UZayats-Rusak (lat. Lepus europaeus) - isilwane esidla ubhedu si-oda unogwaja.

Ukubukeka

Kungokwama-hares amakhulu: ubude bomzimba 57-68 cm, isisindo 4-6 kg, kuyaqabukela kufika ku-7 kg. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu batholakala enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yebanga. Umzimba uthambile. Ngaphandle, i-rosace yehluka kahle kwesimhlophe enezindlebe ezinde (9.4-14 cm), umsila omude obunjwe budebhi (7.2-14 cm) ngombala omnyama noma omnyama ngaphezulu. Amehlo abomvu ansundu. Izimbambo zangemuva zinde kuneziyimhlophe, kepha amabunxa amafushane futhi mancane (ubude bezinyawo 13.6-18-18 cm), ngoba i-roe ihlala ezifundeni lapho ikhava leqhwa lingajwayelekile futhi lilukhuni. Lezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka kwesinye ngesimo sokugaywa kobusika: zibukeka njengamabhola agcotshwe abelungu, kanye nokuphakama okuncane, okwenziwe ngeqanda, nobubanzi obuncane emikhondweni

Imibala yasehlobo i-ocher-grey, brown, brown, brown noma o-brown-brown, ngemibala ehlukene. Imisundu emikhulu emnyama eyakhiwa emaphethelweni wezinwele zangaphansi iyisici. Imikhawulo yezinwele ezisele ine-buffy. Ijazi liyacwebezela, licwebe, likhubazekile ngokusobala. Izinhlangothi zilula kunasemuva, isisu simhlophe, ngaphandle kwezimbambo. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona izindandatho ezimhlophe. Izeluleko zezindlebe zimnyama unyaka wonke. Uboya obusebusika bukhanya kancane kunobusika behlobo (ngokungafani nezigqoko ezimhlophe, izinsensane azikaze zimhlophe qhwa ebusika), ikhanda, amathiphu wezindlebe naphambi komhlane kuhlala kumnyama ebusika. I-dimorphism yezocansi ngombala ayikho. Kunama-chromosomes angama-48 ku-karyotype.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Hare Rusak

Iqembu le-hare-like lalineminyaka ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-65, ngoba laqala ekuqaleni kwenkathi yeTertiary. Wabuya egatsheni lezilwane ezincelisayo. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi waqhamuka kokhokho babangabantu abangafundile banamuhla. Umvundla onsundu, kanye nesihlobo sawo esiseduze kakhulu, umhlophe umhlophe, wake wamelela uhlobo oluthile lwangempela. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yawa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo ezahlukene zokuphila.

Umvundla ungummeleli womndeni waseZaitsev (Leporidae), ovela kuhlobo lweZaitsev. Ine-subspecies eminingana enezici ezithile zangaphandle:

• I-Central Russian Rusak (L. e. Hybridus),
• USteppe Rusak (L. e. Tesquorum),
• I-European Rusak (L. e. Europaeus).

URusak ungummeleli omkhulu wama hares. Isisindo saso silinganiselwa ku-4-6 kg, kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-7 kg. Enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga, abantu abakhulu bavame kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha angama-58-68. Umzimba we-hare uthobekile, mncane, ucindezelwe ukusuka ezinhlangothini.

Izidalwa Zangaphambili zimfishane kunemilenze yangemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani leminwe kubo lihlukile: kukhona ezine ngemuva, kanti ezingama-5 ngaphambili.Ezinyaweni zama-paws, iRusak inebhulashi eliwugqinsi loboya. Umsila mfushane - kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-12 cm ubude, ukhombe ekugcineni. Ubude bezindlebe bubalelwa ku-11-14 cm, bukhulu kakhulu ubukhulu bekhanda, kuthi phansi kwezindlebe kwakhiwe ishubhu.

Ividiyo: I-Bunny hare

Amehlo ansundu anombala obomvu onsundu, amile ngokujulile futhi abheka ezinhlangothini, okuthuthukisa umbono wakhe. Intamo ibuthakathaka, kepha ivumelana nezimo, sibonga ukuthi umvundla ungaguqula ikhanda lawo kahle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Lesi silwane sinamazinyo angama-28. Imishini yokuhlafunwa kwe-harese icishe ifane namagundane.

Ama-hares - izilwane zithulile, imvamisa azenzi misindo. Bakhala kuphela ngenxa yobuhlungu, ukulinyazwa, noma ukuphelelwa yithemba uma bebanjiwe. Ngosizo lokudonsisa umoya ethule, insikazi ingabiza onogwaja bayo. Bethukile, benza imisindo yokuqhafaza ngamazinyo abo.

Phakathi kwabo, amakhrayoni ayaxhumana ngokuthinta izingalo zawo. Le misindo isikhumbuza kakhulu isigubhu somgqomo. Ama-hares anabagijimi abahle kakhulu - kulayini oqondile angafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h. Lezi zidalwa ngobuqili ziyakwazi ukudida amathrekhi. Futhi bagxuma isikhathi eside futhi babhukuda kahle.

I-Molting

Njengawo wonke ama-hares, ukuncibilikisa izinduku kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukuncibilika kwentwasahlobo kuvame ukuqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi futhi kuthathe izinsuku ezingama-75-80, kuphetha maphakathi noMeyi. Iqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu ngo-Ephreli, lapho uboya buwela emgodini. Imikhombandlela ejwayelekile yoku-molting isuka ekhanda iye emsileni. Ekwindla, izinwele zasehlobo ziqala ukuphuma kancane, bese kukhula uboya obusika obukhulu futhi bube buthuntu endaweni yabo. Ukuholwa kwe-autumn molt kubuyele ohlangothini lwentwasahlobo - kuqala okhalweni, bese kudlulela e-croup, ridge, forepaws nasezinhlangothini. Uboya obude kunabo bonke ehlobo buhlala emuva nasemuva kwamehlo. Ukuhlanza kuvame ukuqala ngoSepthemba, kugcina ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba, yize kungabambezeleka kuze kube nguDisemba esimweni sezulu esifudumele.

Ukusatshalaliswa

IRusak isilwane sendabuko saseYurophu, eNtshonalanga ne-Asia Minor, naseNyakatho Afrika. Ukuhlala kwakhe enyakatho mhlawumbe kwaqala hhayi ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi neQuaternary. Njengamanje, isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinama-steppes, ama-steppes amahlathi, ama-tundra nezindawo eziphansi zezindawo ezingamahlathi aseYurophu, enyakatho iye e-Ireland, eScotland, eningizimu yeSweden naseFinland, eningizimu - kuya eTurkey, eTranscaucasia, e-Iran, enyakatho ye-Arabian Peninsula, eNyakatho Afrika, enyakatho yeKazakhstan. Izinsalela zamathambo ziyaziwa ngokufakwa ePleistocene amana kwe Azzer kanye nase Crimea.

Ngaphakathi kweRussia, itholakala engxenyeni yonke yezwe laseYurophu iya ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zeLake Ladoga ne-Onega, iNyakatho Dvina, lapho umngcele wokusabalalisa udlula eKirov, ePerm, udlule ngasezintabeni zase-Ural, udlule eKurgan uye esifundeni sasePavlodar seKazakhstan. Umngcele oseningizimu udlula eTranscaucasia, uLwandle lweCaspian, i-Ustyurt, indawo esenyakatho ye-Aral Sea uye eKaraganda. Ihlanganisiwe ezifundeni eziningi zaseSiberia eseningizimu (izifunda ezingaphansi kwe-Altai, i-Salair ne-Kuznetsk Alatau). Ikhiqizwe ezindaweni ze-Altai neKrasnoyarsk, ezifundeni zaseNovosibirsk, Kemerovo, Irkutsk naseChita. Ihlangene eMpumalanga Ekude: ikhishwe eThabakhsksk Territory ngo-1963-1964 (i-Jewish Autonomous Oblast), ngonyaka ka-1965 - ezifundeni zasePrimorsky Territory (Ussuri naseMikhailovsky). EBuryatia, imizamo yokuqongelelaniswa ayiphumelelanga.

Wahlala ngokuzungeza eNyakatho Melika. Ngakho-ke, indoda ensundu yathunyelwa eNew York State ngo-1893 kwathi ngo-1912 yathunyelwa e-Ontario (Canada). Manje itholakala ikakhulukazi esifundeni samaGreat Lakes. Yabuye yangeniswa eCentral naseNingizimu Melika, yaphawuleka eNew Zealand nasezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Australia, lapho yaphenduka inkathazo.

Indlela yokuphila

Kuhlala izikhala ezivulekile, amahlathi asemaqeleni, i-steppe, izindawo eziwugwadule. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo esifundeni sehlathi yizindawo ezivulekile: amasimu, izimbadada, imiphetho, ukugawulwa okuningiliziwe, ama-glade nemililo. Ekujuleni kwenqwaba yama-cififififithi ayivelakancane, kuvame kakhulu emahlathini acijile, yize ikhetha izinkuni lapha. Izindawo lapho umhlaba wezolimo uhlangana khona namakhophi amancane, izihlahlana zamabhasi kanye nenethiwekhi yezigodi nezigodi zithandwa kakhulu ngumthengisi. Ezindaweni ezisehlathini ne-steppe ne-steppe zitholakala eceleni kwemishayo, imifula yezikhukhula, eceleni kwamadiphozi nezilimo zezilimo zokusanhlamvu. Ezintabeni, ifinyelela esifundeni sezintaba, engahlali nje kuphela ngezitebhisi zezintaba, kodwa futhi nasehlathini. Ehlobo likhuphukela ezintabeni lifinyelela ku-1,500-2,000 m, ebusika liyehla. Yonke indawo isuka ezindaweni zokuhlala (ikakhulukazi ebusika), kanye nakuzindawo zokugcina amanzi.

Imvamisa, iringi liyisilo sezwe esizinze. Ngokuya kokudla kwendalo, ingahlala isendaweni eyodwa, ihlala ama-30-50 ha. Kwezinye izindawo, izinsensane zizulazula nsuku zonke ukusuka ezindaweni zokulala ukuya ezindaweni zokuphakela, zihamba amakhilomitha ayishumi nambili. Ukunyakaza kwesizini kuyenzeka futhi; ekwindla nasebusika, i-roe ivame ukusondela ezindaweni zokuhlala, emaphethelweni amahlathi nasezindaweni eziphakeme lapho kuneqhwa elingaphansi. Ezintabeni, awela ezigungwini zezikhukhula ekwindla, kuthi entwasahlobo abuyele ezintabeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle (isembozo seqhwa esiphakeme, i-ice crust), esiphazamisa ukuthola ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa, ukuqothuka okukhulu kuyabhekwa. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukuhamba kwe-grouse kwabhalwa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo futhi kuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu.

Esebenzayo kakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku amahora. Kungaleso sikhathi sokuzala kuphela lapho imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibonwa yonke indawo. Umsebenzi omkhulu ukwenzeka engxenyeni yokuqala yobusuku nasezikhathi zasekuseni. Kwi-zhirak eyodwa, i-roach ihamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi, izilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zivame ukudlula kunokuhlala emaphethelweni ehlathi nasesihlahleni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, amaRusak angahle aphume izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukulala ehlobo kuvame ukungomba umgodi omncane ngaphansi kwesembozo sesihlahla, isihlahla esiwayo noma isihenqo sotshani obude. Imvamisa imane ibe ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma emngceleni wensimu. Imisele engapheli ayeneliseki, kwesinye isikhathi igaya imisele yesikhashana yesikhathi sasemini ekushiseni okwedlulele. Ungaphumula ngemisele yemisele yezimbila, izimpungushe kanye nezimbaza. Ukutholakala kwendawo yokukhosela eRusak kuncike esikhathini sonyaka nezimo zezulu. Entwasahlobo, imibhede ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele; esimweni sezulu esinethayo, i-rook igcinwa emagqumeni omile, futhi eyomile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezindaweni eziphansi. Ebusika, kulele phezu kweqhwa kuhlelwa endaweni evaliwe kusuka emoyeni, ezindaweni ezineqhwa elijulile, i-grouse kwesinye isikhathi igaya izimbotshana ezingafika kumamitha ayi-2. I-grouse ivame ukulala ekwindla nasebusika ezitolo, eduze kwezakhiwo ezingaphandle kwamakhaya.

I-roach igijimisa ngokushesha ukwedlula imhlophe, ama-jumps akhe amade. Ibanga elifushane, lingakhulisa isivinini esijwayelekile esifinyelela ku-50-60 km / h emugqeni oqondile. Ukuphazamisa ukunyathela kwezinyawo. Uyakwazi ukubhukuda kahle. Njengawo wonke ama-hares, i-grouse yizilwane ezinokuthula, kuphela uma zibanjwa noma zilimele, zikhipha umsindo omkhulu wokuhlaba umkhosi. Owesifazane ubiza unogwaja, enze imisindo ethule. I-grouse eshaqekile ihlwitha amazinyo ayo, njengoba namagundane amaningi enza. Olunye uhlobo lwezokuxhumana luhlangene ngama-paws, okufana nokuqongqotha isigubhu.

Umsoco

Ehlobo, i-roe idla izitshalo, amahlumela amasha ezihlahla nezihlahlana. Imvamisa idla amaqabunga neziqu, kepha ingakhipha nezimpande, idle imbewu engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo (inomthelela ekusakazweni kwayo, ngoba akuyona yonke imbewu egayiwe). Ukwakheka kokuphakelwa kokudla kwehlobo kuhlukahluka kakhulu - ukukhula okuhlukahlukene okhula wasendle (i-dandelion, i-chicory, i-tansy, indawo ephakemeyo yezinyoni, i-colza, i-clover, i-alfalfa) nezilimo ezitshaliwe (i-sunflower, i-buckwheat, okusanhlamvu). Ngokuzithandela udla imifino nezinselo.

Ebusika, ngokungafani nenja emhlophe, uyaqhubeka nokudla ngezimila nezinhlanga zotshani, izilimo zasebusika, izinsalela zezilimo zasensimini, azikhipha ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngesembozo seqhwa esijulile, ishintshela ekudleni kwezinkuni ne-shrubbery (amahlumela, amagxolo). Udla ngentshiseko imaple, oki, hazel, umshanelo, kanye ne-apula nethanga, i-aspen ne-willow, isithandwa esithandekayo, esidla kaningi. Ama-digre ebusika ama-Hare athanda ukuhambela izindawo ezingwevu, ezingakwazi ukuphula iqhwa ngokwazo.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala komvundla

Lokhu okunyamisile kohlobo lwe-hare kuyaphawuleka, okokuqala, ngosayizi wayo omkhulu: ubude bomzimba obungaphezu kwengxenye yamamitha, ngesinye isikhathi kufinyelela ku-70 cm, nesisindo: onogwaja kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-5 kg, futhi aqhelela kuze kube ngu-7 kg.

Hare kusabalale kuwo wonke amazwekazi, futhi ngenxa yesibalo sawo esikhulu, esifundwe kahle ososayensi kanye nabezemvelo, futhi ukubukeka kwayo nemikhuba yayo kwaziwa kahle kubo bonke abathandi bemvelo. Ukubonakala kwe-hare emnyama isimilo impela, futhi akunzima ukusihlukanisa nezihlobo - abamele irabi le-oda.

Amehlo esilwane anomthunzi wokuqala obomvu onsundu. Umzimba wesilwane untekenteke, futhi izindlebe ezinde, imilengo kanye nomsila (kumnyama phezulu nomumo wedada) kubalulekile umehluko weRusak kusuka umhlophe umhlophe.

Umbala wesilwane uyathandeka ngokuhlukahluka, ngoba izilwane ziqunda futhi zishintsha umbala wazo kabili ngonyaka. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona isithombe se-hareEhlobo, ijazi layo elinosilika nelicwebezelayo lihlukaniswa ngemibala e-brown, brown-olive, i-ocher-grey nemibala ebomvu.

A i-hare ebusika mhlophe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ayikaze ibe mhlophe qhwa, okubonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezimnyama zoboya bangaphambili bangemuva, kanjalo nombala woboya ezindlebeni nase makhanda ansundu.

Le mininingwane yokubukeka ingesinye sezimpawu eziningi i-hare ebrawuni engahlukaniswa ngazo emhlanganweni, ngokwesibonelo, ingungu elimhlophe, lapho ebusika linombala omhlophe qhwa qhwa, ngaphandle kwezeluleko zezindlebe ezimnyama endaweni eyiqhwa, ngenxa yokuthi umhlophe umhlophe iba lingabonakali ngokuphelele phakathi kobusika obusebusika.

Okubonakalisiwe kungumzinjana ebusika

Kukhona amahashe ansundu, eYurophu nase-Asia, kanye nase-Australia naseNingizimu Melika. Bazuze ngempumelelo ukuqiniswa futhi bamila kwezinye izindawo zaseNyakatho Melika naseNew Zealand, lapho bethulwa khona ngokukhethekile ukuzalaniswa.

E-Russia, izilwane zivame kuzo zonke izingxenye zaseYurophu, kuze kufike ezintabeni zase-Ural, futhi zitholakala nasendaweni yase-Eshiya: ukusuka eSiberia kuya emaphethelweni aseMpumalanga Ekude. Bahlala ama-steppes namahlathi, futhi bagcwele izindawo ezinezintaba nezindawo ezinamahlathi amaningi.

Yize ngaphezu kwakho konke bakhetha izikhala ezivulekile, okuyisici uphawu lwe-hare. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, lezi zilwane zithanda ukuhlala emhlabeni wokulima ngamadiphozithi acebile ezitshalo zokusanhlamvu.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila yelehabhele

Ukuzibophezela kwendawo oke wakhethwa kuyo kudala izici kakhulu i-brown hare, futhi incazelo Indlela yokuphila yalezi zilwane kufanele iqale ngokusho ukuthi lezi zilwane azivamisile ukufuduka kanye nohambo olude.

Bahlala ezindaweni ezincane (hhayi amahektha angaphezu kwama-50), bahlala kuzo isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuphela labo abahlala ezintabeni behlela ezinyangeni zabo ebusika, nalapho iqhwa liphela, bavuka futhi.

Bangaphoqwa ukuba bashiye indawo yabo yokuhlala lapho kuphela ngokushintsha okukhulu kwezimo zezulu, izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo. Izilwane zithanda impilo yobusuku kube yimini.

Futhi ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane zifihla emiseleni yazo, evame ukulinganiselwa eduze kwezihlahlana nezihlahla. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane zihlala futhi ezindlini ezishiywe kwezinye izilwane: ama-marmots, amabhulukwe nezimpungushe.

Njengabo bonke abameleli bohlobo lwe-hare, grey molt kusuka ekhanda kuya emilenzeni kabili ngonyaka. I-Spring and ekwindla molt, okuthatha izinsuku ezingama-75 kuye kwezingama-80, kuguquka ngokuphelele uhlobo hare, esiza izilwane ukuthi zihlangane nemvelo ezungezile, kuya ngezindawo ezungeze izinkathi ezahlukahlukene, futhi zingabonakali ezitheni zazo, okuthi kuyo imilenze emide kuphela asindise amaqabunga.

Amandla okugijima ngokukhulu ukushesha kungenye inzuzo yalezi zilwane. Futhi esiphezulu ijubane le-hare, angayithuthukisa ezimweni ezibucayi emhlabathini omuhle futhi oqinile, ifinyelela ku-70-80 km / h. Emndenini wama-hares - lolu uhlobo lwerekhodi.

Ekujuleni kwemilenze, i-rodent idlula kude umfowabo - umfudlana, uhamba ngokushesha okukhulu kunaye futhi ugxuma kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-grouse ayihambelani kangako nezimo zesimo sezulu esibi, futhi imvamisa isitoko sazo sincishiswa kakhulu ebusika obukhulu.

Harenjenge ne-hare, sekuyisikhathi eside kungumgomo oyintandokazi wokuzingela kwezentengiso nakwezemidlalo. Eziningi zalezi zilwane zibulawa njalo ngonyaka ngenxa yenyama yazo emnandi nezikhumba ezifudumele.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi nesikhathi sesikhathi sokuzala se-grouse siyahluka ngokuya ngengxenye yebanga. Ngakho-ke, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kuvame ukuhlala kusuka ku-Mashi kuya ku-Septhemba, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho cishe abesifazane abangama-75% bekwazi ukuletha izingane ezi-4, futhi eminyakeni ebusika efudumele nokuqala kwentwasahlobo - 5 ngakunye ezimweni zezimo zezulu ezinhle, umjaho uhlala unyaka wonke, onogwaja bokuqala bavela ngoJanuwari. Enyakatho yebanga lama-broods 1-2.Enkabeni yeRussia, umjaho wokuqala wenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - Mashi (abesilisa besebenze kusukela ngoJanuwari), owesibili - ngo-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, owesithathu - ngoJuni. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45-48, ngakho-ke onogwaja bokuqala bavela ngo-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, izingane zesibili - ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - Juni (ukuzalanisa isiqongo), okwesithathu - ngo-Agasti. Iphinda i-hare mate ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi phambi kwabo. Ngokuvamile, ukugcotshwa kwegogo akuyona into enobungane njengaleyo yomhubhe, ngakho izinsikazi ezikhulelwe nama hares angabonakala ngaphambili nangemva kwezinkathi ezijwayelekile.

Isibalo sonogwaja esiqeshweni esisukela ku-1 kuye ku-9. Izimo eziningi zithinta usayizi wedada. Ngokuvamile, ama-broods makhulu ezindaweni lapho amahashe enemijikelezo embalwa yokuzala. Ubusika, amabanga entwasahlobo nasekwindla asencane kunama-broods ehlobo - kukhona ama-hares ama-1-2 amancane kuwo. Onogwaja abaningi baletha izinsikazi ezineminyaka ephakathi. Ngaphambi kokuzala, izinsikazi zakha izidleke zakudala zotshani, zambe imigodi noma, lapho kushisa, imisele. Onogwaja bazalwa bebonwa futhi bembozwe uboya, obunesisindo esingu-80-150 g. Owesifazane uza ukondla inzalo kanye ngosuku, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kaningi kakhulu - kuze kufike isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezi-4. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-5 lokuphila, onogwaja baqala ukuhamba eduze nendawo abazalelwe kuyo, ngamaviki ama-2 bafinyelela isisindo sama-300-400 g futhi sebesevele bedla utshani ngenkuthalo, futhi emavikini angama-3-4 bayazimela. Kunamacala owaziwayo wokondla onogwaja abangawazi onogwaja, inqobo nje uma bekwiminyaka efanayo neyakhe, kodwa lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunakwimvukazi emhlophe. I-Grouse ivame ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni kwentwasahlobo elandelayo kuphela, kuyaqabukela, ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga zobubanzi, izintokazi ziqala ukuzala ehlobo elifanayo. Ama-hybrids e-grouse nabelungu ayaziwa - ama-cuffs. Batholakala bobabili bemvelo futhi batholwa lapho kugcinwa onogwaja ku-zoo. Lapho igcinwa ekudingisweni, ama-cuffs ayakwazi ukuzala.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-grouse siyiminyaka engama-6-7 (ezimeni ezihlukile, basinda baba yiminyaka eyi-10- 12), kepha iningi lezilwane aliphili iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4-5.

Inani nokubaluleka komuntu

Ngokuvamile, i-hare iyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, inani labo eminyakeni ethile lifinyelela izigidi eziningi zabantu. Ubuningi buba nezinguquko ezinkulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka kuye ngezici ezahlukahlukene: ama-epizootic, ama-starffish, njll., Kepha awabukeki njengombala. Eningizimu yebanga, ukuguquguquka kwesimo kusenzeka kaningi futhi kuyacaca.

URusak yisilwane esibalulekile sezentengiselwano, into etholakala ngokuzingela nokuzingela ezemidlalo. Ikhishwa minyaka yonke ngamanani abalulekile ngenxa yenyama nezikhumba. Izikhumba zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi njengento ebalulekile eluhlaza okwesikhashana yezinzwa ezisezingeni eliphakeme, okuvame kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yoboya.

Kungalimaza izilimo zasebusika, izihlahla zezithelo nezindawo zokugcina izingane: ngobusuku obubodwa, i-hare ingabhula izihlahla zezithelo eziyi-10-15. E-Argentina, e-Australia, futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, eNyakatho Melika, abafiki abafikayo bayizinambuzane zezolimo. Ama-Mermaids ahlushwa yizifo eziningi. Yize zona, ngokungafani nabelungu, azihlaselwa kalula yizifo zesifo se-pulmonary-helminthic futhi zingatheleleka kakhulu ekungenweni yi-hepatic trematode, i-coccidiosis yande kakhulu phakathi kwazo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezilwane ezisencane. Ukufa okukhulu kwalesi sifo kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka yamaviki ayi-5 nezinyanga ezi-5. Ama-epizootic we-pasteurellosis, i-tularemia, i-swuc brosis kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ayaziwa, futhi ngumthwali we-toxoplasmosis. I-Mermaid kungenzeka ngaphezu kokumhlophe ihlushwa yizimo zezulu ezingezinhle. Okuyingozi kakhulu kubo ukuthi kuneqhwa elibusika elinamaqhwa, ama-blizzard angavumeli ama-hares ukuthi adle ngendlela evamile, kanye neziphethu ezingazinzile ezinamawele ashintshashintshayo neziqandisi lapho kufa izingane zokuqala. Indima ethile ekushintsheni kwamanani idlalwa ngabazingeli. Izimpungushe, izimpisi, izindunduma zezinyamazane, izinyamazane ezidla inyama ku-crayfish.

Umbala

Abamele lolu hlobo lokuzalwa banejazi elihle elimibalabala le-wavy. Isici esahlukile se-hare umbala. Ihlanganisa ingxube engachazeki ye-fawn ehlukahlukene, i-yellowish-grey, tones ebomvu enomdlandla obonakalayo, ogqame kakhulu emuva. Uboya kule ndawo bunamacembe futhi babukeka njenge-merlushka enhle (leyo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-lamb fur). Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ezifundeni eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga zangaphambili kweSoviet Union, ama-hare-hares ahlala kule ndawo awawushintshi umbala unyaka wonke. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga, i-grouse kuphela emhlophe kancane, ikakhulukazi kusuka ezinhlangothini. Emkhawulweni osenyakatho ebusika, ama hares acishe abe mhlophe, kube kuphela umucu omnyama ngemuva. Amathiphu nokugquma kwezindlebe, kanye nengxenye ephezulu yomsila kuhlala kumnyama.

Ukuzwa nokuhogela

Isilwane sivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nokuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngokusho kwencazelo, i-hare-hare inamehlo amahle futhi iyakwazi ukwahlukanisa ingozi ibanga elingama-300-400 m. Isitatimende sokuthi i-hare "ibona okufushane" inephutha, kungenzeka kakhulu, kubangelwa ukuthi isilwane sinelukuluku kakhulu futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi asikwazi ukunquma izinga lobungozi. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-rookie ingavala umzingeli. Umuzwa wakhe wephunga nokuzwa awuthuthukiswa kangako, omsiza ukuba azulazule ngokuphelele emvelweni. Kunezibonelo eziningi lapho isilwane sikhombisa ukukhuthazela, ubuhlakani, ubuqili. Indawo yokuhlala yegogo ivame ukutholakala eduze kwabantu. Imikhuba eminingi ye-hare ikhuluma ngokugula kwakhe okusheshayo, ngokwesibonelo, uma kwenzeka iba yingozi ifuna insindiso ezindaweni zokuhlala noma icashe emhlanjini wezinkomo.

Indawo yokuhlala ye-Habitat hare

Lolu hlobo lwe-hare luhlala kuyo yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu yezwe lethu - ukusuka e-Arkhangelsk kuya ogwini loLwandle lweCaspian, ukusuka emngceleni osentshonalanga kuya eTrans-Urals. Indawo okuhlala kuyo iyakhula njalo, ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni engama-50-60 edlule, umngcele uthuthele empumalanga cishe yi-1000 km. URusakov wakhipha lapho bengahlali khona phambilini, lezi yizifunda zaseSiberia zaseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Ekude. Qaphela ukuthi imizamo yesayensi yokwengeza izilwane endaweni yaseBuryatia yaze yehluleka. Ama-Mermaids azibophezela endaweni ekhethwe kanye. Ngaphandle kwalabo bantu abahlala ezintabeni. Ebusika, behlela onyaweni, futhi ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, baphinde bavukele ezintabeni. Isilwane ngasinye sigcina indawo engamahektare angama-50. IRusak iyi-steppe hare, ngakho-ke, imvamisa ikhetha izindawo ezivulekile zokuhlala, ingatholwa eduze kwamasimu atshalwe ngezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ezigodini, ezigodini, ezivandeni, emasimini, emaphethelweni amahlathi, ezindaweni zokudotshwa kwasolwandle.

Imikhuba

Naphezu kosayizi wayo omkhulu, i-hare iyakwazi ukushesha kakhulu - ifike ku-60 km / h. Kodwa-ke, siphawula ukuthi angahamba ngejubane elinjalo isikhathi esifushane. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, i-rookie yenza gxuma elide futhi ivele ishintshe ukuqondiswa. Uyazi kahle ukuthi ungadidanisa kanjani umkhondo, ugijime imibuthano enkulu, unqamula indawo, ngaleyo ndlela udukisa abaxoshayo. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokunyakaza, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukubalekela izitha ezisizingela.

Abaningi banesidingo embuzweni wokuthi onogwaja bayakwazi yini ukubhukuda. Ngokumangazayo, yize lezi zilwane zingawathandi amanzi futhi esikhathini esiningi zihlala kude nazo, zingabhukudi abahle. Umvundla uyisilwane esingenamazwi, futhi ngisho nangesikhathi sokuzalela kwesinye isikhathi sikhala izwi. Uma kwenzeka kulimala kuphela, i-rodent ikhala kakhulu, umsindo ufana nokukhala kwengane.

Rusaki emazweni aphesheya

Ama-hares alezi zinhlobo asakazekile kula mazwe alandelayo: North America, Canada, South America, New Zealand, Australia nase-Oceania. Inani labo liyakhula ngokuqhubekayo. Njengamanje, i-hare inesimo sesilwane esithengiswayo. Kuyinto yezemidlalo nokuzingela kwe-amateur. Kwamanye amazwe, ama hares aqothulwe njengezinambuzane - ngoba abangela ukulimala okungalawuleki kwezolimo: alimaza izitshalo zasebusika, izihlahla zezithelo (angagedla ama-plantation ayi-15 ngobusuku obubodwa).

Umvundla ungenye yalezo zilwane ezithwele i-brucellosis, tularemia, coccidiosis, pastelreza.

Ukuzingela

Ezweni lethu, ukuzingela amahashe kudume kakhulu. Kuyinto yokuzingela ezemidlalo, kanye nokuhweba ngoboya. Izimayini ikakhulu zibangelwa yinyama enempilo, enambitheka ngokwejwayelekile noboya obuhle. Isikhathi sokuzingela siqala ngo-Okthoba kuze kube yilapho kuqala iqhwa futhi kuhlale bonke ubusika. Emvelweni, ngaphezu kwabazingeli, kunezinye izitha eziningi ze-ered. I-Roe inyamazane yezinyamazane ezidla inyama, izimpisi, izingwe, imidlwane, ukuzingela izimpungushe. Ngisho nemilingo ihlasela ezincane. Kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe inani le-owl ye-hare ngenxa yokuthi yande kakhulu.

Hare

Ama-haar ayizilwane ezincanyana zohlobo lweHare. Lezi zilwane bezaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni njengezilwane ezibuthakathaka nezingamagwala, yize, lezi zincazelo, izilwane zitholwe ngokungafanele. Eqinisweni, ama-hares awabuthakathaka kakhulu futhi awavikeleki ngokuphelele, njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga. Kukholakala ukuthi ama-hares aqine ngokwanele futhi uma kwenzeka usongo lwangempela, angazivikela.

Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila

Lezi zilwane zasemhlabeni azinawo amakhono amaningi. Akuzona zokubhukuda futhi azikwazi ukugibela izihlahla noma amadwala. Bancamela ukuhlala, ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, sebakhe amakoloni, futhi bangahola nendlela yokuphila ehlukile. Bahlala bekhuthele unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke ebusika abawelani ekubandakanyeni ubusika.

Ngokuyisisekelo, baphila impilo yobusuku, baphumula ntambama otshanini obukhulu, emathangeni wezimila noma ezindlini zomhlabathi. Ebusika, zingalala emgodini ongashoni ngaphansi kwengqimba yeqhwa elisha. Zihamba ngosizo lwe-jumps ezinkulu, ngenkathi zifinyelela ngesivinini esingaphezu kwe-60 km / h.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukubona kwe hares akubukhali, kepha ukuzwa nokuzwa kwabo kunhle kakhulu. Ama-hares ahluka ngokuqapha okukhulu futhi asebenzise amaqhinga okulindela, abe sendlini yokukhosela kuze kube ngumzuzu wokugcina. Njengomthetho, umvundla ugxuma uphume endaweni yokukhosela ngokungazelele, ngenxa yalokho into eyamangazayo idalulwa, ngoba umzingeli noma omunye umhlaseli umane akanaso isikhathi sokuphendula ngendlela yesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, umvundla uyabaleka, uhlala ephila.

Iqiniso elithandekayo! Umhlanga, ubalekela abaxosha, ngekhono ngokudidayo amathrekhi alo. Umoya, wenza ugxuma olude ohlangothini, futhi futhi angaphindela emuva ngemikhondo yakhe.

Abantu babheka ama-hares ukuthi ayigwala ngokufanele ngoba lezi zilwane zeqa ngokungazenzisi zisuka ngaphansi kwezinyawo zomuntu odlulayo nokuthi kukhona amabutho abalekayo. Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona ubugwala, kepha ithuba lokusindisa impilo yomuntu noma, ngamanye amazwi, ukusinda ezimeni ezinzima zemvelo ezinjalo.

Noma kunjalo, i-hare akusona isidalwa esinobugwala kakhulu, njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga, futhi iyakwazi ukuzimela. Uma umzingeli uqala ukuqonda ukuthi ngeke ashiye ukuxoshwa, ubeka umhlane wakhe bese eqala ukushaya umhlaseli wakhe ngemilenze yakhe yangasemuva, ayithuthukisile impela futhi inemisipha. Iziteleka ziqine kakhulu futhi zinembile kangangokuthi osukelayo angathola ukulimala okubulalayo. Noma yimuphi umzingeli uyazi ukuthi ukukhulisa i-hare ephilayo ngezindlebe kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ngokushesha angathola ukushaywa okuningi ngemilenze yakhe yangemuva, nangamandla aqine.

Kuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani i-hare?

Kukholelwa ukuthi esimweni semvelo, i-harephe ngokwesilinganiso ngeke liphile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-8. Ngasikhathi sinye, eziningi zalezi zilwane azikwazi ngisho nokuthola amagama anjalo, ngoba zifa kakhulu ngaphambili, uma kungenjalo kusukela ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezizingelayo, lapho-ke kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwabazingeli. Njengomthetho, onogwaja abaningi bayafa, abangakakwazi ukuzivikela kwabaningi, ngisho nezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye. Uma ugcina onogwaja abathunjiwe, khona-ke bangaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.

Izinhlobo zama hares

Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi emhlabeni kunezinhlobo okungenani ezintathu zezinhlobo zama hares ezahluke ngosayizi, ukwakheka komzimba nokuziphatha, kanye nendlela yokuphila. Isibonelo, emvelweni kukhona:

• Antelope Hare.
• I-harese laseMelika.
• IHare Alaskan.
• I-hare enomsila omnyama.
• Umzimba wobuso obumhlophe.
• I-Kansky hare.
• I-yellowish hare.
• Umvundla umnyama onsundu.
• I-Shrub hare.
• ISandstone Hare.
• Tolai hare.
• Hare umshanelo.
• Yunnan hare.
• Hare waseKorea.
• I-Corsican Hare.
• I-brown hare.
• I-Iberian Hare.
• Manchu Hare.
• I-Curly hare.
• IHare Stark.
• I-hare emhlophe enomsila.
• I-Ethopian hare.
• UHainan Hare.
• I-hare emnyama.
• I-Burmese Hare.
• Umhlanga waseChina.
• I-Yarkand hare.
• Umhlanga waseJapan.
• I-Abyssinian hare.

Umzuzu othokozisayo! Lolu hlu lubandakanya neDon hare, ebihlala ebusheni beMpumalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho ne-Asia ngesikhathi sePleistocene, kepha namuhla kubhekwa njengezinhlobo zezilwane ezingasekho. Kwakuyisikhulu esikhulu salolu hlobo lobuciko, esinohlelo lokuhlafuna oluthuthukiswe kakhulu. Ngokusho kososayensi, i-hare yanamuhla ibhekwa njengesihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-Don hare.

Kudlani onogwaja?

Ukudla kwezilwane kususelwa kokudla kwezitshalo ngohlobo lwamagxolo, amahlumela amasha, utshani, amajikijolo, imifino nezithelo. Ama-hares ahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo athanda i-clover, ama-dandelion, i-sedge, i-yarrow ne-alfalfa. Ehlobo, kuhlala kukhona ukudla okwanele kubo, ngoba bangakwazi ukunambitha kalula amahlumela namajikijolo amajikijolo, amakhowe, kanye nezithelo ze-apula zasendle nezihlahla zethanga.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ukuqasha kuvame ukuvela emasimini ezolimo, ezingadini nasezivandeni zasekhishini. Ikakhulu ebusika, balimaza emasimini amasiko ngokuvimba amagxolo. Uma iklabishi, izaqathi kanye nezinye izilwane zasengadini zihlala ensimini, khona-ke amahashi azosheshe “ayithathe”.

Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-hares kufanele ashintshele edlelweni, ngakho-ke aqala ukudla amagxolo ezihlahla, kanye namahlumela wonyaka. Ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu zobusika, ama-hares athola izimpande ezahlukahlukene notshani obomile ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Izitha zemvelo

Akunandaba nezimo zokuphila, ama-hares anezitha eziningi zemvelo. Izitha eziphambili yizimpungushe nezimpisi, kanti ama-hares ahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zezulu asenazo izitofu, ama-lynxes, njll, kufaka phakathi izinyoni ezidla inyama ezinjengokhozi, uphisi kanye nesikhova. Ama-hares ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zezulu ahlaselwa yi-hyenas, izimpungushe, njll. Kumahashi ahlala endaweni ezungeze izindawo zokuhlala, izinja, kubandakanya izinja ezingenakhaya, kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo, ziyingozi.

Hhayi-ke, futhi, empeleni, isitha esikhulu umuntu, ngesimo sabazingeli abazingela ama-hares, ngoba banenyama emnandi impela noboya obalulekile.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Izinhlobo eziningi zama hares zizizwa zizinhle endle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezidala ukukhathazeka phakathi kochwepheshe. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka:

• Ubuso obumhlophe, onsundu ngombala kanye ne-Yarkendky kunesimo sokuthi "sisondele kwabasengozini."
• I-Broomwort, iCorsican neHainan zithathwa njengezilwane ezisengcupheni.
• Umthungi ophuzi uphethe "izinhlobo ezisengozini."
• I-hareopian hare inesimo "sedatha enganele."

Isizathu sokuba sengozini kwalezi zinhlobo kuhlotshaniswa nezinto ezithile ze-anthropogenic, kufaka phakathi iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zithathwa njengeziyindida futhi zihlala ezifundeni ezinomkhawulo futhi azitholakali kwenye indawo. Umhubhe wase-Itiyopiya uphila impilo yemfihlo, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni okungelula ukufinyelela kuzo, ngakho-ke kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu ngobuningi bawo.

Inani lokudoba

Ama-hares, yize eyisayizi yawo emincane, ayizilwane ezibalulekile zezilwane. Lezi zilwane zinezinyama ezibalulekile, ezidliwayo nezihlwabusayo, noboya obubalulekile, obusetshenziselwa ukuthunga izingubo ezifudumele zobusika.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-hares anenani elanele lezitha zemvelo, aligcina inani lawo ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zizala izikhathi ezi-4 ngonyaka. Lezi zilwane zihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi azithobeki noma maqondana nokudla, noma ngokwezimo zokuphila, ngakho-ke zishesha ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila ezihlukile.Ngenxa yalokhu, amahashe atholakala kunoma yiziphi izimo zawo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.

Ekuphetheni

AmaHara anezitha zemvelo ezanele, angabali izinhlekelele zemvelo, njengezikhukhula nemililo. Le nkinga ihlanganiswa yiqiniso lokuthi ama-hares awazi ukuthi ukubhukuda kanjani. Ngokuqondene nemililo, sinemililo eyanele yokufakelwa entwasahlobo, lapho kuvela onogwaja bokuqala. Abalimi abaningi bashisa utshani obudala, hhayi abalimi kuphela. Imvamisa utshani buvele bucishwe umlilo yizakhamizi "ezihlakaniphile", ezifiselekayo ukuthi zijeziswe kanzima, kanye nabalimi abafanayo.

Ngamanye amagama, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ekuqotheni umuntu ngumuntu obhubhisa ngokuphelele imvelo ngaphandle kokucabanga.

Ama-hares ayizilwane ezihlukile futhi angaqondakali ngokuphelele, ngoba akukaziwa ukuthi onogwaja basinda kanjani. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umuntu ubelokhu ezingela lezi zilwane ngenxa yenyama emnandi nenyama ebalulekile. Kungekudala kakhulu, eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, izigqoko ezazenziwe ngoboya bomvundla, kanye namajazi oboya besifazane, ayemfashini. Okwamanje, sebephelelwe yimfashini, kepha ukuzingela amahashe akukapheli, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunabazingeli abaningi. Imvamisa uvame ukuzwa izikhalazo zabazingeli ukuthi baye bazingela hhayi ukuthi ukuqasha, ngisho nemikhondo yabo ibingabonwa. Ngeshwa, "ababambeki" ukuthi manje kunabazingeli abaningi kunamahashi nezinye izilwane. Le nkinga ibuye ixhumane neqiniso lokuthi impilo yomuntu ilahla izilwane zemithombo yokudla, kanye nezindawo lapho izilwane zingacasha khona ezitheni zemvelo. Umuntu uthuthukisa izindawo ezintsha zokutshala izitshalo ezitshaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenzisa ubuthi namanye amakhemikhali, okuholela ekufeni kwezilwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungabikwa kungesiwo kuphela amahhashi, kodwa futhi nangabanye abafowethu, abancane bethu, okufanele bashiye amakhaya abo iminyaka, ngokudla okwanele. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi ahaqa amapulazi, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala izingadi nemifino yabanikazi beziza ezizimele. Imvamisa kuma-dachas, ingxenye yesivuno isasala, esiza ama-hares ukusinda ezimeni ezinzima zobusika: lapho isanqante sasilele, kukhona iklabishi leklabishi, njll.

Naphezu kwe-fecundity ephezulu, ama-hares awasakwazi ukugcina amanani awo. Ngabe lokho ezindaweni eziqhele kakhulu kumuntu, nasezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka lapho umuntu engakwazi ukufinyelela khona, ngoba cishe wonke umzingeli une-SUV. Ngamanye amazwi, inqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ivumela abantu esikhathini sethu ukuthi bangene ngokujulile emathangeni, lapho zonke izilwane zivame ukucasha.

Ihlala kuphi i-hare?

Photo: hare ehlobo

URusak uthanda ama-steppes, angatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Ngisho naphakathi nenkathi ye-Quaternary, yayizinza inyakatho. Ngakho-ke, namuhla kuhlala izigaba ze-steppe ne-steppe-steppe, ama-tundra kanye namahlathi aseYurophu.

Izindawo zayo eziphambili:

• IYurophu
• Ngaphambili nase-Asia Minor,
• ENyakatho Afrika

Enyakatho, umfudlana wahlala phansi eFinland uqobo, yathumba iSweden, i-Ireland kanye neScotland. Futhi eningizimu, indawo ehlala kuyo yabe isiya eTurkey, e-Iran, enyakatho ne-Afrika naseKazakhstan. Izicucu zomvundla wefosili zisatholakala esifundeni saseCrimea, nase-Azerbaijan, ezindaweni ezifakwa ePleistocene.

ENyakatho Melika, amaRusak ayehlalwa ngokudalwa. Walethwa lapho ngonyaka we-1893, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngo-1912, lapho umfanyana walethwa eCanada.

Kodwa-ke, namuhla zigcinwa lapho kuphela esifundeni samaGreat Lakes. Ngendlela efanayo, i-hare yavela eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. E-Australia, i-rodent yaguquka ngokuphelele yaba inkathazo, njengoba yanda lapho.

E-Russia, umvundla uhlala engxenyeni yonke yezwe laseYurophu, aze afike eLake Onega naseNyakatho Dvina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu lisakazekela e-Perm nase-Urals, bese liya esifundeni sasePavlodar seKazakhstan. Ngaseningizimu, amaRusak ahlala iTranscaucasia, isifunda saseCaspian, yonke indawo kuze kube seKaraganda. Indawo okuwukuphela kwayo lapho umhlanga ungazange uzuze khona yiBuryatia.

Ezifundeni eziningana zaseRussia, amaRusak nawo akhiqizwa ngokungemthetho:

• Izindawo ezakhiwe ngezinyawo zase-Altai,
• USalair
• Kuznetsk Alatau,
• I-Altai Territory
• I-Krasnoyarsk Territory
• Isifunda saseNovosibirsk,
• Isifunda sase-Irkutsk
• Isifunda seChita,
• I-Khabarovsk Territory,
• I-Primorsky Territory.

Ngabe udlani umvundla onsundu?

Isithombe: Hare Rusak

IRusak ine-feed ehlukahlukene ngokuhlukahluka komphako. Lolu hlu olubanzi lubandakanya izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-50. Ngenkathi efudumele, isilwane sisebenzisa ama-cereal ngentshiseko: i-timothy, oats, amabele, utshani bukakolweni. Uthanda futhi i-legumes: i-alfalfa, i-seradella, i-peas, i-clover, i-lupine. Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zezinhabhu yi-euphorbia, i-plantain, i-dandelion, i-quinoa ne-buckwheat.

Ngokuqala kuka-Agasti, ama-grunts aguqukela ekudleni okusanhlamvu futhi ikakhulukazi imbewu ye-legume. Kulokhu, ukuqasha, njengezinyoni, kunomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezitshalo, ngoba akuyona yonke imbewu egayiwe bese ingena imvelo futhi.

Ezindaweni eziningi zezolimo, i-grouse ibhekwa njengendlala futhi inhlekelele yangempela. Kusukela esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika badla amagxolo nezihlahlana zezihlahla: izihlahla zama-apula, ithini lamapheya, imichilo, izihlahla zemvelo neziqobolondo. Ngobusuku obubodwa, abamele le zinhlobo bangonakalisa kakhulu ingadi.

Ngaphezu kokukhonkotha, izinsensane ziyaqhubeka zidla ngembewu, izinsalela zotshani obudaywayo, ngisho nezitshalo zasengadini abazikhipha ngaphansi kweqhwa. Imvamisa lezi zindawo ezihlukanisiwe zivakashelwa yilamaphethelo ampunga, wona uqobo angakwazi ukumba iqhwa ukuze adle okusele.

Ukudla okuluhlaza kumarabi akugaywanga kahle, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi adla owawo umgodi. Ngakho-ke bathola ithuba lokungenisa kangcono izakhamzimba. Ekuhambeni kokuhlolwa okuthile, ama-crayfish ancishwe lelo thuba, umphumela waba ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo, izifo, nokufa kwabantu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Animal brown hare

I-hare ebrawuni iyinamatheli wezikhala ezivulekile, ikhetha nendawo eyihlathi, ifunela ukuhlala endaweni ecacile noma indawo yokugawula ebanzi. Kuyaqabukela kungatholakali emahlathini ama-coniferous, ukhetha izizinda ezinamahlathi aqinile. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama hares athanda amapulazi esintu, lapho kukhona izigodi ezincane, amakhophi noma amahlathi.

Imvamisa kuba khona i-grouse emifuleni yezikhukhula nasemifuleni yezilimo zokusanhlamvu. Uma i-step-steppe lapho i-hare ihlala khona ngaphansi kwezigodi zezinyawo, ehlobo ingakhuphuka ifike kumamitha ayi-2000. Futhi ebusika yehla ukusuka lapho, eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ama-hares ahlala ezintabeni ehlela emifuleni ebusika ngesikhathi sobusika, entwasahlobo ajwayele ukubuyela ezindaweni eziphakemeyo.

Njengomthetho, i-grouse ixazululwe bukhoma. Uma kunokudla okwanele kuleyo nsimu, bangaphila ebangeni lama-40-50 ha iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-hares nsuku zonke anqoba amashumi amakhilomitha ukusuka emkhakheni wombhede ukuya endaweni yokuphakelwa futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ukuzulazula kukaNomad nakho kuya ngesizini, isibonelo, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zihamba ngokuqala kokuhlwanyela.

Ama-hares akhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, phakathi nosuku asebenza ngalo kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Uma izimo zingahambi kahle, umfokazi kungenzeka angashiyi nhlobo indawo yakhe yokuhlala. Imvamisa kuba umgodi ojwayelekile obhajwe emhlabathini, endaweni ethile ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma ucashe ngemuva kwesihlahla esiwile.

Kepha kaninginingi, umvundla uhlala nje ehlathini, ucashe emngceleni noma emseleni ojulile. Ingasebenzisa buthule izimbobo ezingenalutho zezinye izilwane: izimpungushe noma amabheji. Kodwa amaRusaks akavamile ukumba imisele yawo, okwesikhashana kuphela, uma kunokushisa okukhulu. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuqamba amanga ngokuqondile kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izilwane zikhetha izindawo ezifudumele kakhulu.

Esimweni sezulu esimanzi, hares ibheka izindawo eziphakemeyo, futhi esimeni sezulu esomile, endaweni ephansi, ezindaweni eziphansi. Ebusika, balala obukhulu bekhephu endaweni evikelekile emoyeni. Uma iqhwa lijulile kakhulu, bamba izimbobo kuwo kuze kufike ku-2 m ubude. Izindawo ezithandekayo zokudonsa kwamaqhude kungamachibi emaphethelweni emizana.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: hare in the steppe

Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwabesilisa nabesilisa bendoda ensundu kwenzeka ngonyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngokuvamile entwasahlobo. Lolu hlobo lubhekisela ekusakazweni okusheshayo. Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzala kanye nenani lama-broods ngonyaka kuncike ezimweni zezulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngoJanuwari.

Esihlotsheni seqhwa sokushwabanisa ibonakala ikakhulukazi. Lawa ngeminonjana womchamo we-orange wabesifazane neqhwa eliqhume wanyathelwa abesilisa abathukuthele engxabanweni engaphansi kwensikazi. Owesifazane ngamunye ulandelwa abesilisa abangu-2-3. Bahlela ukulwa okuhle, okuhambisana nokukhala kwabo okushisayo.

Ukulwa kumile okwamanje lapho insikazi ithatha indawo yokuzalela. Owesilisa oqinile umboza, kanti abanye ngalesi sikhathi bagxumela kulo mbhangqwana, bezama ukungqongqoza owesilisa ngezihlakala zakhe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuphela asebekhulile futhi aqine kakhulu okwazi ukuphumelela emndenini we-hare. Umjaho olandelayo uza ngo-Ephreli, kuthi emva kwawo kube owesithathu - maphakathi noJulayi.

Onogwaja bokuqala bazovela ngo-Ephreli, ezinsukwini ezingama-45 kuya kwezingu-46 emva kokukhulelwa. Imvamisa kuzalwa izingane ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-9. Bazalwa sebebonwe, banezindlebe futhi bembozwe ngoboya. Isisindo se-bunny ngasinye sicishe sibe ngu-100 g. Ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yedoti kuhlobene ngqo nezimo zezulu. Unyaka ofudumele futhi ocebile, lapho kukhula umzingeli futhi likhulu inani lazo.

Amaviki amabili okuqala, izinsana zidla ubisi kuphela, kepha lapho isisindo sazo lukhula amahlandla ama-4, umhlanga uqala ukuhudula utshani. Kude insikazi akuhambuki ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, kulungele uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ukuvikela umndeni wakhe. Umndeni ubambisene kuze kube yilapho izintambo ziphenduka izinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Ngemuva kwalokho umama ubashiye bayolanda izingane ezilandelayo.

Ama-broods ephelele angaba ama-3 noma ama-4 ngonyaka. Lapho usiya eningizimu indawo yokuhlala, maningi amathuba okuthi umntwana wesine abambe. Kodwa-ke, kuzo zonke izingane, ezi-2 ziyasinda ngonyaka. Ukufa kwabo kusuka kwesimo sezulu, izifo, imisebenzi yabantu kanye nezitha kukhona okuhle kakhulu.

Ngokwesilinganiso, i-grouse ayihlali iminyaka engu-8, ezimweni ezingandile, ingaphila iminyaka eyi-10-12. Kunezitha eziningi ezingaba khona. Njengomthetho, azishadanga futhi alwela ukuba yedwa phakathi kokuzala.

Izitha zemvelo ze-hare

Isithombe: I-hare enkulu

Izitha zemvelo zamaRusak zinomthelela omkhulu kubantu bakhona. Phakathi nonyaka, izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa kuze kufike ku-12% wenani lama-hares wonke. Lesi sibalo sincike ngqo enanini labazingeli abahlala endaweni ethile, nasekutholakaleni kokunye ukudla kanye nenani lama-grouse uqobo.

Izilwane eziyingozi kakhulu kwama hares:

Konke okusele kumaRusak akufihliwe, kuyashesha ukugijima futhi kutholakala izingxibongo. Umbala onsundu grey usiza i-hare ukuthi ingafihli phakathi kwamagatsha nezihlahla eziwile kuphela, kodwa futhi naphakathi kwamathafa eqhwa. I-trickster ingazenza isigaxa noma isigaxa esasifafazwe yiqhwa. Yonga ama-hares nesivinini, kanye namandla okubhukuda - emzabalazweni wempilo, i-rodent ingabhukuda uwele umfula.