Ihlathi kungenye yezindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, izinyoni eziningi zitholakala ehlathini. Lapho, izinyoni zithola ukudla kwazo, zakha izidleke zazo, zibeke amaqanda azo bese zichamusela amaphuphu azo. Amagatsha awugqinsi wezitshalo ezinamahlahla afihla izinyoni ngokwethukile izitha futhi azivikele ezimweni zezulu eziphikisayo.
Impilo yenkukhu eningi, izinyoni zasemini ezidla inyama, izikhova, cishe wonke ama-woodpeckers kanye nama-passerine amaningi ahambisana nehlathi. Zonke lezi zinyoni zinamaphiko amafushane, abanzi nomsila omude, ozivumela ukuba zikwazi ukuhamba kalula phakathi kweziqu zezihlahla, zisuka ngokushesha, zehlise ijubane futhi zihlale phansi.
Inyoni ngayinye yasehlathini nayo inezici ezivumela ukuba ivumelane nezimo ezingcono kakhulu empilweni yehlathi.
Amaqembu endawo yezinyoni
Ama-Ornithologists ahlukanisa amaqembu ama-4, okubopha kwawo ama-biotopes athile kubonakaliswa ikakhulu ekubukekeni. Izinyoni ezihlala ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi (kufaka phakathi amawa) zifakwe imilenze emide nentamo, eyenza lula ukufuna ukudla enhlabathini ebonakalayo.
Izinyoni zezindawo ezivulekile zezindiza zivame ukundiza ezindizeni ezinde, ngakho-ke ziphathiswe ngamaphiko aqinile, kepha isibazi esingasindi. I-Waterfowl idinga ithuluzi elinamandla lokubamba izinhlanzi, zona eziba ngumlomo omkhulu oqinile. Izinyoni zasehlathini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezinomusa, zivame ukuncishwa intamo, zinekhanda elincane elinamehlo atholakale ezinhlangothini zawo, nasemilenzeni amafushane.
Amaqembu emvelo wezinyoni ngohlobo lokudla
Futhi lapha izinyoni zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-4: ngalinye aligcini nezinto zalo ezithandwayo kuphela, kodwa futhi namathuluzi akhethekile, kanye nezindlela zokuzingela ngobuqili. Ngendlela, izinyoni zehlathi ziwela ngaphansi kwazo zonke izigaba ezaziwayo:
- i-safetivores (ngokwesibonelo, ama-tiles noma ama-pikas) - inomlomo omncane okhombe ngokungena ungene kumasango amancanyana udonsa izinambuzane emaqabungeni,
- i-herbivorous / granivorous (njengeSchur) - ihlome ngomlomo oqinile ongadabula igobolondo eliminyene,
- inyamazane (ngokwesibonelo, ukhozi) - imilenze yabo eqinile enezandla ezinamandla noqhwolololi obunjiwe njengogobolondo ziyaguqulwa ukuze zibambe umdlalo omncane,
- ama-omnivores (anjenge-magpie) - athole ubuhlalu obumise okwenziwe ngozalo kusukela ekuzalweni, avumelaniswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla.
Ukuze ungawi emagatsheni lapho ufuna ukudla, izinyoni zasehlathini ezingavikeleki (ama-tito, amakhosi, ama-pikas, ama-warblers nabanye) zisebenzisa iminwe emide enemikhono ebukhali. Izinyoni ezidla okusanhlamvu (i-shchur, i-greenfinch, isihlahla se-oki nezinye) zquma ngisho nezithelo eziqinile zenyoni ne-cherry, bese kuthi iziqobelo ezinamaphethelo abukhali woqhwaku lomlomo wekhompiyutha zikhiphe imbewu ngobuhlakani ezinhlotsheni zikaphayini nakwa-spruce.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ngaphandle kukhona abazingela izinambuzane zomoya, ukugwinya kanye nokushwibeka ngomlomo omncane onesizotha. Kepha banqunywe umlomo omkhulu (omakhonya abo adlula amehlo), lapho "edonsa" izindunduma ezindizayo.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile futhi zihlanganisa izinyoni zasehlathini ezidla inyama (izikhova, izimbungulu, ama-shtrike nabanye) - lokhu kungumbono omuhle kakhulu, ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhono lokungena ehlathini kaningi.
Ukwahlukaniswa ngokwemvelo yokufuduka
Ngokuya ngokuba khona / ukungabi bikho kohambo kanye nobubanzi bawo, izinyoni zehlathi zihlukaniswe ngokuzinza, ukuzulazula nokufuduka. Futhi, konke ukufuduka kuvame ukuhlukaniswa kube izindiza (ekwindla nasentwasahlobo), kanye nokufuduka (ekwindla-ebusika kanye nange-nest-nesting). Izinyoni ezifanayo zingaba ezifudukayo noma zixazululwe, ezinqunywa yizimo zokuhlala kwazo endaweni.
Izinyoni ziphoqeleka ukuba zishaye umgwaqo nge:
- ukuphathwa kabi kwesisekelo sokuphakelayo,
- ancishiswe amahora wemini,
- kwehlisa izinga lokushisa komoya.
Isikhathi sokufuduka kwesinye isikhathi sinqunywa kubude bendlela. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zibuye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuthi zikhethe izindawo zobusika ezikude zokuzijabulisa.
Kuyathakazelisa. Akuzona zonke izinyoni zamahlathi ezifudukayo ngokundiza. I-Blue grouse inqoba amabanga amade ... ngezinyawo. Indlela efanayo isebenzisa i-emu ehamba ngamashumi amakhilomitha lapho ifuna amanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso.
Ukuhanjiswa kwesizini kwenzeka kumabanga amade namfushane. Ngenxa yokufuduka kwesizini, izinyoni zasehlathini zidla izindwani ezindaweni ezingakulungele ukuthuthukiswa ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka.
Izinyoni zehlathi ezifudukayo
Emahlathini ezwe lethu, izinyoni ezifudukayo zihamba phambili, zisiya eningizimu zodwa (amakhukhamba, izidla zasemini nabanye), ziqoqene noma zimhlambi omkhulu. Ama-Orioles, ama-swift, udali kanye nokugwinya kungokwokuqala ukundiza ngokweqile, futhi sekuvele ngaphambi kwamakhaza - amadada, ama-goose and swans.
Ama-Flocks andiza ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene: ama-passerines - angaphakeme ngamamitha amamitha ngejubane elifika ku-30 km / h, likhulu - endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-1 km, lishesha liye ku-80 km / h. Ukulandela eningizimu nokubuyela emuva ezindlini, izinyoni ezifudukayo zinamathela ezindleleni zokufuduka, zibuthana ezindaweni ezinhle zezemvelo. Indiza iqukethe izingxenye eziningi, ezifakwe phakathi kokuphumula kwesikhashana, lapho abahambi bethola amandla futhi bondle.
Kuyathakazelisa. Encane inyoni, ifushane ibanga elingayinqoba ngaphandle kokuma nabangane: Izinhlobo ezincane zindiza ngaphandle kokuphumula cishe amahora angama-70-90, ukumboza ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayinkulungwane.
Indlela yendiza yomhlambi kanye nenyoni ngayinye ingahlukahluka kuye ngesizini. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zingena emihlambini yezinyoni eziyi-12-20, ezifana nomphetho obunjwe nge-V: ukufana okufanayo kuyasiza ukunciphisa izindleko zabo zamandla. Izinhlobo ezifudukayo zama-coceko asezindaweni ezishisayo nazo ziyaqashelwa, ngokwesibonelo, ikhukhamba elincane elihlala e-Afrika kodwa lizalela kuphela eNdiya.
Izinyoni zehlathi laseSedentary
Lokhu kufaka phakathi labo abangathambekele ekufudukeni amabanga amade futhi bebesebenzisa ubusika ezindaweni zabo zomdabu - izibungu, imikhova, isikhova, umtshana, amajezi, amajuba ompunga, ondlunkulu, ohlobo lwezinkuni nabanye. Izidleke eziningi edolobheni noma ezizungezile, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezitha zemvelo eziyingozi kanye nenani elanele lokuphakelayo olutholakalayo. Izinyoni ezihleliwe ziqhubekela kumakhaza asondele ezakhiweni zokuhlala ukuze zithole ithuba lokuhudula ngodoti wokudla. Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo, iningi lazo lihlala phansi.
Ezinye izinyoni zehlathi
Umsedari
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Klest-elovik
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I-kite ebomvu
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I-Blue Tit
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EMoscow
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I-flycatcher ethosiwe
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I-Redstart ejwayelekile
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I-Zaryanka ejwayelekile
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I-pika ejwayelekile
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Jay ojwayelekile
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Thepha umdanso
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I-buzzard ejwayelekile
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I-Common Wren
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Ubhungane ojwayelekile
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Nuthatch ezejwayelekile
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I-waxwing ejwayelekile
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Bullfinch
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Ukulinganisa
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I-Wand-bellies ekhanyayo
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Gogo
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I-Owl Ejwayelekile
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Ingadi Warbler
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Iminti enamakhanda amnyama
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USiskin
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Reel
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Sparrowhawk
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IGoshawk
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IDubonos
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I-Blue grouse
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U-Oriole
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Qeda
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Zaryanka
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Magpie
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I-Cuckoo
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Igwababa elijwayelekile
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Izinyoni zehlathi ezizulazulayo
Izinyoni ezibizwa kanjalo ezihamba zifuna amalungiselelo asuka ezindaweni ziya kwenye ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela. Ukuzulazula okunjalo, ngenxa yesimo sezulu kanye nokutholakala kokudla, akunayo imvelo yokujikeleza, yingakho kungabhekwa njengokufuduka (yize kungamakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha embozwe yizinyoni ezizulazulayo ekugcineni kokudlekwa).
Ama-Ornithologists futhi akhuluma ngokufuduka okufushane, okuhlukanise kuzo zombili ukufuduka isikhathi eside nokuzulazula. Leli fomu eliphakathi nendawo, yize liphawuleka ukwenzeka njalo, linqunyelwe ngaleso sikhathi ukufuna kokuhlinzekelwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Izinyoni zenqaba ukufuduka okufushane uma ubusika bufudumele futhi kunokudla okuningi ehlathini.
Emkhakheni wezwe lethu, izinyoni zamahlathi okungajwayelekile zifaka:
Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi emkhakheni oseningizimu yobubanzi bawo, iqhude elingwevu kanye ne-rook (ngokwesibonelo) lizophila impilo yokuhlala kepha lizulazula enyakatho. Izinyoni eziningi ezishisayo zindiza lapho kuqala inkathi yemvelo enkulu. Ummeli womndeni weKingfisher weSenegalese Alcyone ufudukela eikhweyini ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ukunyakaza okuphezulu kwesizini okwenyukayo nokufuduka isikhathi eside kuyimpawu yezinyoni zehlathi ezihlala eHimalaya nase-Andes.
Isiphetho
Njengoba cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinhlobo zezinyoni zitholakala emahlathini, ukugawulwa kwemithi kuyinkinga enkulu yezinyoni. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo ngeke zisinde ngaphandle kwamahlathi futhi zingandiza phakathi kwamahlathi asele. Ukugawulwa kwemithi kuqhutshwa yisidingo somhlaba wonke sokhuni, iphepha nomhlaba lapho kutshalwa khona izilimo zemali nama-biofuel.
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Izinyoni emahlathini zihlushwa izilwane zasendle ezihlaselayo - amakati. Imililo yasehlathini ehlobo icekela phansi izingosi zezidleke nezinzalo zezinyoni zamahlathi ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta nenani lezinhlobo zamahlathi. Amahlathi kungenzeka abole kusuka emvuleni noma ngomile ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama.
Izinyoni Zasehlathini zase-Australia
Esiqhingini esikhulu naseduze komakhelwane, kanye nesiqhingi saseTasmania, kunezinhlobo ezingama-655, iningi lazo eziqashelwa njengeziyingozi (ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo). I-Endemism, ephawulwa ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zezilwane, genera, nemindeni engaphansi, ayivamile kakhulu emindenini - izinyoni ze-lyre, abazulazula base-Australia, i-emus, nezinyoni zama shrub.
Ojwayelekile, noma ophethe isigqoko, ukhokho wesikhumba
Wanikezwa iziqu zenyoni enkulu kunazo zonke e-Australia kanye nenyoni yesibili enkulu (ngemuva kwezimpungushe) embulungeni yonke. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zama-cassowaries zithweswe umqhele "ngesigqoko sokuvikela", isiza esikhethekile esinyanyekayo, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ziphikisana ngezinhloso zaso: noma ngabe kuyimpawu yesibili yezocansi, isikhali esilwa nabanye abesilisa noma isixhobo sokukhipha amaqabunga.
Iqiniso. Ngokuphikisana nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele - ukukhula okungamamitha amabili nesisindo esingama-60 kg - i-cassowary ethwala isigqoko kubhekwa njengenyama ehlathini egcina imfihlo yase-Australia.
Emini, ulala esikebheni, ephuma ayokondla ekuphumeni / ekushoneni kwelanga futhi efuna amajikijolo, imbewu nezithelo. I-cassowary ejwayelekile ayizideleli izinhlanzi nezilwane zomhlaba. AmaCassowaries awandiza, kepha atholakala hhayi e-Australia kuphela, kodwa naseNew Guinea. Abesilisa besigaba bangobaba abayizibonelo: babopha amaqanda futhi bakhulisa amaphuphu.
Wedge Taag Eagle
Ubizwa ngokuthi umphangi wezilwane owaziwa kakhulu owezwekazi lase-Australia. Ngesibindi nangamandla, ukhozi olugqinsiwe alugungqi kunokhozi lwegolide, lukhetha hhayi kuphela izinhlobo ezincane zama-kangaroo, kodwa futhi namabhishi amakhulu njengexhoba. Ukhozi olungemuva komshado alwenqabi, futhi luvela ku-carrion. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa siphezulu kusuka emhlabathini, esihlahleni, sihlala iminyaka eminingi ilandelana. Isibalo sokhozi esidonsa ngemisipha sehla kakhulu, futhi abalimi base-Australia abalima imfuyo kufanele basolwe.
Inyoni enkulu ye-lyre
ILyrebird, ehlala izihlambi zemvula ezinomusa nezithokomele, ibonwa njengenyoni kazwelonke yase-Australia futhi igqamile phakathi kwabanye ngomsila wayo obukekayo wasemoyeni kanye nethalente lokucabanga okuhle. Ingoma yokuqhathanisa ye-lyrebird iyamangaza kunazo zonke - ihlala kuze kube amahora angama-4 futhi ifaka ukulingiswa kwamaphimbo ezinyoni afakwe amasignali ezimoto, isibhamu, ukukhonkotha kwenja, umculo, umsindo wenjini, i-alamu yomlilo, i-jackhammer nokuningi.
Inyoni enkulu ye-lyre ilala ezihlahleni, futhi idle emhlabathini, ikhipha udoti wehlathi ngama-paws alo ukuthola izibungu, iminenke, izinambuzane nezinye izinto ezincane ezidliwayo. Ama-lyrebird amaningi ahlala emapaki ezwe lonke lase-Australia, kufaka phakathi iDandenong neKinglake.
Izinyoni Zasehlathini ZaseNyakatho Melika
Isilo sezindiza saseNyakatho Melika, esinezinhlobo ezingama-600 nemiyalo engu-19, siphawuleka kakhulu kunaseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo ziyefana ne-Eurasian, ezinye zindiza zivela zivela eningizimu, futhi bambalwa kuphela abangabhekwa njengabomdabu.
Gigantic Hummingbird
Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke (amasentimitha angama-20 ubude nosisindo esingu-18- 20 g) omele umndeni we-hummingbird uhlobo lwendabuko yaseNingizimu Melika olukhetha ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2.1 kuye kwangama-4 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lezi zinyoni zasehlathini ziye zikhukhule amasimu asezindaweni zasemakhaya / izingadi ezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye namahlathi asezintabeni nasendaweni enomswakama ezindaweni ezishisayo / ezingaphansi komhlaba, futhi zitholakala ezihlahleni ezomile. I-hummingbird enkulu iyazivumelanisa nokuphila ezintabeni ngenxa yomshini we-thermoregulation - uma kunesidingo, inyoni yehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wayo.
I-Blue grouse
Kuthunyelwe umndeni we-pheasant wayozinza emahlathini eziNtabeni zaseRocky, lapho kukhula khona uphayini ophuzi noDouglas fir. Ngemuva kokuqeda isikhathi sokuzalela, i-grouse eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifudukela emahlathini ama-alpine coniffort akhiwe phezulu, cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-3,6 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukudla kwasehlobo kwe-grouse eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kucebile ngezimila ezahlukahlukene, njengoku:
- izimbali kanye ne-inflorescence,
- efihlekile kanye nembewu,
- amajikijolo kanye namaqabunga.
Ebusika, izinyoni ziyaphoqelelwa ukushintshela ezinhlafunweni zikaphayini, ikakhulukazi zikaphayini. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bageleza (njengawo wonke ama-grouse amnyama) futhi baguqule - faka ama-crests we-infraorbital, baqonde umsila kanye nezinsiba zezimpukane entanyeni, bethisa izintokazi ngemibala egqamile yensimbi.
Insikazi ibeka u-5-10 omhlophe kakhilimu, onebala elinsundu, amaqanda esidlekeni esilungiselelwe ngaphambili, okuwumgodi emhlabathini owembozwe ngotshani nezinaliti.
I-Collared Grouse
Enye inyoni yasehlathini eNyakatho Melika, ongowokuzalwa emndenini wakwa-grouse. Ukukwazi ukushaya "izingxenyana zezigubhu" kwaletha udumo kwigumbi elinekholaji, okokuqala kungazwakala kakade ngoFebhuwari - Mashi. Owesilisa oshayayo uvame ukundizela esiqwini esiwileyo futhi agqunywe yi-moss (engekude nomphetho wokuqothuka, umhlanga noma umgwaqo), ohlale embozwe ngezihlahla. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-hazel grouse iqala ukushesha ihle ibheke phezulu esiqwini ngomsila wayo osakazekile, iphakamise izimpaphe zekhola namaphiko phansi.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ngesinye isikhathi, iduna liyama bese liqonda ngqo ekuphakameni okugcwele, liqala ukushaya amaphiko alo ngokushesha futhi libukhali, ukuze le misindo ihlangane empini yesigubhu.
Uma usuqedile ukwenza lo msebenzi, inyoni iyahlala phansi izole, ukuze kuthi emva kwekhefu eliyimizuzu eyi-10, iphinde inombolo futhi. Ngemuva kokukhetha indawo, i-collar grouse ihlala ithembekile kuye iminyaka eminingi.
I-South America Forest birds
Lapha kuhlala izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezintathu, noma ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesine yezilwane zomhlaba ezinemibala. Lezi zinyoni zimelela imindeni engama-93, eminingi yayo ingama-oda, nemiyalo engama-23.
I-Cuckoos
ISouth America yayihlalwa ngezinhlobo ezingama-23 zamakhukhamba, futhi iningi lazo (ngokuqondile, abesifazane) ziyizidambisi zangempela zokudla. Ama-Ani noGuira cuckoos abonakala ngobuningi bawo - ayazakhela izidleke ngokwawo noma ahlala nabantu angabazi. I-phekoo pheasant enesibopho esikhulu kulokhu, yakha izidleke kanye nezinkulisa ngokwayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zithambekele ekubumbeni ndawonye - izimbhangqwana ezimbalwa zihlomisa isidleke esisodwa, lapho bonke abantu besifazane bebekela amaqanda abo. Ukubamba nokondla wonke amakhukhamba weqembu nawo.
Ama-cockoos aseNingizimu Melika ayizinyoni zasehlathini ikakhulukazi, akhetha izimbotshana nezihlahla eziminyene, yize ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, iMexico cactus cuckoo, zitholakala ogwadule lapho kukhula khona kuphela i-cacti.
Parrots
Lezi zakhamizi zasezindawo ezishisayo zifanekiselwa uhlobo olungama-25 lwezinhlobo eziyi-111, ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo zingama-Amazons aluhlaza, kanjalo namacaws aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi, abomvu nanohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona amapharishi amancane amancane (asayizi oluhlaza okotshani) angaphansi kunama-macaw ngosayizi, kodwa hhayi ekukhazimuleni kweplamu. Ama-parrots amaningi akhetha amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo ukuze aphile, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo azesabi izindawo ezivulekile, zakha izidleke zazo emifantwini noma emiseleni.
Chinamu
Umndeni wezinhlobo ezingama-42 ungowaseningizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Kungekudala kakhulu, izinyoni zaxoshwa ekuhlelekeni kwezinkukhu, lapho zafika khona ngenxa yokufana kwazo namaphethelo, futhi zaqashelwa njengezihlobo zezintshe. Onke ama-tinama andiza kabi, kepha agijime kahle, kanti abesilisa banamathela kumasayithi womuntu, balwa nabaphula umngcele.
Lezi zinto ezisebenzayo azisebenzi kubantu besifazane: umnikazi uyashada nabo bonke abangena esifundeni sabo.
Yonke insikazi evundisiwe ibekela amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa, ihlelwe emhlabathini, inikezela ukunakekelwa kwezingane kubaba omkhulu, ofaka amaqanda futhi ahole amaphuphu. Kuphela lapho bezalwa, bangalandela owesilisa futhi bathole nokudla. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-chinamu zibhangqa futhi zinakekele inzalo ndawonye.
Izinyoni Zasehlathini zaseNew Zealand
ENew Zealand naseziqhingini eziseduze kwayo, kunezinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-156, kufaka phakathi ama-endemics, emindenini engama-35 nama-oda ayi-16. Okuwukuphela kokuphela kokuqothuka (okungenamaphiko) kanye nemindeni ebulawa yizihlobo (New Starlings and wrens).
ikiwi
Izinhlobo ezintathu zimelela ukubambeka okungenamaphiko: ngenxa yokwehliswa, amaphiko ama-kiwi angahlukeki ngaphansi kwepheyinti eliminyene, elikhumbuza kakhulu uboya. Le nyoni ayikho enkulu kunenkukhu (efinyelela kuma-4 kg), kepha inokubukeka okuqondile - umzimba omise okwenziwe ngopende, amehlo amancane, imilenze emifushane eqinile nomlomo omude ongenamkhala ekugcineni.
IKiwi ithola inyamazane yayo (igobolondo, izinambuzane, iminyundu, ama crustaceans, ama-amphibians, amajikijolo / izithelo) ngosizo lomqondo wayo omuhle kakhulu wephunga, icwilisa uqhwaku lwayo olubucayi emhlabathini. Ama-preredators nawo abona i-kiwi ngephunga, njengoba izimpaphe zayo zinuka njengamakhowe.
Ijuba laseNew Zealand
Le nyoni yasehlathini, ehlala eNew Zealand, idunyiswa njengejuba elihle kakhulu emhlabeni. Uphathiswe umsebenzi obhekele kakhulu - ukusabalalisa imbewu yemithi, ukudala ukubukeka okuhlukile kweNew Zealand. Ijuba laseNew Zealand lidla ngokulangazelela izithelo, amajikijolo, amahlumela, ama-buds nezimbali zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, kepha ikakhulukazi zincika ku-medlar.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ngemuva kokudla amajikijolo anethosi, le nyoni iyalahlekelwa futhi iwele emagatsheni, yingakho inegama lesidlaliso elithi "hoppy, noma elidakiwe, ijuba".
Amajuba aphila isikhathi eside, kepha azalela kancane: insikazi ibekela iqanda eli-1, eliqashiwe ngabazali bobabili. Ngomakhaza, amajuba aseNew Zealand agcwele amanoni, asinda kakhulu futhi aba yinto yokuzingela.
Ngomusa
Izinkanyezi zaseNew Zealand (uhlobo lwesithathu nezinhlobo ezi-5), eziqanjwe ngamaNdiya angamaMaori, aqaphela ukukhala kwezinyoni ezithi "Uya, Uyia, Uyya." Lezi yizimbobo zezingoma ezingafika ku-40 cm ubude ngamaphiko angenamandla futhi zibe nombala oqondayo, omnyama kakhulu noma ompunga, kwesinye isikhathi oxutshwe nobomvu (njenge-tiko). Phansi komlomo, kuphakama ukuphuma kwesikhumba ebomvu, kukhulu emadodeni. UGuiyi, osemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa, awumuntu munye futhi uyindawo. Uhlobo olulodwa, olune-guia, seluvele lwanyamalala ebusweni boMhlaba.
Izinyoni Zasehlathini Base-Afrika
Izilwane zezinyoni zase-Afrika zinama-oda angama-22, kufaka phakathi imindeni engama-90. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezidleke ezihlala njalo, izinyoni eziningi ezivela eYurophu nase-Asia ziza lapha ebusika.
Isiwula
Umndeni we-pheasants e-Afrika umelwe izinhlobo ezingama-38, ezingama-35 kuzo zingama-turochs (ama-francolins) ahlala emahlathini noma ezihlahleni. I-Turach, njengabaningi abanjengenkukhu, inombala ngokuhlukahluka, enemithende kanye namabala ahlukaniswa nesizinda somzimba ojwayelekile (ompunga, onsundu, omnyama noma wesihlabathi). Ezinye izinhlobo zihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezibomvu / ezibomvu eduze kwamehlo noma umphimbo.
Imfolozi isayizi wephalishi elijwayelekile futhi inesisindo esisuka ku-400 kuya ku-550 g. Iholela ekuhlaleni kokuhlala phansi, ikhetha izigodi zemifula, lapho kunemifino eminingi (amahlumela, imbewu namajikijolo) kanye nama-invertebrates. Yakha izidleke emhlabathini, ibeka amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-10, lapho insikazi ifukamela amasonto amathathu. Umzali wesibili uxhuma ukukhuliswa kwamachwane ngemuva kokuqhwaku.
Buffoon ukhozi
Igama lesibili isithombe. Le inyoni yasehlathini evela emndenini we-hawk, ifinyelela ku-0,75 m isindala, inesisindo esingu-2,5 kg futhi amaphiko afinyelela ku-160-180 cm. Ngokukhanya kwe-plumage, isele lifana ne-parrot: inombala obomvu (onoguquko oluka ku-orange) oqhwakele, obomvu. brown emuva / umsila nemilenze ebomvu ekhanyayo. Izimpiko zimnyama, zinomucu ophambanayo wezimpaphe ezingwevu ezingwevu. Ikhanda, isifuba nentamo kwenziwa nge-anthracite.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zihamba phambili kumenyu ye-ukhozi-buffoon, kepha kunezinye izilwane (ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni):
Uma ubheka inyamazane, iningi lempilo yama-hangmen lichithwa esibhakabhakeni, imvamisa ukubutha ngamaphakethe aze afike kumashumi amahlanu. Imvamisa izidleke kumagatsha e-acacia noma e-baobab, zimisa izidleke ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha.
Izintshe zase-Afrika
Kungashiwo ukuthi kunezinyoni zasehlathini ezinemibandela ethile, uma nje iqiniso lokuthi inciniba yase-Afrika ayihlali nje kuphela ezintabeni, ogwadule, ogwadule, ezindaweni ezinamadwala, kepha nasezihlahleni nasezintabeni eziminyene. Ezokugcina kwesinye isikhathi zigcwele ngezihlahla, zakhe uhlobo lwehlathi.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ama-Ostriches ahlala ezindlini zezinsikazi, futhi abesilisa bavikela izintombi zabo ziyaqhakaza futhi zibhonga njengamabhubesi angempela.
Ama-harems abe esehlangana emaqenjini amakhulu (aze afike ku-600) ukuze azingele ndawonye ama-vertebrates amancane nama-invertebrates. Ama-Ostriches anezela imenyu yemifino yansuku zonke ngomdlalo, angakhohlwa ukuqeda ukoma kwawo ezindlini zemvelo eziseduze.
Izinyoni zehlathi zase-Eurasia
Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-1.7 zezinyoni ezivela emindenini engama-88 zihlanganiswe esidlekeni sama-oda angama-20 ezwenikazi. Isabelo sengonyama sezinyoni siwela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Eurasia - Southeast Asia.
IGoshawk
Elikhulu kunawo wonke ama-Hawks, lawo ma-females ngokwesiko aphakeme kunabesilisa ngosayizi. Izinsikazi zikhula zibe ngu-0,6 m ezinesisindo esingu-0.9-1.6 kg kanye namaphiko okuphakama okuyi-1.15 m. I-goshawk, njengazo zonke ezinye izisele, ifakwa “amashiya” amhlophe - imivimbo emide yezimpaphe ezimhlophe ngaphezulu kwamehlo.
Phakathi kwabo, ama-goshawks ayaxhumana esebenzisa ukumemeza okukhulu.
Lezi zinyoni zasehlathini zakha izidleke ngamathanga aqabulayo / anobuhlakani obunokukhanya okulinganiselayo, lapho kunezhlahla eziningi ezinde ezindala nemiphetho yokuzingela okulula. Ama-Goshaws alandelela umdlalo onamagazi afudumele (kufaka phakathi izinyoni), kanye nezirhubuluzayo kanye nama-invertebrates. Ungesabi ukuhlasela isisulu ngesigamu sesisindo sabo.
UJay
Inyoni ejwayelekile ehlathini yobukhulu obuphakathi, ejwayelekile endaweni enamahlathi. UJay udume ngobuningi bawo obugqamile, izithunzi zazo ezihlukahluka kusuka ezinhlotsheni kuya ezinhlotsheni, nangamakhono alo we-onomatopoeic. Le nyoni izalela hhayi kuphela izixaka zezinye izinyoni, kodwa futhi noma imuphi umsindo ozwayo, ukusuka umsindo wesimbi kuya kwelizwi lomuntu. UJay uqobo ukhala ngokungathandeki nangokuzwakalayo.
AmaJay adla izikelemu, ama-slugs, ama-acorns, amantongomane, amajikijolo, imbewu, ngisho ... nezinyoni ezincane. I-Nest emithini emide / emithini, ebeka isidleke eduze nesiqu. I-clutch imvamisa inamaqanda ama-5-8, kuthi amachwane ayo aqandeke ngezinsuku 16-16.
I-Commonoleole
Ukufuduka kwenyoni yasendle enenqwaba yemibalabala ephuzi e-Europe. Ayitholakali emahlathini aqatha nje kuphela noma ahlanganisiwe, kodwa futhi nasezihlahleni ezi-birch / oki, kanye nasemapaki nasezivandeni zamadolobha.
Entwasahlobo, ingoma ka-Oriole iqukethe ikhwela le-filimbi. Lapho le nyoni iphazamiseka, ihlangana kakhulu, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi ikati lehlathi.
Amadoda aqapha uzungu lwawo, aqala ukulwa nezimbangi zawo. Izidleke ziphenduka imfoloko yamagatsha, okokuqala ziluka uhlobo lwe-hammock kusuka kumicu ye-hemp, bese izindonga, ziqinisa ngegxolo le-birch, utshani kanye ne-moss. Amaqanda (izingcezu 4-5) abekwa ngoMeyi.
Izithombe zezinyoni jay ne-robin
UJay - uzulazula futhi uthutha, eningizimu - uzinzile. Ihlala eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho ne-Afrika.
Ayondli nje ngemifino kuphela kepha futhi nokudla kwezilwane. EYurophu, ama-jay anokudla okuyinhloko kwama-acorn. Ugcina ubusika futhi akhuthaze ukusatshalaliswa kwe-oki.
Udla nembewu ehlukahlukene, amajikijolo, izinambuzane, izinduku ezincane, amasele, izibungu, izinyoni ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, ondlunkulu. Ijay yamachwane namaqanda avela ezidlekeni.
Use isithombe bird birdURobin noma i-zaryanka - inyoni edume kakhulu evela emndenini we-thrush.
Lesi yisithombe esihle, esinamehlo amakhulu amakhulu anesifuba esibomvu, kufanele ngabe uhlangane emahlathini, izingadi namapaki lapho ubuhlala khona kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Ngeke ukhohlwe amacilongo akhe afana nezinsimbi, njengoba esezwile kanye. Ingoma emnandi ekwayeni yezinyoni zasehlathini, i-robin ithandwa kakhulu njengesihlobo se-Nightingale ngenxa yengoma yayo efana nentsimbi yesiliva.
Ngalezi zingoma ezingekho esimweni esihle, ekuseni kakhulu uqala futhi uphele ekushoneni kwelanga nosuku olude, olumatasa. Ngakho-ke, inyoni emangalisayo futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-zaryanyanka.
Izithombe zezinyoni i-hoopoe ne-cuckoo
Photo of bird hoopoeokuyinto ebonakalayo kakhulu. Une-crest enhle enhle emsiza ukuthi angadideki namuntu. Amapayipi akhanyayo enza kukhange ngokukhethekile.
Isiqu eside eside esishukumisayo ekhanda siyisici esahlukanisa i-hoopoe. I-crest iqukethe imigqa emibili yezimpaphe ezinamachashaza amnyama emaphethelweni kanye namachashazi amhlophe amhlophe aguqula indawo lapho i-crest ihamba. Umlomo ka-hoopoe mude futhi mncane, ugobile kancane.
I-hoopoe iyacophelela, kepha ayesabi. Lapho enovalo noma esaba, ukuqunjelwa kwakhe kuvuleka njengomphathi. Kwenzeka into efanayo lapho ewela emhlabathini.
Use isithombe ikhukhamba birdehlala yonke indawo eRussia. Ukubona ikhukhamba kunzima kakhulu. Wonke umuntu wamuzwa "ukhuko", kepha bambalwa abayibona le nyoni.
I-cuckoo ejwayelekile ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-38. Amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-55. Inyoni inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-130. Imilenze yakhe iqinile kepha imfishane.
Izithombe zenyoni ebalekayo, ehlala ezindaweni eziningi zezwe lethu. Ibizwa ngokuhlukile: isinxibi noma umhlambi. KumaSlavs asendulo, kwakuthathwa njengokungcwele, abantu abayithinti i-lapwing kanye nesidleke sayo.