I-Kitoglav - Lokhu kuyinyoni enkulu yamanzi engabongwa ngokungagxili umlomo wayo oyingqayizivele "obunjwe esicathulweni," okunika ukubukeka okuphambili ngaphambili, ukhumbula umsuka wezinyoni ezivela kuma-dinosaurs. Uhlobo lolu lwalutholakala emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye ase-Afrika futhi lunobubanzi obukhulu, kepha luyatholakala kubantu abancane bendawo abagxile emabhishi nasezindaweni ezimanzi.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
UKitoglav wayaziwa phakathi kwabaseGibhithe basendulo kanye nama-Arabhu, kepha akazange aqhathaniswe kuze kube ngekhulu le-19, lapho amasampula aphilayo alethwa eYurophu. UJohn Gould wachaza izinhlobo zezilwane ngo-1850, wazibiza ngeBalaeniceps rex. Igama lohlobo luvela kumagama esiLatini athi balaena "whale" ne-caput "ikhanda", afushanisiwe -akhombisa ngamagama ayinkimbinkimbi. Ama-Arabhu abiza le nyoni i-abu marcub, okusho ukuthi "isicathulo."
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: bird Whale
UShoebills uyilungu kuphela lohlobo lweBalaenicep futhi okuwukuphela kwelungu lomndeni ophilayo womndeni kaBadenicipitidae. Lezi yizinyoni ezinde, ezinokwethusa ezinye ezinobude obungamamitha ayi-110 kuye kwangama-140, kanti ezinye izinkomba zifinyelela ku-152 cm.I ubude ukusuka emsileni kuya kuqhwaku lingasuka ku-100 kuye ku-1401 cm, kanti amaphiko asuka kumamitha ayi-230 kuye kwangama-260. . Isisindo kubikwe ukuthi sehluke kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-7 kg. Owesilisa uzokala ngokwesilinganiso mayelana ne-5.6 kg noma ngaphezulu, kuthi owesimame ojwayelekile abe ngu-4.9 kg.
I-plumage i-grayish-grey enekhanda elimnyama grey. Imibala eyisisekelo inamathiphu amnyama, futhi imibala yesibili ine-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba ophansi unomthunzi olula onsundu. Ngemuva kwekhanda kunenqwaba yezinsiba zezimpaphe ezingaphakanyiswa kuqhubu. Inkukhu entsha esanda kubanjwa inyamazane ifakwe ngotshani obomvu onsomi, futhi inombala omnyama onsundu ngokwebala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokusho kwama-ornithologists, lolu hlobo lungezinye zezinyoni ezinhlanu ezihehayo e-Afrika. Kukhona nezithombe zaseGibhithe zomkhomo whale.
Umlomo wesigaxa uyisici esiphawuleka kakhulu sale nyoni futhi sifana nebhuthini lokhuni, elinombala onotshani onama-grey banga angazinzi. Lokhu kungokwakhiwa okukhulu okuphelela ngegobolondo elibunjiwe. AmaMandibles (ama-mandibles) anemiphetho ebukhali esiza ukusiza ekubambeni nasekudliseni inyamazane. Intamo incane futhi ibe mikhulu kunezinye izinyoni ezinde ezinemilenze emide, njengama-cranes namakheroni. Amehlo makhulu futhi anombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Imilenze yinde futhi imnyama. Iminwe yinde kakhulu futhi ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kolwelwesi phakathi kwabo.
Ihlala kuphi inhloko yomkhomo?
Photo: Kitoglav in Zambia
Izinhlobo lezi zitholakala e-Afrika futhi zihlala engxenyeni esepumalanga-maphakathi nezwekazi.
Amaqembu amakhulu ezinyoni yilezi:
- eningizimu yeSudan (ikakhulukazi e-White Nile),
- ezindaweni ezimanzi ezisenyakatho ne-Uganda,
- entshonalanga neTanzania,
- ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yeCongo,
- enyakatho-mpumalanga yeZambia kubhukudi lwaseBangweulu,
- Kutholakala abantu abancane ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga zeZaire naseRwanda.
Loluhlobo luningi kakhulu endaweni engaphansi kweNtshonalanga yeNayile kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile eziseningizimu yeSudan. Kuvele imibiko esezindaweni ezihlala wodwa zamakhanda e-whale-Kenya eKenya, enyakatho neCameroon, eningizimu nentshonalanga ye-Ethiopia neMalawi. Abantu abambalwa babonwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-Okavango, Botswana kanye nezindawo eziphakeme zoMfula iCongo. IShoebill iyinyoni engahambelani nokuhamba okungapheli kwesizini ngenxa yezinguquko endaweni yokuhlala, ukutholakala kokudla kanye nokukhathazeka kwabantu.
AmaKitoglavs akhethwa ngamaxhaphozi anamanzi amasha kanye nezixhaphozi ezinkulu, eziminyene. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula ezifakwe nge-pristine papyrus kanye nomhlanga. Lapho ingulube yomnenga isendaweni enamanzi ajulile, idinga ukuba nezitshalo eziningi ezintantayo. Babuye bakhethe izidumbu zamanzi ezinamanzi angamphefumuli kahle. Lokhu kubangela izinhlanzi ezihlala lapho ukuba zithambekele phezulu ebusweni, okwandisa amathuba okubanjwa.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona inyoni. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe udlani whale?
Photo: Kitoglav noma Royal Heron
IKitoglava ichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ifuna ukudla endaweni yasemanzini. Ubuningi bokudla kwabo okukuphilayo kuqukethe ama-vertebrates angamaxhaphozi.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezikhethekile zezimayini zifaka:
- protopter yemabula (P. aethiopicus),
- ISenegalese polyoper (P. senegalus),
- izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-tilapia,
- ikhekhe (iSilurus).
Enye inyamazane edliwe yile nhlobo ifaka:
Ngokunikezwa umlomo omkhulu omkhulu onemiphetho ebukhali, kanye nesigxobo esibanzi, umkhomo ungabamba inyamazane enkulu kunezinye izinyoni ezi marsh. Izinhlanzi ezidliwayo yile nhlobo zivame ukuba nobude obungama-15 kuye kwangama-50 cm futhi zibe nesisindo esingama-500. Izinyoka ezizingelwayo zivame ukuba nobude obungamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-60. izinyoka zamakati nezinyoka zamanzi.
Amasu amakhulu asetshenziswa imikhomo iwukuthi “ume ulinde” nokuthi “uzulazule kancane.” Lapho kutholwa inyamazane, ikhanda nentamo yenyoni ingena ngokushesha emanzini, okwenza inyoni yehluleke nokuwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, umkhomo kufanele ubuyisele ibhalansi bese uqala futhi ukusuka endaweni yokuma.
Kanye nesisulu, izinhlayiya zezimila zingena kuqhwaku. Ukususa isisindo esiluhlaza okotshani, amakhanda omkhomo anikine amakhanda kusuka ngapha nangapha, ebambe inyamazane yawo. Ngaphambi kokugwinya, inyamazane ivame ukubekwa phansi. Futhi, uqhwaku olukhulu luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhipha ukungcola phansi echibini ukuze kukhishwe inhlanzi efihlwe izimbobo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Heron
IKitoglava ayenzeki emaqenjini ngesikhathi sokudla. Kuphela lapho ukusweleka kokudla kuzwakala ngokunamandla, lezi zinyoni zingadla eduze kwazo. Imvamisa, owesilisa nowesifazane abesilisa abazalanayo bathola ukudla ezinhlangothini eziphambene zensimu yabo. Izinyoni azithuthi inqobo nje uma kunezimo ezinhle zokudla. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo zobubanzi bazo, zizokwenza ukuhamba kwesizini phakathi kokuthola izidleke nezindawo ze-aft.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: IKitoglavy ayibesabi abantu. Abaphenyi abafunda lezi zinyoni bakwazi ukusondela ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili esidlekeni sabo. Izinyoni azange zisongele abantu, kepha zababuka ngqo.
Amakhanda we-Whale akhuphuka kuma-thermals (isisindo somoya okhuphukayo), futhi avame ukubonwa ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwensimu yawo phakathi nosuku. Lapho indiza, intamo yenyoni iyabuya. Izinyoni, njengomthetho, azithuli, kepha zivame ukukhonkotha ngemilomo yazo. Abantu abadala babingelelana esidlekeni, futhi amachwane amane nje alungisa imilomo yawo edlala. Abantu abadala bazokwenza nomsindo wokukhala noma wokukhala, futhi amaphuphu enza umsindo we-hiccup, ikakhulukazi lapho ecela ukudla.
Imizwa eyinhloko esetshenziswa ngamakhanda omkhomo ngesikhathi sokuzingela ukubona nokuzwa. Ukwenza lula ukubonwa kwe-binocular, izinyoni zibamba amakhanda azo futhi ziluhlaza mpela esifubeni. Lapho usuka, umkhomo whaleclaw ugcina izimpiko zawo ziqonde, futhi, njengama-pelicans, indiza intamo yayo idonswe ngaphakathi. Ukujuluka kwayo kuvama cishe izikhathi eziyi-150 ngomzuzu. Lokhu kungenye yejubane elihamba kancane phakathi kwazo zonke izinyoni, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezinkulu zamaqhude. Imodeli yendiza iqukethe imijikelezo yokushintshana: ukushintshwa nama-glides ahlala njalo ngemizuzwana eyisikhombisa. Izinyoni ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-36 endle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Kitoglav ngendiza
I-Kitoglavy - inezindawo ezilinganiselwa ku-3 km². Ngenkathi yokuzalela, lezi zinyoni zinendawo yonke futhi zivikela isidleke kunoma yisiphi isisulu noma izimbangi. Isikhathi sokuzala siyahluka ngokwezindawo, kepha kuvame ukuhlangana ekuqaleni kwesizini eyomile. Umjikelezo wokuzala uthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-7. Isitayela samamitha amathathu ububanzi siyanyathelwa bese sinqunyelwa isidleke.
Isidleke sitholakala esiqhingini esincane noma esithebeni sezimila ezintantayo. Izinto ezishunyekiwe, ezinjengotshani, zifakwa emhlabathini, zakha isakhiwo esikhulu esinoxhaxha lwamamitha ayi-1. Iqanda elilodwa kuya kwabathathu, imvamisa, libekwa amaqanda amhlophe, kepha kusele inkukhu eyodwa ekugcineni komjikelezo wokuzalela. Isikhathi sokufuduka sidlula izinsuku ezingama-30. Amakhanda omkhomo apha amantshontsho ngokufafaza ukudla okungenani izikhathi ezingama-1-3 ngosuku, njengoba ekhula amahlandla ama-5-6.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhanda we-whale kuyinqubo ehamba kancane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni. Izimpaphe zikhula kuze kube cishe izinsuku ezingama-60, futhi amaphuphu aphuma esidlekeni ngosuku lwe-95 kuphela. Kepha amachwane azokwazi ukundiza izinsuku ezingaba ngu-105-112. Abazali bayaqhubeka bondla amawundlu cishe inyanga cishe ngemuva kweplamu.
Kitoglavy - izinyoni monogamous. Bobabili abazali babandakanyeka kuzo zonke izici zokwakha izidleke, ukufakwa kanye nesidleke. Ukuze kugcinwe amaqanda epholile, abantu abadala baqoqa uqhwaku olugcwele lwamanzi bese belithululela esidlekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babeka izingcezu zotshani obumanzi bezungeza amaqanda bese baphendulela amaqanda ngezihlakala noma ngomlomo.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Kitoglav noma inkosi heron Kungokwe-Ciconiiformes ye-oda futhi imele umndeni wama-cetaceans. Inani lalezi zinyoni ezingaziwa cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Lezi izinyoni ezingandile.
Izizathu zokunyamalala kwabo zibhekwa njengokuncishiswa kwensimu efanele indawo yabo kanye nokubhujiswa kwezidleke. Royal whale inokubukeka okungajwayelekile, okunzima ukuyikhohlwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubukeka njengesilo esivuselelwekile sangaphambi kwekhanda esinekhanda elikhulu. Ikhanda likhulu kangangokuba ubukhulu balo licishe lifane nomzimba wale nyoni.
Ngokumangazayo, ikhanda elikhulu kangako libamba intamo ende futhi emincane. Isici esivelisayo esiyisihloko uqhwaku. Ubanzi kakhulu futhi uyafana nebhakede. Abantu bendawo banikeze igama labo kule "dinosaur enezinwele" - "ubaba wesicathulo." Ukuhunyushwa kwesiNgisi "kunamakhanda whale", kanti elaseJalimane "lizihloko ezicathulweni".
Ukuhlangana omkhulu whale ezweni elilodwa kuphela - i-Afrika. Indawo yokuhlala yiKenya, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Botswana kanye neSouth Sudan.
Endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, ukhetha izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka: izimbotshana zamapulangwe kanye nokubhukuda. Indlela yokuphila ixazululiwe futhi ayishiyi indawo yokuthola izidleke. Imvelo yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izimo zokuhlala zikhululekile kulenyoni. I-Kitoglav inemilenze emide, emincane, neminwe isakazeka kabanzi.
Lesi sakhiwo sama-paws sikuvumela ukuthi ukhulise indawo yokuxhumana nenhlabathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inyoni ayingeni ekuthambekeni okuthambile kwezixhaphozi. Ngenxa yaleli khono, umkhomo omkhulu ungachitha amahora amaningi endaweni eyodwa futhi uhambe ngokukhululeka ezindaweni ezimanzi. Inkosi i-heron ihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi futhi ingesinye sabameleli abakhulu be-oda Ciconiiformes.
Ukukhula kwalo kufinyelela ku-1-1,2 m, kanti amaphiko lawo angamamitha ayi-2-2,5. Ubukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Isiqhwaga esinjalo sinesisindo esingu-4-7 kg. Umbala wempaphe yale nyoni ungwevu. Ikhanda elikhulu ligqweswe umqhele ngemuva kwekhanda. Uqhwaku oludumile lomkhomo whale wphuzi, wobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Ubude bawo bungama-23 cm futhi ububanzi bawo bube amasentimitha ayi-10. Uphela ngegwegwe eliqondiswe phansi.
Esinye isici sale nyoni engajwayelekile amehlo. Akhiwe ngaphambili kwesigebhezi, hhayi ezinhlangothini, njengezinyoni eziningi. Lokhu kulungiswa kwamehlo kuwanika ithuba lokubona yonke into ezungezile ngesithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane balolu hlobo lwenyoni kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa komunye nomunye.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Heron whale kuholela empilweni yokuhlala nokuhlala ngasese. Kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, bahlala endaweni ethile, bezama ukuhlala bodwa. Bambalwa abakwazi ukuphatha ukubona amakhanda we-whale. Ukuxhumana namalungu wephakethe kwenzeka ngosizo lokuhlafuna nokukhalaza okungafani nalokhu.
Kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile, ikakhulukazi bazama ukuthula futhi bangadonseli ukunaka okukhethekile kumuntu wabo. Lapho inyoni iphumule, ibeka umlomo wayo esifubeni sayo. Ngokusobala, ukudambisa ukungezwani entanyeni, ngoba uqhwaku lwalezi zinyoni umane mkhulu. Kodwa ngokunembile ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, abazingeli be-whale babhekwa njengomdobi onamakhono kakhulu.
Ukundiza kwe-heron yasebukhosini kuyinto enhle kakhulu. Kakhulu ukundiza kundiza ephansi, kepha kunezikhathi lapho bethatha isinqumo sokundiza phezulu esibhakabhakeni bese bekhuphuka ngenhla kwesibhakabhaka sezindela zabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amakhanda e-whale ahoxisa izintamo zawo futhi abe njengendiza.
Naphezu kokubukeka kwabo okwesabisayo, lezi ziyizinyoni ezolile hhayi ezimbi. Bahlangana ngokuphelele nabantu abathunjiwe futhi bathambisa kalula. Ukubukeka kwabo okungajwayelekile kukhanga ababukeli kuma-zoos. Kepha njengoba sekushiwo, lezi zinyoni azijwayelekile emvelweni nasekuthunjweni.
I-Whalefrog wingspan iyamangalisa
I-Royal Whale iyintandokazi yezithombe. Bheka nje esithombeni futhi umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi ubheka isifanekiso se "grey Cardinal." Isikhathi esingakanani bangama. Konke ukunyakaza kwakhe kuhamba kancane futhi kukalwa.
Le nyoni "yegazi lasebukhosini" ihlukaniswa ngemikhuba emihle. Uma usondela futhi ukhothama, unikina ikhanda lakho, bese uphendula umnsalo ekhanda whale futhi. Nakhu ukubingelela okungahambisani nalokhu. I-Herons ne-ibis zivame ukusebenzisa umkhomo whale njengesiqaphi somzimba. Bahlangana emaphaketheni ababazungezile, bezizwa belondekile eduze nesiqhwaga esinjalo.
Izitha zemvelo zemikhomo
Photo: bird Whale
Kunezilwane eziningana ezizingela zemikhomo yabantu abadala. Lezi ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla ezinye (i-hawk, i-falcon, i-kite) ehlasela ngenkathi indiza ihamba kancane. Kodwa-ke, izitha eziyingozi kakhulu izingwenya, ngamanani amakhulu ahlala ezindaweni zokubhukuda zase-Afrika. Izinyoka namaqanda zingathathwa ngabaningi bezinyamazane, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu, ngoba lezi zinyoni ziphikelela zivikela amawundlu azo futhi zakha izidleke ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kulabo abafuna ukuzidla.
Izitha ezidla imiphefumulo eyingozi kakhulu ngabantu ababamba izinyoni futhi bazithengise ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bomdabu bathola isamba esikhulu semali ngokuthengiswa kwalezi zinyoni kwizindawo zasekhaya. Abazingeli, ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo abahlala kuyo abantu kanye namathagi amasiko, okuholela ekutheni bazingelwe futhi bathunjwe ngamalungu ezizwe zasendaweni, basongela iKitoglava.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Emiphakathini eminingi yase-Afrika, amakhanda omkhomo abhekwa njengengakahambi futhi aletha ububi. Ezinye izizwe zasendaweni zidinga amalungu azo ukuba abulale lezi zinyoni ukuze kucace umhlaba wazo ngobubi obubi. Lokhu kuholele ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Afrika.
Ukuthengwa kwezilwane ngama-zoos, okwakhelwe ukusinda kwalolu hlobo, kuholele ekwehlelweni okukhulu kwabantu. Izinyoni eziningi ezithathwe endaweni yemvelo futhi ezibekwe ezindaweni zoo zenqaba ukushada. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imikhomo yezinyoni iyizilwane eziyimfihlo kakhulu futhi ezinesizungu, futhi nengcindezi yokuhamba, indawo engazwisisekanga nokuba khona kwabantu kuma-zoo, njengoba wazi, zibulala lezi zinyoni.
Ukudla kwe-Whalehead
Bird whale Ungumdobi omuhle kakhulu nomzingeli wezilwane zasemanzini. Ukwazi ukuma anganyakazi isikhathi eside, elindele inyamazane yakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuthi "ubheme" izinhlanzi zibheke phezulu, la "maqhinga" avusa amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela okunjalo, umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi ukubekezela kwasebukhosini kwalesi heron akunamkhawulo. Imenyu ye-whalehead ifaka i-catfish, i-tilapia, izinyoka, amasele, ama-mollusks, amafudu kanye nezingwenya ezincane.
UKitoglav uthanda ukudla izinhlanzi
Basebenzisa umlomo wabo omkhulu njengenethi uvemvane. Bafuna izinhlanzi nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo zakulesi silondolozi kubo. Kepha ukudla akuhambi njalo kuya esiswini. IKitoglav, njenge-chef, ihlanza kuqala ukuhlanza izitshalo ngokweqile.
Inkosi i-heron uncamela isizungu, futhi ngisho nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi abahlala kuzo, badla kude. Leli banga lingamamitha angama-20. Umthetho ofanayo uyasebenza kwizithandani ezizingelayo zomkhomo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Kitoglav ngemvelo
Izilinganiso eziningi zezinhlobo zokuzalela zomkhomo zenziwe, kodwa eziqonde kunazo zonke ziyizinyoni eziyi-11,000 ukuya ku-15,000 kulo lonke uhla. Njengoba abantu besakazeke ezindaweni ezinkulu futhi iningi labo lingafinyeleleki kubantu isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, kunzima ukuthola inombolo ethembekile.
Usongo ngukubhujiswa nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuzingela nokudoba ngokuhweba kwezinyoni. Kuhlaziywa indawo ekahle yokukhulisa amadlelo. Futhi njengoba wazi, izinkomo zinyathela izidleke. E-Uganda, ukuhlola kwe-oyela kungathinta izinkumbi zabantu zalezi zinhlobo ngokuguqula indawo okuhlala kuyo kanye nokungcoliswa kawoyela. Ukungcola kungabaluleka futhi lapho imfucuza evela kuma-agrochemicals kanye nase-tannery igeleza noma idedela eLake Victoria.
Izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhweba kwi-zoo, okuyinkinga, ikakhulukazi eTanzania, lapho ukuhweba ngezinhlobo kusasebenza ngokusemthethweni. AmaKitoglavy athengiswa ngama- $ 10,000-20,000, azenze izinyoni ezibiza kakhulu e-zoo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abavela ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zaseBangweulu (Zambia), amaqanda namachwane athathwa yizakhamuzi zakule ndawo ukuze zidayiswe futhi ziyathengiswa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Impumelelo yokuzala ingaba kancane njenge-10% ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesici somuntu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala sika-2011-2013. Amathoyizi ayishumi kuphela kwabangu-25 afakwe ngempumelelo: amachwane amane afa ngomlilo, elinye labulawa, kwathi angu-10 athathwa ngabantu.
EZambia, umlilo nesomiso kusongela izindawo zokuhlala. Kunobufakazi bokubanjwa nokuhlukunyezwa. Ingxabano eRwanda naseCongo iholele ekwephulweni kwezindawo ezivikelwe, kanti nokwanda kwezibhamu kusiza kakhulu ukuzingela. EMalagarashi, izindawo ezinkulu zehlathi le-miombo eliseduze nezixhaphozi ziyahlanjululwa ngenxa kagwayi nezolimo, kanti abantu, kubandakanya nabadobi, abalimi kanye nabelusi abangabazekayo, sebekhule ngokushesha kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva. Eminyakeni emine, izidleke ezi-7 kwezingu-13 kuphela ezaphumelela.
Ukuzalela umkhomo nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi sokuzala whale whale siqala ngemuva kwenkathi yemvula. Lo mcimbi obalulekile uzoba ngoMashi - Julayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, amakhambi enza imidanso yokugomela phambi kwawo. Umdanso womshado umnsalo whale phambi kozakwethu wesikhathi esizayo, ukunwetshwa kwentamo nezingoma ezingafani nolwandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwesimo, ukwakhiwa kwendlu yomndeni kuyaqala. Ubukhulu bayo, ukufanisa izakhamizi uqobo, zimane nje zinkulu. Ububanzi besidleke esinjalo bungamamitha ayi-2,5. Owesifazane uzalela amaqanda ama-1-3, kepha kusele inkukhu eyi-1. Bobabili abazali bayabandakanyeka ekusukeni nasekukhuliseni inzalo. I-Egg incubation ihlala cishe inyanga.
Ama-Whalefin Chick
Isimo sezulu esishisayo, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elithile, amakhanda we-whale "ageza" amaqanda. Benza izinqubo ezifanayo zamanzi ngenkukhu. Amachaphaza aminyene aconsayo indawo yokuhlala.Ukuhlala nabazali kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2.
Lapho ifika eminyakeni yobudala, iphuphu liyoluka ngezikhathi ezithile esidlekeni. Ezinyangeni ezi-4, uzoshiya ikhaya labazali aqale impilo ezimele. Ama-Royal herons avuthwa ngokomzimba ngeminyaka emi-3. Lezi zinyoni ziphila isikhathi eside. Isikhathi se-Whalehead Life ifinyelela cishe iminyaka engama-36.
Ukuvikelwa Kwe-Whale
Isithombe: I-Red Book Kitoglav
Ngeshwa, le nhlobo isondele ekuqothulweni futhi ilwela ukusinda kwayo. I-IUCN ihlola imikhomo yeShoebill njengoba isengozini. Lezi zinyoni zibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho eSudan, eCentral African Republic, e-Uganda, eRwanda, eZaire naseZambia yi-African Convention on Natural and Natural Resources. Izinganekwane zendawo zivikela nemikhomo, futhi abantu bendawo bafundiswa ukuhlonipha ngisho nokwesaba lezi zinyoni.
Le nhlobo eyivelakancane neyakhiwe endaweni ifakwa kuhlu njengengasengozini, ngoba kulinganiselwa ukuthi inesibalo esincane sabantu ebangeni elibanzi lokusatshalaliswa. I-Bangweul Wetland Management Board isebenzisa uhlelo lokonga. ENingizimu Sudan, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuqonda kangcono izinhlobo zezilwane nokwenza ngcono isimo sezindawo ezivikelwe.
I-Kitoglav kuletha imali kwezokuvakasha. Abahambi abaningi baya e-Afrika emfuleni olwandle ukuze bayobuka izilwane zasendle. Izindawo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zakhiwa njengezindawo zokuzalela imikhomo eSouth Sudan, e-Uganda, eTanzania naseZambia. EBangweulu Wetlands, abadobi bendawo baqashwa njengabaqaphi ukuvikela izidleke, ukuqwashisa ngendawo nempumelelo yokuzalanisa.
Imininingwane
I-Whalebird, I-Royal Heron noma i-Royal Whale - inyoni evela ku-Ciconiiformes, okuwukuphela kommeleli womndeni wama-cetaceans. Kuyinto engapheli e-Afrika, lapho ihlala khona ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ezishisayo ezisenkabeni nasempumalanga yezwekazi. Le nyoni eyivelakancane futhi ecishe ingaziwa ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu. UKitoglav uthathwa njengesihlobo sezingwamza namakhala, yize izifundo zakamuva zofuzo zinikeza isizathu sokumbheka njengesihlobo se-pelicans. Izingxabano eziphathelene nokuhlangana kwayo okuhleliwe kuholele ekutheni imikhomo ibhekwe “njengesixhumanisi esilahlekile” sobudlelwane be-phylogenetic phakathi kweCiconiiformes neFusilliformes (Pelicaniformes).
Uma ubheka le nyoni, ishaya okuthile okuvela ngaphambili, kubukeka sengathi kungudayinosaji ophilayo, hhayi owomhlophe. Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho ekubukekeni komkhomo whale ikhanda elikhulu. Emkhombeni we-whale, mkhulu kakhulu kangangokuba ububanzi bawo bucishe bulingane nobubanzi bomzimba - ngoba izinyoni ezinjalo zomzimba azinalo uphawu. Kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi umkhomo uthole igama lawo. Ukufanisa ikhanda nomlomo - kubanzi kakhulu, kufana nebhakede, ngakho-ke igama lesiNgisi lale nyoni lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "isicucu sezicubu". Kepha ngenxa yalesi “isicucu”, umkhomo ungabhekwa njengomunye wabadobi abanamakhono kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni. Imfihlo yekhono lakhe lilelokulinda isinambuzane ngesineke futhi singanyakazi, okuthi ngokwezinga elikhulu lingahlanganisi nezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile kepha ngamaphrotopter (inhlanzi emangalisa ukuphefumula ephindwe kabili enazo zombili namaphaphu, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyithola isemhlabeni kunasemanzini). Futhi ukuze uqedele isithombe, ichopho lobebe lihlotshiswe ngokhuni olugobile. Intamo yomkhomo mude futhi kubonakala kumangalisa ukuthi ingamelana kanjani nesisindo sekhanda. Imilenze yinde futhi incane, umsila umfushane. Amakhala awekho, ulimi lufushane, isisu semisipha mncane, futhi i-glandular inkulu kakhulu. Imibala yomkhomo impunga ngesizotha, umlomo ophuzi ungamamasentimitha angama-23 ubude namasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi. Abesilisa nabesifazane abahlukile ngaphandle.
Ikhanda lomkhomo litholakala kuphela eZaire, Kenya, Uganda, Congo, Tanzania, Zambia, Botswana kanye naseNingizimu yeSudan. Lapha uhlala osebeni olugudle iNayile kanye nasezigungwini zaseZairian ezikhula ngamapulangwe. Izazi zesifo sezinsimbi zomzimba zibona ukuthi uhla lokuzalela umkhomo luhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokusabalala kwesitshalo se-papyrus nezinhlanzi ezi-bipedal. I-Kitoglava izinyoni ezihlala phansi nezingahlangani. Impilo yabo yonke bahlala kwisiza esisodwa, bahlala bodwa noma ngababili, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukubona izinyoni eziningana ndawonye. Ama-whaleheads andiza njengemichilo, edonsa izintamo zawo. Imvamisa zenza izindiza ezimfishane ngaphezulu kwamachibi ezindaweni eziphansi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukukhuphuka phezulu esibhakabhakeni bese zandizela isikhathi eside ngamaphiko amile. Indiza inomusa omuhle kakhulu, amaphiko amakhulu asendlini enomlomo omkhulu okhombe phezulu enza ukundiza futhi ikakhulukazi ukufika komkhomo kufana nokundiza kwendiza. IKitoglava ingenza izinhlobo ezimbili zemisindo: iqhuma ngemilomo yayo (njengezinhlwathi) noma ikhale kakhulu. Ebungozini, ziyagxuma. Imichilo, icela ukudla, yenza imisindo efana ne "hiccups" yabantu. Kepha imvamisa bahlala bathula. Intukuthelo yabo izolile hhayi embi. Ngenxa yobukhulu boqhwaku, inyoni iyibeka esifubeni ngenkathi iphumula.
Amakhanda ama-whale adla izilwane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini neziseduze namanzi. Imvamisa zihlala zingashukumi zibuke inyamazane enjengeminqumo, kwesinye isikhathi ziluka udaka lapho zifuna ukudla bese zilinda inhlanzi ukuba isondele ebusweni bamanzi. Ukubekezelela kwe-heron yasebukhosini kubonakala kungenamkhawulo. I-Catfish, i-tilapias, amasele, izinyoka zamanzi, ama-polypterus, ama-amphibians, izinduku, ama-mollusks kanye nezimfudu ezincane ziyabanjwa. Kepha ngenxa yomlomo obanzi, zinganqoba futhi inyamazane enkulu ngokwengeziwe - iwundlu lengwenya, ngokwesibonelo, noma ibhungane lomqaphi weNayile. Isisulu esibunjiweyo sigwinyiwe siphelele. Umkhomo whale whale uqhwaku lwawo njengenethi, ngalo ubopha izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane kanye namanzi. Kepha akuhlali njalo ukuthi inyamazane ngokushesha ngemuva kokubanjwa ithunyelwa esiswini. Okokuqala, umkhomo whale uzosula ngohlaza olwedlulele. Inhlanzi ebanjiwe, inyoni inquma ekhanda ngemiphetho ebukhali yoqhwaku lwayo futhi igwinye inyamazane. Imvelo yaqinisekisa ukuthi le nyoni izizwa ikhululekile kakhulu kwizibhukuda. Ukuze enze lokhu, wabavuza ngemikhono emide, emincane ngeminwe yayahlukaniswa. Indawo eyandayo yokuxhumana enenhlabathi ethambile ivimbela inyoni ukuba iwele. Uhamba kalula emhlabathini onjalo futhi ukwazi ukuma amahora amaningi endaweni eyodwa ngaphandle kokugwazela emhlabathini onamatshe.
Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, esivame ukuqala ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yemvula (Mashi-Julayi-July), amakhanda omnkantsha ahlela imidanso yokuguga. Ngalesi sikhathi, abalingani babingelelana ngokunikina ikhanda, ukuqhwalwa komlomo kanye nokukhala. Ngemuva kwalokho kuqala ukwakhiwa kwesidleke esikhulu. Ifana neplatifomu enkulu enesisekelo samamitha ayi-2,5 ububanzi, efihlwe emathangeni aminyene. AmaKitoglavs ayizinyoni ezikhulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, akha ama-pairs anaphakade nomlingani oyedwa. Izindlovu zitholakala emhlabathini ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kuzo izitha ezidla izitha zomhlaba - eziqhingini nasezindawini ezinamameleni. Isisekelo sesidleke senziwa ngamapungunga nasemahlanga, kanti ugqoko luboshwe ngotshani obomile. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-1-3, kepha esikhathini esiningi kuphela iphupho elilodwa lisinda lize likhule ngenxa yokudla noma ukuswela ukudla. Bobabili abazali bazishisa isikhathi esingangenyanga. Uma kushisa kakhulu, khona-ke izinyoni ziqala "ukugeza" amaqanda - zinisele ngamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela zilondoloze izinga lokushisa elifanele esidlekeni. Nazo zenza inqubo efanayo nethanga eliboshwe, futhi inyoni isebenzisa uqhwaku lwayo njengesikhwanyana.
Amakati avela embozwe ku-fluff obukhulu. Isikhathi sokuqala abasichitha esidlekeni, abazali babondla nge-burp kusuka ku-goiter. Ngemuva kwenyanga, umkhomo osemusha uqala ukugwinya izingcezu ezinkulu zokudla. Usayizi wokugcina woqhwaku ulutholwa eneminyaka engu-43 yezinsuku. Inkukhu ihlala nabazali bayo izinyanga ezimbili, emva kwalokho iqale ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zokuzimela, ngezikhathi ezithile ezingekho esidlekeni. Futhi lapho eneminyaka eyi-4 kuphela ubudala ezimele ngokuphelele futhi ushiya indlu kayise. Amakati akhula kancane: akhuphukela ephikweni emva kwezinyanga ezi-3, futhi avuthwe ngocansi ngeminyaka emithathu kuphela. Amakhanda we-whale amasha ahlukile kubantu abadala ngombala onsundu. Ukuthola ingxenye yabo yokudla, kwanele ukuthi amachwane uthephe emilenzeni noma uqhwaku lomunye wabazali. Umjikelezo wokuzala kusuka ekwakhiweni kwesidleke kuya emapulini amachwane kuthatha isikhathi sezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa.
UKitoglav uyondla phakathi nosuku. Imvamisa, inyoni enezinyawo ezinomkhomo ingabonakala entathakusa, ihamba ezintanjeni zikakhokho ezikhula ngaphezulu kwesixhaphozi. Iminwe ebekwe kude iyamsiza ukuba alondoloze ibhalansi futhi angaminza, kwesinye isikhathi ungena emanzini ajulile kangangokuba amanzi ahlanze isisu sakhe. Lapho ibona enye inyamazane, umhlaseli wayo uphenya amaphiko ayo masinyane, uziphonse emanzini, ayikhahlele ngochuku lwayo olubukhali, angashiyi thuba lokusindiswa. Ngalezo zikhathi ezinjalo, inyoni enkulu endizayo enamaphiko angaba ngamamitha amabili kungumbono ongalibaleki. Ukuze zingabambeki emathangeni aminyene wezimila zezixhaphozi, amakhanda omkhomo azama ukuhlala eduze nezindawo eziqoqwa izindlovu nemvubu. Kanye nemisele enjalo yokufakelwa engena emachibini, kuqoqwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlanzi.
Naphezu kokubukeka okwesabekayo, amakhanda we-whale atholwe kahle futhi ekudingisweni ahlala kahle nabantu. Ama-Aviaries analezi zinyoni ezingajwayelekile aheha izivakashi eziningi. Kuliqiniso, awukwazi ukubabona kunoma iyiphi i-zoo. Emvelweni, futhi akuvamile kakhulu. Inani eliphelele lama-whaleheads ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-8, futhi leli nani lehlile ngokushesha ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kanye nokuzingela, ngoba ama-whaleheads anebanga elilinganiselwe futhi avumelaniswa nokuphila kuphela ezimeni ezithile. Umdobi we-whalef usenesikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engama-36 endle neminyaka engama-35,7 ekudingisweni.
Umzingeli we-whale unomunye umehluko ovela kwezinye izinyoni eziningi - zibona zonke izinto njengesiqhubu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuthi kwenzeke ngokubakhona kwamehlo ngaphambili kwesigebhe, hhayi ezinhlangothini. Amehlo ale nyoni ayagqamile - makhulu kakhulu futhi aphuzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-heron yasebukhosini ingama inganyakazi isikhathi eside ukwedlula ezinye izinyoni eziningi, lapho bezithande bezithombe. By the way, ngenxa yalesi sici, ipuleti lemininingwane yabavakashi lifakwe eWalsrode bird park (Germany) ngokusho ngekhanda lomnenga: er bewegt sich doch (usaqhubeka). Izinhlobo ze-Kitoglavy ezifiseleka kakhulu kwizilwane zomhlaba zasekhaya. Izindleko zabo ezingama- $ 10,000-20,000 zizenza izinyoni ezibiza kakhulu. Lokhu, maye, kugqugquzela abantu bomdabu base-Afrika ukuthi babambe futhi bathengise imikhomo ezindaweni lapho izinhlobo zemvelo zisakazekela khona, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe inani lezilwane zasendle. IKitoglav, inyoni edumile ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kulolu hlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi kuboniswa ngohlobo lwemali lwamanye amazwe aleli lizwe (iSudan, Rwanda).
Ukuvela komkhomo
I-whalebird iyinyoni enkulu, ubude bayo bomzimba ingamamitha ayi-1-1,2, isisindo somzimba ingamakhilogremu ayi-7-15, amaphiko akhe ngamamitha ayi-2-3. Umehluko omkhulu ovela emndenini weCiconiiformes ubukhona bekhanda elisindayo noqhwaku olukhulu oluneshisi. Kwesinye isikhathi ikhanda libanzi kunomzimba wenyoni, nakho okumangazayo kakhulu futhi akunangqondo phakathi kwezinyoni ezikule planethi namuhla. Naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu kangako, umkhomo unentamo nemilenze emincane kakhulu, kanti nomsila umfushane, ufana ne-duck. Umbala awudalulwa futhi awunazimpawu ezihlukanisayo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Amehlo abekwe phambi kwekhanda, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone izinto ziyisiqholo.
Ahlala kuphi amakhanda omkhomo?
Ama-whaleheads ahlala endaweni encane kakhulu: ISouth Sudan neZaire. Azitholakali kwenye indawo. Izindawo abazithandayo zingamabhishi ngasogwini lweNayile. Bahlala bahlala, bahlala impilo yabo yonke kusayithi elilodwa. Abazihlanganisi, bazama ukuhlala bodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ngababili, kepha lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kuyisici esiyingqayizivele sesikhathi sokuzalela.
Indlela yokundiza ye-whale-eye ifana neye-heron. Zikhuphuka ngokuzithoba ziphakeme kakhulu futhi zindizela emaphikweni asakazekile. Kepha angandiza aphansi kakhulu, afune ukudla.
Whale
AmaKitoglavs athule kakhulu hhayi izinyoni ezimbi. Bakhipha umsindo wokuqhafaza ngemilomo yabo noma ngokukhamuluka kokuhlaba umkhosi. Kepha - kakhulu, kuyaqabukela.
UKitoglav undiza ngendiza e-zoo
Zidlani amakhanda omkhomo?
Okokudla kwakusihlwa, lezi zinyoni zithanda izilwane eziseduze-namanzi nezasemanzini. Zingaqhaqhaza ngokulindela “ukudla” okumangazayo amahora amaningi, njengama-heron ethu, abukela izinhlanzi namasele. Kepha ugongolo olubanzi lomkhomo we-whalehead likuvumela ukuba "ulume" esidalweni esiphilayo esikhudlwana: bangaginya kalula ikonyana eliyingwenya. Ngaphezu kwalokho - ngokuphelele.
IKitoglav iqoqa izinto zokwakha isidleke
Ukuzalela umkhomo
Ama-Kitoglavs adala ibhangqa impilo yonke. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuzalela asidluli ngokushesha njengasezinyoni zesithembu. Ozakwethu bamane babingelelane ngezihloko nangokuchofoza komlomo. Zonke lezi zenzo zenzeka ngoMashi, lapho kungashisi kangako.
Zinezidleke zazo emhlabathini, phakathi kokubhukuda okungangeneki. Lokhu kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuzivikela kubantu abahlukumeza umhlaba. Izinto zokwakha zingamaqabunga e-papyrus namahlumela amancane.
Kitoglava bangabazali abakhulu. Bayashintshana, phakathi nenyanga, babambe amachwane ama-1-3. Ngemuva kwenyanga bayondliwa. AmaChickers ahlala cishe iminyaka emithathu nabazali bawo. Kungaleso sikhathi esingakanani esizodlula bengakakhuli ngokocansi. Amakhanda emikhomo emincane ahlukahluka kubazali bawo ngamapulangwe ansundu.
I-Kitoglav esidlekeni
Ukubukeka okwesabekayo kwale nyoni kuwukuphikisana ngqo nesimo sayo. Ekuthunjweni, bashesha ukujwayela abantu futhi bangakwazi ukuhlangana nezinye izilwane. AmaKitoglav ahlakaniphile ngokwanele, amqonda kahle umuntu. Kuqabukela ubabona kuma-zoo. Iphutha indawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe, izimo ezithile zokuphila kanye nekhono elibi lokuzala kabusha ezimeni ezingezona ezemvelo.
Ikati lowesifazane owesilisa nowesifazane ugeza e-Prague Zoo
Yebo, le nyoni ibukeka njengesilwane sasendulo kusukela esikhathini esiseduze kwama-dinosaurs. Uyazi ukuthi ziningi izinganekwane ezingenasisekelo ngama-dinosaurs? Ufuna ukwazi okuningi? Bese kuwe lapha!
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Incazelo Nezici
Inyoni engafundanga ngaphansi e-East Africa. Izazi zesayensi yokuqaqambisa kwamazinyo zikufakazele ubuhlobo bakhe ne-pelicans, ngaphezu kwalokho umsuka ukhombisa ukukuhlobanisa nezinyoni eziningi ze-ankle: izingwamza, imichilo, umhlanga. Umndeni we-whalehead ufaka ummeleli oyedwa - i-heron yasebukhosini, njengoba ibizwa ngenye indlela inyoni yomkhomo.
Ubukhulu besakhamuzi sase-Afrika buyahlaba umxhwele: ukuphakama cishe ku-1,2-1,5 m, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-1,4 m, umuntu ngamunye unesisindo esingu-9-15 kg, ububanzi bamaphiko ngendlela efakiwe bungamamitha ayi-2.3. Inhloko enkulu nomlomo omkhulu, ofana nebhakede. azihambelani ngokuphelele ngosayizi womzimba - ngobubanzi zicishe zifane. Kwezinye izinyoni lokhu kudideka kwe-anatomical akuyona uphawu.
Uqhwaku olumangalisayo, osayizi yalo lufika ku-23 cm ubude nangu-10 cm ububanzi, lwaluqhathaniswa nesicathu sokhuni, inhloko yomkhomo - amagama ezinyoni abonisa lesi sici. Uqhwaku luhlotshiswe ngesihibe sesimfanelo esikhumbeni, lusiza ukubhekana nokuxhwila.
Intamo ende ibambe ikhanda elikhulu, kepha ekuphumuleni, uqhwaku luthola ukusekelwa esifubeni senyoni ukudambisa ukuqina kwemisipha yesibeletho. Amehlo aphuzi e-heron yasebukhosini, ngokungafani nezihlobo, atholakala ngaphambili, hhayi ezinhlangothini zogebhezi, ngakho-ke umbono udlulisa isithombe somhlaba esintathu. Ukugqolozela kwamehlo ayindilinga kukhanya ukuthula nokuzethemba.
Akunakwenzeka ukwahlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane whalehound ngokubukeka. Bonke abantu bampunga, kuphela uqhwaku uluphuzi lwesihlabathi. I-Powder fluff ingabonakala emhlane wezinyoni, njengamakhambi ahlobene.
Umzimba omkhulu onomsila omfushane, inyoni igcina inhloko enkulu emilenzeni emide nemincane. Ukuhamba endaweni enamakhaza, ukuzinza kwenyoni kunikezwa yi-paws ngeminwe ehlukanisiwe. Ngenxa yokusekelwa kwayo okuningi enhlabathini ethambile, umkhomo awangeni ku-quagmire.
Isici senyoni yikhono lokuma isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunyakaza. Ngalesi sikhathi futhi uthola whale esithombenisengathi kuthunyelwa ngamabomu. Kwelinye lamapaki eYurophu, inothi lalibhalwe ngamahlaya kupuleti wolwazi lwe-whalehead: yayisahamba.
Lapho indiza, izinyoni zibuyisela intamo yazo njengamakhambi, zihamba kahle, zihamba isikhathi eside ngaphezulu kwezixhaphozi zokubhukuda, kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihamba ngama hops amafushane. Ukuhamba ngemikhomo kwendiza ngamaphiko asakazekile kufana nokude nendiza endiza.
King Whale - inyoni yenkulumo encane, kodwa ekwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo ehlukahlukene:
ukuphahlazeka njengezihlobo ezinjengezingulube ngomlomo ukuze kudluliselwe imininingwane ezihlotsheni,
ukumemeza ngokubhoboza okuthile
Ukuxhuma engozini
"Hiccup" lapho udinga ukucela ukudla.
Ku-zoo, izinyoni ezimangalisayo zaziswa kakhulu, kepha ukuthola nokugcina umkhomo kunzima ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:
- i-feed ethile ephakathi
- ubunzima bokubeletha abathunjiwe,
- indawo ekhawulelwe indawo.
Izindleko zabantu ngamunye ziphakeme. Ekuphokopheleni inzuzo yokuzingela, abantu bomdabu base-East Africa bayabamba, bathengise amakhanda, futhi banciphise inani labantu abasendle, okuyizinkulungwane ezingama-5-8 kuphela ezihlukile. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ezingajwayelekile iyancipha, izidleke zivame ukucekelwa phansi.
Namuhla umkhomo whale - inyoni engavamile, ukuphepha okubangela ukungakhathaleli kuphela phakathi kwama-ornithologists, kodwa futhi nabathandi bemvelo abahlukahlukene.
Ebukhosini i-heron, umkhomo, kubhekiswa ku-oda Ciconiiformes. Emndenini wemikhomo, lo nguyena kuphela omele.
Yathola inyoni engavamile ngo-1849, ngonyaka olandelayo, umkhomo wachazwa ngososayensi. Umhlaba wafunda ngesimangaliso esineminwe encwadini yomlindi wezinyoni waseSweden uB Bengt Berg ngokuvakashela eSudan. Kuze kube namuhla, umkhomo usalokhu uyizinhlobo ezifundwe kabi uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinyoni.
Ucwaningo lofuzo lufakazela ubudlelwano phakathi kwezakhamizi zase-Afrika ezinamakhanda nezinduna, yize ngokwesiko kuthiwa zihlobene nezihlobo zamakhaza nezingwamza. Izimpikiswano eziningi mayelana nendawo yomzingeli we-whale esigabeni sezinyoni ziholele ekwahlulelweni kwesayensi mayelana nayo njengokuxhumanisa okungekho phakathi kweCopepods neCiconiiformes.
Umbuzo we- “shoe boot”, njengoba iBrithani yayibiza kanjalo, usesimweni sokutadisha.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Uhla lokufuya i-whale lusezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo enkabeni nasempumalanga ye-Afrika. Njengoba ingumbungu, inyoni ihlala osebeni lomfula iNayile, izindawo zamanzi zaseZaire, eCongo, eTanzania, naseZambia, e-Uganda, eKenya, eSouth Sudan iye entshonalanga neTopiya. Kulezi zindawo, ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinyoni kutholakala - inhlanzi ephefumula kabili, noma ama-protopter.
Ukuhlala nokuntuleka kwesimo kuyimpawu yezidalwa ezingenakulimaza nezithulile. Umlando wonke wezinyoni uhlotshaniswa nezikhukhamba zamaphaphu kanye nezibhalo.
Abantu basakazekile, abaqabulekile. Izinyoni eziningi zibonwa eSouth Sudan. Izindawo ezithandekayo zomzingeli we-whale zingamahlathini omhlanga kule marshland, futhi izilwane ezinemibala zigwema izikhala ezivulekile.
Izinyoni zivame ukuhlala zodwa, zivame kakhulu ngababili ngesikhathi sokuzalela, azikaze zihlukaniswe. Ukubona amakhanda amaningi omkhomo bendawonye kuyinto eyivelakancane. Isidalwa esimangalisayo singenantambo, asifuni ukuxhumana nabantu besizwe esikanye nabo.
Imvelo yasendulo kuphela edonsa abantu basondele ndawonye. Izinyoni zichitha impilo yazo emahlathini aminyene amaswidi, zizivikela kubantu abangabazi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukugqekezwa okwenziwe ngumlomo kukhombisa indawo ehlala khona ongaqondakaliyo wethropiki.
Kwaphela amahora amaningi, ukuncipha ngomlomo ogxishiwe kwenza inyoni ingabonakali phakathi komhlanga nethanga. Ungaya eduze kwayo, umkhomo whale ngeke uze unyakaze, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni ngeke zindize phezulu.
Umkhomo whale wasebukhosini awuvamile ukuphuma. Ukundiza ngamaphiko amakhulu wokusakaza muhle kakhulu. Uqhwaku lwenyoni licindezelwe esifubeni, aluphazamisi ukunyakaza. Lapho zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zindiza ziphansi.
Ukhuphuka, njengokhozi, amakhanda omkhomo asebenzisa imisinga yomoya, musa ukuchitha amandla egezi.
Ama-Royal herons akhetha iziqhingi zemifino ezindaweni zokubona, kodwa ahamba ngesikebhe ngezikhathi ezithile ezenzeka. Izinyoni zingangena esigangeni ziye emgqeni wesisu.
Amakhanda we-whale abukeka esabisa kuphela, kepha wona uqobo, njengama-heron ajwayelekile, ahlaselwa izitha zemvelo. Ngaphezu izinsongo zabazingeli abanezinwele (i-falcon, hawk), izingwenya zibeka ingozi enkulu kubo.
Ama-alligator ase-Afrika ahlala emithambekeni ngobuningi. Amachwane we-Whalehead nokubekwa kweqanda kusongelwa ngokuhlaselwa yi-marten.
Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ezingavamile, ngokuba ziphephile, zijwayela umuntu ngokushesha, ziyethemba. Izakhamizi zinokuthula, zihlangana nezinye izilwane.
