Emakethe yokukhanyisa, ama-LEDs athola ukuthandwa ngokushesha. Izinkampani ezihola phambili emhlabeni jikelele lapho kukhiqizwa izibani eziholelwayo zigcina umugqa wamanani usezingeni eliphakeme, okwenza imikhiqizo yabo ibize kakhulu kubathengi baseRussia. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-LEDs eRussia kumane kukhula ngamandla. Ake sibheke ukuthi akhiqizwa kanjani ama-LED, bheka ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nezinkampani ezenza lokhu.
Izici Zokudala
Inkampani ngayinye ifihla inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ngemuva kwesihenqo sezimfihlo zokuhweba. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi siveze ngokugcwele izici zokudala, kepha sizozama ukunikeza imiqondo ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza. Yonke inqubo ihlukaniswe izigaba. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zigaba futhi sizohlaziya ngalinye lazo ngokuningiliziwe.
Kulesi sigaba, i-crystal substrate iyathathwa (isafire yokufakelwa ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu), ibekwe egumbini elikhethekile elivalwe uphawu.
Igumbi ligcwele izingxube zegesi zokwenza okufiswayo bese ziqala ukushisa. Le nqubo ibizwa nge-pyrolysis. Ngenxa yalokho, ifilimu le-crystalline ama-microns amaningi awugqinsi emgodini ongaphansi kwekristal.
Okulandelayo, oxhumana nabo bafafazwa kwifilimu nokuhlukaniswa kwayo okulandelayo kwaba izinkulungwane zama-chip ngamunye.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-Chip ngezigaba
Lesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlunga, ngoba ama-chips adalwe kusuka kwisakhi esisodwa esenziwe ekuqaleni abe nesakhiwo esinamandla. Ama-Chip ahluke ngamapharamitha angaphezu kuka-150, kepha kunezimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlukanisa:
- endaweni ephezulu kakhulu yemisebe,
- ngamandla kagesi namandla.
Ama-Chip ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngamapharamitha afaneleke kakhulu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze ukufana okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo eyenziwe.
Ukudalwa kwemikhiqizo ye-LED
Kukhona Ukukhetha kwamalensi akhethekile enziwe nge-silicone, ipulasitiki noma ingilazi. Ngokubona, i-phosphor ingangezwa. I-LED ihlanganiswe futhi ukusebenza kwe-LED ngayinye kuhlolwe kumabhentshi wokuhlola akhethekile.
Ungabuka imininingwane enemininingwane eminingi ngokukhiqizwa kwama-LEDs, ukuhlunga ngesigaba nokwakha imikhiqizo ngokususelwa kuma-LED kule vidiyo:
Ukukhiqizwa eRussia
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe baseRussia bulele ngemuva kwabaseYurophu, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-LED kufinyelela ezifundeni zaseRussia.
Imboni ye-LED eRussia ibonakala ngamaphoyinti amabili:
- amabhizinisi enza umjikelezo ophelele wama-LEDs,
- amabhizinisi ahlangana nama-LEDs avela kuma-chip angenisiwe kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Njengoba imboni ye-LED eRussia isanda kuqala ukuzuza umfutho, amabhizinisi anomjikelezo ogcwele wokukhiqizwa kwe-LED akuvamile kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yaseRussia basebenza ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingenisiwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
Abenzi abaziwayo be-LED
Imboni ye-LED yomhlaba wonke, njenganoma iyiphi enye, inabaholi bayo. Phakathi kwezinkampani ezithatha izikhundla eziphezulu ekwenziweni nasekukhangisweni kwemikhiqizo ye-LED, kunezindawo ezinhlanu ezidumile:
- INichia Corporation yinkampani evela eJapan. Kuthengiswa ngemisindvo yemibala ehlukahlukene. Futhi ukuthuthukisa umugqa wama-diode ekhanyisa i-laser.
- I-Samsung LED ingumakhi waseNingizimu Korea wemikhiqizo aholwa. Inkambu enkulu yomsebenzi: ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwezingxenye ezingezansi ezenziwe ngesafire yokufakelwa. Wazibandakanya ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukiseni.
- I-Osram Opto Semiconductors yinkampani ehamba phambili yaseJalimane ekhiqiza ama-semiconductors. Umkhiqizo oyinhloko wokungenisa inkampani yi-LEDs.
- I-LG Innotek - ithuthukisa izakhi ze-LED. Ngokusekelwe kuzakhi ze-LG, izinzwa zokubona kanye nama-diode ekhanyisa i-laser ayenziwa.
- I-Seoul Semiconductor yinkampani yaseKorea egxile ekukhiqizeni amadivayisi aholelwayo. Umkhiqizo wokukhiqizwa uyizindlu zama-diode akhipha ukukhanya.
Izinkampani ezinokusetshenziswa okuyingxenye kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingenisiwe.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-LLC TD Focus, Fryazino, Isifunda saseMoscow,
- I-MGK "Lighting Technologies" iRyazan,
- "Ubunjiniyela Bokubeka Amaplanethi" iSt. Petersburg.
Imakethe yaseRussia isanda kudlula esiteji sokwakheka, ngakho-ke intengo ephezulu yemishini yokwenziwa kwama-LED ibambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwalo mkhakha.
Isiphetho
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-LEDs eRussia kusesiteji nje kuphela sokukhiqizwa nentuthuko; amafemu akhona angabalwa eminwe. Izinto eziningi zokwenziwa zithengwa phesheya. Kepha, akunandaba, izinkampani zaseRussia zithuthuka ngokushesha kule ndlela futhi maduze zizokufanelekela ukuncintisana nabakhiqizi bangaphandle.
Ingxenye yokuqala. Imibono elindelwe ende yabamele i-Optogan
UVladislav Bugrov, Iphini Likamongameli Ophethe I-Optogan *
Kungani isibani se-Optolux E27 sisebenzisa i-polycarbonate kuneglasi? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingilazi icishe iphindwe izikhathi ezi-2,5 ukuya kwezingu-2,5 kune-polycarbonate, kuthatha okungaphezulu kakhulu ukwenza “isibani” (kwenziwa nge-polycarbonate yobukhulu obukhulu) kune-glus diffuser, futhi ngenxa yalokho isisindo sisonke Le ngxenye yesibani iyaqhathaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-bulb enkulu, kanye nesidingo seplatifomu ehlukile ye- “gluing” yayo, usayizi werediyamu ye-aluminium lenyukile, futhi okuthinta izindleko nesisindo sesibani.
Senze i-diffuser isibani esenziwe nge-polycarbonate efrathekile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: okokuqala, lokhu okuqukethwe akunakweqeka, futhi okwesibili, kushibhile.
Futhi ungabiza malini amanani entengo yengilazi ne-polycarbonate esetshenziswa ngu-Optogan?
Thina, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umenzi, asidaluli isakhiwo sezindleko zemikhiqizo yethu, i-polycarbonate isibiza cishe ngama-20% eshibhile kunengilazi. Yize, kunjalo, konke kuncike ezimfanelweni nasebusweni be-diffuser. Kumele ngivume ukuthi ingilazi inenzuzo ngezindlela ezithile, ikakhulukazi, inedlulisela kangcono. Isibonelo, i-polycarbonate eqandisiwe, enikeza ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya okufananayo, ibamba cishe i-15%, kuyilapho ingilazi efriziwe inezimpawu ezifanayo - 9-10%. Ngokuyinhloko, ngokuzayo sihlela ukusebenzisa ingilazi kokunye okulungisiwe, nange-polycarbonate ethile. Yize kubalulekile ukwenza i-bulb ingaqhekeki, ngoba njengoba kwenzeka, into yokuqala wonke umuntu (kufaka wena) uyihlolile ukuthi izoshaya kanjani.
Ukwakhiwa kwamamojula we-LED akhiqizwe ngu-Optogan OLP-X5050F6 * kuyafana nokwakwaSveta LED (SVL03P1-FX-XX). Ingabe la macala athengwa kubakhiqizi beqembu lesithathu noma ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Optogan?
Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwamamojula weChip-on-Board (u-Optogan wethule isizukulwane sesibili se-COB embukisweni osanda kwenziwa we-Interlight), inkampani i-Optogan, efana naleyo esetshenziswa esibani se-Optolux E27, ithengisa ngama-LEDs lapho ithengela khona amacala kubakhiqizi beqembu lesithathu, ngenxa yalokho, okubukwayo ukuhlangana ngengozi kungenzeka. Futhi hhayi e-Optogan naseSvetlana kuphela, kepha futhi nakubaningi abakhiqizi bomhlaba. Umehluko kuleli cala ukuthi is chip ye-LED isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwecala elijwayelekile, nakuma-silicones kanye nama-phosphors asetshenzisiwe (kulokhu, uMnu. Bugrov usho ukuthi "ijeli" -okugcwaliswa okususelwa ku-silicone ne-phosphor).
Ngiyaphinda ukuthi ku-bulb ye-Optolux, umthombo okhanyayo akuyona ibhodi enama-discrete e-LED, kodwa module eyodwa ye-LED. Kule module esiyisunguzile, alikho icala lepulasitiki, futhi nje imodyuli enjalo iyisibonelo sesisombululo esihlanganisiwe esisikhuthaza ngenkuthalo emakethe.
Ukubekwa okujwayelekile ngama-LEDs kusuka ku-Optogan ngaphambi kokufakwa kwetheyipu *
Inkampani ihlela kanjani ukunciphisa intengo yemikhiqizo eqediwe izikhathi ezi-2?
Elula kakhulu: ngokusebenzisa ezomnotho zesikali. Yize lokhu kungenzeki njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Manje ngivumela yonke indawo (etafuleni eliyindilinga, ezingxoxweni eziningi, kwa-Interlight ngikutshele) - udinga ukuya kwizisombululo ezihlanganisiwe. Isinyathelo sokuqala osibonile. Uma uqaqa ama-bulbs abakhiqizi abahlukile, khona-ke ngobuningi obukhulu uzobona ama-LED ngamanye, kanye nomshayeli ngamunye, ohlanganisa izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye ze-elekthronikhi. Futhi noma yini omunye umuntu angayisho, kepha kuvela ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinto zekhonkrithi liyasetshenziswa. Futhi sathatha igxathu lokuqala ekuxazululeni isixazululo esihlanganisiwe - sakha imodyuli yokukhanya ehlanganisiwe (COB).
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthi sizothuthukisa sibe umshayeli ohlanganisiwe, ngemuva kwalokho sizozama ukuhlanganisa amamojula ahlukene kube yisixazululo esisodwa. Lokhu kufana nokushintshela kuma-microchips ngesikhathi esifanele. Kwake kwaba namakhompyutha ahlala kuwo wonke amakamelo ngisho nezakhiwo. Ngemuva kwalokho basungula ama-semiconductor chips. Manje izindleko zama-microcircuits ziyahlukahluka kusuka kumakhulu amadola ngenqubo ngayinye kuya kumayunithi amaDola kwezinye izixazululo ezilula. Ebuchwephesheni bokukhanyisa kuzoba cishe okufanayo. Nayi ifilosofi yethu.
Mhlawumbe ikhambi le-COB nge-LED eyodwa enkulu alinaphutha (ngokwesibonelo, ukushisa kokushisa kuyawohloka, okungase kuholele "ekugqokeni" kwesikhashana module ye-LED)? Mhlawumbe bekufanele ukuthatha indlela yabaholi bezimakethe zomhlaba?
Ngoba i-COB, i.e. Isixazululo esihlanganisiwe sizosiza ukwehlisa intengo ngokuzayo. Ngokuqondene nokuwohloka kwesinki sokushisa - lesi isitatimende esiyiphutha.
Ukumelana okushisayo kwe-0.5 W LED esetshenziswa kabanzi kakhulu kwiphakethe ye-5630 Rjs (junction-solder) cishe ku-40-60 K / W. Lapho le LED ifakwe ngisho nakwibhodi yensimbi enokuphikisana okuncane okushisayo (amanani ajwayelekile we-1-4 K / W), ngenxa yobukhona bezendlalelo zokudlula ezihlukanisa oxhumana nabo kusuka kusisekelo, inani eliphelele lokumelana ne-Rjb (junction-board) kuzoba yisamba sokumelana kwebhodi futhi I-LED, i.e. acishe alingane nokumelana nokushisa kwe-LED (okungenani i-7K / W, kwizicelo ezijwayelekile> 40K / W).
Ku-module ye-COB, ama-chips atshalwe ngqo kwisisekelo sensimbi, evumela i-Rjb (junction-board)
Okokuqala, uhlu oluphelele lwezinto ezishicilelwe kuHabré:
OkwesibiliNgaphezu kwebhulogi leHabraHabr, izindatshana namavidiyo zingafundwa futhi kubhekwe ku-Nanometer.ru, i-YouTube, ne-Dying.
Okwesithathu, uma wena, umfundi othandekayo, uluthandile i-athikili noma ufuna ukukhuthaza ukubhala okusha, bese uqhubeka ngokusho kwe-elandelayo elandelayo: "Khokha okufunayo"
Ukulahlwa
Akukona ukuthi ama-incandescent noma ama-bulbs e-LED adingi izindlela ezikhethekile zokulahlwa. Ngokungafani ne-luminescent. I-phosphor yamalambu we-fluorescent anamuhla ifaka i-mercury: into enobuthi ngokweqile, okunzima ukuyisebenzisa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesici esingemnandi kakhulu: ayikhishwa emzimbeni, inqwabelana kuyo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imiphumela yaso eyingozi iyanda, ifinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezinzima zobuthi.
Shono amazwe amaningi athuthukile edlulisa imithetho edinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokulahlwa kwamalambu we-fluorescent.
Ukukhiqiza.
Ngakho-ke, ngamadivayisi we-LED angumthombo wokukhanya onobuhle kakhulu kwemvelo. Kepha kukhona impukane emafutheni. I-LED ngokwayo inekhono eliphakeme kakhulu lokuguqula amandla kagesi abe ukukhanya. Kepha awukwazi ukukuxhuma ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi ye-AC, udinga isiguquli esikhethekile. Kepha izingxenye zayo sezikhipha ukushisa okuningi futhi zidinga i-radiator enkulu ye-aluminium. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium kungamandla kakhulu (i-electrolysis) nangokukhishwa kwenqwaba yezinto ezinobungozi ezinjenge-sulfuric acid ne-carbon monoxide.
Isiphetho ososayensi silula, uma kungenjalo prosaic: eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo babikezela ukuvela kwama-compact amaningi futhi, ngokufanele, ama-radiyo anobuhlobo bemvelo kakhudlwana.
Ngokwami, ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kwezakhi zamalambu e-LED ngeke kwehlise kuphela isisindo sohlelo lokupholisa, kepha futhi kuzokhulisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke lulonke.