Izivakashi zeMoskvarium eVDNKh zizobona ufudu lwasolwandle olunqabile olufakwe ku-International Red Book.
Owesilisa udluliselwe kwesinye sezitolo zenhloko-dolobha. Izivakashi sezivele ziqambe ngokuthi iBarberry.
"Kufanekisela ukuthi bekungosuku lweWorld Turtle endaweni esemanzini yasolwandle lapho kuqhamuke khona isakhamuzi esisha esivela kuhlobo lwezinjini zasolwandle esingajwayelekile," kusho uchthyologist wase-aquarium, u-Irina Mainzer. "EMoskvarium, uBarberry uthole ikhaya elisha - i-aquarium enkulu enamanzi anosawoti, lapho ingakhula futhi ikhule endaweni enhle kakhulu."
I-turtle yaba buthaka, i-ichthyologists yamsiza ukuthi athole isisindo futhi aqinise ukungatheleleki kwakhe ngaphambi kokumkhulula kwi-aquarium ejwayelekile. IBarberry idla cishe amakhilogremu ayi-3.5 okudla ngesonto. Okumnandi kakhulu akuthandayo yi-squid, kanye ne-shrimp nenhlanzi. Manje isisindo sefudu sesikhuphukile sisuka kumakhilogremu amabili noyisithupha, ubude begobolondo ngamasentimitha angama-40.
Owesilisa uzogubha usuku lakhe lokuzalwa emihlanu e-aquarium ebanzi enendawo engamamitha-skwele angaphezu kuka-360. Kukhona futhi izakhamizi ezingaphezu kuka-400: isihlabathi, i-zebra, oshaka abamnyama nezimpaphe, oshaka kanye nama-gingar stingrays, kanye nezinhlanzi eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-grouper enkulu ne-moray eel.
Izivakashi eziya eMoskvarium zingahlaba umxhwele nsuku zonke ufudu lwe-bisse, futhi zibuke nokudla kwalo ngehora leshumi nantathu ngoMsombuluko, ngoLwesithathu nangoLwesihlanu. Ngesikhathi sokuvumelana nale ndlela, owesilisa wayejwayela abantu - ngenhliziyo ubhukuda ubheke kuma-ichthyologists nakwabahlukahlukene, futhi uyathanda lapho igobolondo lakhe lisatshalaliswa.
IBissa ingeyizimfudu zolwandle, okuwukuphela kwabamele abamele uhlobo lwe-Eretmochelys. Bahlukaniswa yi-carapace emise okwenhliziyo iphethini elikhanyayo. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-90, nesisindo - amakhilogremu angama-60. Ngokwemvelo, indawo yokuhlala kwamafudu isuka ezindaweni ezinomusa zaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe (isifunda saseNova Scotia, iGreat Britain, iBlack and Japan Seas) kuya ekushiseni okushisayo kweNingizimu (eseningizimu ne-Afrika, iTasmania, New Zealand). Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lomhlaba wonke lamafudu lehlile kakhulu ngenxa yesikhathi eside kakhulu sokukhula, ukuzingela nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
11.06.2017
Ufudu lwe-bisse, noma ukuthwala kwangempela (i-lat.Eretmochelys imbricata) lunomlomo omkhulu ozungezwe phansi, ulwenza lubukeke njengenyama edla inyama. Ikhethekile ngokudla izipanji zasolwandle futhi iyodwa kuphela omele uhlobo lwe-Eretmochelys.
Ukuvela kwayo namanje akukacaci. Uma ngaphambili izidalwa ezi-herbivorous zazibhekwa njengokhokho bakhe, manje umbono odlulayo ubumsuka bakhe abadla inyama kanye nobudlelwano obukhona ne-loghead, ufudu olunamakhanda amakhulu.
Ubudlelwano nabantu
IBissa ibhekisela ezilwaneni ezisondele ekuqothulweni. Emazweni amaningi ukubanjwa kwawo akuvunyelwe, kodwa cishe yonke indawo kuyabathokozisa kakhulu abazingeli. ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, inyama yefudu ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kakhulu ne-panacea yezifo eziningi, kanti igobolondo lisetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhumbuzo.
Kakade amaGrikhi namaRoma asendulo enza amakhoma, izindandatho namakhola okuhlobisa kuwo. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-5, amaChinese abheka ukuthwala okwangempela okwenziwe ngokudla futhi asabalalisa izintandokazi zawo ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane. Ngaphambi kwalapho, ukuyidla bekungakaze kubhebhetheke, njengoba kunomkhuba wokudla izipanji ezinobuthi, okuyi-gourmets okusongela ubuthi obunamandla ngisho nokufa.
Izakhamizi zoMbuso Wasezulwini sezisungule izindlela zokupheka inyama eziguqula noma zinciphise imiphumela yobuthi, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa ngokuphelele. ENdiya, inqwaba yabantu iyafa minyaka yonke ngemuva kokunambitha umuthi oyingozi.
EJapan, igobolondo le-biss lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni amafreyimu okubuka. Isithasiselo esinjalo asiphumanga ngemfashini amashumi eminyaka, ngakho-ke cishe amathani angama-30 wezinto ezingavuthiwe ayenziwa minyaka yonke.
Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamathokheni asuka ku-carapace neplastron kumiswa eDominican Republic naseColombia, lapho kuyinto ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kabusha komgcinimafa wombuso.
Ukubukeka
IBissa ibukeka ufudu oluhlaza, kepha incane, ubude bomzimba obungu-60-90 cm, nesisindo esingu-45-55 kg. Ngofudu oluhlaza, i-bissus kwesinye isikhathi ihlanganiswa ihlanganiswe ibe yi-subfamily eyodwa. I-carapace imbozwe ngezihlangu ezinamandla ezinohlonze, lapho abantu abasha bebekwa uthayela phezu komunye nomunye, kepha njengoba iminyaka yobudala lembondela iyanyamalala. Inomumo obunjwe yinhliziyo, ingemuva lakhona ligxishwe ngokuqinile futhi limiswe. Inomlomo omkhulu onamandla. Umbala we-carapace umdaka ngephethini enamabala aphuzi. Emaphepheni angaphambili, imvamisa izikhawu ezimbili.
Ukuzala
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi zenza ukufuduka kolwandle kude ukuze zifinyelele emabhishi esidleke angapheli. Izindawo ezaziwa kakhulu zokuzalela zitholakala eSri Lanka naseLwandle lweCaribbean ogwini lweChiriki Gulf ogwini lwe-Isthmus ePanama, ogwini lweMedithera lwaseTurkey, entshonalanga ne-Antalya.
Usayizi wobumbano wehlukahluka emiphakathini ehlukene futhi uvame ukufana nosayizi wezinsikazi. Ngenkathi yesikhathi, insikazi eyodwa yenza ama-2-4 amaqhugwane aqukethe amaqanda ayi-73 kuya kwangama-182 amaqanda ayindilinga angena ku-40 mm. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa cishe yizinsuku ezingama-60. Abesifazane bavame ukufika ezindaweni zokudla izidleke ngokunqunyelwa iminyaka emithathu.
UBissa nendoda
Kudliwa inyama yenqola, yize lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nengozi - ingaba ubuthi uma ufudu londliwa yizilwane ezinoshevu. Amaqanda awukudla okumnandi emazweni amaningi. Futhi, izimfudu ziyaqothulwa ngenxa yegobolondo - zisetshenziselwa ukuthola "ithambo ufudu". Izikhumbuzo zenziwa kubantu abasha. Ngalezi zizathu, ngaphandle kobubanzi obukhulu, izinhlobo zezinto ezisengozini.
Kuvikelwe ngumthetho, kepha kuvame ukungasebenzi. Ukuvikelwa kwalolu hlobo kuhlanganiswa nokuqhekeka kwezindawo ezidlekayo, ukuntuleka kwemininingwane ekuhambeni kwabantu kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu kwezifudu ukwephula izindawo zokuhlalisa izidleke.
Ukucatshangelwa kokuvinjelwa ngokuphelele kokuthengiswa kwamagobolondo kanye nezimfudu ezisencane ezifakiwe, kanye nokulawula ukuqoqwa kwamaqanda, okwamanje kuyacatshangelwa.
Indlela yokuphila
Njengezinye izimfudu zasolwandle, i-bisza ingumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu futhi uzulazula ufuna ukudla amabanga wamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Ubuhlalu bachitha impilo yabo yonke olwandle bese lufika olwandle kuphela lubekele amaqanda esihlabathini esifudumele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintokazi ngalesi sikhathi zenza ukubhukuda okungamakhilomitha amaningi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezijwayelekile lapho izizukulwane eziningi zamarhubhu zakha izidleke. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda cishe njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ngenkathi yesikhathi, angenza imichilo emibili kuya kwemine lapho amaqanda angama-73 kuya kwangama-182 etholakala.
Le ufudu isabekayo futhi idla izinhlanzi, igobolondo, ama-crustaceans, izipanji zamakhorali kanye nolwelwe. Maye, bazingela ngokweqile ngokweqile (bakha yonke inhlobo yesikhumbuzo esithombeni sayo, futhi inyama iya ekudleni), futhi manje le nhlobonhlobo yezilwane eziningi isengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Kungeniswe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu
IBissa ukuphela kommeleli wohlobo olufanayo olugcinwe endle. Ezizukulwaneni ezintathu ezedlule, inani labantu bakhona sehle ngamaphesenti angama-80. Isikhathi eside kakhulu sokukhula, amandla okuzala aphansi, ukuzingela, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okusakazekile, nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okujwayelekile yizinto eziphambili ezaba nomthelela ekunciphiseni kwenani lezinhlobo. Inyama yenkomo ingubumnandi bangempela, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlobene nengozi ethile. Okokuqala, ngaphansi kwe-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Type of Wild Fauna and Flora, lezo zenzo akukho emthethweni. Okwesibili, uma ubuhlalu bufakwe ku-cnidaria enobuthi, inyama ingafikelwa yingozi yokubulawa. Izimfudu zolwandle zivame ukuba yizisulu ngengozi yokudoba okuthengiswayo ngamanetha. Ngo-1982, le nhlobo yafakwa kwi-Red Book of the World, ngoba ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 yabelwa isigaba sokuvikela i-EN. Futhi ngo-1996 kuphela, iByss yathunyelwa kwisigaba se-CR. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane iye yasebenza kakhulu.
Ama-turtle asolwandle awakhiwa nje kuphela ngenjongo yokudla inyama, kepha futhi namagobolondo, ngawo enza "ithambo lefudu" elidumile. Imihlobiso evela egobolondweni lwe-carapace yayaziwa eGibhithe lasendulo. Ama-combs wabesifazane, amacala kagwayi, imifanekiso eyenziwe ngalolu hlobo olubizayo ifuneka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Naphezu kwemikhawulo eminingi, izimfudu ziyaqhubeka ukubhujiswa.
Kuyadliwa inyama yobhontshisi. Kepha qaphela! Kungaba nobuthi.
Ukubhebhetheka
Lolu hlobo lubanzi emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasolwandlekazi lwe-Pacific ne-Atlantic yolwandle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi - u-Eyi. imbricata no-Ei. bissa. Owokuqala utholakala ikakhulukazi e-Atlantic, kanti owesibili esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific.
Izakhamuzi zase-Atlantic zihlala endaweni enkulu ukusuka eGulf of Mexico kuya eningizimu ye-Afrika. Imingcele yasenyakatho isuka eLong Island Strait isuka ogwini lwesifundazwe sase-US i-Connecticut isiya esiteshini i-English Channel ngasogwini lwaseFrance, nakwamanye aseningizimu neCape of Good Hope (South Africa).
Isibalo esikhulu sezilwane sigxile engxenyeni esentshonalanga yebanga elisogwini lwaseFlorida, Cuba, Brazil kanye naseCaribbean Islands.
E-Indian Ocean, ufudu lwe-bacse lutholakala ikakhulu ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, isiqhingi saseMadagascar kanye neziqhingi eziseduzane, ePersian Gulf, oLwandle Olubomvu nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kweNdiya.
EPacific, izindawo zokuhlala zitholakala emanzini afudumele eNhlonhlo yaseKorea, eJapan, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, eMexico nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeChile.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-turtles akhetha ukuba seduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali noma azulazule ezindaweni eziseduze kwawo, ngesinye isikhathi enza uhambo olude, evakashela amadamu nezihlahla zemihlume ezisogwini ezifundeni ezingasogwini. Kusungulwe amandla kazibuthe omhlaba. Zithanda ukuphumula emanzini angajulile noma emihumeni engaphansi kwamanzi.
Baphila indlela yokuphila bebodwa futhi bayasebenza phakathi nesikhathi semini. Lala ebusuku ezindaweni zokukhosela zesikhashana.
Izibalo ezinkulu zangaphambili zifana nezicishamlilo futhi zisiza ukuhamba ngokushesha endaweni esemanzini, kuyilapho imilenze emfishane yangemuva isebenza njenge-helm. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-reptile ayifihli, kepha imane idonsele ikhanda ngaphakathi, ibambe intamo yayo njengenhlamvu yesiLatini S endizeni ebheke phezulu.
Ngokungafani nabesifazane, abesilisa abaze balushiye ulwandle olujulile futhi bangafiki endaweni enzima.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla yimipanji (i-Porifera) kanye namathumbu (Coelenterata). Ngezinga elincane kakhulu, kudliwa ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene, ama-starfish, ama-anemone olwandle, ama-cnidarians, ama-ctenophores, ama-mollusks, ama-algae nezinhlanzi ezincane zamathambo.
Enye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu yi-invertebrate enobuthi, ebizwa ngokuthi isikebhe samaPutukezi (i-Physalia physalis). Ukuyidla, i-bisza ivala amehlo akhe hhayi kuphela enjabulweni, kodwa futhi nasekuvikeleni ekutholeni ubuthi kubo. Akunangozi kwamanye izicubu zomzimba wakhe.
Ngaphezu kwesiponji esinobuthi, izinhlobo zezilwane eziqukethe inani elikhulu le-silicon dioxide nazo ziyadliwa. Isibonelo, lezi yi-genera Ancorina, Geodua, Ecionemia nePlacospongia.
Izici zangaphandle
Ubude obuphakathi nesisindo sabantu abadala yi-1 m nama-80 kg. Isilwane esisindayo kunazo zonke sinesisindo esingu-127 kg. Umbala we-carapace uncike ekukhanyiseni futhi uhlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani nokukhanya oku nsundu okunamabala amnyama.
Ihlanganiswe namabhulukwe amakhulu ayi-13 futhi inesimo esenziwe inhliziyo ngenxa yomhlane omncane. Iphethini enezindawo ezibomvu neziphuzi ngemuva kwinsundu ibonakala ngaphezulu. Amehlo makhulu, ayachichima. Iplastron iphuzi.
Embungeni, kuvuthwa kabili. Umhlathi ongaphezulu uhlome ngezinyo elakhiwe njengogobongo.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwamafudu ama-biss kulinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-30-50.
