UBelobrovik ungowomndeni wama-thrush. Yakha uhlobo lokudlekayo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Asia neYurophu. Lesi yisifunda esikhulu ukusuka e-Iceland siye empumalanga sidlula eScandinavia, enyakatho yePoland, eBelarus, amazwe aseBaltic, enyakatho yeRussia aze afike eChukotka. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, abamele lezi zinhlobo baqala ukuthola izidleke enyakatho ye-Ukraine naseningizimu yeGreenland. I-Autumn isikhathi sokufuduka. Izinyoni zindiza ziye enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, entshonalanga, ezindaweni eziphakathi neziseningizimu neYurophu. Ibanga lokufuduka lifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-6.5-7. Lolu hlobo lunezincazelo ezi-2.

Ukubukeka

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-20- 24. Amaphiko yi-33- cm cm. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-50-75 g. I-plumage inombala onsundu emuva, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imhlophe enezindawo ezimnyama ezinsundu. Isici esikhulu sokukhonjwa yizimpaphe ezibomvu ezinhlangothini. Izimpaphe ezimboze izimpiko zinombala ofanayo. Kudlula i-shrub emhlophe, enokhilimu edlula iso. Wanikeza le nhlobo igama. Abesilisa nabesilisa kuyafana, kodwa kwabesilisa iplamu inemibala ebukekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bashicilela izingoma ezimfushane, bese bashaya ikhwela endizeni.

Ukuzala

I-Redbrow iyaphithizela isidleke kuma-coniferous, ama-birch emahlathini nase-tundra. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Nest kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihlala ezindlekeni ezindala ezenziwe ngomumo. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala emhlabathini emasimini. Ngokuvamile, izidleke zenziwa ezihlahleni. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda amane kuya kwayi-6. Akuvamile ukuthi kube namaqanda ayi-7 noma ama-3.I-incubation ihlala izinsuku eziyi-12-13.

Uma isimo sezulu sivumelana, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokuzalela kungahle kube nemifantu emibili. Isikhathi se-clutch yesibili sifika lapho amachwane amadada wokuqala eshiya isidleke. Zibopha izinsuku eziyishumi nambili, zishiya isidleke futhi zihlale emhlabathini. Amachwane aselula kakhulu futhi amasonto amanye amabili aphethwe ngabazali bawo. Bathola amandla endiza, kepha ekuqaleni bandiza emoyeni kuphela uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Ngenyanga yesibili yokuphila, bazimela ngokuphelele. Ukufuduka kwe-Autumn kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Lezi zinyoni zibekezelela kahle isimo sezulu esibandayo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, bachitha okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6. I-Whitebrower ithanda ukuhlala e-thrush emahlathini angajulile we-birch ngamahlumela we-spruce. Uthanda izindawo ezikhanyayo ezinamakhasi esihlahla samachibi nephuli. Uzama ukugwema ama-pine amnyama nehlathi lama-spruce. Uhamba phansi ngezinyawo nangezinyawo. Ukudla kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Lezi izinambuzane kanye neminyundu yomhlaba unyaka wonke, futhi ekwindla nasebusika, amajikijolo, ikakhulukazi umlotha osezintabeni kanye ne-hawthorn, angengeza.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni lezi ilinganiselwa kumamitha ayi-10 million. km Cishe ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-40 abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala kule ndawo kuphela eYurophu. Isibalo sonke sifinyelela ezigidini eziyi-150. Kepha, yize kunesibalo esikhulu kangako, izixuku ezinde ezimnyama zinesimo esiseduze nokusongelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyo yonke iminyaka eyi-10 inani labo eliphelele lehliswa ngama-30%. Ukufa okuphezulu akubangelwa nje kuphela ngokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, kodwa futhi nobusika obunzima kanye nehlobo elibandayo nelimanzi, okuthinta kabi ukuzala.

Ibrowbrow engamelana neqhwa: amaqiniso nezithombe

Le nyoni enomhlotshana omhlophe yiyona emele kunazo zonke izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-thrus, ifinyelela ku-22 cm ubude, inesisindo esingama-60 g. Abantu babiza le nyoni ngokuthi yi-thrush egcotshwe ngomhlophe, i-thrush emnyama noma i-walnut thrush. Le nyoni ihlukile kune-thrush evamile hhayi ngosayizi wayo omncane, kodwa nangombala.

Ngasemuva kukhona i-plumage yomnqumo-onsundu, isifuba sikhanyayo ngamabala amnyama. Imicengezi nemikhawulo yamaphiko kungumbala wewolintshi omnyama ngombala, futhi ngenxa yomucu wokukhanya ngaphezu kwamehlo lo mbala unegama lawo. Abesifazane bacacile kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Walnut Thrush

Lezi zinyoni zihlala futhi zidleke endaweni eseNyakatho Yurophu nase-Asia, kanye naseHimalaya, ebusika zithuthela ngaseningizimu ziya ezifundeni zase-Afrika.

Belobrovik (Turdus iliacus).

Ngokusho kokuphawulwa kwe-ornithologists, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ama-browbrowers ayebhekwa njengezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, kwakuqabukela ehlangana epaki. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zaqala ukwanda kungazelelwe futhi ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha zaqala ukwanda izindawo ezithule nezingenamuntu.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Beaverbird

AmaBelobroviks awawesabi amakhaza. Lezi ziklabhu ezimnyama zindiza ngaphambili, futhi kamuva zonke zindiza ziye kumasayithi ezidleke. Njengomthetho, ukuqala kwezixuku zokuhlala kwezidleke kuwela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi kuphele ngoMeyi.

I-beaver thrush ithanda ukugcwala amapaki amadolobha, amahlathi amancanyana aqinile, izindawo ezigqamile, embozwe ngotshani nezihlahlana, eduze namachibi. Ngeke uzithole lezi zinyoni ehlane elimnyama noma ehlathini likaphayini. Kodwa-ke, ama-felts angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni ezinezinwele zithuthukisa kalula izindawo ezintsha, zingahlala ngokwahlukana ekuqaleni, kamuva, zenze amaqembu amancane, bese kuthi ezinye izihlobo "zidonse phezulu", bese ama-browgulu endiza aye endaweni ayithandayo njengemindeni yonke.

Izidleke ezibomvu ezibomvu ezithweni zotshani, kude namehlo angenasidingo.

Amakhono we-Thrush Vocal

Amandla okucula kwezinsizwa ezisencane avela eminyakeni emibili nesigamu, yize kunzima ukuyibiza ngamagama, yonke imisindo ekhanyayo nethambile imane nje iyisiqalo sokugcotshwa okuzayo.

UBelobroviki uthanda ukucula ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Izindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni

Indawo okuhlalwa kuyo i-beaver iseNyakatho Yurophu nase-Asiya, kepha ebusika iyakwazi ukundiza i-Afrika. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwaqala ukuvela eRussia ngamanani amakhulu.

I-red-brows brush ayibonakali njalo ezindaweni ezimnyama, amahlathi amakhulu awakhe. Le nyoni ihlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, emahlathini amancane, emapaki, ezindaweni ezinamabhasi notshani.

Lezi yizinyoni ezivimbela isithwathwa: ukundiza kuqala kunezinye izinyoni bese kamuva zindiza zisuka endaweni yezidleke (zingabonakala eRussia ngasekupheleni kukaMashi).

Izimpukane zibomvu ngamaqembu amancane ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, kepha ezinye izinyoni zihlala isikhathi eside. Isizathu salokhu ukuba khona kwesitshalo esiningi se-rowan. Ukuba khona kokudla kungasiza inyoni ebusika kule ndawo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kugcina kusondelene nomuntu kanye nomthombo wokudla.

Ukungathobeki kwalabo abaphethwe kabusha obomvu kuyabavumela ukuba bazivumelanise nezimo ezahlukahlukene zezemvelo: bahlala kahle izindawo ezintsha, bahlala lapho bodwa, kamuva ezinye izihlobo zabo zibajoyina.

Zingahlala emhlambini omkhulu futhi zihlangane nezinye izinhlobo zokukhishwa. Izidleke zazo zingatholakala ziphansi ngaphezu komhlaba ezihlahleni ezincane, emithini naseziqu. Lesi sakhiwo siqukethe amagatsha omile abanjelwe ndawonye.

Ngokuxhumana nomunye, baxwayisa izihlobo zabo ngengozi noma ukunqwabelana kokudla. I-Whitebrowd thrush, njengeningi lezihlobo zayo, ayizinikezeli isidleke sayo ngaphandle kokulwa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kuhlaselwe inyamazane, amnyama aqoqana emhlambini futhi ahlasele, okuholela ukuthi isitha abaleke.

Ngabe uBelobrovik udlani?

Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywe ngokubomvu akuhlukile kakhulu ekudleni kwabamele ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Esikhathini esihle, zondla izibungu, iminenke, ama-arthropods amancane, njll.

Ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe, kusetshenziswa iNereis (izibungu), ama-amphipods, ama-mollusks amancane asolwandle. Isikhathi sonke, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe amajikijolo, njenge-blueberries, i-lingonberry, i-bird cherry, i-crowberry.

Bondla izingane zabo ngendlela ekhethekile. Uma ezinye izinyoni zondla inkukhu ngayinye ngokwahlukana, kuma-brown, izinhlobo eziningana zomhlume ezilethwe uqhwaku zisatshalaliswa ngqo esidlekeni.

Ukwakhiwa kwezidleke kuqala ngo-Ephreli, kuthi ngemuva kwesonto kubekwe amaqanda okuqala (izingcezu ezi-3-4). Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-browindows aqaphela kakhulu: azama ukufihla isidleke sabo ukuze singabonakali.

Ngemuva kwemaviki lamabili ngemuva kwekutalwa, emacandza aqala ukuphuma esidlekeni bese ahamba emhlabatsini. Banomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu, futhi bengazi nokuthi bangandiza kanjani, bangahamba ibanga elide ukusuka esidlekeni. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izingane azilahleki, ngoba abazali abanakekelayo abazishiyi umzuzu futhi zikhombise izindlela zokuhamba.

Kamuva, amaphuphu ayazi kahle indlela yokundiza, kodwa lezi zinyoni zihamba kancane, kuphela lapho kuba nengozi. Ngemuva kokusuka kwamachwane okuqala, insikazi ingahle ibe nemifantu.

Zonke izinyoni zomndeni wama-thrush zihlakaniphile futhi ziyafunda ngokushesha. Lapho eke wabhekana nanoma iyiphi inkinga, iBelobrovik ngeke iwele induku efanayo yokudoba ngokwesibili.

Ngabe le nyoni iyakwazi ukucula?

Yize ukucula kwezinsundu kungafaniswa ne-nightingale trill, ama-browbrowers angena kwenye yezindawo zokugcina kulolu hlobo. Ingoma yabo iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezahlukene.

Ingxenye yokuqala ifana nekhwela futhi idlula ngisho noxhaxha lwengoma, kodwa le yesibili lingezwakali nje kuphela kude nomculi: lincane-melodious futhi lifana ne-twitter.

I-Belobroviks ingagcinwa ekudingisweni, kepha kumnandi kakhulu ukulalela nokubuka izidalwa ezinhle emvelweni, ikakhulukazi njengoba le nyoni ifakwe ku-Red Book yamazwe amaningi.