Lama-squirrel amakhulu ayakuthanda ukuhlala emahlathini omile futhi omanzi afudumele.
I-Ratufa isikiwe (lat. Ratufa macroura) uhlala eSri Lanka naseNingizimu India, i-ratufa enezimpawu ezimbili ingatholakala emahlathini aseBurma, eNepal, e-East India nase-Indochina, i-ratufa yaseMalawi isakazeke e-Indonesia naseMalay Peninsula, i-ratufa yaseNdiya icishe yangena ngokuphelele esifundeni saseHindustan enyakatho ukuya e-Orissa naseSuthu.
Ama-Ratufs acishe abe ngu-50 cm ubude futhi anesisindo esingama-3 kg. Umsila we-squirrels ezinjalo uvame ukulingana nobude bomzimba. Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zalawa ma-squirrels ahluka ngobukhulu kubalingani bawo - ngobude amaprotheni anjalo acishe abe ngu-25-30 cm, noma kunjalo, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi amapharamitha anjalo anamaprotheni amakhulu kakhulu.
Ama-Ratufs anezinhlobonhlobo zemibala - ukusuka ekuhlanganiseni okuxakayo emhlane obushelelezi omnyama onesisu sewolintshi noma kwesisu kuya kokuncipha okubonakala grey noku nsundu.
Izindlebe zama-ratufs amafushane futhi anomumo oyindilinga; i-raturata enkulu enomsila inama-tassels amahle ezindlebeni. Emilenzeni yangaphambili yalezi zigilamkhuba, ungabona iminwe emide namaphilisi akhule kahle.
Ama-Ratufs, ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo, adla cishe njengawo wonke ama-squirrels - athanda ukudla amantongomane, izithelo, imbewu yemithi, amakhowe nezitho zangotshani. Abazidukeli amahlumela amancane enkuni nezimbali, bangabamba futhi badle izinambuzane ezinkulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bahlasela izidleke zezinyoni lapho bafuna amaqanda namachwane.
Bathanda ukuhlala bodwa, kuyaqabukela endaweni eyodwa lapho bengatholakala khona abangaphezulu kwababili. Isayithi leli squirrel elizikhethele lona ngokwalo lingahlukahluka ezindaweni ezahlukene kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nokutholakala kokudla.
Ama-Ratufs ahlala emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde. Lawa ma-squirrel agxuma ngokugxuma, noma kunjalo, ngokuqhathanisa nokugxuma kwama-squirrel ajwayelekile, ama-squgs awo angafika ku-6 m ubude. Ama-Ratufs angagxuma amamitha ayi-5 ukuya phansi, afike ngasikhathi sinye emaphathini amakhulu, abanzi ezinyaweni zawo.
Ubudala bokumiswa kokuqothulwa komsila omkhulu yizinsuku ezingama-28, emva kwalokho leli protein liba nesikwele esisodwa noma ezimbili. Ama-Belchata ratufas, njengama-squirrel ajwayelekile, azalwa enqunu futhi eyimpumputhe, ukukhula kwawo kwenzeka kancane kancane.
Umama we-squirrel usuthisa amawundlu akhe ngobisi inyanga nengxenye. Ngemuva kokufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, amaprotheni amancane avuthwa ngokocansi. Imvamisa kukhona ama-broods amathathu ngonyaka, ezifundeni ezomile kakhulu isibalo sazo siyehliswa sibe ngamabili.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-ratuf endle cishe siyiminyaka engama-5-6. Ekudingisweni, amaprotheni anjalo avame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-15.
IRatufa imelwe izinhlobo ezine:
- IBig Tailed Ratufa (Ratufa macroura) itholakala eSouth India naseCeylon.
- I-ratufa enezimpawu ezimbili (R. bicolor) ihlala eBurma, eNepal, e-Indochina nase-East India.
- Ihholo ledolobha laseMalay (R. affinis) livame ukwenzeka e-Indonesia nasePhalamende laseMalacca.
- I-Indian Ratufa (R. indica) ihlala cishe lonke iNhlonhlo yeHindustan eSifund nase-Orissa.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-ratuf
Ama-Ratufs anesifiso sezwe lonke; akuvamile ukutholakala endaweni eyodwa kubantu abangaphezu kwababili. Amaprotheni alawula indawo yawo yokudla ngayinye. Imingcele yayo ingahluka ezindaweni ezihlukile ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuphakelwa nesikhathi sonyaka.
Ama-ratufas asemqheleni yezihlahla ezinde ahamba ngokuxhuma. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nokugxuma ama-squirrels ajwayelekile, ukunyakaza kwabo kungabizwa ngokuthi indiza yangempela efinyelela kumamitha ayi-6.
Ama-squirrel ama-Giant angahle agxume emhlabathini ngamamitha ayi-5 ukuya phansi, afike ngasikhathi sinye kumaphakethe ebanzi we-paw.
Umsoco
Ama-Ratufs athola ukudla kwawo ezihlahleni. Ama-squirrels adla ngembewu yesihlahla, izithelo, amantongomane, amakhowe nama-lichens. Kudliwa izihlahla ezincane nezinhlamvu, kudliwa izinambuzane ezinkulu, kudliwe izidleke zezinyoni zifuna amaqanda nam amaphuphu.
Ukudla okukhulu kwamaprotheni kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezitshalo, izinambuzane ezinkulu, amaqanda nam amaphuphu.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-squirrel enkulu yamaNdiya ayikhawulwanga eNhlonhlweni YaseHindustan, kepha ifinyelela okuningi kakhulu. Lesi sigaxa somuthi omelele sanqoba hhayi kuphela izindawo eziphakeme zaseSri Lanka, amahlathi ashisayo aseNingizimu India naseziqhingini zase-Indonesia, kodwa futhi nezindawo ezithile zaseNepal, Burma, China, Vietnam neThailand.
Kuliqiniso, ibanga le-squirrel enkulu yamaNdiya liyancipha ngenxa yesibalo esandayo sezihlahla ezisikiwe: izilwane ezikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini anomswakama ashisayo ziyaphoqelelwa ukuba zifune izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala.
By the way, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Ratufa indica ku-subspecies kuhlotshaniswa ngqo nokuklanywa kobubanzi. Izazi zebhayoloji zithole ukuthi wonke umuntu akagcini nje ngokuthatha isigaba esithile sendawo, kepha futhi uhlukile ngombala wakhe. Kuliqiniso, ososayensi abavumelani ngenani lemibiko yanamuhla yengqwele enkulu yaseNdiya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuphikisana kwamaqembu alwayo kusekelwe kwimiphumela yocwaningo olwenziwe ... emakhulwini amathathu edlule. Ngemuva kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi i-Ratufa indica ihlanganisa i-4 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo 5) imixhaso ehlobene eduze.
Ngokweminye imibiko, i-subspecies Ratufa indica dealbata ayisatholakali esifundazweni saseGujarat, okusho ukuthi sidinga ukukhuluma kuphela ngama-subspecies ayi-4, futhi mhlawumbe amathathu. Izazi zebhayoloji ngokwezigaba azivumelani nazo, zihlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zanamuhla zamaqembu amakhulu aseNdiya, ngokususelwa ekucacisweni kombala nezindawo ahlala kuzo.
Okuyisithupha kweziyisishiyagalombili izingosi ezichazwe ngale ndlela zichazwe ngokulandelayo:
- I-Ratufa indica dealbata - isikwati esimnyama ophuzi / onsundu-ophuzi esihlala emahlathini ashisayo omanzi asendaweni eshisayo eduze kwaseDang,
- I-Ratufa indica centralis - isikwati esinamagwala / esimnyama ophuzi esihlala emahlathini ashisayo asezindaweni ezishisayo aseCentral India, eduze naseKhoshangabad,
- I-Ratufa indica maxima - i-rodent enombala ophuzi-onsundu / onsundu omnyama, i-beige noma izinwele ezimnyama ze-beige, ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezisogwini lolwandle lwaseMalabar,
- Ratufa indica bengalensis - iringi elihlala emaphethelweni emvula engagudli zikhathi zonke yezintaba zeBrahmagiri ziye ogwini lweBay of Bengal,
- I-Ratufa indica superans - squirrel enombala onsundu onsundu, i-beige noma nsundu ngombala wejazi,
- Ratufa indica indica.
Abanye abacwaningi banesiqiniseko sokuthi ama-subspecies athile ka-Indian squirrel omkhulu kufanele abekwe kusimo sezinhlobo. Izingxoxo zesayensi mayelana nezinhlobo ze-Ratufa indica bezilokhu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu, nokuthi zizophela nini akucaci.
Ukusakazwa kwe ratufa
IRatufa ihlela indawo yokuhlala ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo noma ngaphezulu komqhele wesihlahla.
Inezinsuku ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa. Unika ama-squirrels owodwa noma amabili. Bazalwa benqunu futhi beyimpumputhe, bengasizi ngalutho, ukukhula kwabo kuhamba kancane. Owesifazane udla ama-squirrels ngobisi inyanga nengxenye. Imvamisa, onyakeni, i-ratufa inezingane ezintathu, endaweni eyomileyo nenani labo liyehla liye kwababili. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, amaprotheni asencane ayakwazi ukwanda. Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-ratufa emvelweni siyiminyaka engama-5-6. Ekuthunjweni, ama-squirrel amakhulu angaphila isikhathi eside - kuze kube iminyaka eyi-15.
Ama-squirrels aboniswa ngamapads akhule kahle futhi abanzi emabunzini awo asemuva, okuvumela izilwane ukuba zikhuphuke lapho zigxuma.
Ukudla kwe-squirrel enkulu yaseNdiya
Lezi zidondolo zokhuni azinazidingo ezithile ze-gastronomic - zidla cishe konke ezingafinyelela kukho. Imenyu ye-squirrel enkulu yaseNdiya ifaka:
- izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo,
- amagxolo nezimbali
- amantongomane
- izinambuzane
- amaqanda ezinyoni.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, iprotheni imi emilenzeni yayo yangasemuva futhi ithwala imilenze yayo yangaphambili, idwengula futhi ikhonkotha izithelo . Umsila omude usetshenziswa njenge-counterweight - usiza i-squirrel yokudlela ukugcina ibhalansi.
Isimo semvelo sehholo ledolobha
IRatufa ifakwe kuhlu lwe-IUCN njengohlobo olunezinombolo zazo ezisengozini. Uhlobo lwe-rattool lubhalwe ku-Red Red world. Indawo egcinwe kuyo, ama-squirrels amakhulu avikelwe kuwo, itholakala eSrivilliputtur naseTamil Nadu eNdiya.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ukuziphatha kokuzala kweRatufa indica kuze kube manje akufundiswanga kahle. Kuyaziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqala, ama-squirrel amakhulu amaNdiya ahlala ngamunye ngamunye, kepha, bakha i-pair, bahlala bethembekile engxenyeni yabo yesibili isikhathi eside.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa behla ezihlahleni futhi baqale ukuxosha umlingani, bancintisana ngentshiseko nomunye. I-rodent ngayinye yakha izidleke eziningana esakhiweni esincane: kwezinye izingqwele zilala, kwezinye zishade nazo.
Ekwakheni izidleke, izilwane zisebenzisa amagatsha namaqabunga, zinikeze ukwakheka kwazo ukwakheka kanye nokuziqinisa emagatsheni amancanyana ukuze izinyamazane zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo. Izindondo ziziveza kuphela ngezikhathi zesomiso, lapho izihlahla ziqhakaza.
Ama-squirrel amakhulu amaNdiya ahlala ndawonye ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28 kuye kwezingama-35, futhi amathole maningi amathuba okuzala ngoDisemba, Mashi / Ephreli noSepthemba. Kwelitha elilodwa (ngokwesilinganiso) ama-squirrel amancane ama-1, azalwa kaningi - angaphezu kwesithathu. Ihholo ledolobha linomqondo oshiwo wumama ongamvumeli ukuba alahle izingane zakhe aze aqale ukuzondla ngokwazo futhi ashiye isidleke sazo.
Akekho umuntu ongakaze ambone squirrel. Lesi silwane esincane esinezinwele ezibomvu esinamadlebe amade nomsila omkhulu omfushane ujwayelekile kwabaningi kusukela ebuntwaneni, okungenani ngokusho kwenganekwane kaPushkin kaTsar Saltan: "I-squirrel icula izingoma futhi igobe konke." Amawashi akhe aqinile nezinzipho ezinde eziqinile, ngenxa yazo ugibela izihlahla kahle, futhi amazinyo abukhali aqhafaza kalula ama-hazelnuts.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izinganekwane nezinkolelo ezahlukahlukene kuhlotshaniswa ne-squirrel. KumaJapan, bekuthathwa njengophawu lokuzala, futhi emazweni amaningi aseYurophu kwakufanekisela amabutho angenamusa, abhubhisayo, ngenxa yengubo yayo ebomvu nokuqina, okuhambisana nento yomlilo.
Lokhu kungenye yamagundane ajwayelekile kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Mhlawumbe futhi ngoba wazihlanganisa kalula nabantu. Emapaki amadolobha, abasebenza ngokudla okungenamsoco abesabi ukwehla esihlahleni futhi baziphathe ngokuqondile ezandleni. Lesi isilwane esincane esinomusa, esinokuthula.
Amaprotein ane-genera engama-48, afaka izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwama-280. Inhlobonhlobo enkulu kangaka ye-squirrel ehlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Australia futhi, ngokwemvelo, i-Antarctica, ayikho eMadagascar, hhayi yonke indawo lapho ibonakala e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, kepha kukhona uhla olubanzi eYurophu.
Kulombuso obomvu, isilwane esincane kunazo zonke silinganiselwa ku-7.5 cm kuphela, isithandwa sethu semvelo esijwayelekile sokwedlula ama-30 cm, kepha kuvela ukuthi kukhona nabamele kakhulu bomhlaba we-squirrel. Lokho ngabo futhi ingxoxo yethu izohamba.
I-Ratuf squirrel isilwane esishisayo esinobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, sihlala emahlathini omanzi aseNingizimu Asia. Elikhulu kunazo zonke "liluliwe" ukuya engxenyeni yemitha, futhi ngomsila ongekho ngaphansi komzimba, kuzoba nemitha yonke.
I-squirrel enjalo inesisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg, yingakho yabizwa ngokuthi yi-giant. Abamele laba abade kakhulu bumbuso we-squirrel abafani neze nama-pranks ethu abomvu, angaphansi kwesisindo se-10.
Umbala wazo awujwayelekile, uhlanganisa imibala eminingana, ngokwesibonelo, imnyama emuva ne-orange, ephuzi noma nsundu emnyama esiswini.
Izindlebe zihlukaniswa futhi ngesakhiwo sazo: ziyimibuthano emincane emincane enjalo, zigcina nge-brashi kuphela kwiRatufa enomsila omkhulu, okunikeza ukufana kude nama-squirrel ethu amahle.
Emabunzini angaphambili, iminwe emide eshisiwe enamaphampu aminyene ahamba kahle lapho egxuma, futhi futhi eyinkulu, ingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-6.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-squidrel angama-Ratuf
Ku-protein genus Ratuf, kunezinhlobo ezi-4:
- Ratufa macroura . Njengoba isatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseSri Lanka (iSanskrit isho “izwe elibusisekile”), itholakala eNdiya esifundazweni esiseningizimu yeTamil Nadu nasemabhange asehlathini oMfula iKaveri. Ubude bomzimba nekhanda buyi-25-45 cm, nomsila wehluka phakathi kuka-50-90 cm.Ubhekwa njengoyidlanzana omncane kunawo wonke, uhlukaniswe waba ngama-subspecies amathathu: Ratufa m. macroura, Ratufa m. Dandolena, Ratufa m. UMelanochra.
- Ratufa indica . Njengoba igama libonisa, ihlala eNdiya, emahlathini emvula aseningizimu, kodwa ungayibona enkabeni yezwe esifundazweni saseMadhya Pradesh. Amaprotheni anjalo kanye nomsila afinyelela kubude be-1 m, enesisindo esingama-2 kg. Bondla, njengomthetho, phakathi nosuku, bahlala bodwa ngemindeni emincane, ngayinye inezici zayo zombala. Ngokusho kwabo, banquma ukuthi imvelaphi yakini eyodwa noma olunye uhlobo lwangaphandle. Phakathi kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo, akukho ukuvumelana ngokuthi zingaki izingqinamba ze-Indian Ratufa ezikhona, abanye bathi cishe ziyi-5, abanye bathi zingu-4 kuphela zazo, ngesizathu sokuthi enyakatho nentshonalanga yeNdiya (isimo saseGujarat) eyodwa kuthiwa inyamalale. Kukhona isahlulelo sokuthi baningi abangafika kwabangu-8 ngokohlobo lombala endaweni ethile. Kunenkulumompikiswano phakathi kososayensi yokuthi ezinye izingxhaso kufanele zithathwe njengezinhlobo zezilwane.
- I-Ratufa bicolor . Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi emahlathini ama-coniferous and tropical tropical of Southeast Asia (enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, Nepal, Burma, China, Vietnam, Thailand, iziqhingi zase-Indonesia). Ngelide ubude bungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha (118 cm).
- Cream Ratufa affinis . Ihlala emahlathini asezintabeni eduze nale squirrel enemibala emibili, kanye nesiqhingi saseBorneo (Kalimantan) esiqhingini saseMalay. Ngaphansi kwemitha ubude, enesisindo kufika ku-1.5 kg. Kunezindlela eziningi ezingaphansi kwamaprotheni anokhilimu; lena yiRatufa a. IBancana, iRatufa a. Baramensis, Ratufa a. Bunguranensis, Ratufa a. Cothurnata, Ratufa. a. Ephippium, Ratufa a. Hypoleucos, Ratufa a. Insignis, Ratufa a. I-Polia
Indlela Yokuphila Ye-Ratuf Giant squirrel
Zonke izinhlobo zamaratu zihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, imvamisa ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ezikude. Hlala ezihlahleni, ubashiye uma kwenzeka bephuthumayo. Yeqa igatsha usiya egatsheni amabanga amade, uzwa usongo, abaleki, kepha yiqhwa, kube sengathi kufakwa esiqwini.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla nezingwe ziyingozi kuzo. Basebenza kakhulu ekufuneni kwabo ukudla nasekuseni kusihlwa, ngehora lesishisa, baba ne “siesta”, abahleli kamnandi endaweni yabo yokuhlala, ama-squirrels rest.
Isilwane lesi singabizwa ngokuthi yisiphundu, ngoba sithanda isizungu, abantu abangavamile bayindawonye. Njengomthetho, abesilisa nabesifazane batholana kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Kwenziwa kukhethwe umgodi omkhulu njengendawo yokuhlala, imvamisa yakhelwa phezulu emqheleni wezihlahla ukuze izinyamazane, amabhola amakhulu, angalifinyeleli. Kukhona eziningana, enye yenzelwe ukulala, enye yenzelwe inzalo.
Izimbotshana zidla ngezipho ezahlukahlukene zehlathi: amantongomane, imbewu yezitshalo, amaqabunga, amakhowe kanye nama-lichens, azideleli izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinyoni ngisho namachwane, angadla ozakwabo abancane. Ngakho-ke banokuthambekela komphangi.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kuma-squirrels senzeka kaningana ngonyaka. Ukuqashelwa kwe-Ratufa enemibala emibili enkulisa kubonise ukuthi inzalo izalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ifinyelela kuma-3 amabele ngonyaka omuhle, kanti amabili kuphela ngonyaka owomile.
Owesifazane uthwala izingane izinsuku ezingama-28- 35, kuzelwe ama-squirrel ama-single noma amabili, umama uzondla ngobisi izinyanga ezimbili. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, sebethole amandla, bayazimela futhi sebekwazi ukuzala.
Usongo ekuziphiliseni nasekuvikelweni kweRatufa
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-squirrels amakhulu awaphili iminyaka eyi-6, ezindizeni, lapho ungadingi ukuchitha amandla ekutholeni ukudla, angama-20 angahlala.
Umuntu usongela ubukhona beRatuf ngokwemvelo, ngoba ebazingela ngoboya obuhle nenyama, ugawula amahlathi ezindaweni abahlala kuzo. Ngakho-ke, inani le-Ratuf bicolor ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu lehle ngo-30%.
Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, esigabeni sikahulumeni, umuntu unakekela ukulondolozela inani labantu, ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), lisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.Ukuze asindise uRatuf umsila omkhulu kusuka ngokunyamalala kokugcina, ubhalwe ku-Red Red International.
Ukugcina lolu hlobo edolobheni laseNdiya leSrivilliputtura, kwenziwa indawo yokubhuka, enye indawo ebanzi yokulondolozwa kwama-squirrel amakhulu asesifundeni saseMaharashtra. E-Yurobhu, ratuf ingabonakala kuma-zoo, ngokwesibonelo, emadolobheni aseCzech aseBrno, Ostrava noma Leipzig (Germany).
Bukela ividiyo emayelana ne-Big Tailed Ratuf:
I-squirrel enkulu ye-Ratuf isilwane esincane esithanda ukuthula futhi esinokwethemba, esingenangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Ngenxa yoboya bayo benyama nenyama, kanye nezimo zokuphila eziwohlokayo, zisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, eNdiya nakwamanye amazwe lapho ahlala khona, kuthathwa izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokukuvikela. Uma abantu bengayivikeli le pende exotic, imvelo izolahlekelwa omunye umbala wayo ogqamile. Ekwehlukanisweni kwako konke okuphilayo emhlabeni wethu kunobuhle bempilo!
URatufa ungowomndeni we-squirrel, okuyi-rodent disachment. Abamele lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe babizwa nangokuthi ngamaprotheni amakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba we-ratufa bubalelwa ku-50 cm, bese isisindo sifinyelela ku-3 kg. Umsila omuhle kakhulu cishe ulingana nobude bomzimba.
Umbala wehluke kakhulu futhi uhlukahluka kusuka ku-tint we-orange uye kumathoni ampunga ampunga namnyama. Kulesi simo, kugqame umnyama omnyama okhanyayo nesisu esilula. I-ratufa inezindlebe ezimfishane eziyindilinga ezihlotshiswe ngamakhekhe.
Ama-paws angaphambili aneminwe emide nama-pads athuthukile ahlome ngezihlakala. Izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zala maprotheni zihluka ngobukhulu kusuka kufomu elihlobene: ngobude lawo maprotheni acishe abe ngu-25-30 cm, noma kunjalo, lawo masayizi omzimba aqhathaniswa nosayizi wamaprotheni ajwayelekile.
26.04.2018
Ukubona lesi silwane esimangalisayo sinezinwele ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nomsila omude, awusoze waqaphela kuso squirrel, kunalokho lemur noma uhlobo oluthile.
Nasi isilwane esijabulisayo - I-squirrel enkulu yaseNdiya noma i-ratufa (Ratufa indica). ENdiya, leli pipi likhulu kakhulu libizwa ngokuthi iMalabar.
Lezi makhambi zihlala emahlathini ahlala exubile, aqobayo futhi anomswakama. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-squirrel enkulu yamaNdiya ayikhawulwanga eNhlonhlweni YaseHindustan, kepha ifinyelela okuningi kakhulu. Le ndodo enkulu yezinkuni ayitholakali futhi kuphela ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseSri Lanka, amahlathi ashisayo aseNingizimu India nesiqhingi sase-Indonesia, kodwa futhi nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNepal, Burma, China, Vietnam neThailand. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo, indawo yokuhlala kwama-squirrel amakhulu isincipha ngokushesha.
Emakhulu amathathu eminyaka edlule, izazi zezilwane zinqume ukuthi iRatufa indica ihlanganisa i-4 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo 5) okuhlobene okuhlobene, okuhluka ngombala nendawo yokuhlala
Abanye abacwaningi banamuhla bayaqiniseka ukuthi okungenani kukhona izingcingo eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqothuka futhi ukuthi izinkampani ezikhethekile zamaqembu agqamile aseNdiya kufanele zihlukaniswe ngesimo sezinhlobo. Izingxoxo zesayensi ngezinhlobo ze-Ratufa indica bezilokhu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu.
Ama-squirrel ama-Giant ahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Izilwane zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa kusihlwa. Ngamahora eshushu asemini bayaphumula.
Lawo maprotheni aqhathaniswa ngosayizi kwikati - ubude bomzimba wesilwane esidala bufika ku-40-50 cm, kuyilapho umsila we-fluffy ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-60 cm (zikhulu cishe izikhathi ezi-2 kune-squirrel yethu ebomvu). I-squirrel enkulu endala inesisindo esingama-2-3 kg.
Uboya obunemibala eminingi yalezi zinti bubukeka buhlaba umxhwele kakhulu - ingemuva le-ratufa limbozwe ngoboya obukhulu be-cream-beige, obomvu obumnyama noma umbala onsundu. Isisu namawandonga ngaphambili kuvame ngombala okhilimu, ikhanda lingaba nsundu noma libe yi-beige, noma kunjalo, wonke ama-squirrel alolu hlobo anendawo emhlophe ehlukile phakathi kwezindlebe. Abesifazane bahluke kwabesilisa hhayi kangako ngokubukeka njengasebusweni bezinduna ezincelisayo. Umsila we-fluffy-tone amabili udlula ubude bomzimba ngamaprotheni futhi udlala indima ebalulekile njenge-balancer.
Izindlebe eziyindilinga zama-squirrel amakhulu zimfushane futhi ziyahanjiswa futhi ziqondiswe ezinhlangothini. Amawashi abanzi futhi axakile ahlome ngezihlakala ezinamandla ezisiza isilwane sinamathele emagatsheni nasegatsheni zezihlahla.
Ama-Ratufs ahlala esihlahleni esingaphezulu sehlathi futhi akuvamile ukuba ashiye imiqhele yezihlahla. Ama-squirrel ama-Giant agxuma kahle asuka esihlahleni aye esihlahleni, anqoba ibanga elingaphezu kwe-6 m ngegxuma.
Ama-squirrel amaNdiya ayizilwane eziqaphile kakhulu ukuthi, uma kungenzeka kube yingozi, zingabaleki, kepha zibambe, zibambelele esiqwini sesihlahla.
Qaphela ama-squirrel amakhulu emiqhele eminyene yezihlahla kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nasezihlahleni ezinde, ama-squirrels awakwazi ukukugwema ukuhlangana nezitha eziningi: izingwe namanye amakati amakhulu, izinkawu nezinyoni zezinyamazane, ngisho nezinyoka zezihlahla.
Ama-squirrel ama-Giant awesabekayo; adla izithelo nezimbali, amantongomane namagxolo ezihlahla, amaqanda ezinyoni nezinambuzane. Ama-ratufs adla kamnandi - emi emilenzeni yawo yasemuva, esebenzisa izinsika zawo zangaphambili ekusebenzeni kokudla, futhi esebenzisa umsila wawo omkhulu njenge-counterweight, ukulinganisela okungcono.
Ama-squirrel ama-Giant bahlala noma ngababili, bahlala bethembekile kumlingani wabo isikhathi eside, noma bahlala ngamaqembu amancane.
Abesilisa phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela bancintisana nabesifazane futhi bahlele izimpi ezingathi sína nezimbangi, bezijaha ngisho nasemhlabathini.
Ukuziphatha kokuzala kwamaphrotheni amakhulu aqaphile akuqondakali kahle.
Izidleke eziyindilinga zama-ratufs zakhiwa kusuka emaqabunga namahlumela bese ziwaqinisa emagatsheni amancanyana ukuze izisulu zingafiki emadolweni.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-squirrel amakhulu amaNdiya ahlala ndawonye ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28 kuye kwangama-35. Kulitha, njengomthetho, kukhona amawundlu owodwa noma amabili, kepha kwesinye isikhathi angaphezu kwama-amathathu azalwa.
I-ratufa yesifazane ingumama okhathalelayo futhi omnene, inakekela izingane zayo kuze kube yilapho ishiya isidleke bese ziqala ukudla zodwa.
Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi mangaki amarhata ahlala emvelweni. Ekuthunjweni, ama-squirrel amakhulu angaphila iminyaka engama-20.
Ngokwanda kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kulesi sifunda, uhla lwalesi silwane esihle luyaqhubeka ukuncipha.
Ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Natural, isimo samanje sabantu abaphila nezinhlobo zama squirrels aseduze sisengozini.
Ngo-1984, kwaqhamuka indawo yokugcina enkulu yase-Bhimashnakar endaweni yezwe elisentshonalanga ne-Indian Maharashtra, yasakazeka endaweni eyi-130 km². Ngenkathi kudalwa, abaphathi baseNdiya babeka umgomo oyinhloko - ukulondolozela izindawo ezihlala khona zamaqembu amakhulu aseNdiya.
Qaphela Lo mbhalo usebenzisa izithombe ezivela emithonjeni evulekile kwi-Intanethi, wonke amalungelo angababhali bawo, uma ukholelwa ukuthi ukushicilelwa kwanoma yisiphi isithombe kuphula amalungelo akho, ngicela ungithinte usebenzisa ifomu elisengxenyeni yokuxhumana nabo, isithombe sizosuswa ngokushesha.