Amazwe amaningi anemithetho yokuvikela izimila zasemadolobheni. Kunamapaki namahlathi angaphansi komhlaba lapho kungenziwa khona umsebenzi wokwakha. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwemithetho, izinhlangano zokwakha aziwunciphisi umsebenzi wazo, ngoba imali engenayo iyathakazelisa kakhulu kunokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
Izilwane emadolobheni: ungasinda kanjani ezimweni ezinzima?
Uma ukwazile ukugcina lezi zindawo ezivikelekile ziqinile, zizoba insindiso yangempela yezilwane ezahlukahlukene ezikhethe izimo zasemadolobheni.
Kungekudala kakhulu lapho kwakhiwa amadolobha, ukunakwa okuncane kakhulu kwanikezwa kwizikhala eziluhlaza. Kepha zimane zidingeka kubantu nasezilwaneni. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele kubhujiswe amapaki angaphansi kwedolobha, ngoba abaluleke kakhulu kulo muzi, lokhu kuyindawo yokuthula yabantu nezilwane.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomoya kunomphumela olimazayo ezimpilweni zezilwane hhayi zodwa, kodwa nabantu ababhubhisa imvelo uqobo. Uma imfucuza ibincishisiwe emvelweni, imvelo yasemadolobheni ibingaba ngcono kakhulu. Izilwane zithinteka kabi ngumsindo wedolobha, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nokuhamba kwezimoto.
Amapaki nezigcawu - isiphephelo esikhulu sezilwane edolobheni.
Ezimweni ezinzima kanjalo, izilwane azibonakali sengathi zikhona. Kepha empeleni, izilwane zikhangwa emadolobheni ngesimo sezulu esifudumele nekhono lokuthola ukudla ezindaweni zokubuthwa komhlaba ngaphandle kobunzima obukhethekile. Ukuze izilwane zizizwe zizinhle emadolobheni, abantu kufanele babekezelele futhi banakekele zona.
Yiziphi izilwane ezikhethe idolobha?
Ukukhula kwamadolobha kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izilwane zimane nje azinandawo yokuya futhi kufanele zizijwayeze nokuphila eduze kwabantu.
Ukugawula amapaki amadolobha nokuntuleka kokudla kwenza izinyoni nezilwane zizinze ezindaweni zokulahlwa komhlaba.
Izinyoni zasolwandle, izingwe, izimpungushe, amagundane nezinye izilwane ziba izivakashi ezivame ukulahlwa emadolobheni. Lapha abondli nje ngokuchitha, kepha nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane zihlala emihlabeni, eseyindawo evamile yokudla. Ukwenza isibonelo, eNyakatho Melika ama-raccoon atholakala ngokutholakala kwezindawo, e-Australia - kuma-amathuba, naseNgilandi - amabheji.
Cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha, cishe amagundane angama-500 ngekhilomitha elilodwa lohlelo lokuhambisa indle. Ngakho-ke, bathi kukhona umugqa oseduze wamamitha amathathu ukusuka kumuntu ngamunye odlulayo.
Ngabe izilwane zithola kuphi ukuba zodwa emadolobheni?
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, amadolobha ayehlalwa cishe yi-14% yabantu baseMhlabeni, kepha namuhla leli nani selifinyelele cishe ku-50%. Abantu abanejubane elikhulu basuka futhi amadolobha amaningi ayakhiwa. Amakhaya amasha, izikhungo, izikhungo zezindiza, imigwaqo kanye nokushiswa komhlaba kuyaphuma. Futhi imvelo yemvelo efanele izilwane zasendle iyancipha.
Kwamanye amadolobha, izingcezu zezimo ezisekuqaleni zohlobo lwezikwele namapaki zisalondoloziwe; lezo zinhlobo zezilwane ezijwayela impilo edolobheni zihlala kuzo. Ukube abantu bebengayifaki ubuthi imfucuza, khona-ke isibalo sezilwane ngabe sikhulu kakhulu.
Izilwane zidla izinto ezinobungozi futhi ziyafa noma izidalwa zazo zinobuthi kangangokuba azikwazi ukunikeza inzalo entsha enempilo. Amathuna angaphansi komhlaba utshani nezihlahla ezikhula kuzo ziba insindiso yangempela yezilwane. Emathuneni, izilwane zithola ukuthula nokuzola.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu
I-asphalt, ukhonkolo nobuso bezitini bubonisa kakhulu imisebe yelanga, kuyilapho izitshalo nomhlaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibamba. Kwensimbi nengilazi, ukubonakaliswa kuphakame kakhulu. Emadolobheni amakhulu, ama-smog cap ngokuvamile akhiwa emoyeni.
Ezimweni ezinzima kanjalo, izinyoni kufanele ziphile, ikakhulukazi zivame ukuchitha ubusuku emadolobheni ebusika. Isibonelo, amajuba ahlala emadolobheni unyaka wonke. Futhi, izinyoni eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika zidla emadolobheni kuphela.
Edolobheni, umoya ufudumele kunakuleli, ngakho izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngokushesha. Emadolobheni, lina kakhulu kaningi, kepha, njengomthetho, umswakama ushiya ngokushesha imisele, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ukhipha amanzi ngamandla, ngakho-ke inhlabathi yomile kunasemvelweni. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, izitshalo ezithanda umswakama ezifana nama-mosses nama-ferns, azikwazi ukukhula.
Ukungcoliswa kwamadolobha
Umoya wedolobha uqukethe inani elikhulu lezinzipho nensipho. Ngenxa yalokhu, amafomu amnyama wokumboza amaphaphu abahlali basemadolobheni. Umoya ongcolile uvala amaqabunga, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukubona inani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga. Kulokhu, izitshalo zikhula kancane kakhulu kunasemasimini. Ama-lichens akhula ezihlahleni adla imvula ye-acid, equkethe i-sulphur dioxide, ngakho ayafa.
Amanzi amdaka avela kumabhizinisi wezimboni nawezolimo ageleza abe imifula, angcolise. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusasele duckweed kuphela emifuleni yezitshalo eziphilayo. Kanye nemvula, umhlaba wasemadolobheni ugcwele izinsimbi ezisindayo, uphethiloli namanye amakhemikhali ayingozi. Futhi lokhu kuyabalimaza iminyundu yomhlaba kanye nezinyoni ezidla kuzo. Ngaphezulu kwekhonkolo lokudla, ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezine-pathogenic kuba ngaphezulu kakhulu.
"Ukuxoshwa" okuvela edolobheni kuphoqa izilwane ukuthi zihlale emathuneni angaphansi komhlaba.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, izidalwa eziphilayo ezijwayela impilo endaweni engcolisiwe sezivele. Isibonelo inyoka uvemvane. Le uvemvane inombala okhanyayo, kepha manje kunenundu elimnyama. Umbala lo ubonakale kwizimvemvane ezihlala ezindaweni zezimboni, ngoba kulula ukuthi izimvemvane ezimnyama zigobhoze kumsobhu omnyama we-birch. Lo mkhuba wemvelo ubizwa ngokuthi yi-industrial melanism.
Kuhle ukubheka lokho umuntu angakulethela imvelo ukuze alwele impilo ntofontofo. Njengomphumela wezenzo ezinjalo, imvelo ingahle ingafaneleki kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
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