I-Antarctica iyizwekazi elinezimo zezulu ezinzima. Izinga lokushisa ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe alikhuphuki ngaphezu kweqhwa, futhi izwekazi lonke ligcwele iqhwa. Kodwa-ke, iSouthern Ocean ezungeze i-Antarctica ingesinye sezemvelo esimangalisa kakhulu Emhlabeni futhi iyikhaya lezidalwa eziningi ezimangalisa.

Iningi lezilwane ziyafuduka, ngoba isimo sezulu salelizwekazi siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthi umuntu angahlala futhi abe nobusika ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zitholakala kuphela e-Antarctica (izilwane ezihlala endaweni eyodwa kuphela kuthiwa yi-endemic) futhi zikwazile ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nendawo yokuhlala enesihluku. Kusukela i-Antarctica yatholakala eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule, izinhlobo zezindawo azisetshenziselwa umphakathi wesintu, okuholela kwesinye sezici ezinhle kakhulu zezilwane zasendle zase-Antarctica: abantu bayazijabulisa njengoba zinjalo nakubantu. Kubavakashi, lokhu kusho ukuthi izilwane eziningi zingasondela kuzo, futhi ngeke zibaleke, futhi kubacwaningi - ithuba lokufunda kangcono izilwanyana zase-Antarctica. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi izivumelwano zase-Antarctic zenqabela ukuthinta izilwane zasendle!

Kulesi sihloko, sihlanganise uhlu nencazelo emfushane nezithombe zabanye abamele abaziwayo bezilwane zezwekazi elibanda kakhulu emhlabeni - i-Antarctica.

Omama

Imikhomo ingesinye sezidalwa ezingaqondakali futhi ezimangalisayo Emhlabeni. Umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zake zaphila emhlabeni, zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayikhulu, zedlula kalula izibankwakazi ezisindayo. Ngisho nomkhomo “ojwayelekile” mkhulu futhi ubhekwa njengokudala kwendalo. Imikhomo mikhulu, kodwa izilwane ezincelisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunzima ukuyifunda. Bahlakaniphe kakhulu, banokuphila okuyinkimbinkimbi nempilo yenkululeko ephelele yokunyakaza.

Imikhomo ingeyoqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-cetaceans, kanye namahlengethwa namaphayiphu. Ziyizilwane ezincelisayo njengabantu, izinja, amakati, izindlovu nabanye. Okusho ukuthi, abanakubizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi. Imikhomo iphefumula umoya ngakho-ke kufanele ikhuphukele ebusweni ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze iphefumule. Bazala amazinyane aphilayo ahlala nonina unyaka owodwa futhi bondla ubisi lwawo. Imikhomo inegazi elifudumele futhi inesikhumba esinjengomuntu (yize sinjalo esilungiswe kakhulu).

Imikhomo yase-Antarctica ibizwa ngokuthi yonke imikhomo esebenzisa okungenani ingxenye yesikhathi esithile ngonyaka osogwini lwezwekazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Blue whale (Isilinganiso sobude besilisa esidala singama-25 m, abesifazane - ama-26.2 m. Isisindo somzimba somuntu omdala singamathani ayi-100 - 120),
• Ama-whale abushelelezi aseningizimu (Isilinganiso sobude 20 m nesisindo sama-96 t),
• I-Seyval (ubude bomzimba we-18 m, isisindo - 80 t),
• I-Finval (Ubude kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-27 m, isisindo esingu-40-70 t),
• I-Sperm whale (Isilinganiso sobude be-17 m, isisindo esiyi-35 t),
• I-Humpback whale (Isilinganiso sobude 14 m, isisindo esingu-30 t),
• I-Southern Minke whale (Ubude - 9 m, isisindo - 7 t),
• I-Killer whale (ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-8.7 kuya ku-10 m, isisindo kufika ku-8 t).

Isigaxa soboya beKerguelen

I-Kerguelen fur seal ingeyamalungu omndeni owaziwa ngokuthi yizimpawu zamanzi. (Otariidae)okufaka uphawu lwezimpawu zoboya kanye namabhubesi olwandle.

Ngokubukeka nangendlela, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zifana nenja enkulu. Bayakwazi ukudonsa amafliphu angemuva ngaphansi komzimba baphakamise isisindo sabo ngamaphayipthi angaphambili, yingakho beguquguquka kakhulu emhlabeni ngokuqhathaniswa namanye ama-pinnipeds.

Amaduna afinyelela isisindo esingama-200 kg futhi amahlandla ama-4 kunezinsikazi. Zikhawulelwe ikakhulu eziqhingini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezinabantu abangama-95% eSouth Georgia Island.

Ingwe yolwandle

Ibizwa ngokuthi ingwe yolwandle ngenxa yamabala emzimbeni, ingenye yezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu e-Antarctica. Isisindo sabesilisa sifinyelela kuma-300 kg, nabesifazane - 260-500 kg. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buhlukahluka kusuka ku-2.8-3.3 m, kanye nezinsikazi 2.9-3.8 m.

Ukondliwa kwezingwe zasolwandle kwehluka kakhulu. Bangadla noma yisiphi isilwane abangasibulala. Ukudla kuqukethe izinhlanzi, ama-squid, ama-penguin, izinyoni nezimpawu ezincane zamanzi.

Izingwe zasolwandle aziwona amakhono ahlukahlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Idayi ende kunazo zonke ayihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15, ngakho izilwane zihlala ziseduze namanzi, futhi azihambi amabanga amade ngaphansi kweqhwa eliqhubekayo. Bayakwazi ukubhukuda ngesivinini kuze kufike ku-40 km / h.

Isigaxa seCrabeater

Izimpawu zomshubelo we-crabeater kukholakala ukuthi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu ezwenikazi. Abantu abadala banesisindo esingu-200-300 kg futhi ubude bawo bomzimba bubalelwa ku-2.6 m. Lezi yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, noma kunjalo, zingalala ngamaqembu amancane, okudala umbono womndeni wenhlalo. Ukuxhumana kwangempela kungenzeka phakathi komama nezingane zabo.

Abazidli izinkalankala, naphezu kwegama labo. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ama-95% e-Antarctic krill, okusele kuyis squid nenhlanzi. Zilungele kahle ukubamba ukubonga kwe-krill emazinyweni awo, okwenza isixha sokubamba inyamazane emanzini.

Njengoba uphawu lwe-crabeater londla kakhulu nge-krill, awadingi ukugxila ngokujulile futhi isikhathi eside. Ukutshuza okujwayelekile ukuya ekujuleni kuka-20-30 m, kuthatha imizuzu eyi-11, kepha aqoshwa ekujuleni kuka-430 m.

I-Weddell Seal

Ama-Weddell seal ayizilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala eqhweni. Isisindo sabantu abadala siyehluka phakathi kwama-400-450 kg, futhi ubude bomzimba buyi-2.9 m (emadodeni) no-3.3 m (kwabesifazane).

Bondla ikakhulu inhlanzi, kanye nama-squid nama-invertebrates ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Amanzi ama-Weddell ahlukahlukene kakhulu, ayakwazi ukuntywila ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-600 futhi achithe ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaba yimizuzu engama-82.

Ubukhulu benani lezi zilwane kunzima ukuzilinganisa, ngoba zihlala eduze kwe-Arctic Circle naseqhweni elihelezayo.

Izindlovu zaseningizimu

Izimpawu zasendlovu ezingaseningizimu zinkulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izimpawu futhi zibonisa uphawu lwe-sex dimorphism. Isisindo sabantu besilisa siyahlukahlukahluka kuhlu lwe-1500-3700 kg, nabesifazane - 350-800 kg. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buyi-4.5-5.8 m, nabesifazane - 2,8 m.

Ukudla kuqukethe kakhulu i-squid, kepha inhlanzi futhi ikhona (cishe ama-75% ama-squid nama-25% ezinhlanzi). Abesilisa, njengomthetho, badlulela eningizimu, bexosha inyamazane yabo.

Izindlovu ezingaseningizimu - izinhlobonhlobo ezihlaba umxhwele, zishona ziye ekujuleni kwama-300-500 m imizuzu engama-20-30. Zitholakala kulo lonke i-Antarctica, ezansi naseningizimu ejulile.

I-Antarctic tern

I-Antarctic tern ingummeleli ojwayelekile womndeni we-tern. Le nyoni encane, ubude bayo bungama-31- 38 cm, inesisindo esingu-95-120 g, futhi enamaphiko angama-cm angama-66-77. Uqhwaku lwayo imvamisa lubomvu noma lube mnyama. I-plumage i-grey elula noma emhlophe, kune- “cap” emnyama ekhanda. Izeluleko zamaphiko alesi sici ziphuzi ngombala onsundu.

Badla izinhlanzi kanye ne-krill, ikakhulukazi lapho ese-Antarctica. UKrachki uqaphela inyamazane yabo esuka emoyeni, abese engena ngemuva kwayo emanzini.

I-cormorant ese-Antarctic eluhlaza okotshani

I-cormorant yase-Antarctic eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyilungu kuphela lomndeni ogcwele izitho ezitholakala e-Antarctica. Bahlala eceleni kwegwili laseNingizimu Antilles neNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic, bajula eningizimu. Lawa ma-cormorants abonakala ngombala wamehlo okhanyayo kanye nokukhula kwe-orange-yellow ngaphansi komlomo, okuba kukhulu futhi kukhanye ngesikhathi sokuzala. Isisindo somzimba singama-1,8-3,5 kg, kuyilapho abesilisa besinda kancane kunabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka ukusuka kuma-68 kuye kwangama-76 cm, kuthi amaphiko lawo abe ngu-1.1 m.

Ngokuvamile zidla izinhlanzi, zivame ukwakha “umgibe” wamashumi noma izinyoni ezingamakhulu zingene emanzini izikhathi eziningana futhi zisizane ekubambeni izinhlanzi. Lawa ma-cormorant ayakwazi ukuntywila ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-116. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, acindezela amaphiko awo aqine emzimbeni bese esebenzisa izinyawo zawo ezibandayo.

I-White plover

I-White Plover ingelinye lezinhlobo ezimbili zohlobo Chionidae. Uthanda indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni. Lapho ehamba, anikine ikhanda lakhe njengejuba. Isisindo somzimba sehluka kusuka kuma-460 kuye ku-780 g, ubude bomzimba bungama-34-41 cm, kuthi amaphiko abe ngama-75-80 cm.

I-plover emhlophe ayinazinyawo zewebhu, ngakho-ke ithola ukudla kwayo emhlabathini. Unamandla amakhulu futhi ubonakala nge-kleptoparasitism (antshontsha i-krill nenhlanzi kusuka kumaphengwini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi udla amaqanda nam amaphuphu). Ibuye yondle ekuchitheni izidumbu kanye nezilwane, futhi, lapho kungenzeka khona, imfucuza yabantu.

Pintado

ICape Dove ingeyomndeni we-petrel. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-430 g, ubude bomzimba - 39 cm, kuthi amaphiko afinyelele ku-86 cm. Umbala wempaphe wale nyoni umnyama nomhlophe.

ICape Pigeon idla nge-krill, inhlanzi, i-squid, i-carrion kanye nemfucuza yemikhumbi, uma ikhona. Imvamisa babamba inyamazane ebusweni bamanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bagobhoza ngokujulile.

Isithwathwa seqhwa

Izingulube zeqhwa ziyizinyoni ezimhlophe ezinobuhlalu obumnyama namehlo. Zingubungako bejuba, futhi ngokungenakuphikiswa zihle kunazo zonke izinyoni zase-Antarctic. Ubude bomzimba bungama-30-40 cm, ama-wingspan - 75-95 cm, nesisindo - 240-460 g.

Zondla ikakhulu nge-krill futhi kufanele zihlale ziseduze nolwandle ukuze zikwazi ukufinyelela ekudleni. Zitholakala ogwini lwe-Antarctica, futhi, njengoba wazi, isidleke kude ekujuleni kwezwekazi (kuze kufike ku-325 km ukusuka ogwini), ezintabeni eziphuma phezu kweqhwa elizungezile.

I-Wandering albatross

I-albatross ezulazulayo iyinyoni enamaphiko amade kunawo onke (ukusuka ku-3.1 kuya ku-3.5 m). Le nyoni ingenza izindiza ezinde izinsuku eziyi-10 - 20, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-10,000, isebenzisa amandla amancane nje kunalapho ihlala esidlekeni.

Isisindo esijwayelekile sisuka ku-5.9 kuya ku-12,7 kg; abesilisa cishe baba ngama-20% ubunzima kunabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka kusuka ku-107 kuya ku-135 cm.

Isisekelo sokudla izinhlanzi, ama-squid nama-crustaceans. Le nyoni izingela ebusuku phezu kwamanzi noma ukudonsa ngokujula. Ama-albatrosses azulazulayo alandela izikebhe nemikhumbi yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lapho kudonswa khona ukudla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngemikhumbi yokudoba elahla izinhlanzi ngaphezulu.

I-South Polar Skuas

Ama-skuas asezingeni eliphakeme ayizinyoni ezinkulu kunalokho. Isisindo esijwayelekile sowesilisa yi-900-1600 g, futhi imincane kakhulu futhi ilula kunezinsikazi. Ubukhulu obuphakathi: 50-55 cm, namaphiko angama-130-140 cm.Ahlala esidlangalaleni e-Antarctica futhi azalela kude naseningizimu. Lezi zinyoni ziqoshwe eSouth Pole.

Zidla ikakhulu inhlanzi kanye ne-krill, yize amaqanda wepenguin, amaphuphu kanye ne-carrion nazo zingafakwa ekudleni, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ama-skuas aseNingizimu polar abonwe entshontsha izinhlanzi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.

Ukuma komhlaba kwe-antarctica

I-Antarctica iyizwekazi eliseningizimu impela emhlabeni. Ngokomhlaba, iSouth Pole itholakala e-Antarctica. Izwekazi lizungezwe uLwandle Oluseningizimu. I-Antarctica inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-14 200,000okuyinto ephindwe kabili ngobukhulu i-Australia.

98% womhlaba wase-Antarctica umbozwe yiqhwa, ubukhulu bawo lapho kwezinye izindawo bufinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-4,7, - ngaleyo ndlela uqweqwe luhlanganisa cishe zonke izifunda ngaphandle kwasenyakatho. Ugwadule olunamakhaza e-Antarctica lubonakala ngamazinga okushisa aphansi ngokweqile, imisebe yelanga enamandla nokuqina okumangazayo.

Cishe yonke imvula ingena ngesimo seqhwa futhi ikhawulelwe endaweni encane kuphela, cishe amakhilomitha angama-300 ukusuka ogwini. Kwezinye izifunda, kungaba ngama-50 mm kuphela kwezulu okwenzeka minyaka yonke.

Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu aseke aqoshwa eMhlabeni asanda kuqoshwa e-Antarctica esiteshini iVostok Antarctic, esisePolar Plateau, ngo -88.4 ° C. Noma ezimweni ezinzima kangaka kukhona impilo, kepha kungenzeka kuphela ama-exofix.

I-Antarctica - i-geography

Izinga lokushisa eLwandlekazi Oluseningizimu alishintshi kakhulu unyaka wonke - lihlala lisendaweni ye-1-2 ° C. Ehlobo, iqhwa lihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angama-4,000,000 wolwandle. Ishelufu lase-Antarctica lidlula amakhilomitha angama-60 ubude namakhilomitha angama-240 ububanzi. Ukujula kulezi zindawo zilinganiselwa kumamitha ayi-500. Ngaphansi ingxube yesihlabathi, udaka kanye nojikijolo.

Isimo sezulu engxenyeni enkulu ye-Antarctica somile impela, kepha ingxenye engasentshonalanga yezwekazi kanye neziqhingi ezingaphansi komhlaba zilungele impilo, ngakho-ke kulapho izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali futhi zikhula. Lezi zindawo zingathola imvula efinyelela ku-900 mm ngonyaka - kwesinye isikhathi kuyana lapho. Peninsula esenyakatho ukuphela kwendawo e-Antarctica lapho emazingeni okushisa ehlobo ekhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-0 ° C. Kungenxa yomswakama kanye namazinga okushisa lapho iziqhingi ezingaphansi komhlaba ziyikhaya lezilwane ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene.

Izidalwa ze-antarctica

Abamele abaphambili be-Antarctic fauna ama-extromophiles, okufanele avumelane nokuqina ngokweqile namazinga okushisa aphansi ngokweqile. Ubunzima besimo sezulu engxenyeni enkulu yezwekazi buqhathanisa kakhulu nobumnene obuhlukanisa iNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic neziqhingi ezingaphansi komhlaba - zinamazinga okushisa afudumele nomswakama ophakeme impela. Amanzi oLwandlekazi Oluseningizimu, olugeza i-Antarctica, ambozwe iqhwa kakhulu. Izikhala ezivulekile ziyindawo esimeme kakhudlwana yokuphila, zombili kwikholamu lamanzi nangaphansi.

I-Antarctic fauna ayihlukile kakhulu maqondana namanye amazwekazi. Impilo yasemhlabeni igxilwe ikakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini. Izinyoni zidla ezingxenyeni ezithanda kakhulu isimo sezulu se-Antarctic peninsula kanye neziqhingi ezingaphansi komhlaba. Amanzi olwandle ayikhaya Izinhlobo eziyi-10 zama-cetaceans. Ama-vertebrates wesifunda, yize engafani nokwehlukahlukana kwawo, athatha ubungako bawo. Ubuningi obukhulu babameleli bezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezihlala ezintabeni zihlala olwandle.

E-Antarctica, kungaphansi kwalokho Izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ezingama-235Amasayizi awo ahlukahluka kusuka emikhwaneni nezinyoni kuya kwiminenke emincane yolwandle, ukhukhamba olwandle nezibungu ezihlala odakeni. Izilwane zase-Antarctic ziye zakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlelo zokunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa, imvamisa ngezigqoko ezifudumele ngokwemvelo, ezinomoya futhi izingqimba ezinkulu zamafutha.

AmaCetaceans

Blue whale

p, blockquote 20,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 21,0,0,0,0 ->

I-South Whale ebushelelezi

p, blockquote 22,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 23,0,0,0,0 ->

Isikebhe

p, blockquote 24,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 25,0,0,0,0 ->

Finwal

p, blockquote 26,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 27,0,0,0,0 ->

Isidoda whale

p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->

Humpback whale

p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 31,0,0,0,0 ->

Minke whale

p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 33,0,0,0,0 ->

Killer whale

p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 35,1,0,0,0 ->

Ibhodlela elinekhanda eliqhugayo

p, blockquote 36,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->

Ukundiza

I-Antarctic tern

p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 39,0,0,0,0 ->

I-cormorant ese-Antarctic eluhlaza okotshani

p, blockquote 40,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->

I-White plover

p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 43,0,0,0,0 ->

Pintado

p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->

Isithwathwa seqhwa

p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Wandering albatross

p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->

I-South Polar Skuas

p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->

Isilobo esikhulu esiseNingizimu

p, blockquote 52,0,0,1,0 ->

p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->

Irabha likaWilson

p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Guillemot

p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->

Ayinazindiza

Emperor penguin

p, blockquote 58,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->

King penguin

p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Subantarctic Penguin

p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->

Adelie Penguin

p, blockquote 64,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Crested Penguin

p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 67,0,0,0,0 ->

Penguan Penguin

p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->

Isiphetho

Izidalwa zase-Antarctica zichaze ngokweqile futhi zimelelwa inani elikhulu lezakhamuzi zasemanzini. Isilwane esivame kakhulu kuleli zwekazi yisimpawu. Kunezihlambi zezindlovu nezingwe zasolwandle ogwini lolwandle. Inani lama-arthropods angama-invertebrate kuleli zwekazi kuphela izinhlobo ezingama-67 zemikhaza nezinhlobo ezi-4 zentwala.Zonke izilwane ezikhona zakuleli zwekazi zinokuzivumelanisa nemvelo zokuphila esimeni sezulu esinzima kangako. Izimfihlo eziningi zale ndawo ebandayo enguna namanje zisafundwa ososayensi.

Izici zezilwane zasendle zase-Antarctica

Ngenxa yezimo zokuphila ezinzima ezwenikazi, abekho abameleli abaningi bezilwane zasendle. Iningi lazo ayifuduki, okungukuthi, lapho kuqala ukubanda sezulu, athutha aye endaweni efudumele. Umhlaba ophilayo uxhumekile olwandle futhi kuphela okuncane kakhulu nogu. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nezakhamizi zomhlaba ngokuphelele lapha. Amanzi acebile nge-plankton - umthombo wokudla wama-cetaceans (i-blue whale, i-finwal, i-sperm whale, i-killer whale), i-pinnipeds (uphawu lwendlovu, izindlovu zasolwandle), inhlanzi, izinyoni.

Izinyoni ze-antarctica

Inyoni ebaluleke kakhulu ye-Antarctica, ehlotshaniswa naleli zwekazi, ipenguin. Izinhlobo eziningana zale nyoni ethokozisayo zihlala e-Antarctica. Ummeleli omkhulu wezinyoni emhlabeni uMbumbulu yi-Emperor penguin. ukukhula kwayo kungafinyelela ku-122 cm. Indawo abahlala kuyo ingamadwala namadwala, lapho behlala khona emakoloni amakhulu.

I-Emperor penguin igcwele e-Antarctica, okungukuthi, lezi zilwane zihlala kuphela esifundeni seSouth Pole futhi azitholakali kwenye indawo.

U-fig. 2. Emperor penguin.

Inkosi penguin nayo ihlala e-Antarctica. Lokhu futhi kuyinhlobo enkulu enkulu, kepha ephansi ngosayizi ku-Emperor penguin. Ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu kungama-100 cm futhi isisindo singama-18 kg. Ngaphezu kobukhulu balamapengu, i-empengu penguin ihlukaniswa ngamapulangwe ayo aqhakazile nanemibalabala. Ukudla okuyinhloko inhlanzi ne-squid.

I-subantarctic penguin ingesinye isakhamuzi semvelo yemvelo "yezwekazi elibandayo". Igama layo lesibili i-papuan penguin. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa kalula kwezinye izinhlobo zepenguin ngomlomo wazo obomvu we-orange. ngaphezu kwalokho, i-papuan penguin inomsila omude kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa namanye ama-penguin.

Isigaxa seqhwa siyinyoni yobuhle obumangazayo obuhlala kulelizwekazi. Le nyoni inepulamu emhlophe enoqhwaku olumnyama namehlo amnyama. Idla kuma-crustaceans, i-Antarctic krill, squid. Khetha ukwenza izidleke ezintabeni zamatshe.

Iphoyinti elikhulu inyoni okuthi uma libukeka lingabonakali njengegobolondo leqhwa. Amapayipi alo asempunga, adla izinhlanzi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi angazingela ngisho namaphinifa.

Phakathi kwezinyoni, umuntu angahlukanisa i-cormorant ese-Antarctic eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iplover emhlophe, i-albatross ezulazulayo.

Ezinye izilwane

I-Antarctic krill isakazekile eLwandlekazi Oluseningizimu. I-crustacean emincane engukudla okuyisisekelo kwezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi nezinyoni zase-Antarctica. Ubude bawo buyi-6 cm, isisindo - 2 g, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6.

U-fig. 3. I-Antarctic krill.

E-Antarctica, kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwezinambuzane ezingenabhanoyi. Le yiBelgica Antarctica, okuyinambuzane emnyama. Umbala omnyama usiza ukuqongelela ukushisa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela usinde emazingeni okushisa aphansi we-zero. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu isinambuzane esingamelana nawo singama-degrees ayi-15.

Ama-invertebrates

Ama-invertebrates amelelwa ama-arthropods (izinambuzane nama-arachnids), ama-rotifers, ama-tardigrade (Acutuncus antarcticus) kanye nematode ahlala enhlabathini. I-zooplankton ye-Antarctic, ngokuyinhloko i-krill, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, iyisisekelo soxhaxha lokudla lwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, ama-cetaceans, ama-squid, ama-squid, ama-penguins nezinye izilwane. Emachibini anamanzi acwebezelayo asogwini lolwandlekazi - "izigodi ezomile" - kunezindawo zemvelo ezi-oligotrophic ezakhiwe yi-algae eluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza, ozungezayo, ama-Copepods (ama-cyclops) kanye ne-daphnia.

I-Antarctic fauna ye-arthropods, icubungula iziqhingi ezisogwini zase-Antarctic (eningizimu ye-60 ° S), inezinhlobo okungenani eziyi-130: imikhaza (izinhlobo ezingama-67), iColumbmbola (19), izingwezane (37), izintwala (4), fleas (1), ama-dipterans (2) . Kulawa, angama-54 amafomu wokuhlanza.

I-Maxillofacial

Uhlobo lwe-coupmbol Cryptopygus antarcticus, ihlala phakathi kwama-mosses nama-lichens, lapho idla khona nge-detritus. Buka Gressittacantha terranova etholakala eVictoria Land. Ngokuvamile, e-Antarctic, kucatshangelwa i-Antarctic Peninsula (ogwini lwayo olusentshonalanga, I-Friesea grisea, I-Cryptopygys ​​antarcticus, I-Tullbergia Mediantarctica, I-Parisotoma octooculata, I-Archisotoma brucei) kanye neziqhingi zasogwini ze-Antarctic (Tullbergia antarctica, ITullbergia mixta) ngithole izinhlobo eziyi-17 ze-coupmbolas ezivela ku-13 genera yemindeni eyi-4. Ngaphezu kwesigamu sazo kuyindawo yasendaweni. I-Friesea grisea kutholakala eduze kwesiteshi saseRussia Antarctic Molodezhnaya.

Izinambuzane

• Belgica antarctica - Izinsimbi zomiyane ezinamaphiko ezingamaphiko ezivela emndenini weChironomidae (odonsa kakhulu). I-Antarctic peninsula ye-Antarctica (ukusuka olwandle kuya ku-150 m, eningizimu kuya ku-64 ° S). Lezi zinhlobo zokuqothuka kwe-Antarctic zibhekwa njengezikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, ezingasuki ebusweni bomhlaba, izilwane zase-Antarctica.

• Glaciopsyllus antarcticus - uhlobo lwezinhlwayi oluqhamuka emndenini wakwaCeratophyllidae oluhlakaza amaphuphu e-petrel I-Fulmarus glacialoides (uhlobo lwe-Stupid), ku-potrel iqhwa (Pagodroma nivea), I-pettle yase-Antarctic (I-Thalassoica antarctica), Cape Dove (Amandla okugoqeka) nezimvemvane zikaWilson (Izolwandle zasolwandle) .

Umuntu

Okwamanje akukho sakhamuzi esihlala e-Antarctica. Noma kunjalo, iziteshi eziningi zocwaningo zitholakala lapha, lapho inani labaphenyi lihlukahluka lisuka kubantu abayi-1000 ebusika liye kuma-4000 ehlobo (kunezakhamizi zaseRussia ezingaba ngu-150 eziteshini ezingama-7).

Umuntu wokuqala owazalelwa e-Antarctic angabizwa [ chaza ] UNorway Solveig Gunbjorg Jacobsen, owazalelwa lapho kuhlala khona omnumzana uGryutviken esiqhingini saseNingizimu Georgia ngo-Okthoba 8, 1913.

Umuntu wokuqala owazalelwa e-Antarctica uqobo ubhekwa njenge-Argentina Emilio Marcos Palma (Januwari 7, 1978, esiteshini sezamakhaza "Esperanza").

Ama-Dinosaurs e-Antarctica

Ukutholwa kokuqala kokudalwa kwe-dinosaur e-Antarctica kwenziwa ngo-1986: ankylosaurus I-Antarctopelta . Kuze kube manje, sekutholakale izinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-dinosaurs kuphela, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi cishe u-98% womhlaba we-Antarctica manje ungaphansi kweqhwa. Iningi lezinsalela ezitholakele zingamaqhekeza, yingakho iningi lawo lingakawatholi amagama esayensi. Esiqeshini saseRoss Island, engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Antarctica, kutholakale izinsalela zama-ankylosaurs nesidina seqembu lama-gypsylophodontids. Esiqhingini saseVega, izidumbu zedayosaur eqenjini le-hadrosaur zatholakala. Ngo-1991, e-Antarctica, emthambekeni weNtaba iKilpatrick, kutholakala izinsalela zeprozavropod, kanye nethropod yesikristali, efinyelela kumamitha ayisikhombisa ubude futhi inekhanda ekhanda layo ingu-20 cm ububanzi.

Isilobo esikhulu esiseNingizimu

Isilobi esikhulu seningizimu siyinyoni edla inyama evela emndenini wezilwane ezifuywayo. Isisindo sazo singama-5 kg ​​futhi ubude bomzimba waso singamasentimitha angama-87. Izimpiko zihlukahluka kusuka ku-180 kuya ku-205 cm.

Ukudla kuqukethe izidumbu ezifile zezimpawu zasolwandle namaphinifa, i-carrion, squid, krill, crustaceans, kanye nemfucuza evela emikhunjini noma ezikebheni zokudoba.

Izikhathi eziningi, lezi zinyoni zitholakala eziqhingini zase-Antarctic nase subantarctic. Zihlala endaweni evulekile esiQhingini saseFalkland.

Izici zeFauna

Izidalwa zase-Antarctica inomlando wayo wasendulo. Esikhathini esedlule, ngisho namadayinaso ayehlala ezweni. Kepha namuhla azikho ngisho izinambuzane ngenxa yemimoya ebandayo enamandla.

Namuhla, i-Antarctica ayiyona eyombuso emhlabeni. Umhlaba wemvelo awunakuchazeka lapha! Izilwane lapha azesabi abantu, ziyathandeka kubo, ngoba bebengayazi ingozi evela kumuntu othola kuphela leli lizwe elimangalisayo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.

Abaningi Izilwane zase-Antarctica ezifudukayo - akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukuhlala endaweni enokhahlo enjalo. Akukho mhlaba odla izinyawo ezinemilenze emine ezwenikazi. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izikhonkwane, izinyoni ezinkulu - Izilwane zase-Antarctica. Ividiyo ikhombisa ukuthi impilo yabo bonke abahlala kule ndawo ixhumene kanjani nogu lolwandle kanye nemiselekazi yamanzi ezweni.

IZooplankton, enothile emanzini azungeze izwekazi, iyindlela eyinhloko yokudla kwezakhamizi eziningi ezivela kumapengu, izakhamuzi zomdabu zase-Antarctica kuya emikhombeni nasolwandle.

Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma okwesibhakabhaka, umkhomo (ukuhlanza)

Isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esinesisindo samathani ayi-100-150, ubude bomzimba kufinyelela kumamitha angama-35. Isisindo sisonke singamathani ayi-16. Ama-Giants adla izidalwa ezincane ze-crustacean, zazo kukhona amanzi amaningi e-olwandle olwandle. I-shrimp kuphela ngosuku, umkhomo udla izigidi ezi-4.

Enhliziyweni yokudla - imvamisa kakhulu i-plankton. Izinto zokuhlunga ezakhiwa amapuleti e-whalebone zisiza ukuhlwitha ukudla. Izidingo zemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nazo ziyi-cephalopod nezinhlanzi ezincane, i-krill, ama-crustaceans amakhulu. Isisu se-whale sithatha ukudla okufika kumathani amabili.

Ingxenye engezansi yekhanda, umphimbo nesisu esisongelweni sesikhumba, esivuleka lapho siginya ukudla ngamanzi, kuthuthukisa amandla e-hydrodynamic whale.

Ukubona, ukuhogela, ukunambitheka kwama-buds kubuthakathaka. Kepha ukuzwa nokuthinta kuthuthukiswa ngokukhethekile. Imikhomo igcinwa yodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni ezicebile ngokudla, kuqhamuka amaqembu ezikhulu ezingama-3-4, kepha izilwane ziziphatha zihlakazekile.

Ukuntywila ngokujulile ezindaweni ezingama-200-500 m nge-diving iDemo. Ijubane lokuhamba libalelwa ku-35-45 km / h. Kubukeka sengathi isiqhwaga asinakuba nezitha. Kepha ukuhlaselwa komhlambi wezinkomo zokubulala kuyabulala abantu ngabanye.

I-Humpback Whale (Humpback)

Ubukhulu buyingxenye yalowo whale oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa isimo esisebenzayo siyingozi enkulu kulabo abaseduze nesilwane esiyingozi. IGorbach ihlasela ngisho nemikhumbi emincane. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa cishe amathani angama-35-45.

Itholwe igama lokubuyiselwa ngokuqinile kokubhukuda. Ama-Humpbacks ahlala emaphaketheni, lapho kwakhiwa khona amaqembu abantu abangu-4-5. Umbala wezilwane ovela kumnyama nomhlophe. Umhlane umnyama, isisu sinamabala amhlophe. Umuntu ngamunye unendlela eyingqayizivele.

Umkhomo uhlala ikakhulu emanzini asogwini; ushiya ulwandle kuphela lapho uthutha. Ijubane lokubhukuda lifinyelela ku-30 ​​km / h. Ukungena ekujuleni okungama-300 m okuhlukile ngokubonakala ngaphezulu lapho isilwane sikhipha khona amanzi lapho siphefumula emthonjeni ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 Eqa amanzi, amachashazi, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kuvame ukuhloswa ukuqeda izinambuzane ezitholakala esikhunjeni saso.

I-Humpback whale ingakwazi ukudonsa ngaphezu kwethani le-krill ngosuku

I-Seyval (ivas whale)

Umkhomo omkhulu we-whale whale ufike ku-17-20 m ubude, unesisindo ongaba ngamathani angama-30. ingemuva kumnyama, izinhlangothi zisezindaweni ezincane zombala okhanyayo, isisu esimhlophe. Ikota yobude besilwane yikhanda. Ukudla ikakhulu i-pollock, cephalopods, crustaceans enamehlo amnyama.

Ngemuva kokuncishiswa ekukhiqizweni komkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-salvage yaba isikhashana izinhlobo zezentengiso eziholayo. Manje ukuzingela abasizi akuvunyelwe. Izilwane zihlala zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi ngababili. Phakathi kwemikhomo zithuthukisa isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu esifinyelela kuma-55 km / h, esivumela ukuthi abaleke ekuhlaselweni komkhomo we-whale.

Finwal

Umkhomo wesibili ngobukhulu, obizwa ngokuthi isibindi eside. Izilwane ezincelisayo ziphila iminyaka engama-90-95. Umkhomo ungamamitha angama-25 ubude futhi unesisindo esingamathani angama-70. Isikhumba simnyama grey, kepha isisu sikhanya. Emzimbeni, njengamanye imikhomo, kunemisele eminingi enikeza umphimbo omkhulu ukuvula uma uthwebula inyamazane.

Ama-finials afinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-45 km / h, agibela kufika ku-250 m, kepha angaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15. Imithombo yabo inyuka ifike kumamitha ayi-6 lapho imidondoshiya inyuka.

Imikhomo ihlala emaqenjini abantu abangu-6-10. Ukudla okuningi kwandisa isibalo sezilwane emhlanjini. Ekudleni, i-herring, isardine, i-capelin, i-pollock. Babambisa izinhlanzi ezincane zibe yinqwaba bese beyiginya ngamanzi. Kufika kumathani lamabili etitidalwa letiphilako letinanyelwa ngelilanga. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwemikhomo kwenzeka ngosizo lwemisindo ephansi kakhulu. Bezwa omunye nomunye amakhilomitha amakhulukazi.

Imikhomo eyizimbotshana yombuso weqhwa wase-Antarctica izinyamazane eziyingozi ezinamaphini abukhali.

Killer imikhomo

Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zihlushwa izakhamizi ezingenakuphikiswa ezinama-alka okusika anamandla: imikhomo, izihlambi zamanzi, izihlambi zoboya, ngisho nemikhomo yesidoda. Igama laqhamuka ekuqhathaniseni kwe-high high ne-makali ebukhali kanye nethuluzi lokusika.

Amahlengethwa acwebile avela ezihlotsheni ahluka ngombala omnyama nomhlophe. Ngemuva nangezinhlangothi kumnyama, nomphimbo umhlophe, esiswini strip, ngaphezulu kwamehlo ibala elimhlophe. Ikhanda ligcotshwe phezulu kusuka phezulu, amazinyo ahlelwe ukuklebhula. Ngobude, abantu ngamunye afinyelela ku-9-10 m.

Isibuko samandla whales zokubulala sibanzi. Imvamisa ingabhekelwa eduze kwamaqhugwane asolwandle kanye nezimpawu zoboya. Imikhomo yama-Killer iminyene kakhulu. Nsuku zonke, isidingo sokudla sifinyelela kuma-150 kg. Ekuzingeleni, anokwakheka okukhulu: acasha ngemuva kwemigqa, aguqe ama-ice floes ngamapenguin ukuze awaphonse emanzini.

Izilwane ezinkulu zihlaselwa umhlambi wonke. Imikhomo ayivunyelwe ukuba ikhuphukele phezulu, kanti isidoda sesingena emanzini. Emhlambini wazo, imikhomo ebulala abantu inobungane ngendlela emangalisayo futhi inakekela izihlobo ezigulayo noma ezindala.

Lapho zizingela, imikhomo yokubulala isebenzisa umsila wayo ukudoba izinhlanzi

Isidoda imikhomo

Izilwane ezinkulu zize zibe ngu-20 m, lapho ikhanda lenza khona ingxenye yesithathu yomzimba. Ukubukeka okuhlukile ngeke kukuvumele ukuthi udide i-sperm whale nomunye umuntu. Isisindo cishe amathani angama-50. Phakathi kwemikhomo enamachaphaza kukhona umkhomo omkhulu kakhulu wesidoda osayizi.

Ukuphanga, okufunwa yi-echolocation, kugibela kuze kufike ku-2 km. Idla kuma-octopus, inhlanzi, squid. Kuhlala kuze kuphele ihora nesigamu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Inokuzwa okuhle kakhulu.

Ama-sperm whales ahlala emhlanjini omkhulu wamakhulu amakhanda. Azinazitha, kuphela imikhomo engumbulala ihlasela izilwane ezincane noma izinsikazi. I-Sperm whale iyingozi kakhulu ezweni elinolaka. Kube nezibonelo lapho izilwane ezinolunya zimanzisa imikhomo nemikhumbi eyonakalisayo.

Ibhodlela elisegceke phansi

Imikhomo emikhulu enebunzi elikhulu nomlomo onobuthi. Zicwiliswa ekujuleni kwamanzi futhi zingabamba ihora eli-1. Benza imisindo ibonakale njengama-cetaceans: ukushaya ikhwela, ukugaya. Ukuphonsa umsila emanzini kudlulisela amasiginali kwezihlobo.

Bahlala emihlambini yabantu abangama-5-6, phakathi kwabo kubuswa abesilisa. Ubude bomuntu ngamunye bufika ku-9 m, isisindo esilinganiselwe samathani ayi-7-8. Ukuphakelwa okuyinhloko kwebhodlela - ama-cephalopods, ama-squid, izinhlanzi.

Izimpawu

Izakhamizi zomdabu zase-Antarctica zizijwayela kahle nezilwandle ezibandayo. Ingqimba yezinwele zomzimba ezinamafutha, njengegobolondo, zivikela izilwane. Awekho ama-auricles nhlobo, kepha amatywina awazizwa, azwakala kahle emanzini.

Izilwane ezincelisayo ngesakhiwo sazo kanye nemikhuba yazo kufana nesixhumanisi esiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezilwane zomhlaba nezasolwandle. Amapulangwe, anama-membrane, ayakwazi ukwahlukaniswa. Futhi bazala izingane zabo emhlabeni futhi zifunda ukubhukuda!

Izilwane zase-Antarctica use isithombe zivame ukubanjwa lapho zihamba elangeni, zilele ogwini noma zikhukhuleke eweni. Emhlabathini, izimpawu ziyanyakaza, ukudonsa umzimba ngamaphiko. Bondla izinhlanzi, ama-octopus. Izimpawu ezibandakanya izilwane zasolwandle eziningi.

Indlovu yasolwandle

Isilwane esikhulu kakhulu, esibalelwa kumamitha ayi-5 ubude, sinesisindo esingamathani angama-2,5. Esihlathini kukhona isibaya esimangalisayo, esifana nesiqu sendlovu, esinikeze isibaya isilwane. Unamafutha amaningi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakhe kunokudla kwenyama. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, umzimba unyakaze njengejelly.

Ukuhlukahluka okuhle - gibela kuze kufike ku-500 m imizuzu engama-20-30. Izindlovu zasolwandle zaziwa ngemidlalo enzima yokuzalela lapho zilimazana khona. Zidla nge-squid, i-shrimp, inhlanzi.

I-Ross seal

Ukuthola isilwane akulula kangako. Uthatha umhlalaphansi ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki futhi azigcine eyedwa, yize engesabi abantu, uvumela umuntu asondele kuye. Osayizi phakathi kwezihlobo yibona abanesizotha kakhulu: isisindo esifinyelela ku-200 kg, ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-2.

Kukhona imigoqo eminingi entanyeni, lapho uphawu lubeka khona ikhanda lize lube uhambo oluya emgqonyeni oyindilinga. Umbala wejazi umdaka onsundu nge-shimmer yomthofu. Isisu sikhanya. Isilo esinonile nesinamathele siyacula kakhulu. Kwenza imisindo ye-melodic. Ekudleni, ama-octopus, ama-squid, amanye ama-cephalopod.

Emperor penguin

Ummeleli ohloniphekayo emndenini wepenguin. Ukuphakama kwenyoni cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-120, isisindo esingu-40-45 kg. I-plumage yangemuva ihlala imnyama, futhi amabele amhlophe, umbala onjalo emanzini usiza imaski. Emsamo nasezihlathini ze-Emperor penguin, izimpaphe eziphuzi namawolintshi. Ama-penguin amahle kangaka awabi ngokushesha. Amachwane kuqala ambozwe ngombala ompunga noma omhlophe.

Ama-penguins azingela ngamaqembu, ahlasela isikole senhlanzi futhi abambe konke okuza ngaphambili. Isisulu esikhulu sinqunywa ogwini, inyamazane encane idliwa emanzini. Ekufuneni ukudla, banqoba amabanga aqakathekile, bawele ku-500 m.

Indawo ye-dive kufanele ikhanyiswe, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinyoni zibone kunokuzwa. Ijubane lokuhamba libalelwa ku-3-6 km / h. Ngaphansi kwamanzi kungaba ngaphandle komoya imizuzu eyi-15.

Amapengu ahlala emakoloni, aqoqa abantu abangaba ngu-10,000. Zifudunyezwa ngamaqembu aminyene, ngaphakathi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifinyelela ku-35 ° С ngokushisa kwangaphandle kuya ku-20 ° С.

Baqapha ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kwezihlobo ukusuka emaphethelweni eqembu kuya maphakathi ukuze kungabikho noyedwa. Izitha zemvelo zamapenguins kukhona imikhomo yokubulala, izingwe zolwandle. Izilwane ezinkulu ezifuywayo noma ama-skuas zivame ukweba amaqanda ezinyoni.

Ama-Emperor penguins azungeza amachwane ukusinda emakhazeni nomoya

King penguin

Ukubukeka kufana nesihlobo sombusi, kepha ubukhulu bukhulu, umbala uqhakazile. Ekhanda ezinhlangothini, esifubeni, amabala e-orange anemibala egcwele. Isisu simhlophe. Ngemuva, amaphiko amnyama. Izinkukhu zinsundu. I-Nest emigqonyeni enzima, imvamisa phakathi kwamawa aqhutshwa yimimoya.

Adelie Penguins

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bezinyoni buyi-60-80 cm, isisindo esingama-6 kg. Imnyama ephezulu emuva, isisu esimhlophe. Emaceleni kwamehlo kukhona umugqa omhlophe. Amakoloni amaningi ahlanganisa izinyoni ezingaba yisigidi.

Isimo sama-penguins sibonisa ilukuluku lokwazi, ukuhamba, ukudideka. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwezidleke, lapho amatshe ayigugu abiwa njalo omakhelwane. Umbukiso wezinyoni ugcwele umsindo. Ngokungafani nezihlobo ezinamahloni zezinye izinhlobo, i-Adele inyoni ekhanyayo. Enhliziyweni yokudla kukhona i-krill. Kuze kufike ku-2 kg yekudla ngelilanga.

Ama-penguins e-Adélie abuyela minyaka yonke endaweni efanayo yokuthola izidleke nakumlingani ofanayo

I-Golden Penguin (i-Penguin Smart)

Igama lisuselwa kunqwaba ebonakalayo yezimpaphe eziphuzi ekhanda ngaphezulu kwamehlo. I-Crest ikuvumela ukuba ukhombe kalula ubunzima. Ukukhula cishe ku-70-80 cm. AmaKholoni aqoqa abantu abangafika ku-60,000.

Ulimi lokukhala nokuthinta kusiza ukuxhumana. UPenguin dandy uhlala kulo lonke i-Antarctica, lapho kutholakala khona amanzi.

Isilo esikhulu

Isidlakudla esindizayo esingazingeli inhlanzi kuphela, kodwa nangamapengu. Akenqabi i-carrion uma ethola izidumbu zezilwanyana zasolwandle noma ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Izinhlobo zohlobo lwesiqhingi esiseduze sase-Antarctica.

Izimpiko ezinkulu zezinyoni ezi-slate-grey, cishe ama-3 m, zikhaphela abahambi abanamandla. Bathola ngokungagodli indawo yabo yendabuko yezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha! Bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla omoya futhi bayakwazi ukundiza emhlabeni jikelele.

Amatilosi abiza izinyoni ngokuthi "izinyithi" ngephunga elingathandeki, uhlobo lokuvikelwa ezitheni. Ngisho nenkukhu esidlekeni iyakwazi ukukhipha indiza yetshezi ngephunga le-pungent uma izwa ingozi. Amandla, ubudlova, ukuhamba kunikezwa kubo kusukela ekuzalweni.

I-Albatrosses

Izinyoni ezinkulu ezinamaphiko ama-4 m, ubude bomzimba obungamasentimitha ayi-130. Ekundizeni, zifana noswidi olumhlophe. Zizwe umnandi ezintweni ezahlukahlukene: umoya namanzi. Umhlaba unyakaza ngokungaqinisekile, futhi amagagasi asuka emithambekeni noma emithini. Ayaziwa amatilosi njengemikhumbi ehambisana nawo - kunokuthile okuzondla ngokwawo ngodoti.

Ama-Albatrosses abizwa ngokuthi azulazula angapheliyo ngoba ahlala elima izinkemba zolwandle, efuna inyamazane. Zingakwazi ukudonsa izinhlanzi ziye ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-5. Zakha izidleke eziqwini ezinamadwala. Bakha imibhangqwana impilo, futhi babe neyodwa ende, kuze kube iminyaka engama-50.

Skuas Omkhulu

Inyoni yase-Antarctic, isihlobo sengwayi yasolwandle. Iphiko lifinyelela ku-40 cm ubude.Lindiza ngokuphelele, ngesivinini esinekhono noma linciphise indiza. Ingakwazi ukuhlala endaweni yayo, amaphiko ayo abheke phezulu, iphenduke ngokushesha, isheshe ihlasele inyamazane.

Ihamba kahle emhlabathini. Idla izinyoni ezincane, amaphuphu angaphandle, izilwane, ayideleli udoti. Ukuphanga, ukuthatha inhlanzi kwezinye izinyoni, hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu. Eqinile futhi aqine emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Izimpiko zeSkua zifinyelela ku-140 cm

Irabha likaWilson

Inyoni encane emnyama mpunga, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-swallow yolwandle ngosayizi ofanayo nezici zokundiza. Ubude bomzimba cishe ngo-15-19 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-40 cm. Ukujika kwawo, kuqondisa umoya ngokushesha, kuyakhanya, kukhanya.

Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi bahlala phansi phezu kwamanzi, bedansa benemilenze emide ebusweni. Iminwe kungathi ixhunywe ulwelwesi ophuzi. Ngakho-ke baqoqa inyamazane encane, ukujula ngokujula, ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20. Bahlangana emikhondweni emadwaleni, isidleke endaweni efanayo.

Wonke umuntu uyaqonda yiziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Antarctica, - Kuphela onamandla kakhulu angahlala ezwekazini nge-permafrost ne-bask olwandle olunamanzi. Umhlaba wemvelo lapha uqeda ababuthakathaka.

Kodwa amaqiniso amangalisayo akhombisa ukuthi izilwane eziningi ezinhlotsheni zazo zinobungane futhi zinakekela izihlobo. Imvelo yangaphandle ibahlanganisa. Kuphela ngokufudumala kwabo nezikole eziningi lapho basindisa khona impilo e-Antarctica enokhahlo futhi engaqondakali.

I-Subantarctic Penguin

I-subantarctic penguin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-papuan penguin. Iqashelwa kalula umucu wayo omhlophe obanzi ogijima ngaphezulu kwekhanda lakhe kanye nomlomo wawo okhanyayo obomvu o-orange. Lolu hlobo lunezinyawo ezinamabala ansundu, futhi umsila omude nguwo ovelele kunawo wonke ama-penguin.

I-papuan penguin ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-51 kuye kwangama-90 cm, izenze izinhlobo zesithathu zikakhulu penguin, ngemuva kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu: i-Emperor ne-penguins zenkosi. Abesilisa banesisindo esikhulu cishe esingama-8.5 kg, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuncibilika, nesisindo esilinganiselwe esingama-4.9 kg, ngaphambi kokuzalelwa. Kwabesifazane, isisindo sisukela ku-4,5 kuye ku-8.2 kg. Le nhlobo iyona eshesha kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi, ithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-36 km / h. Zivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nezimo zezulu ezinzima kakhulu.

Ama-penguin ama-Subantarctic adla kakhulu ama-crustaceans, kanti nezinhlanzi zakha cishe u-15% wokudla.

I-Antarctic krill

I-Antarctic krill imele i-oda le-Ephausian, elivame emanzini ase-Antarctic oLwandle Oluseningizimu. Le ndawo encane kakhulu ehlala emaqenjini amakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kubantu abangama-10,000 ukuya kuma-500,000 ngemitha eyi-cubic. UKrill udla ngo-phytoplankton. Ikhula ngo-6 cm ubude, inesisindo esifinyelela ku-2 g, futhi ingaphila iminyaka eyisithupha. I-Krill ingenye yezinhlobo ezibalulekile ku-ecosystem ye-Antarctica futhi, ngokuya nge-biomass, mhlawumbe izinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni (cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-500, ahambelana nabantu abangama-300-400 trillion).

Belgica antarctica

I-Belgica antarctica yigama lesiLatini lolo hlobo lwezinambuzane ezingabonakali ezindizayo oluya e-Antarctica. Ubude bawo buyi-2-6 mm.

Lesi sinambuzane sinombala omnyama, ngenxa yawo uyakwazi ukudonsa ukushisa ukuze usinde. Ingakwazi futhi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko kosawoti ne-pH, futhi iphile ngaphandle komoya-mpilo amasonto ama-2-4. Emazingeni okushisa ngaphansi - 15 ° C, Belgica antarctica iyafa.