Ubhungane omkhulu kunabo bonke eMhlabeni - ubude bomzimba buqala ku-50 kuye ku-110 mm. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa.
Isisindo somzimba singafinyelela ku-80-100 g - yingakho ibhungane laqanjwa kanjalo. Umbala awujwayelekile: kwisendlalelo esimnyama sokotshani, amabala, imivimbo kanye nephethini yemabula kukhulunywa kahle.
Amaphiko athambile futhi acashile afihlwe ngaphansi kwe-elytra enzima nenkulu, lapho kukhona izinto zokuphumula ezikhethekile.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuzala
Kusebenza kakhulu phakathi kwemini kunasemini ebusuku. Lokhu kubhungwa kungabonakala ezihlahleni zezihlahla ezishisayo. Ngokuvamile indiza futhi kuyaqabukela kwehlela emhlabathini. Isibungu sesinambuzane sichitha impilo yaso yonke ende (iminyaka engu-4-5) emhlabathini. IGoliath imago ihlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi izimboza emhlabathini, lapho ibekela khona amaqanda, ifihle ngokuphepha emithanjeni yemvelo. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi salesi sigaba sokuthuthuka, izibungu zifinyelela ku-15 cm ubude nesisindo esingu-100 g.
Lesi sinambuzane sidla ubisi olugeleza luvela ezihlahleni, kanye nesiphuzo esimnandi sezithelo.
Ingozi yezinhlobo zezilwane imelelwa ngabazingeli kanye nabaqoqi.
Ukubukeka
AmaGoliyathi ayizinambuzane ezinkulu: ubude bomzimba wesilisa ovuthiwe bufinyelela ku-11 cm nobubanzi obungu-6 cm. Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu, zikhula zize zibe ngu-8 cm ubude nama-4-5 cm ububanzi. Isisindo samabhungane asinda kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, singama-47-100 g. Njengawo wonke ama-bronzes, ama-goliaths anezinqe ezinhlangothini ze-elytra yangaphandle. Ngalezi ezivulekile, amaphiko aphuma kangcono ngesikhathi sendiza, okuvumela i-elytra ukuthi ingavuli. Esifubeni, izinambuzane zabantu abadala azinawo ama-recesses.
Njengabameli abaningi bamabhungane, amabhungane e-goliath abonakala nge-dimorphism yezocansi. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwenqubo eyenziwe njengo-Y ekhanda. Kwabesifazane, inqubo enjalo ayikho. Amakhanda abo ahlelelwe ukumba inhlabathi, ngakho-ke anefomu lesihlangu. Futhi ezingaphambili zezinsikazi kungamazinyo, adlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwesibalo wenzalo esizayo.
Izinhlobo zemibala njengokuzivumelanisa nezimo
Onke ama-goliath ahlala ezweni elilodwa kuphela. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, abamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlobo olwahlukene ngobukhulu nangebala. Amandla okuqhubekisela phambili ukucatshangelwa kungukuhluka kwezimo zezulu ezwekazini. Isici esivelisayo sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ukwakheka kwamabala amhlophe namnyama emzimbeni webhungane, kanye nesilinganiso sazo.
Ukuze ibug indize, idinga ukushisa umzimba wayo ekushiseni okuthile. Umbala omnyama nokwakheka okuhle kwegobolondo kuvumela kangcono imisebe yelanga idlule. Ngakho-ke, emahlathini anomswakama omanzi, lapho izimila eziminyene zivimbela ukungena kwelanga, amabhungane amnyama anemigqa ebonakala kalula.
Ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezikhanyiswe kahle, izinambuzane ezinemibala ekhanyayo enesakhiwo sekhava ecwebezelayo zivame kakhulu. Lokhu kubavikela ekukhanyiseni ngokweqile futhi kuvimbela ukweqisa. Umbala odumile kakhulu wamabhungane uthathwa njengephethini elimhlophe lokuqhekeka ku-elytra emnyama.
Izici zokuziphatha
Ubukhulu obukhulu bama-goliath mabhungane kungenzeka angabi yinzuzo yawo, kodwa umthwalo. Izinambuzane zibonakala kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima kuzo ukuzifihla kubazingeli. Futhi, ngenxa yesisindo esiphakeme, amabhungane ahamba kancane futhi aqine. Futhi ukukhumula, badinga ukufudumeza imizimba yabo kahle, okuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Lapho sekufudunyeziwe, amabhungane afuna ukudla andiza esuka kwesinye isihlahla aye kwesinye, ehlela emhlabathini kuphela ukuze abekele amaqanda.
Ukuzala kabusha nentuthuko
Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zehla ezihlahleni ziye emhlabathini ziyokwemba insimbi emhlabathini bese zibeka amaqanda lapho. Ngemuva kokulala, insikazi igaxha emgodini bese ibuyela emqheleni wesihlahla, ishiye ingane yakhe emhlabathini ukuze ikhule ngokuzimela. Ngemuva kokuphuma eqandeni, izibungu ziyondla futhi zikhule cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, zize zifinyelele kubukhulu bomuntu omdala.
Okulandelayo kuza isigaba sesikhuhlwa, esiqhubeka kuleso sibalo esifanayo. Ngemuva kokuphuma ku-chrysalis, ibhungane elidala liyakhasa liye phezulu lindize lize esihlahleni, lijoyine izihlobo zalo. Esigabeni sabadala, lesi sinambuzane siphila ngokwesilinganiso izinyanga eziyisithupha, emva kwalokho sifa.
Umsoco kaGoliathi
Emhlabathini, izibungu zidla kukho konke ezihlangana nakho. Lokhu kungamaqabunga awile, nokubola kwezinsalela zezitshalo, nezibalo zezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Imvamisa, izibungu azinakho ukudla kwamaprotheni ukufeza usayizi oyifunayo. Ngemuva kwalokho ubuyela ngisho nasendlini yokudla insangu ngokudla abafowabo abancane. Amabhungane amadala angama-vegans. Bondla ikakhulu ngamajusi wezitshalo nezithelo ezivulekile.
Abamele uGoliath
Izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zama-goliaths zihlala e-Afrika, kepha futhi kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusakazwa kanye nezinhlobo zohlobo lwama-hybrid. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu e-Afrika yilezi:
- UGoliyathi omkhulu ungummeleli omkhulu wohlobo. Ubude bomzimba wayo ezimweni ezingavamile buze bube ngaphezu kuka-11 cm. Ibhungane linesakhiwo esihle kakhulu se-integument nombala omnyama womzimba, ngaphandle kwemivimbo ekhanyayo kwi-expression. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo i-Equatorial Africa.
- UGoliyathi Pearl. Ibhekwa njengohlobo lwe-goliath oluhle kunazo zonke, njengoba inesembozo esimhlophe grey nge-sheen enhle yeparele. Ukuphakama komzimba wezinambuzane kungamasentimitha ayi 7. Le nhlobo ihlala eSouth Congo.
- IGoliyati ebomvu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abanye abamele lezi zinhlobo bamnyama esikhundleni sokubomvu. Lesi simeleli esincane kunazo zonke sama-goliaths, ubude bawo bomzimba ongeqi ku-6 cm. La mabhungane atholakala empumalanga ye-Equatorial Africa.
- UGoliyathi wasebukhosini. Leli bhungane elikhulu, elinama-matte amnyama namhlophe. Abantu abadala bakhula babe ngu-10,5 cm ubude. Lolu hlobo lwande eGhana.
Habitat
Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamabhungane zihlukaniswa yindawo, ezahluka ngobukhulu nangombala. Ubhungane wase-Afrika uhlala eCentral naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika ezindaweni ezi:
Ezinye izinhlobo zalawa mabhungane amakhulu zithanda umswakama ophakeme wehlathi elishisayo. Kunezinhlobo zamabhungane ahlala ogwadule angabamba futhi alondoloze umswakama ngamaphiko awo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane zihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi, zibambe amaphiko omoya.
Ukwakha
Izinambuzane ziveze i-dimorphism yezocansi. Isici esihlukile sowesilisa izimpondo ezihlotshisiwe. Insikazi inekhanda le-thyroid elenzelwe ukumba umhlaba. Abesifazane banamazinyo kwi-tibia engaphambili. Emaphethelweni angaphambili e-elytra, kutholakala izitshudeni. Ngazo, i-goliath enkulu kunazo zonke idedela amaphiko endiza ngaphandle kokuveza i-elytra.
Lesi yisici sethusi, isici esivelisayo sabamele abophiko lwamaphiko amaphiko. UGoliyadi unamabili amaphiko.
Umbhangqwana wokuqala uvikela isibili samaphiko nesisu. Isibili samaphiko sisetshenziselwa izindiza. Ngonyawo ngalunye lwamabhungane, amabhangqa abukhali. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubambelele ngokuqinile emacembe nasezihlahleni zezihlahla.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Umjikelezo wempilo wesinambuzane uqukethe izigaba ezine zokuthuthuka:
- iqanda
- izibungu
- chrysalis
- izinambuzane zabantu abadala.
Izimpiko zamabhungane zikhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni esigabeni se-larval futhi azibonakali ngaphandle. ILarva kanye nabantu abadala behluka ngesakhiwo nangendlela yabo yokuphila. Ubhungane olukhulu lwe-goliath luhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha.
