingeniswe ekwakhiweni kwayo, okwenza izinto ezibonakalayo zamelana nokushisa okuphezulu nomswakama ophezulu.
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Ngenxa yalokho, ifilimu yamaprotheni obisi ngokubukeka nemizwa ye-tactile ayihlukile kakhulu kunepulasitiki ejwayelekile. Emvelweni, impahla enjalo izobola ngokushesha ngaphandle kokukhipha izinto eziyingozi futhi ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo. Uma lobu buchwepheshe buba banzi, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo kuzokwenzeka ukuthi ungene esikhundleni seplastiki ngokufaka okusebenzayo okuningi.
Imibono ye-Deliki WikiCells
Umqondo wokwakha izitsha ezidliwayo awumusha. Kepha uma ngaphambili bekuyinto yesizinda esikhethekile, manje, ngonembeza abaningi, abantu abaningi bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kwendlela enjalo ekuvikeleni imvelo. Ipulasitiki ibhubhisa imvelo yethu, ichichima ukuqothuka komhlaba namachibi namachibi nomhlaba olimekayo, ichitha izilwane zasendle. Abenzi bokuhola bemikhiqizo yokufaka bafuna izindlela zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ebola ngokwemvelo noma engasetshenziswa njengokudla. Umqalisi oholayo kule ndawo ngusosayensi waseHarvard uDavid Edward. Ungumbhali wephrojekthi ukudala ulwelwesi lwama-WikiCells wokudla. Inezinto ezinamanzi kanye ne-biopolymer ezinezithasiselo zokudla.
Esitsheni esinjalo, awukwazi ukugcina hhayi kuphela okuqinile, kepha nemikhiqizo engamanzi. Abakhiqizi bahlela ukwakha ibhodlela elidliwayo. Labo abathanda lokhu kusungulwa nge-bang bangabathandi bakabhiya. Ungacabanga ukuthi yini edinga amabhodlela anje nge-squid noma ama-rye crackers ukunambitha?
U-Edward usabisa nangokuthi uzokwethula emphakathini umshini wokuzenzakalelayo wasekhaya ukukhiqizwa kwezitsha ezidliwayo, ongazibeka ekhishini eduze kwe-microwave.
Edible Gelatin Jelloware
Lezi zinkomishi zokukhanya ezidliwayo futhi ezihlwabusayo ezidliwayo zaqalwa amantombazane aklama eNew York. Babesebenzisa ukudla okuyi-agar agar, okutholakala ku-algae. Kuyi-analogue esekwe ezitshalweni ye-gelatin. Ukwakha i-gamut ecebile, basebenzisa imibala yokudla futhi banezela ukunambitheka ekwakhiweni.
Noma ungadli ingilazi, ungayiphonsa ngokuphepha embhedeni wezimbali. Kuzoba ngumanyolo omuhle wezimbali.
Abstract of aqaku lesayensi kuma-biotechnologies wezimboni, umbhali womsebenzi wesayensi - Kudryakova G.Kh., Kuznetsova L.S., Nagula M.N., Mikheeva N.V., Kazakova E.V.
Izinto zokuphaka ezidliwayo ezisetshenziswe ndawonye nemikhiqizo yokudla azivali imvelo, zenze lula izingqinamba zokwenza i-dosing kanye nokwaba imikhiqizo. Ukufakwa okwenziwe ngendlela efanele, okungenaphutha ngokuphelele endaweni yokubuka yemvelo, kungahle kube nezindawo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo nezici zokusebenza ngenxa yokwaziswa kwamavithamini, ama-flavour, ama-antioxidants, njll.
Ukupakishwa okungadliwayo: isimo namathemba
Izinto zokupakisha ezidliwayo ezisetshenziselwa kanye nokudla, musa ukungcolisa imvelo, yenza lula imibuzo yokuqondanisa nokwenziwa komkhiqizo. Ukupakishwa okungadliwayo, okungenaphutha ngokuphelele kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwemvelo, kungaba nezici ezimbalwa zezinto ezisebenzayo nezimpawu zokusebenza ngenxa yokwethulwa ekwakhekeni kwamavithamini, ama-aromatizer, ama-antioxidants, njll.
Amakhekhe asuka eLavazza
Mhlawumbe umbono omnandi kakhulu ikhekhe. Ungathola vele imikhiqizo enjalo kumakhofi eJalimane naseCzech Republic. Zenziwe ngamakhekhe anamakha. Ukuze ugcine ifomu lokubhaka ngenkathi uthokozela isiphuzo, lihlanganiswa ne-icing ushukela kusuka ngaphakathi.
Inkomishi imunca kancane ikhofi, ngakho-ke awudingi ukufaka ushukela
Umqondo wokwenza izinkomishi ezidliwayo ungokoqobo emoyeni: ezikhungweni zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu uzothola izinkomishi zezithelo ezomisiwe, i-caramel noshokoledi, i-pastille namabhisikidi.
Umbhalo womsebenzi wesayensi esihlokweni esithi "Ukufakwa okwenzeka: isimo namathemba"
EH PACKAGING AND LOGISTICS
isimo namathemba
G.Kh. Kudryakova, L.S. Kuznetsova, M.N. INagula, N.V. UMikheeva, E.V. Kazakova
IMoscow State University of Appared Biotechnology
Njengamanje, embonini yokudla, kubhekelwa ngokukhethekile ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezintsha zokupakisha, ezingenabo ubuthi, ezinokuphinda zisebenze kalula, ezikwazi ukunikeza ukuvikela okusebenzayo kokudla emonakalweni we-microbial, ukubonakaliswa komoya-mpilo wezulu, kanye nokuvikela ukomiswa komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokugcina.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi amafilimu nokudla okuhlanganisiwe asetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka ukugcina ikhwalithi yokudla. Isibonelo, emuva ngekhulu le-18, i-tableware elahlekile eyenziwe ngofulawa ocolekiwe ocindezelwe yabanjwa eJapan: ngemuva kokusebenzisa le tafile, yayingadliwa ngezinhloso zayo ezihlosiwe. Isikhathi eside, ukufakwa okuphekiwe okubhakiwe kusuka enhlama ebomvu ngendlela izinkomishi, amapuleti, izinkomishi, amabhokisi, njll kusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Impumelelo enkulu kulokhu ibizelwe eJalimane, lapho kudalwe khona izinto ezinhlobonhlobo zepolymeric ezivela ezintweni zokwakha ezahlukahlukene: isitashi, i-gelatin, ne-celluloses yemvelo. Izinhlobo eziningi zeziqukathi zokudla zenziwa kulezi zithako zokudla: amathayi, amathini, amapuleti, izinkomishi ezingadliwa kanye nokudla okufana namasobho, ama-noodle, ama-dessert, inyama, imifino, izitsha zezinhlanzi.
Isitsha esidliwayo esikhanyayo sinohlaka olunezimpondo, sivumelekile ukufudumeza i-MV futhi singaba ngosayizi abahlukahlukene - sisuka kokuncane kakhulu kwesikhulukazi (450 x 270 mm). Umkhiqizo ekupakweni okunjalo usetshenziswa kokubili preheated futhi okuphekwe kuwo (kulokhu, izinto ezifakiwe ziyancibilika endaweni yokupheka futhi zisebenza njengefriener).
Ngenani lokudla, amafilimu adliwayo nezimbozo kuhlukaniswe kungqungquthela kube kokutholakalayo futhi okungatholakali. Eyokuqala ifaka amafilimu nezimbobo ezisuselwa ezintweni zokudla ezinjengamaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, kanti okwesibili kufaka izembozo ezisuselwa ku-waxes, parafini, izinsini zemvelo zemvelo ezingena-solar, i-solvle cellulose derivatives, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-polyvinylpyrrolidone, njll.
Lapho wenza izinto zokuhlobisa zesimanje zokudla, ezikhethekile
kubhekelwa kumaprotheni emvelo yezitshalo nezilwane, anyibilika emanzini, utshwala noma ioyela edliwayo kanye namafutha: i-gelatin, i-zein, i-albhamuin, i-casein, njll., ngoba ukuhlanganiswa okusekwe kumaphrotheni ama-protein okwakha amaprotheni anezindawo zokuvimba eziphakeme maqondana namanye amagesi, kufaka phakathi i-O2 ne-CO2. Kodwa-ke, ukungathandeki okuyinhloko kwamafilimu wamaprotheni nokuhlanganiswa kungukuhlobisa kwawo nezakhiwo zamandla aphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwemishini kanye nokumelana namanzi kokumbozwa kwamaprotheni, izithasiselo ezingezona ezinobuthi, ikakhulukazi ama-plasticizer (i-mono-, di- ne-oligosaccharides - ushukela, i-fructose, isiraphu ye-glucose, uju, i-polyalcohols, lipids) ingeniswa ekwakhiweni okwaziwayo, futhi amafilimu nokumbozwa kuhlanganiswa »Ama-ejenti akhulisa amandla (isib. Acid acid, i-calcium chloride, i-tannin).
Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, imizamo yokudala ifilimu le-protein engadliwayo engenawo amanzi - i-casein - ayiphumelelanga ngoba okususelwa kuma-casein abakwazanga ukumelana nokuxhumana namanzi. Kodwa-ke, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali uPeggy Thomasula we-US Agricultural Research Service (i-ARS) usungule ukufakwa okwenziwe ngokudonsa i-casein esebenzisa i-carbon dioxide ephezulu kakhulu.
Njengesisekelo sokwenza amafilimu adliwayo embonini yokudla, amaprotheni e-soy asetshenziswe kaningi muva nje. Ukunciphisa ukuqina kwamafilimu wamaprotheni kusuka kuma-soya, afakwa endaweni yesisombululo se-sodium acetate, ihlanzwa ngamanzi anosawoti bese kufakwa ipulasitiki, engaba yi-glycerol noma i-propanediol yamafilimu anjalo. Ukuvunyelwa kwe-oksijini kwamafilimu soya kuncane kakhulu futhi kuqhathaniswa namafilimu ama-polymers ajwayelekile, kepha ukuqina kwe-vapor kukhulu kakhulu, okukhawulela ukuthi kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
Ukuze unciphise ukuvunguza kwemphunga, okunamafutha acid (i-lauric, i-myristic, i-Palmitic, i-oleic) kungeniswa ekwakhiweni. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla kwamandla we-vapor ngasikhathi sinye kuholela ekunciphiseni okuthile kokuthambekela kwamafilimu emanzini. Izingoma eziphumayo zinconyelwe ukufakwa
imikhiqizo eminingi yokudla (okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni, inyama, izinkukhu, inhlanzi, njll.).
Izakhi zemvelo zamathumbu angumholi ezingaphikiswa phakathi kokufakwa okwenziwe embonini yenyama. Ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali, lolu hlobo lokupakisha lusondele kakhulu emikhiqizweni yenyama, ngakho-ke lapho ulusebenzisa ekukhiqizeni umvimba, kuhambelana kakhulu izinguquko ezenzeka enyameni enamakhasi kanye nokushayisana kwenqubo yezobuchwepheshe yokwenziwa umvimba.
Imizamo yokulondolozwa kwazo zonke izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemvelo yamathumbu emathunjini futhi ngasikhathi sinye isuse ukusilela kwayo kuholele ekwakhiweni kwamagobolondo eprotheni okwenziwa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Collagen noma amaprotheni akhiqizwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1933 eJalimane nguNaturin. Lolu hlobo lokufakwa kwamasoseji lusondele kakhulu emalungeni amathumbu, ngoba imicu ye-collagen etholakala ungqimba ophakathi (“uqhekeko”) wezikhumba zezinkomo zisebenza njengezinto zokwenziwa kwazo. Amagobolondo e-Collagen anamandla aphezulu, ukutholakala komswakama, ukuqina, ububanzi bokufana.
I-collagen "edliwayo" eyenziwe nge-collagen eyenziwe kusuka eqhekeni eliphakeme lenkomo, ihlukile ekuphepheni okujwayelekile kwepulangwe futhi ibonakala ngezinkomba ezithuthukisiwe zokucindezela, ukungena kanye nokulunywa.
Amafilimu we-collagen "adliwayo" we-Tubular akhiqizwayo we-ham, inyama ebhemayo nemikhiqizo yenyama enziwe kahle ibonakala ngokufakwa komusi ngesikhathi sokubhema, ukuncipha kokulahleka komswakama ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhuphuka kwe-juiciness yomkhiqizo ophelile.
Njengoba izinsiza zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziqukethe i-collagen zilinganiselwe kakhulu, ukusesha okusebenzayo kuyaqhubeka ukukubuyisela ngezinto zokwakha. Ehlukile enjalo isitashi (esishintshiwe futhi esingashintshiwe), ifilimu esivikela umkhiqizo ekulahlekelweni ngumswakama. Izingoma ezakha ifilimu zezitashi eziphakeme ze-amylose zimelana nokushisa okushintshashintshayo lapho kubanda futhi kuncibilika, okuvulela amathuba okusetshenziswa kwabo njengengubo yemikhiqizo yenyama eqandisiwe. Amafilimu adliwayo we-corn kanye ne-potato starch enezithako zokudla ezahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa futhi ukufakelwa i-confectionery yeshukela, izithelo ezitheniwe (ujamu), amakhukhi, njll.
UKUPHANGELA NOKUFUNDA Щ
Amafilimu adliwayo angama-Transparent nawo atholakala kwizisombululo zamanzi ze-corn zein otshwaleni noma e-acetone; amandla amafilimu anjengawo aqhathaniswa namandla amafilimu wePVC.
Ama-cellulose ether afundwe kahle futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla. Njengamanje, kudalwe amafilimu anezingqimba ezimbili lapho i-hydrocolloid ungqimba iqukethe ingxube ye-methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, amanzi notshwala, kanti ungqimba lwe-lipid luqukethe ingxube ye-ethyl cellulose, i-stearic ne-palmitic acid, utshwala ne-beewax.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengubo ezidliwayo, isisekelo sokwakha amafilimu okungama-polymer wemvelo - ama-polysaccharides, kuyathembisa kakhulu. Amafilimu asuselwa ku-Polysaccharide avikela umkhiqizo wokudla ekulahlekelweni ngobuningi (ngokunciphisa isilinganiso sokuhwamuka komswakama) futhi adale isithiyo esithile ekungeneni komoya we-oksijini nezinye izinto ezivela ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise izinqubo ezibangela ukonakala komkhiqizo wokudla (i-oxidation).
Amafilimu adliwayo asuselwa kuma-polymers wemvelo anekhono eliphezulu le-sorption, enquma umphumela wawo omuhle womzimba. Ngakho-ke, lapho ungenwa, lezi zinto zidumisa futhi zisuse ama-ion wensimbi, ama-radionuclides (imikhiqizo yokubola yomsakazo) nezinye izinto eziyingozi, zisebenza njenge-detoxifier.
UDaniel Valero nozakwabo asebenza nabo eSyunivesithi yaseSpain iMiguel Hernan des bathola ijeli eluselwa kwisitshalo i-Aloe Vera. Le ijeli ayithinti ukunambitheka kokudla futhi ingaba yindlela ephephile, engokwemvelo futhi enemvelo yokuvikela izakhi zokwenziwa zesintu ezisetshenziselwa izithelo ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Embonini yokudla eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, bekubhekwe ngokukhethekile ekwakhiweni kwamafilimu adliwayo nezingubo zokugqoka ezisuselwa ku-chitosan - i-polysaccharide etholakala egobolondweni lemikhumbi yasolwandle neyamanzi amasha. Amafilimu amaChitosan asetshenziswa ebusweni bezithelo nemifino - ama-apula, amawolintshi, utamatisi, upelepele, njll., Anezinto ezinkulu zokuvinjwa. Amafilimu angenasici, aguqukayo, angaqhekeki, amafilimu e-chitosan anokukhethwa kokukhetha, adlale indima yesihlungi se-microbial ebusweni bezithelo nemifino futhi alawule ukwakheka kwamagesi ebusweni nangobukhulu bezicubu, ngaleyo ndlela okuthinta umsebenzi nohlobo lokuphefumula, olusiza kakhulu ukunweba impilo yeshelufu izinto zokutshala. Umsebenzi
Izici zemvelo ze-chitosan njenge-thickener, ukunamathela, nefilimu yangaphambili zisetshenziselwa ukuthosa nokubhema okungabhemi kwezinhlanzi. Isixazululo se-chitosan sandisa ukubonakala kokugcotshwa koketshezi, sinika amandla okubamba ngokuqinile ungqimba lwama-crackers noma ufulawa ebusweni bomkhiqizo.
Okuthakazelayo nakozimbobo ezidliwayo ezisuselwa ku-carrageenan ngokufakwa kotshwala be-polyhydric (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, glucose, fructose, njll.) Namanzi. Ungqimba lwe-coin we-casein, amaprotheni e-soy, ingxube yeprotheni ye-soy ne-gelatin ingafakwa kwifilimu eqediwe. Izinto ezitholakele zefilimu zingasetshenziselwa ukufakelwa impuphu, imikhiqizo yokudla eyomile, amafutha, njll.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, i-sodium ne-calcium alginates (ama-hydrocolloids ahlukaniswe olwandle olunsundu) esetshenziswa embonini yokudla. Amafilimu adliwayo asuselwa kuma-alginate anezici ezihlukile ezisebenzayo nezobuchwepheshe: ziyabonakala, zinokubukeka okuhle futhi azidingi kususwa kwangaphambili lapho kulungiswa umkhiqizo wokudla ozosetshenziselwa. Ukuqunjelwa okunjalo kunezimpawu eziphakeme zamandla amakhulu, okwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa ekubunjeni komshini amasoseji, njengamoseji, amasoseji angaphekiwe futhi aphekwe amasosi abhemayo.
Ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo ze-sausage casing, ikakhulukazi amandla, imicu yekotini enobude okungenani obuyi-1 mm ingangezwa kusixazululo se-alginate [3].
Ososayensi baseMelika bakha ifilimu elisha lokufaka lemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezithelo nemifino ehlukahlukene. Igobolondo elidliwayo liqukethe izithelo noma imifino kuphela kanye nokufakwa kwamafutha acid, i-alcohols, i-wax, uwoyela wemifino. Ukufakwa okunjalo kungezeli kuphela impilo yeshelufu yemikhiqizo futhi kubukeka, kodwa futhi kunambitha okuhle.
Ukunakwa okwandayo namuhla kunikezwa ekuthuthukisweni kwezigqoko ezidliwayo ezikwazi ukwakha amakhompiyutha ancibilika emanzini noma ancibilikile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
Ngithanda kakhulu ukuqaphela ikhono lamafilimu adliwayo wokubamba izinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene ekwakhekeni kwazo, elenza sikwazi ukucebisa imikhiqizo yokudla ngamaminerali, amavithamini, izakhi zokulandela umkhondo, njll., Ngaleyo ndlela sinxephezela ukusweleka kwezakhi zokudla ezidingekayo kumuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafilimu adliwayo nokuhlanganiswa ku
ngokususelwa kuma-polymers wemvelo anekhono eliphezulu le-sorption, enquma umphumela wazo omuhle womzimba. Ikakhulu, lapho idonsa, lezi zinto zidumisa futhi zisuse ama-ion wensimbi, ama-radionuclides nezinye izinto eziyingozi, ngaleyo ndlela zisebenza njenge-detoxifier.
Iqembu labelabhorethri enezinkinga zokuvikela izinto eziphilayo zemikhiqizo eluhlaza kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla eMoscow State University of Applied Biotechnology lisebenza esizukulwaneni esisha sezinto zokwakha ezifakiwe. Ukuthuthuka emkhakheni wokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwamafilimu adliwayo nokuhlanganiswa kususelwa ezifundweni zamaphethini ajwayelekile ekukhetheni kwezakhi (ukuhambisana kwezakhi kanye nokwakheka kwezinhlelo eziholelwayo, izakhiwo ze-physicochemical) kanye nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe yokwenziwa kwezinto zokuhlanganisa ezihlanganisa izinga eliphakeme lokusebenza (amandla, ukuqina kwegesi ephansi, ukuphepha kwemvelo, ukwakheka okuhle, ukulondolozwa kwekhwalithi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemvelo, njll). Imbobo edliwayo eyenziwe yithimba labelabhorethi ukuvikela ingaphezulu loshizi obunzima ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa nokugcinwa kwempahla yakhonjiswa eBth International Specialised Exhibition “Biotechnology World 2007”, ebibanjwa njengengxenye ye-Internationalth Moscow International Congress “Biotechnology: State and Development Pradors”, futhi yanikezwa idiploma kanye I-DRM Gold Medal.
1. Ama-gennadios A, uWeller C. L., uHanna M. A. Soy amafilimu wamaprotheni / okunamafutha acid nawokugqoka // Aqonde: Int. Amafutha Wezindaba, Amafutha neRati. Mater. 1997. V. No. 6. RR 622, 624.
2. Yamada Kohji, Takahashi Hidekazu, Noguchi Akinori. Ukuncishiswa kwamanzi okwenziwe ngcono kumafilimu e-zein adliwayo nezinhlanganisela zokufakwa kokuphakelwa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-biodegrad // Int J. Ukudla Isayensi. neTekhol. 199B. 30. Cha. B. Rr. B99-60V.
3. Ama-Wong Dominic W. S, uGregorski Kay S, u-Hudson Joyce S, uPavlath Attila E. ama-calcium alginate film: izakhiwo ezishisayo kanye nemvume yokugcoba kanye ne-ascorbate // J. Isayensi Yokudla .. 1996. 61. Cha. 2. RR 337-341.
4. UMcHugh T. H., uSenesi E./Apple usonga: Indlela yenoveli yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokwandisa impilo yeshalofu yama-apula asikwe kabusha // J. Isayensi Yezokudla 2000.6B. Cha. 3. Rr. 4V0-4VB.
Ukupakisha okwenziwe ngomzimba
Ezinye izindatshana eziwusizo zochwepheshe bezimboni yokudla abafunda engxenyeni yethu Ukuze kuchwepheshe, izihloko eziphathelene nezithako embonini yokudla - engxenyeni yethu Izithako.
Ungaxoxa nge-athikili ngesihloko esithi “Ukupakelwa okwenzeka” esithangamini noma ungeze umbono. Ukuvimbela ogaxekile, amazwana awashicilelwa ngokushesha, kepha ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngumlawuli.
Into engaziwa eyakhiwe evela ku-Andrea Rugiero
Umqondo wokuqala wokwenza izitsha ungezakhelo lomklami u-Andrea Rugiero: uhlongoze ukuthi amapuleti adliwe hhayi abantu, kodwa awezilwane. Ukwenziwa kwalokhu kufaka phakathi kubandakanya ukudla kwezinyoni, ukhula lwasolwandle kanye nesitashi sommbila Amapuleti anjalo angaphonswa ngokuphepha ngemuva kwepikiniki - azothathwa yizinyoni namagundane.
Kumajezi, lo mbono wabizwa ngokuthi "into engaziwa eyaziwayo"
Amapuleti wesinkwa amakha avela ku-Andera Monjo
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, umklami waseSpain wayejwayele ukunakekela isinkwa. Kwakuyisinkwa esamphefumulela ukuba adale iqoqo lezitsha kanye nokufakwa kwamakha amnandi nezinhlamvu.
Amapuleti anjalo abukeka emuhle impela, nephunga lokubhaka elimnandi
Izinto zokudla njengebhizinisi
Ngokwenza izitsha ezidliwayo ungenza inzuzo enhle, futhi leli bhizinisi lingenziwa ekhaya.
Unganikeza imikhiqizo yakho kumakhofi amancane nezindawo zokudlela
Nasi, isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe obulula bokwenza izingilazi ezidliwayo zoshukela ezizobukeka njengengilazi:
Umklamo wokuqala wethebula lemikhosi: futhi asikho isidingo sokugeza izitsha
Okokuqala, amasaladi ahlukanisiwe angabekwa kuma-tartlet. Isimo esidliwayo singabukeka njengebhasikidi, inkomishi noma imvilophu yama-tortilla. Udinga nje ukupheka inhlama kahle. Akufanele kuphazamise ukunambitheka kwangempela kwesitsha.
Isinqumo esihle kakhulu samasaladi - inhlama ye-rye
Enye inketho ukusebenzisa imifino njengesitsha. Isitshalo seqanda esosiwe, amazambane, utamatisi noma ukhukhamba - konke lokhu kulula ukuguqula kube inkomishi yokudla okulula.
Obhasikidi boshizi babukeka bangempela futhi behle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele ushizi ku-grater bese uyithululela ngemichilo ku-isikhumba noma udoti we-silicone kwiphepha lokubhaka. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emi-5 kuhhavini oshakiwe, ushizi uyancibilika. Ngenkathi ithambile, kubekwa obhasikidi abavulekile.
Ngemuva kokuqina kwefomu, ungabeka noma isiphi isaladi kulokhu
Ungakwenza ngaphandle kwengilazi: iziphuzo ezinamandla zingathululelwa "izingilazi" zekhukhamba entsha, newayini - zibe izingilazi zepepper emnandi.
Vele uqoqe ezitsheni ezimbalwa ezidliwayo, izivakashi zingathola ukunambitheka
Kuthiwani ngezitsha ezishisayo? Futhi kunezindlela eziningi.
Isibonelo, i-pilaf izobukeka yinhle emgqonyeni wesinkwa
Ungakhonza futhi i-goulash noma enye inkambo esemqoka. Khonza amasobho izinkomishi zompunga obhakiwe noma zucchini.
I-dessert ilula. Inketho eyisisekelo kunazo zonke - izinkomishi ze-orange ikhasi.
Ungafaka u-ayisikhilimu kubo noma uthele itiye, elizophunga kakhulu
Ngaphandle komncintiswano - ama-tartlet amnandi esihlabathi aphenduka amakhekhe. Futhi ekugcineni, ungenza ngokuzimela izinkomishi zoshokoledi zekhofi noma amakhekhe afanayo.
Njengoba ubona, izitsha ezidliwayo zilula kakhulu. Siza abantu obathandayo nabavakashi abamangazayo. Ibhonasi enhle ukungabi nesidingo sokugeza izitsha. Ingabe kukhona izindlela zokupheka ezithokozisayo zezitsha ezinjalo? Yabelana nathi kumazwana, lokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu!