Igama lesi Latin: | I-Limnocryptes minimus |
Isigcawu: | I-Charadriiformes |
Umndeni: | Snipe |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. I-sandpiper encane, usayizi wezinkanyezi, ezinemilenze emifushane nefushane. Iminwe yinde. Izimpaphe ohlangothini lwe-dorsal zipendwe ngendlela ehlelekile ngombala oluhlaza oqinile. Akukho mehluko weminyaka nonyaka ngombala weplamu. Abesilisa nabesifazane abafani ngemibala. Ubude bomzimba 19–23 cm, amaphiko angama-35-42 cm, isisindo esingu-35-90 g.
Incazelo. Umbala wohlangothi lwe-dorsal lomzimba wezinyoni ezindala uvame ukuba mnyama ngombala oluhlaza okotshani nobomvu kanye nemivimbo emide ebanzi ebanzi. I-cap emnyama ekhanda ngaphandle kwebhande le-Median elikhanyayo, ngokungafani ne-snipe, ishiya elicishe kabili lokukhanya, elihlukaniswe umucu omude obude. Umphimbo umhlophe, intamo ingaphandle futhi i-lateral, indawo ye-goiter, ingaphandle lesifuba kanye nezinhlangothi zomzimba zivuthisiwe zinezindawo ezinombala onsundu nemingcele emhlophe ezimpaphe. Maphakathi nesifuba esingezansi nesisu simhlophe. Izimpiko zibukhali kepha zibanzi. Phansi kwendawo ephansi yephiko kukhona ibala elimhlophe, elisesimweni esihlukile kuneso leso snipe, izimpaphe ze-axillary zimhlophe. Umugqa omfishane omhlophe ugijimela phezulu kwephiko, umucu omhlophe obanzi ngaphansi kwephiko, ezisekelweni zalo.
Umsila uqukethe izimpaphe zomsila eziyi-12, ezimise ngokugqamile, umsila ophakathi mude kakhulu kunamanye. Izimpaphe ezingaphakathi emsileni zimnyama ngomngcele obomvu obomvu, izimpaphe zomsila osele zinsundu ngombala omnyama ophethini. Uthingo lumnyama onsundu. Uqhwaku lunsundu omnyama, onesihlwathi esimnyama nesiqalo esimnyama somphuzi onsundu. Imilenze ingumbala onsundu ekwindla nasebusika, nsundu ngombala ehlobo. Ipulazi elisezansi liyi-chocolate-chestnut ngaphezulu elinombala omnyama ngaphansi kwezimpaphe kanye nocezu olunesihlotshana esincane esimhlophe emikhawulweni yezimpaphe ekhanda, entanyeni, ngaphambili nangemuva. Maphakathi umqhele wekhanda, ingemuva lekhanda, nobucwebe kusuka kusisekelo sogongolo kuya komqhele wekhanda kumnyama, ngamathiphu abomvu namhlophe ama-fluffs. Umugqa omhlophe udlula usuka oqhweni uye esweni futhi ngaphezu kwawo, ngaphansi kwalo u-frenulum umucu onombala onsundu, futhi ngaphansi kwawo, uye endlebeni - umhlophe. Isikhala simdaka ngombala onsundu, sinamabele nezihlakala ezimhlophe zama-fluffs. Phansi kubi, kubumnyama phansi kwesigaxa somphimbo. Izisekelo zezimpaphe ezisesiswini zine-grey grey.
Ihluke kuzo zonke izinyoka ngobukhulu obuncane, umlomo omfishane, umbala omnyama womqhele ngaphandle komucu okhanyayo, isigaxa esikhanyayo esiphindwe kabili esihlukaniswe ngumucu omude omude, umsila onsundu omnyama ongahlukani nomhlophe ngaphandle kwezimpaphe ezigobayo, onsomi nopende we-violet ku-plumage emnyama emuva.
Izwi. Inyoni ethule kakhulu. Lapho wesaba, indiza ihambe buthule. Ngesikhathi sendiza yamanje, owesilisa wenza imisindo engafani nalokhu, ekhumbuza ukushayisana kwezinselo zamahhashi aginqika emhlabeni kanzima. Le misindo izwakala ibanga elingamamitha angama-700 ngesimo sezulu esipholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuphuma inani eliphakeme njengamanje, owesilisa ukhipha ukukhala okungezwakali okufana nokuthi "i-wack warrr, i-wack warrr". Ukukhala kwe-alamu eduze namachwane - ukububula okuthule kancanyana.
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Izinhlobo ze-Euro-Asia, indawo esidlekayo esukela eNhlonhlweni yeScandinavia iye emlonyeni woMfula iKolyma. Uhlobo luhanjiswa enyakatho, okungenani emngceleni osenyakatho wesizinda se-tundra ejwayelekile, kanti umngcele oseningizimu yebanga unzima kakhulu ukuwuveza. Ingxenye eseningizimu yebanga iyisistimu yokugxila engayodwa eboshelwe ezinkungwini ezinkulu zamaswall zone zone. E-Russia yase-Europe, izidleke zegalikhi zidla kusuka kumaxhaphozi aseningizimu yeTver, Yaroslavl naseKirov esifundeni esisenyakatho ye-shrub tundra. Izindawo zobusika zitholakala eningizimu yeScandinavia, eDenmark, eGreat Britain, eningizimu yeFrance neSpain, enyakatho nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, eningizimu yeCaspian, eMesopotamia, ePakistan, eNdiya nasemazweni aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Indlela yokuphila. Baqala indlela yokuphila bebodwa, bangahlangana ezindaweni zokudla ekwindla, kepha baziphatha ngokwahlukana kule "makhaza" anjalo. Zindiza ezindlekeni ezidlekayo eTundra nasehlathini-tundra ekuqaleni kukaJuni, eTaiga, ngokusobala, ngandlela thile phambilini. Izimbuzi ezihlobisa ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwahlukanisa izinyoni zasendaweni nezinyoni ezifudukayo. Izinsikazi ezihlotshisiwe ziqala ukukhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika, azinazo izindawo ezivikelekile futhi zigeleza ezindaweni ezinamakhilomitha-skwele ambalwa. Ngesikhathi sokufaka, ukuhlobisa kukhuphuka kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-100, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyibona ngisho nama-binoculars, okuthi ngemuva kwalokho ihudule ngokushesha endleleni evulekile, yenze imisindo yayo evele khona, kuthi lapho ishiya iphezulu, indize kakhulu, iphinde ikhiphe ukukhala "i-wack warrr, i-wack warrr».
Yonke imisindo ngesikhathi samanje ikhishwa yizwi, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwezimpaphe eziphethe, ngokungafani neswipe. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo izintethe ziyindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu nezibabazekayo zamaxhaphozi, ama-bushy sedge noma ama-sedge-moss, anezitshalo ezinotshani eziphansi nezinqabile futhi ezicindezelwe, izihlahlana ezinogqinsi, amahlathi emvula agcwele amanzi anezihlahla ezivulekile zotshani. Isidleke sivame ukuhlela ngenhla kwesixhaxu sedge esicaba esizungezwe amanzi, noma phakathi komgwaqo osendaweni yakamakhelwane, noma phakathi kwesihlahla somile, noma esiphakathi esomile. Kungumgodi ongashoni oboshwe ngemfucumfucu yamaqabunga e-sedge, imvamisa nge-tray emanzi. Ku-clutch, njengomthetho, i-4, noma kukhona amaqanda ama-3. Isendlalelo esiyinhloko sombala wegobolondo siyahlukahluka kusuka ekufipheni okuphuzi kuya kwinsundu yomnqumo ngotshani obuncane obumnyama noma obomvana ngokubomvu, noma amabala ansundu ahlukile.
Amaqanda makhulu ngokulingana, acishe afane neswipe evamile, yize ubukhulu benyoni ngokwayo bukhulu kakhulu. Owesifazane kuphela ofakayo, isikhathi sokufakwa, ngokusho kwababhali abahlukahlukene, kuyizinsuku ezingama-24- 26, ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu eziphikisayo, lesi sikhathi singabambezeleka kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Insikazi ihlala esidlekeni ngokungajwayelekile futhi ihlala indiza ngaphansi kwezinyawo zayo. Ngokusobala, insikazi kuphela ehola amachwane. Isikhathi sokunakekelwa kwezingane asicaciswanga, kanye nobudala bokunyuka kwezinyoni ezincane ephikweni.
Idla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zasemhlabeni nezamanzi amhlophe nezibungu zawo, ama-mollusks amancane kanye nezibungu, ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwalolu hlobo kunezinhlobo zezithelo nezithelo zezitshalo (chytons, reed, buttercups, sedges, berry bush) ngesikhathi sokufuduka. I-forage iqoqa ingaphezulu komhlaba, futhi ukusuka kungaphezulu lwenhlabathi ethambile, ngokuyinhloko islayidi.
Incazelo Nezici
IGarshnep iyinyoni encane yomndeni wakwaBekasov, ofana nendlunkulu. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni bungafinyelela ku-20 cm, isisindo esijwayelekile singama-20-30 g, isibonakaliso “esikhulu kunazo zonke” asidluli ngama-43 g. Ubukhulu obuncane benyoni bukwenza kube indondo yokufisa emidlalweni yabazingeli.
Ihloba lihlala endaweni enamakhaza, lapho lihamba khona ngemilenze emifushane. Uqhwaku olude, olufinyelela kubude obuyi-3-4 cm, luphula konke ukulingana kwesakhiwo somzimba. Lokhu kufinyelela ku-30% wobude bomzimba.
I-plumage inombala ongathandeki, ongashintshi unyaka wonke. Iphethini ngokwayo ibukeka ivumelanayo futhi iyindlela yokushintshana ngemivimbo ekhanyayo ephuzi nemnyama. Edongeni, kuqhamuka ekhanda uqobo, kukhona umucu ophuzi oluhlaza ohlukanisa umzimba ngezihloka ezimbili.
Izimpaphe zekhanda zimnyama ngombala namabala amancane aphuzi. Kubukeka sengathi kufakwe isigqoko ekhanda lakhe. Phakathi kokumiswa okuphezulu kokukhanya kudlula umucu omnyama. I-plumage iphela ngomngcele omnyama. UGarshnep uthanda ukubuyisa intamo yakhe. Kubukeka sengathi ikhanda alinayo intamo futhi linamathela ngqo emzimbeni.
Isifuba esingezansi nesisu simhlophe. Eyela ezinhlangothini ezinhlangothini, umbala uba fawn. Eduze nomsila, umbala uba mnyama, kuwo kanye umnyombo, sekumnyama ngombala onsomi. Umsila unezimpaphe ezingama-12 ezinjengemishado ezisebenza ngokuqondisa. Umbhangqwana ophakathi umude kunawo wonke futhi unombala omnyama. Izimpaphe ezi-brown ezinephethini ebomvu.
Le nyoni ivila impela, indiza kuphela uma kunesidingo. Ukuhamba kwamaphiko kufana nokundiza kwamalulwane. I-Garnet anganamahloni. Noma imuphi umsindo ongashwampuluzi ongasabeki awubangeli inyoni.
Ngengozi esezayo, utadisha isikhathi eside avele ngaphansi kwezinyawo zomzingeli. Kukhona okwanele emoyeni ukushintsha indawo. Konke lokhu kwenziwa kuthule ngokuphelele. IGarshnep iyinyoni ethule, futhi izwi layo lingezwakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala.
IGarshnep iyinyoni enomusa owodwa futhi ayinazo izinkokhelo. Ngokubukeka, kuyafana nezinye izihlobo ezivela emndenini omkhulu we-snipe. Ukufana okuningi kubonwa ngombala wempaphe ngemibala yethango lehlathi. Garshnepa esithombeni abanye badidekile naye.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwazo, lezi zinyoni zinephethini elivamile nelinokuziphatha. Bobabili abameleli bathande ukubuyisa intamo, kungathi kufihlekile enanini lamabele. Kubukeka sengathi izinyoni azinayo nhlobo, futhi ikhanda liphuma ngokushesha emzimbeni.
Ukuphila nendlela yokuphila
- Kuyajabulisa ukwazi iqiniso elimangalisayo, abantu ababhekwayo bahlala kuphela kuma-sphagnum naseziwombeni ezinotshani. Kusendaweni enjalo izihlahla zemfucumfucu zingacasha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobungozi nezitha. Izinyoni ezimelwe zingabantu abangafuduki nabafudukayo.
- Ngesikhathi sokuthengwa kokudla, izinyoni zasogwini zihamba ezindaweni ngezindawo. Lapho nje isikhathi sokufuduka siqala, izinyoni ziya ogwini olunosilika lwezindawo zokuphumula ezolile. E-Russian Federation, laba bantu bavame ukutholakala ezifundeni zaseTver, Yaroslavl naseKirov.
- Indawo yokuhlala yabantu iyahlukahluka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kuleli cala, izinyoni zizama izidleke zodwa. Abantu ababhekwayo bathanda izifunda ezisenyakatho. Kukulezo zindawo lapho izinhlobo zivame kakhulu khona.
- Lapho nje kufika inkathi ebandayo, izinyoni ezinjalo ziqala ukuthuthela eSpain, Mesopotamia, eFrance nase-Afrika. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iningi labantu bakhetha ukuhlala eNhlonhlo yeScandinavia. Imvamisa abantu bahlala emlonyeni weKolyma.
- Kusendaweni emelwe ukuthi ubuningi balezi zinhlobo bukhula kakhulu. Ngeshwa, eJapan kunesithombe esihlukile ngokuphelele. Ezweni elangeni elikhuphukayo, inani lezinyoni liyancipha kakhulu.
Umsoco
- Ungakhohlwa ukuthi abantu okukhulunywa ngabo bancane kakhulu ngosayizi. Kungakho izinyoni zidla amaxhoba amancane kakhulu. Isisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni sifaka zonke izinhlobo zezibungu, izinambuzane, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crustaceans.
Iqiniso elimangazayo ukuthi izwi labantu abathile okukhulunywa ngabo lizwakala buqamama nesiqingatha sekhilomitha. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo ziqala imidlalo yokuzalela ngezinsuku ezinamafu nezinokuthula. Imibhangqwana iqala ukukhuphuka emoyeni, yenze bobunjwa obuhlukahlukene.
Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane
Isidleke sikagalikhi sidlekelwa ekuphethweni kweSifunda SaseScandinavia nasemlanjeni woMfula iKolyma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokuqoqeka kwemhlambi ngamunye ebalazweni lendawo zimfushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umngcele oseningizimu wokuhlala kwezinhlobo uqukethe izindawo zokuhlala ezingabodwa.
E-Russia, le nhlobo izidleke kumaxhaphozi ama-taiga. Le ndawo: Yaroslavl, Kirov, Tver. Ubusika, inyoni ye-garnet indiza iqonde eDenmark, eningizimu yeScandinavia, eFrance, eSpain, enyakatho ye-Afrika, emazweni aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, neMesopotamia.
Kuyo yonke imithombo ye-ornithological ungathola izithombe zale nyoni. Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokuyihlukanisa kwabanye abamele. Isibonakaliso sokuqala ukuthula.
Impela, inyoni ye-garnet ayithandi ukucula noma i-titter, njengoba kwenza abanye abameleli. Noma kwenzeka ingozi, indiza ihambe buthule. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa endizeni bangenza imisindo yezithulu kuphela, ethize, njengokugcona noma ukuqumba.
Indlela yokuphila yezinyoni crab nesithombe
Ukuthula kwezinyoni kuboniswa ngendlela yokuphila ecashile. Kungakho, le nhlobo ibhekwa njengokuncane okufundwe ngayo. Into eyodwa iyaziwa, le nyoni iyathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamamachibi, amachibi, ambozwe ngokucebile ngomhlanga womfula.
Ehlobo, i-cowsnake idla izinambuzane nezibungu; ebusika, isisekelo sokudla yimbewu ye-carrion.
Mayelana nokuzalela
Ukubekwa kweqanda okujwayelekile kwale nyoni ku-4-5 ama-pcs. Le nkathi, ehlanganisa inkathi yokuzalela, iqala ngoFebhuwari futhi iphetha ngo-Ephreli. I-garlicnake indiza ubusika ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Ukuzingela amagalaji entwasahlobo akuvunyelwe, kepha kungenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuweni ekuqaleni kwawo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, le nyoni ayinayo imvelo yokuzilondolozela futhi indiza iqonde ngqo ngaphansi kwempumulo yenja yokuzingela.
Ukwazi ukuvumela umuntu okonile akude naye. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukudoba akwethuli noma yiziphi izithiyo ezithile, kepha uma kunesimo sezulu esinamandla kungaba yimpumelelo. Ngokunambitheka, inyama ehlotshisiwe iphakeme kakhulu kunokuba ihlwenge.
Cishe konke okungashiwo ngale nyoni yomndeni wezinyoka yambozwa yile ndatshana. Isithombe esiphelele salo mmeleli singatholakala ngokushaya isithombe sakhe. Ugalikhi osesithombeni ubukeka efana nenyoni enesizungu futhi enesizotha, nayo ekhonjiswa ngomfanekiso wayo wokuziphatha.
Bukela ividiyo ukuthi ihlobisa kanjani i-garnish.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
I-garnet iyaphila ezindaweni ezimanzi ezinam marshy ezinotshalwe ngokuqinile ngotshani nezihlahla. Indawo ekahle lapho ungathola khona izidleke ezihlotshisiwe yi-swampy moss. Imvamisa, izinyoni ezisebenza isikhathi eside zitholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi noma ezindaweni lapho izihlahla zazigawulwa khona eduze kwemifula namachibi. Kulokhu, imifino kufanele ibole, icindezelwe. Indawo eyintandokazi yi-birch grove, lapho iziqu zezihlahla zigcwele amanzi.
Lo mmeleli usebenza ezinhlotsheni ezifudukayo. Izindawo lapho ungahlangana khona uhlobise yizingxenye ezisenyakatho zomhlaba. Lapho kufika ihlobo, zidlula esifundeni saseScandinavia, taiga, tundra kanye nehlathi-tundra. Izindawo eziphambili zokuhlala ezifundeni zaseTver, Kirov, Yaroslavl. Imvamisa bekubonwa ezifundeni zaseLeningrad naseSmolensk. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zingamabhange angenamifula yemifula namachibi.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, isihlobo se-snipe siya ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, eSpain, eFrance, eCentral naseNingizimu Melika, ngakho-ke, iMesopotamia Garshnep ayithandi ukugcwala kwezinyoni eziningi. Kungaleso sikhathi samanje kuphela lapho kungahlukaniswa khona kube mhlambi omncane.
Uqala indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, lapho kuqala ukuhwalala uqala ukusebenza ngokuthungatha efuna ukudla. Imenyu yayo iqukethe izibungu, izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-mollusks. Ngomlomo wayo omude, u-garlicnose uwakhipha emhlabathini. Ama-Ornithologists awakufundisanga ngokwanele ukusebenza kokuhlobisa ngenxa yemfihlo.
Izindawo ezithandekayo zokuhlala zihlala amaxhaphozi, ama-hummocks. Ukuhlobisa kusabela okuncane kubazingeli noma kubantu. Kusemzuzwini kuphela lapho ingozi enkulu kakhulu isuka endaweni yokundiza phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba nomhlaba okukude. Ngasikhathi sinye, indiza ihamba kancane, kube sengathi iyajuluka.
Hlobisa incazelo
Njengoba sekushiwo, le nyoni inosayizi omncane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wayo. Ubude oburekhodwe kakhulu obuphakathi nesiqalo soqhwaku kuya emsileni babungamasentimitha angama-25, kepha kaningi ngamasentimitha ayi-17 - 20. Isisindo somzimba futhi sincane - kufinyelela ku-60 amagremu. Uma sithatha ubude bephiko njengobubanzi, singasho ukuthi ububanzi begarnet budebude nobude, okungaba amasentimitha angama-37. Uma ubheka ubukhulu bomzimba bese uziqhathanisa nezinye izinyoni ezivela ku-snipe, kuyacaca ukuthi uqhwaku alude kangako. Awudluli ngamasentimitha angama-4 ubude, okulingana cishe nobude bekhanda lonke. Izimpaphe ezisemsileni zihlanganiswa zibe yi-wedge, imilenze yinde kepha igobile lapho ihlanganisiwe. Umzimba ufana ne-oval, eyehlisiwe, eminyene.
Kunokwehluka nezimpawu ezikhethekile ngombala wezimpaphe. Into yokuqala okufanele unake ngayo ukuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa kokukhanya maphakathi nekhanda.Nasi isigaxa esimnyama esiqhubekayo esiya emuva. I-arch ephakeme imhlophe, ihlukaniswe phakathi kwesikhungo ngumugqa omnyama - lesi isici esingahlukanisi bonke abantu. Isifuba nokudluliselwa esiswini kumhlophe, emuva nesifunda ngaphezulu komsila, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zimnyama. Kwezinye izindawo, amaplamu amnyama aphonsa umbala we-lilac. Ngasemuva, ngaphezulu kwamaphiko, kunemivimbo emibili egqamile, kepha ayinamhlophe, kepha inika okuluhlaza okuluhlaza. Izimpaphe zinephimbo elibomvu nelinsundu, imivimbo emhlophe ilandela amaphiko. Imilenze inombala onsundu noma iluhlaza okotshani. Uqhwaku lumnyama, ukuguquka kuya ekhanda kuqokonyiswa ngomngcele okhanyayo. Amehlo amnyama ngokuphelele, akhiwe maphakathi nekhanda kude nelinye. Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi igalikhi iyinyoni ebabayo kakhulu, inyoni enhle.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi okungenani oyedwa we-ornithologist othembekile angasho ukuthi ufunde ukuhlobisa futhi wazi konke ngaye. Akusikhona ukuthi lesi sidalwa esinemibala nje siyimfihlo kakhulu, sikwazile ukungena encwadini ebomvu ezifundeni eziningi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uhlangane naye uhamba emaphethelweni ehlathi. Kepha ukubukwa nokuhlolwa okuhlala isikhathi eside kunika abantu abathakazelayo imininingwane eyanele ngezindawo ezakhiwe yile nyoni.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngempilo, enamakhanda khetha izindawo ezimanzi, kodwa hhayi imifula namachibi. Le ndawo yi-marshland noma eye-steppe eduzane nemabheshi. Qiniseka ukuthi unemifino ngesimo sotshani obukhulu, i-moss, izihlahlana. Lapho, ukuhlobisa kudala izidleke nokucasha ezingozini. Ngaphezu kwamaxhaphozi, lihlala ekuqunjweni kwamahlathi noma emaceleni ehlathi, kepha kuyadingeka umswakama, okusho ukuthi kufanele kube khona ichibi eliseduze. Isimo umhlaba ahlala kuso asikhuphuki ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2000 ukusuka olwandle.
Inyoni kadoti iyinhlobo efudukayo ebukela ubusika iye emazweni afudumele nezifunda zomhlaba. Ngenkathi efudumele, ivela eScandinavia uqobo, okungukuthi, isuka enyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu, iye ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga zeSiberia, eduze naseYenisei. E-Russia, kuhlala isifunda iTver, Kirov, Leningrad, Smolensk neYaroslavl. Akukhiqizwanga ubukhona kwezinye izindawo, kepha akunakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ngalokhu. Wayehlala kwezinye izindawo eLatvia, e-Estonia, eBelarus, eJapan. Ngokubusika, izinhlobo zihamba ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eSpain, eFrance, enkabeni naseningizimu ye-Asia, e-Afrika naseMesopotamia. Lapho, ukhetha izindawo ezingakude nolwandle, lapho kunomoya ofudumele futhi omswakama.
Ngabe idlani inyoni?
Ukudla kokuhlobisa kunqunywa kakhulu yindawo lapho kuhlalwa khona. Konke okudingekayo kutholakala eduzane nendawo yokugcina amanzi, enhlabathini enezikhukhula, futhi awudingi ukuya ndawo.
Ekudla, ukuhlobisa kukhetha imenyu yezilwane. Kungaba:
- izinambuzane ezincane.
- midges, izimbungulu.
- ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks.
- izicabucabu.
- izibungu, izibungu, iminenke.
- igazi, uvemvane.
Lapho efuna inyamazane, wehlisela uqhwaku lwayo ngaphansi kwamanzi, esigxotsheni, ayifaka emhlabathini noma esihlabathini, futhi angakwazi ngisho nokuntywila ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Njengenye indlela yokudla kwezilwane, ezinye izitshalo zemashi, udaka, umhlanga, amahashe, amakhambi, ulwelwe nembewu isebenza njengezilwane. Ungakuthola konke ngaphandle kokushiya kude nesidleke. Indawo ayigcini ngokufihla izinyoni ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi izinika nokudla okufinyeleleka kalula.
Inyoni yegalikhi iyivilapha kakhulu, phakathi nosuku ithanda ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, isuswa kuphela lapho ifuna ukudla. Kusebenza kakhulu ebusuku nasezikhathini zezingozi. Yini ephawuleka, ayinaki indlela yezilwane nabantu, aze asondele kumamitha ambalwa. Yilapho-ke kuphela lapho umuntu esuka khona. Indiza ifana nokuhamba kwebhu emoyeni. Ukunyakaza akusheshi, ukusonteka, ukuqina.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Kusukela ubusika benyosi ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, akukho okuyivimba ekuqhubeni imidlalo yokuzalela. Bona, kanye nokukhiqizwa kabusha, badlula engxenyeni yesibili kaFebhuwari ukuya ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zomndeni, i-garshnepa iyatholakala njengamanje. Inqubo yenzeka ebusuku futhi kusihlwa, kuhambisane nokucula okukhulu, izindiza eziqondisiwe. Owesilisa, ekhombisa ibanga lakhe, uthatha indawo ephakeme ngamamitha angamakhulu amabili, kancane kancane asuka kulokhu okukhona. Ukwehla kwenzeka ngokushesha, kepha inyoni ayishoni phansi, kepha yehlela endaweni evulekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ijika elilandelayo lendiza lihambisana nomsindo oyingqayizivele, ukukhumbuza ukushaywa kwehhashi lehhashi ematsheni. Umsindo uhlangana ube nguchungechunge futhi uphindwa kuze kube kathathu ekwehleni okukodwa. Njengoba sehle uphawu lwamamitha angama-30, owesilisa uphinda isenzo sonke kusukela ekuqaleni, noma uhlala emagatsheni esihlahla. Ingoma yokuhlobisa engafani nezwi ingazwakala ibanga elingafika kumamitha ayi-500, ezimeni zesikhala samahhala nokuzola nxazonke.
Lapho owesimame esekhethile, kwakhiwa umbhangqwana, ozohamba uyokhetha indawo lapho isidleke sibekwe khona. Isidleke sakhiwa emhlabathini othambile lapho kuqhuma khona umgodi. Utshani obomile noma obomile bubekwe phansi. Eduzane kukhona i-sedge, noma utshani obomile obunamakhasi. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch lisuka kwezingcezu ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5, okuyisilinganiso esiningi enyoni encane kangako. Isimo seqanda sakhiwe ngopende, sinombala onsundu phezulu futhi kumnyama phansi, kubekiwe phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi ubukhulu beqanda bufika kumasentimitha amane, kepha lokhu kuyinto eyehlukile, imvamisa leli nani alikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amathathu.
Isikhathi sokufakwa kwezinsuku ziyizinsuku ezingama-23- 27, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwenyanga. Insikazi izonda amaqanda. Ukuthi amantshontsho akhula kanjani akaziwa. Ososayensi bancoma ukuthi bangene ephikweni ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu eminyaka. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukudla bodwa, bafuna ukudla okukude nesidleke. Abesifazane nabesifazane bavikela inzalo, qapha ukuphepha. Lapho amachwane ephenduka isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga ubudala, isisindo somzimba wawo cishe silingana nomzali.
Izingozi Nezitha
Izitha zodoti zingaba yisiphi isilwane noma inyoni ethanda ukudla inyama. Izici ezihlelekile zomzimba nosayizi bawo azenzi lezi zinhlobo zifanelekele izimbangi zazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphela kwendlela yokuphunyuka ukuqaphela ingozi ngesikhathi futhi ucashe kahle. Ngokufihla inyoni, konke kuhamba kahle. Ubukhulu obuncane nombala ofanelekile kuyenza ingabonakali otshanini, emahlahleni. Kwanele ukumba emhlabathini futhi uqholwe. Kepha nakhu ukunakwa kwezinkinga zezihlahla zodoti. Ngokuvamile akabanaki abantu abangabazi abasondelayo, udla ngaphandle kusuka ngaphansi kwezinyawo noma izidladla zezivakashi ezingamenyiwe. Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, izimpungushe ezizingela izinyoni, ama-martens, amakati asendle, amagwababa, ama-falcons, amatshe omsila nabanye. Amaqanda futhi asebenza njengesihego kwezinye izilwane.
Kepha abazingeli, lapha inyoni ayivikelekile hhayi ngemvelo kuphela, kepha futhi negatsha lomthetho. Kunemikhawulo eminingi kulabo abafuna ukudubula i-Harnish. Isibonelo, entwasahlobo awukwazi ukushaya izinyoni, kuvunyelwe kuphela ehlobo nasekwindla. Kepha udinga ukubheka ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi lapho le zinhlobo zitholakala khona, zibhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu bavumela izinja nabazingeli ukuba basondele kakhulu, imvamisa kufika kumamitha amabili, bese kuphela lapho bebaleka, kulula ukubadubula. Faka indiza ehamba kancane lapha. Isimo siguqulwa kancanyana komoya ophuma ngapha nangapha nomzimba omncane okunzima ukungena kuwona.
Ubuningi bezinhlobo buthinteka kabi ushintsho lwemvelo emvelweni. Lesi yisomiso kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ngenxa yokuthi amachibi asha, lapho izidleke zegalikhi zihlala khona. Lokhu kugawula futhi kwandise iziza zomhlaba, ukuhlalwa kwabo ngabantu noma ukuguqulwa kube ngamasimu okutshala.
Ukuvela kukagalikhi
Umbala walezi zinyoni awushintshi unyaka wonke. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda, kanye nesifunda se-occipital, imbozwe izimpaphe zombala omnyama onamabala abomvu, kusuka kude kubukeka sengathi inyoni ithwala isigqoko.
Imivimbo ekhanyayo iyabonakala ngemuva.
Imiphetho yalesi “sigcina sekhanda” ihlanganiswe umucu we-ocher okhanyayo, maphakathi lapho kufakwa khona umugqa omnyama. Ingxenye yangaphambili ine-tint ephuzi, maphakathi nebunzi kukhona umucu omnyama, obekwe eceleni. Ingxenye engenhla yentamo ipendiwe ngamathoni ansundu, phakathi kwawo kukhona amachashaza amnyama.
Igalikhi inombala omuhle wokufihla.
Imigqa ekhanyayo ibonakala kahle ngemuva. Le ndawo engenhla komsila imnyama ngombala onsomi; ingemuva elingaphansi linomthunzi ofanayo. Umphimbo umhlophe. Isifunda esiswini naso simhlophe.
Uqhwaku lumnyama futhi isisekelo sinsundu. Ama-paws ane-tint e-brown or greenish. Njengoba sekushiwo, ubukhulu balezi zinyoni buncane: isisindo somhlobiso wabantu abadala sisuka kumagremu angama-34 kuye kwangama-43, futhi ubude bomzimba bube amasentimitha ayi-10 - 12. Beak 3 - 4 cm, okungaba ngu-30% wobude bomzimba.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Uma siqhathanisa inani labantu balesi silwane nezinhlobo zomndeni wabo, sibona ngokushesha ukuthi lezi zinyoni zincanyana kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, ukuhlobisa kumane nje kunyamalale, kepha endaweni ethile abantu bazama ukugcina ukubukeka kwabo ngokukufaka ku-Red Book, bakha izindawo ezivikelwe nezimo zokuhlala ezinhle. Izinhlobo zingeniswe ku-Red Book of Belarus, Latvia, Estonia. E-Russia, banakekela nokuphepha kwayo. I-Europe kanye nomphakathi womhlaba bangene ngendlela ye-International Red Book.
Inyoni kadoti ayikubekezeleli ukugqilazwa, okusho ukuthi ukuhlala kwayo ekheji akunakwenzeka. Lapho iyayeka ukuphindaphindeka futhi ibune njalo. Ezinye izinyoni zikhulisa isikhathi sokuphila kwazo ngenxa yobugqila, zigcinwa futhi ziphephile ngokuphelele. Uhlobo olufanayo lukhetha ukuhlala endle. Leli gama alidluli iminyaka eyi-10, okuyisilinganiso esiningi enyoni encane kangako.
Ukunambitha kanye nezitsha zikagalikhi
Izitsha ezihlotshisiwe zinezakhiwo ezizuzayo zomzimba womuntu, impilo yazo kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe kwamavithamini abalulekile, amaminerali nezinto zenyama. Njenganoma iyiphi inyoni yasendle, lena inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, inyama enoshukela futhi ihamba kahle nezithako ezahlukahlukene. Kuhlanganiswa namajikijolo asendle, izithelo ezahlukahlukene, ubhontshisi, amantongomane, amakhowe. Isidumbu singathosiwa, sidluliselwe, sibhakwe, sipheke amasobho amnandi ngesisekelo saso.
Isibonelo sesitsha esimnandi esivela kulokhu esinemibala yizidumbu eziphekwe ngewayini elibomvu. Isidumbu senyoni sincane, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele lapho usilungiselela ukupheka. Uzodinga amagalikhi ayi-6, amajunipha kanye namajikijolo e-viburnum, ibhotela, usawoti, iwayini elibomvu. I-peel ayidingi ukususwa ukuze inyama ihlale inejusi. Kwanele ukushenxa isikhumba bese usikaza uginindela ngosawoti oxutshwe namajikijolo achotshoziwe. Ngemuva kwalokho isikhumba sibuyele endaweni yaso, isidumbu sisongwe ngentambo. Amafutha afakwa epanini lokuthosa elijulile futhi ancibilike. Ama-noodle wegalikhi afakwa lapho futhi athosiwe kuze kube yilapho isikhumba sibe segolide. Ngemuva kwalokho uthelwa iwayini, bese isitsha sikhwezwa imizuzu engama-20 ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphansi. Khonza ngokuhlanganiswa nelayisi elicekecekile nemifino emisha, enjenge-cherry utamatisi noma i-gherkins.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, amagalikhi aqoqwe emihlambi emincane. Bakhanga insikazi indize, iveze umsindo ofana nokushaywa kwamahloka. Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngoFebhuwari futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Lapho kuhlwa kusihlwa nasebusuku, iduna liya kumamitha angamakhulu amabili, lihambisane nendiza yalo elinomsindo omkhulu, ngenkathi lisakha iphethini elibonakalayo.
Yehla ngokushesha, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha, endaweni eyindilinga. Lapho indiza, yenza umsindo ongajwayelekile wokushayisana. Yonke imisindo ihlangana ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi sokuwohloka, ukuhlobisa kuphindaphinda "ama-trill" kuze kube kathathu.
Yehlela ebangeni le-30 m ukusuka emhlabathini, bese iphinda ibuye embuthanweni olandelayo, noma ihlale emagatsheni ezihlahla. Izwi lowesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzala liqinile impela, ungalizwa ibanga elingafika ku-500 m.
Owesifazane ukhetha umlingani. Lapho bobabili sebakhe, izinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke. Ihlelwe ngomgede womhlaba, onamapulangwe amahhashi nezindawo zemigwaqo eseduze nemifudlana. Isidleke ngokwaso sakhiwe kahle emgodini ukuze umswakama ungatholi. Engxenyeni engenhla yamakhonkco bambe umgodi, babeke imilova notshani obomile lapho.
Insikazi ikhiqiza amaqanda kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya maphakathi noJulayi. Inyoni eyodwa ikhiqiza amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu, ngalinye lize ngamasentimitha amathathu ngosayizi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izinkomba zifinyelela osayizi abangafika ku-4 cm. Ngokwesimo, amaqanda afana nethanga ngenhla ekhanyayo ngenhla kanye nephansi elimnyama elinamabala abomvu.
Yinsikazi kuphela ebandakanyekayo ekuzaleni. Uhlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezingama-23-27. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi, isikhathi singakhuphuka sifike ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, amaphuphu emva kwesonto lesithathu azama ukushiya isidleke azifunele ukudla. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amachwane afumana abazali bawo ngosayizi.
Hunt Hunt
Ekwindla sekwephuzile, iningi labamele iBekasov lishiya izixhaphozi. Umuthi nje omncane kadoti oyoletha injabulo yangempela ukuhamba nenja yakho ethandekayo ngokusebenzisa isixhanti futhi wanelise intshisekelo yezemidlalo yomzingeli.
Esixhaphozini, ugalikhi uzizwa ephephile. Akuwona wonke umzingeli onquma ukudlula ezindaweni ezinamanzi efuna inyamazane. Futhi izilwane azivamisile ukubheka ukubhukuda. Inyoni esemathangeni aminyene iyazihlelela indawo yokuhlala kanye nendawo yokuhlala endaweni eyodwa, lapha ithola ukudla.
IGarshnep ayindiza isikhathi eside. Okuningi kusemhlabathini, ngakho-ke asengozini yokuthola impukane yomzingeli. Ukuthatha ukuqala phansi bese ufika ngokushesha, kungaba yisisulu esisheshayo. Kuyathakazelisa inkukhu emnandi, ebhekwa njengento yobudlova.
Le nyoni iyaqabukela yenza imisindo futhi kunzima ukuyithola. Ungachitha isikhathi esiningi usesha, kepha awukwazi ukuthola umphumela. Ngokuzingela okuphumelelayo, kungcono ukuthola kubantu bendawo mayelana nokuba khona kwezinyoni endaweni ethile. Noma uchithe usuku noma ezimbili ukukhomba abamele izinyamazane endaweni okuhlosiwe kuyo.
Ngaphezu kwesibhamu se ukuzingela okuhlobise udinga ukuqoqa nge-binoculars. Le nyoni incane, ayifane ihambe, ekuphumuleni kwayo ihlangana ngokuphelele nesimo sendawo. Ama-binoculars azosiza ukutadisha umhlaba wesimo kahle futhi akhombe izinto zeziqu zawo zesikhathi esizayo.
Inyoni inabantu abancane. Noma kwezinye izindawo kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Hlobisa ukuzingela entwasahlobo, phakathi nesikhathi samanje, akuvunyelwe. Isikhathi sokuzingela siqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi siqhubeka kuze kufike izinyoni. Kungcono ukuzingela esimweni sezulu esizolile nesizolile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ugarliki kulula ukubona lapho uthatha ikhefu. Ngomoya onamandla, umsebenzi uba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. I-garnet ihamba njengebhabhathane ngenkathi indiza, futhi umoya ophonsa umoya uyiphonsa ngisho nangaphezulu ukusuka emaceleni kuya komunye, icindezela umsebenzi omkhulu. Abazingeli bayazi ukuthi udinga ukubamba inyoni endiza ngesikhathi ihamba emoyeni ngaphambi kokujikijela komoya.
Isitayela sokuhlobisa
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni lubhekwa njengejwayelekile. Indlela yemfihlo yokuphila yamagaraji ibenza babe enye yezinyoni ezifundwe kabi eMhlabeni. Kuyaziwa ngendawo yokuhlala emvelweni ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlotshisiwe zithanda ukuhlala emamithini namaxhaphozi olumanzi. Ukuphakama kokuhlala kwabo kuyahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-1400 kuya kwangama-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udoti ungatholakala kumachibi agqunywe kakhulu ngotshani, noma eduze kwemifula yemifula.
I-garnet ihlala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi.
Ukudla kwalezi zinyoni ezincane yizilwane ezincane ezingenantambo, futhi ebusika ukudla okuyinhloko yizimbewu.